Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hormones – Synthesis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Hormones – Synthesis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hormones – Synthesis"

1

He, Jinhan, Qiuqiong Cheng, and Wen Xie. "Minireview: Nuclear Receptor-Controlled Steroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism." Molecular Endocrinology 24, no. 1 (2010): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2009-0212.

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Abstract Steroid hormones are essential in normal physiology whereas disruptions in hormonal homeostasis represent an important etiological factor for many human diseases. Steroid hormones exert most of their functions through the binding and activation of nuclear hormone receptors (NRs or NHRs), a superfamily of DNA-binding and often ligand-dependent transcription factors. In recent years, accumulating evidence has suggested that NRs can also regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones. This review will focus on the recent progress in our understanding of the regulatory role of NRs in hormonal homeostasis and the implications of this regulation in physiology and diseases.
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Cordeiro, Aline, Luana Lopes Souza, Marcelo Einicker-Lamas, and Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura. "Non-classic thyroid hormone signalling involved in hepatic lipid metabolism." Journal of Endocrinology 216, no. 3 (2013): R47—R57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-12-0542.

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Thyroid hormones are important modulators of lipid metabolism because the liver is a primary hormonal target. The hypolipidaemic effects of thyroid hormones result from the balance between direct and indirect actions resulting in stimulation of lipid synthesis and lipid oxidation, which favours degradation pathways. Originally, it was believed that thyroid hormone activity was only transduced by alteration of gene transcription mediated by the nuclear receptor thyroid hormone receptors, comprising the classic action of thyroid hormone. However, the discovery of other effects independent of this classic mechanism characterised a new model of thyroid hormone action, the non-classic mechanism that involves other signalling pathways. To date, this mechanism and its relevance have been intensively described. Considering the increasing evidence for non-classic signalling of thyroid hormones and the major influence of these hormones in the regulation of lipid metabolism, we reviewed the role of thyroid hormone in cytosolic signalling cascades, focusing on the regulation of second messengers, and the activity of effector proteins and the implication of these mechanisms on the control of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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De Feo, Pierpaolo. "Hormonal regulation of human protein metabolism." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 1 (1996): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350007.

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De Feo P. Hormonal regulation of human protein metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:135:7–18. ISSN 0804–4643 This review focuses on the effects of hormones on protein kinetics in humans. Most of the recent knowledge on the regulation of protein metabolism in humans has been obtained by tracing protein kinetics in vivo, using labelled isotopes of essential or non-essential amino acids. This technique allows the rates of the whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown to be estimated together with amino acid oxidation and the fractional synthetic rates of mixed muscle proteins or of single plasma proteins. Changes induced within these parameters by hormonal administration or endocrine diseases are also discussed. Hormones, on the basis of their net effect on protein balance (protein synthesis minus protein breakdown), are divided into two categories: those provided with an anabolic action and those with a prevalent catabolic action. The effects on protein metabolism of the following hormones are reviewed: insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I, adrenaline, androgens, estrogens, progesterone, glucagon, glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones. The review concludes with a report on the effects of multiple hormonal infusions on whole-body protein kinetics and a discussion on the potential role played by the concomitant increase of several hormones in the pathogenesis of protein wasting that complicates stress diseases. Pierpaolo De Feo, DIMISEM, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Severo, Juliana Soares, Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais, Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas, et al. "The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 89, no. 1-2 (2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000262.

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Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.
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Tena-Sempere, Manuel, and Ilpo Huhtaniemi. "Sex in the brain: How the brain regulates reproductive function." Biochemist 31, no. 2 (2009): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03102004.

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Reproductive functions are maintained by a complex hormonal regulatory network called the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, which is under the hierarchical control of a network of neurohormones that ultimately modulate the synthesis and pulsatile release of the decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by specialized neural cells distributed along the mediobasal hypothalamus. This neuropeptide drives the production of the two gonadotropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), which are released into the circulation and regulate specific functions of the ovary and testis. In turn, hormones produced by the gonads feed back to the hypothalamic– pituitary level to maintain functional balance of the HPG axis, through negative and positive (only in females) regulatory loops. In this article, we review the main hormonal regulatory systems that are operative in the HPG axis with special emphasis on recent developments in our knowledge of the neuroendocrine pathways governing GnRH secretion, including the identification of kisspeptins and G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) as major gatekeepers of puberty onset and fertility.
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Elbrecht, Alex, and Catherine B. Lazier. "Selective inhibitory effects of thyroid hormones on estrogen-induced protein synthesis in chick embryo liver." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 12 (1985): 1206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-151.

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We have investigated the effect of thyroid hormones on estrogen-induced responses in embryonic chick liver. Administration of thyroid hormones inhibits estrogen induction of vitellogenin, as well as of apoprotein-II of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL apo-II). A proportionate decrease in the concentration of hepatic salt-soluble nuclear estrogen receptor is also observed. In contrast, estrogen stimulation of apoprotein-B (VLDL apo-B) synthesis is relatively resistant to inhibition. The inhibitory effects of the thyroid hormones could be due to increased metabolism and clearance of estradiol-17β in their presence. The relative resistance of estrogen-induced VLDL apo-B synthesis to thyroid hormone inhibition can be explained by its greater sensitivity to low doses of estradiol. In addition, experiments with the antithyroid agent thiourea suggest that, in vivo, estrogen-induced responses could be balanced by the selective inhibitory effects of thyroid hormones.
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7

Wernerman, Jan, Danielle Botta, Folke Hammarqvist, Stig Thunell, Alexandra von der Decken, and Erik Vinnars. "Stress Hormones Given to Healthy Volunteers Alter the Concentration and Configuration of Ribosomes in Skeletal Muscle, Reflecting Changes in Protein Synthesis." Clinical Science 77, no. 6 (1989): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0770611.

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1. The influence of elevated concentrations of stress hormones on the concentration of ribosomes and the relative proportion of polyribosomes, reflecting protein synthesis in vivo, in human skeletal muscle was investigated. Healthy volunteers were given a 6 h infusion of adrenaline (n = 8), Cortisol (n = 8), a triple-hormone combination of adrenaline, Cortisol and glucagon (n = 8), or saline (n = 8) 2. The total ribosome concentration declined by 30.4 ± 7.2% in the triple-hormone group (P <0.01), by 26.9 ± 8.6% in the Cortisol group (P <0.05) and by 24.8 ± 11.2% in the adrenaline group (P <0.05). The proportion of polyribosomes to total ribosomes decreased by 8.5 ± 2.2% in the triple-hormone group (P <0.05) 3. During hormone infusion the serum glucose levels were enhanced. The insulin concentrations in serum were elevated in the adrenaline group and the triple-hormone group, but not in the Cortisol group. Serum insulin decreased in the control group 4. The results indicate an effect of the combined stress hormone infusion on the total ribosome concentration as well as on the relative abundance of polyribosomes. The single hormones influenced the total ribosome concentration only. The results suggest a critical role for stress hormones in producing the decline in muscle protein synthesis seen after trauma.
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Sakurai, Tsuyoshi, Hisao Seo, Naohito Yamamoto, et al. "Detection of mRNA of prolactin and ACTH in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 5 (1988): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.5.0653.

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✓ Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas have been thought to synthesize some pituitary hormones as shown by studies involving cell culture, immunocytochemistry, or measurement of hormone levels in tumor homogenates. Nevertheless, they are not associated with hypersecretion of pituitary hormones. To further clarify hormone synthesis in such pituitary adenomas, the presence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of prolactin (PRL) growth hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the cytoplasm of 16 nonfunctioning adenomas was determined by means of a hybridization technique, and compared to the immunocytochemical findings. In three adenomas (19%) PRL mRNA was detected and in one case (6%) ACTH mRNA was detected. The hybridization technique appears to be more sensitive than immunohistochemistry for detection of specific mRNA's in assigning the hormone synthesis potential to clinically nonfunctioning tumors. The results suggest that PRL and ACTH are synthesized in some cases of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas and that hybridization techniques are useful to investigate hormone synthesis in pituitary adenomas. The ability to demonstrate PRL mRNA in tumor tissues allowed differentiation between hyperprolactinemia caused by synthesis of PRL in the tumor and that due to hypersecretion from the adjacent normal pituitary.
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HENDRY, KAY A. K., AMANDA J. MacCALLUM, CHRISTOPHER H. KNIGHT, and COLIN J. WILDE. "Effect of endocrine and paracrine factors on protein synthesis and cell proliferation in bovine hoof tissue culture." Journal of Dairy Research 66, no. 1 (1999): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029998003288.

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Laminitis is a major cause of lameness in dairy cattle, and is widely attributed to a defect in the horny tissue that gives the hoof its mechanical strength. Defective horn is associated with, and may be preceded by, impaired keratin deposition in the hoof epidermis. The cause of abnormal keratin deposition is not easily identified but, like epidermal keratinization in other tissues, is likely to be controlled by hormones and the paracrine action of locally produced growth factors. The hormonal regulation of keratin synthesis and cell proliferation in the bovine hoof was studied using tissue explants in organ culture. As the highest incidence of laminitis is in early lactation, the study focused on insulin, cortisol and prolactin, three hormones implicated in lactogenesis and galactopoiesis. Incubation of tissue explants for 24 h in medium containing insulin (10–5000 ng/ml) stimulated protein synthesis measured by incorporation of 35 S-labelled amino acids. Histochemical examination showed that insulin binding co-localized with the site of protein synthesis. Insulin also stimulated DNA synthesis, an index of cell proliferation, which was measured by incorporation of [3H]methyl thymidine. Cortisol (10–5000 ng/ml) decreased protein synthesis, whereas prolactin (10–5000 ng/ml) had no significant effect on protein or DNA synthesis. Epidermal growth factor (10–200 ng/ml), a potent inhibitor of keratinization in other tissues, stimulated protein synthesis compared with untreated controls. Epidermal growth factor binding was located microscopically to the germinal and differentiating epidermal layers. SDS-PAGE and fluorography showed that the population of proteins synthesized in the presence of any hormone or growth factor combination did not differ from that in untreated controls and included the keratins involved in horn deposition. The results show that bovine hoof keratinization is under endocrine and growth factor control, and suggest that systemic changes in lactogenic hormones may act to inhibit keratin deposition.
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Tajti, Hamow, Majláth, et al. "Polyamine-Induced Hormonal Changes in eds5 and sid2 Mutant Arabidopsis Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (2019): 5746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225746.

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Polyamines are multifaceted compounds which play a role in regulating plant growth and stress tolerance in interactions with plant hormones. The aim of the present study was to reveal how exogenous polyamines influence the synthesis of salicylic acid, with a special emphasis on the effect of salicylic acid deficiency on the polyamine metabolism and polyamine-induced changes in other plant hormone contents. Our hypothesis was that the individual polyamines induced different changes in the polyamine and salicylic acid metabolism of the wild type and salicylic acid-deficient Arabidopsis mutants, which in turn influenced other hormones. To our knowledge, such a side-by-side comparison of the influence of eds5-1 and sid2-2 mutations on polyamines has not been reported yet. To achieve our goals, wild and mutant genotypes were tested after putrescine, spermidine or spermine treatments. Polyamine and plant hormone metabolism was investigated at metabolite and gene expression levels. Individual polyamines induced different changes in the Arabidopsis plants, and the responses were also genotype-dependent. Polyamines upregulated the polyamine synthesis and catabolism, and remarkable changes in hormone synthesis were found especially after spermidine or spermine treatments. The sid2-2 mutant showed pronounced differences compared to Col-0. Interactions between plant hormones may also be responsible for the observed differences.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hormones – Synthesis"

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Rodway, Marie R. "Effector mechanisms in the endocrine control of steroidogenesis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31411.

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Production of hormones in the ovary is controlled by endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and intracrine influences. Similar controls may exist in the placenta. I wished to investigate the involvement of second messengers in the action of hormones in control of hormonogenesis in rat ovary and human placenta. The second messengers involved in the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin (PG) F₂[formula omitted] were investigated in rat granulosa and luteal cells. As well, the endocrine role of GnRH in the placenta and the possible second messengers involved were investigated. Monolayer cultures of rat granulosa and luteal cells and human placental cells were prepared. Rat granulosa cells were mechanically dispersed; rat luteal cells were enzymatically dispersed with collagenase and DNase. Rat granulosa cells were treated during the first 24 hours in culture; rat luteal cells were treated up to 3 days after dispersion. Radioimmunoassay of medium was used to determine the effect of treatments on hormone production. Studies which examined the effect of hormones on the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) in single cells using the calcium sensitive fluorescent dye, Fura-2, were done in monolayer rat granulosa and luteal cell cultures. Human placental cells, from first trimester and term placentae, were dispersed using trypsin-DNase or collagenase-DNase. Cells were cultured for 2 days prior to treatment. The effects of treatments on production of steroid (progesterone and estrogen), glycoprotein (human chorionic gonadotropin; hCG) and protein (human placental lactogen; hPL) hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay of the medium. In rat granulosa and luteal cell cultures, I examined the effect of a number of hormones and second messengers. Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), GnRH and PGF₂[formula omitted] on ovarian hormonogenesis have been previously reported. Changes in cytosolic free calcium concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in response to PGF₂[formula omitted] were measured in single rat granulosa and luteal cells. I found that in 34% of granulosa cells, and 53% of luteal cells, there was a 3 to 4 fold increase in resting [Ca²⁺]i within 30 seconds of administration of PGF₂[formula omitted]. Many cells which responded to PGF₂[formula omitted] also responded to GnRH (39% of granulosa cells; 67% of luteal cells). The immediate source of the increased [Ca²⁺]i appeared to be common intracellular stores. No change in hormone production in response to GnRH in placental cell cultures was seen. Trypsin dispersion may have damaged cell surface receptors, therefore the effect of second messengers on hormone production in these cultures was examined. In term and first trimester trophoblast cultures, I observed the following effects with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-br-cAMP): inhibited estrogen production from the supplied androgen precursors; stimulated hCG production; stimulated hPL production in first trimester placental cell cultures (hPL was not measured in enough term cultures to determine the effect of 8-br-cAMP), and stimulated progesterone production. I also investigated the effects of activators and inhibitors of the phosphoinositide (PtdIns(4,5)P₂) breakdown second messenger pathway (TPA, A23187, arachidonic acid); no effects of these agents were seen. Other hormones suspected of having endocrine, paracrine or autocrine effects in the placenta were tested without effect. I conclude that GnRH and PGF₂[formula omitted] cause increases in [Ca²]i in rat ovarian cells, from common intracellular stores of calcium, and that the production of hormones by the human placenta may be under regulation of an agent or agents which induce production of cAMP.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of<br>Graduate
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2

Athmani, Salah. "Synthesis of cytokinin analogues." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304608.

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Harrison, Polly A. "Partial synthesis of selected gibberellins." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294577.

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Sienna, Nancy. "Regulation of ribosomal protein L32 synthesis by hormones." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0027/NQ51047.pdf.

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Arslan, Ali. "Parturient hormones : cytokine, and oxytocin effects on prostaglandin synthesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/NQ29877.pdf.

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Grundler, Claudia. "Design and synthesis of ring D modified steroidal hormones." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17372.

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Bibliography: pages 183-190.<br>Cycloadditions of steroidal 14,16-dienes with ketene equivalents were investigated, as routes to estradiol and estriol analogues. The cycloadduct of 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10), 14,16-pentaen-17-yl acetate and 2-chloroacrylonitrile underwent an unprecedented tandem rearrangement, on attempted alkaline hydrolysis to the corresponding ketone. This product, obtained in ca. 90% yield, was formulated as (16¹R)-3-methoxy-17-oxo-15β,16¹-cyclo-14,16β-ethano-14β-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16¹-carbonitrile. The chemistry of the 16¹-carbonitrile was extensively studied and, in addition, the derived estradiol analogues were prepared and evaluated for receptorbinding affinity. The 16¹-carbonitrile, and its derivatives, could be transformed into 14,15-dihydrocyclobutano or 14β,16β-bridged compounds by cleavage of a cyclopropyl bond. Indeed, a 14,15-dihydrocyclobutano estradiol analogue was synthesised and submitted for biological evaluation. The cycloadduct of 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10),14,16-pentaen-17-yl acetate and 2-acetoxyacrylonitrile afforded the corresponding 17-hydroxy 16-oxo compound on alkaline hydrolysis. The 17-hydroxy 16-oxo compound was efficiently converted to the 14α,17α-ethano 15,16-etheno compound by the Shapiro reaction. Reduction of the 17- hydroxy 16-oxo compound led to the formation of the corresponding 16,17-diols, which gave the derived 14β-compounds on glycol cleavage. Furthermore, under acidic conditions the 16,17-diols were found to undergo high yield 16(17 --> l7¹)abeo rearrangements, to afford 14,16-etheno compounds.
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Jardine, Mogamad Anwar. "Synthesis and structure activity relationships of ring D modified steroidal hormones." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17900.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The synthesis of steroidal 14α,16-methano, 14α,17-methano-, 14α,17-ethano- and 14α,17-propano estradiol analogues as well as 14α-alkyl and 14α-functionalised-alkyl estradiol analogues was investigated. Furthermore, the synthesis of 17β-hydroxy-17α, 14-(epoxymethano)androst-4-en-3-one was undertaken and acid-mediated rearrangement of the 14,17-etheno bridged testosterone analogue gave the 14,16-ethano analogue of androst-4-en-3,17-dione. Established ring D cycloaddition and oxidative cleavage methodology gave ring D 14α-formyl and 14α, 17α-diformyl compounds as key intermediates in the overall synthetic plan. Chemoselective- and stereoselective nucleophilic addition at C-14¹ of the 14α-formyl-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one provided access to 14α-alkyl- and 14α-alkyl-functionalised 19-norsteroids for elaboration toward 14α,17-propano- and 14α-alkylamide estradiol analogues. Synthesis of the 14α,17-methano bridged steroid was attainable indirectly through intramolecular pinacol coupling between the 17-oxo- and 14-formyl group of 14αformyl- 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one. The 14α, 16-methano bridged steroid was synthesised via base-mediated intramolecular cyclisation of 14-(toluene-p-sulfonyloxy)methyl-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5( 1 0)-trien-17-one. Novel compounds were characterised with the aid of high field NMR techniques. A X-ray crystal structure determination of the strained ring D 14α, 17-methano bridged estriol analogue corroborated its structure. The minimum energy conformation of novel estradiol analogues were superimposed on estradiol, and their least square fit values determined and discussed in relation to biological activity. These analogues will contribute toward defining the structural parameters responsible for certain pattern of hormonal activity, and hence, the ultimate goal of predictive drug design.
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Marashi, Khadijeh Kathy 1960. "SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS OF UNSATURATED ANALOGUES OF OXYTOCIN AND THEIR MEDICINAL APPLICATION (PEPTIDES, HORMONES, ANTAGONISTS, CONFORMATION, RECEPTORS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275515.

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Russell, Keith Casey. "Design and asymmetric synthesis of unusual amino acids for incorporation into peptide hormones." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185750.

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One of the central goals of peptide and protein chemistry is the development of peptides with specific biological, chemical, and physical properties. An important method directed towards attaining this goal is the use of conformationally restricted amino acids. The conformationally restricted amino L-isomers of 2'-methyltyrosine, 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine, erythro- and threo-2',β-dimethyltyrosine, and erythro- and threo-2',6',β-trimethyltyrosine were asymmetrically synthesized in good yields and high optical purities. The synthesis of these compounds was based on the chiral boron imidate methodology. Acid precursors were prepared from either 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol, 3-methylanisole, or 3,5-dimethylansole and coupled to optically active 4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone. Unsaturated coupled products were subjected to 1,4 conjugate additions to set the stereochemistry at the β-carbon with superior stereoselectivity (88-99% de). The Michael adducts and other acyloxazolidinones were asymmetrically brominated to set the chirality at the α-carbon also with excellent stereoselectivity (80-98% de). The bromides were displaced with azide ion to afford the α-azidocyloxazolinones without any detectable racemization. The chiral auxiliary was hydrolyzed and recovered. The azido acids were reduced and methyl ether hydrolyzed to yield the tyrosine derivatives with high optical purity. The absolute stereochemistry of three of the bromide intermediates was determined by X-ray crystallography providing evidence for the selective reactions. The superiority of 4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone over 4-phenylmethyl-2-oxazolidinone for asymmetric induction was also demonstrated. To examine the sensitivity of the 2' position of tyrosine in oxytocin, (D,L-2'-methylTyr²) oxytocin was synthesized using the standard techniques of solid phase synthesis. Racemic 2'-methyltyrosine was prepared via the classical malonate synthesis. Computer models suggest that the [L-2'-methylTyr²] oxytocin should be a weak agonist.
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Wrigley, J. O. L. "Protein synthesis in isolated muscle preparations from carp (Cyprinus carpio) : The influence of amino acids and hormones." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379815.

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Books on the topic "Hormones – Synthesis"

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Andersdtr, Anne, and Jon Anderssen. Growth hormones: Synthesis, regulation & health implications. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012.

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International, Symposium on Glycoprotein Hormones (1989 Newport Beach Calif ). Glycoprotein hormones: Structure, synthesis, and biologic function. Serono Symposia, USA, 1990.

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Mori, K. Chemical synthesis of hormones, pheromones, and other bioregulators. John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

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Mori, Kenji. Chemical Synthesis of Hormones, Pheromones and Other Bioregulators. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470669228.

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Rehfeld, Jens F., and Jens R. Bundgaard. Cellular peptide hormone synthesis and secretory pathways. Springer, 2010.

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Ripley, Joanne Kim. Regulation of pancreatic acinar protein synthesis by islet hormones. University of Manchester, 1994.

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Yamada Conference on Molecular Steroidogenesis (52nd 1999 Nara, Japan). Molecular steroidogenesis: Proceedings of the Yamada Conference LII on Molecular Steroidogenesis held on August 25-28, 1999, in Nara, Japan. Universal Academy Press, 2000.

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Liposits, Zsolt. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of the hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone synthesizing system: Anatomical basis of neuronal and humoral regulatory mechanisms. Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1990.

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Labsystems Research Symposium on Synthetic Peptides in Biology and Medicine (1985 Hämeenlinna, Finland). Synthetic peptides in biology and medicine: Proceedings of the Labsystems Research Symposium on Synthetic Peptides in Biology and Medicine held in Hämeenlinna, Finland, on June 6-8, 1985. Edited by Alitalo Kari, Partanen Paul, Vaheri Antti, and Labsystems (Firm). Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985.

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C, Pech J., Latché A, and Balagué C, eds. Cellular and molecular aspects of the plant hormone ethylene: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Biosynthesis and Action of the Plant Hormone Ethylene, Agen, France, August 31st - September 4th, 1992. Kluwer Academic, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hormones – Synthesis"

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Richter, D., R. Ivell, H. Schmale, P. Nahke, and B. Krisch. "Synthesis of Neurohypophyseal Hormones." In Neurobiochemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70940-1_6.

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Kleine, Bernhard, and Winfried G. Rossmanith. "Synthesis, Release, and Action." In Hormones and the Endocrine System. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15060-4_9.

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Acconcia, Filippo, and Maria Marino. "Steroid Hormones: Synthesis, Secretion, and Transport." In Endocrinology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27318-1_4-1.

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Acconcia, Filippo, and Maria Marino. "Steroid Hormones: Synthesis, Secretion, and Transport." In Endocrinology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44675-2_4.

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Duester, Gregg. "Involvement of Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes in Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Inhibition by Ethanol." In Alcohol and Hormones. Humana Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0243-1_4.

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Malandrino, Noemi, and Robert J. Smith. "Synthesis, Secretion and Transport of Peptide Hormones." In Endocrinology. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27318-1_3-1.

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Malandrino, Noemi, and Robert J. Smith. "Synthesis, Secretion, and Transport of Peptide Hormones." In Endocrinology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44675-2_3.

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Malandrino, Noemi, and Robert J. Smith. "Synthesis, Secretion and Transport of Peptide Hormones." In Endocrinology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27318-1_3-2.

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LeRoith, D., and J. Roth. "Syndromes Associated with Inappropriate Hormone Synthesis by Tumors: An Evolutionary Interpretation." In Peptide Hormones in Lung Cancer. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82533-0_23.

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Hechter, Oscar. "Biogenesis of Adrenal Cortical Hormones." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Synthesis and Metabolism of Adrenocortical Steroids (Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 7). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470718865.ch13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hormones – Synthesis"

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Castro, Guilherme V. de, Vitor Lacerda Sanches, Paulo M. Donate, Igor Polikarpov, and Mirela I. de Sairre. "Synthesis of ligands for nuclear receptors of thyroid hormones." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_2013818233325.

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Ohlsson, M., A. J. W. Hsueh, and T. Ny. "HORMONE REGULATION OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM IN THE OVARY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644389.

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In the ovary, the release of oocytes from graafian follicles during hormone-induced ovulation has been found to be associated with substantial increases in follicular plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Most of the PA activity comes from the granulosa cells that have been shown to produce tPA, uPA as well as the type-1 PA-inhibitor,(PAI-1).We have studied the molecular mechanism of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the synthesis of tPA in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. FSH and GnRH were both found to induce tPA in granulosa cells in a time and dose dependent manner. The effect of FSH and GnRH on the levels of tPA mRNA was also studied by northern and slot blot hybridizations. FSH and GnRH were both found to increase the level of tPA mRNA. The stimulation was up to 18 -fold compared to untreated cells.The induction of tPA mRNA by FSH and GnRH was additive and the time courses of the stimulation by the hormones differed, suggesting that different cellular mechanisms are involved. Consistent with the ability of FSH to activate the cAMP dependent protein kinase A pathway, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine further enhanced the FSH induction of tPA mRNA.GnRH is known to activate the phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C pathway. Likewise the effect of GnRH can be mimicked by the kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate.It is concluded that FSH and GnRH regulates tPA production by differnt molecular mechanisms, and that the increase in tPA activity is mediated via an increase in the levels tPA mRNA. Since both gonadotropins and GnRH cause ovulation in hyposectomized animals, similar stimulatory actions of these hormones on the tPA activity suggest a correlative relationship between this enzyme and the ovulatory process.
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Aadim, Kadhim A., Rafel H. Jassem, Ban H. Adil, Mohammad M. Farhan, and Salah M. Al-Chalabi. "Synthesis of zinc nanoparticles by laser induced plasma and its effects on levels of thyroid hormones." In TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES20. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0032721.

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Ataei, Abdol Hossain, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Application of In-Ovo Injection of Some Substances for Manipulation of Sex and Improving Performance in Chicken." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.006.

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In intensive production, freshly hatched cockerels are culled in the layer hatchery (7 billion males each year), On the other hand, for meat production rearing female birds has not economic benefits because of male broiler chicks have a faster growth rate and better feed efficiency than females. In this regards several methods are being developed for sex determination in the chick embryo during the incubation period. But these methods need to be rapid, cost-efficient, and suitable practical for commercial use. Additionally, sex determination should be done before pain perception has evolved in chick embryos. Biotechnology by in ovo technique to sex determination of between male and female chicks or sex reversal could improve production and eliminate ethical dilemmas for poultry industries. In birds, the differentiation of embryonic gonads is not determined by genetic gender with the certainty that occurs in mammals and can be affected by early treatment with a steroid hormone. During the development of the chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which then caused male or female phenotype. The differentiation of gonads during the period called the "critical period of sexual differentiation" is accompanied by the beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Namely, any change in the concentration of steroid hormones during the critical period affects the structure of the gonads. Many synthetic anti-aromatases such as federazole and non-synthetic in plants, mushrooms, and fruits containing natural flavonoids have been used in the experiments in ovo injection of anti-aromatase had no negative effect on the growth performance of sexual reversal female chickens. In conclusion, administration of an aromatase inhibitor causes testicular growth in the genetic female gender, and estrogen administration leads to the production of the left ovotestis in the genetic male gender. Therefore, in the early stages of embryonic development, sexual differentiation can be affected by changing the ratio of sexual hormones. In this review, effects of some substances applied by in ovo injection technique on sex reversal and performance in chicks.
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Gallo, Rafael D. C., Carlise Frota, and Cristiano Raminelli. "Studies toward the synthesis of the L-thyroxine hormone." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0057-2.

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Volpato, Eduardo Lordelo, Ronaldo Fia, and Isael Aparecido Rosa. "Hormone Identification in Superficial Waters at Brazilian Municipalities and Synthesis of Adsorbents for Hormone Removal." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700193.

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Nouzova, Marcela. "Targets of neuropeptides regulating juvenile hormone synthesis in mosquitoes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93907.

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Noriega, Fernando G. "Metabolic analysis of the juvenile hormone synthesis pathways in mosquitoes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91917.

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Perry, Caitlyn Louise. "Understanding variation in molting hormone synthesis pathways through comparative genome analysis." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113356.

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Lones, John, Matthew Lewis, and Lola Cañamero. "Hormonal Modulation of Development and Behaviour Permits a Robot to Adapt to Novel Interactions." In Artificial Life 14: International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems. The MIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch031.

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