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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Horní končetina'
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1
Koukal, Ondřej. "Mechanická protéza horní končetiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231452.
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This thesis elaborates on design and fabrication of an artificial mechanical upper limb prototype for transradial amputations, i. e. for patients with stump between elbow and wrist joints. The artificial limb is designed for use in a wide spectrum of patients. Therefore, the main components are designed to be applicable to smaller as well as larger hand dimensions. The artificial mechanical limb is designed to be controlled by the other hand of a patient and enables grasping of objects via cylindrical and hook grip. Fingers are driven by tension springs and can be locked in extension. Clenching can be initiated by pressing a button, which unlocks the fingers, thus an object can be grasped. Wrist joint is adjustable when pressed a release button. Forearm joint is locked by preloaded spring. The lock of the forearm joint is released by sufficient torque. New position of the forearm joint is locked automatically when the torque is not being applied. Prototypes of the artificial mechanical upper limb were manufactured by using of rapid prototyping technologies (FDM, SLM) as well as CNC milling machine. All parts of the artificial limb were designed with regard to manufacturability by conventional methods such as casting, injection and the like. The artificial limb prototype had been designed on 3D data basis of a specific patient, who already has tested the prototype. Following materials were used on the prototype: ABS plastic, SikaBlock M940 polyurethane, aluminium and 316L stainless steel.
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Kouřil, Jan. "Biomechanická studie zápěstí horní končetiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230511.
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This master´s thesis is focused on biomechanical study of wrist. There is a literature search on this theme in the beginning of this work. The thesis is described in detail anatomy of bones in the wrist. Subsequent the stress-strain analysis of physiological wrist is implemented in a neutral position. The model of geometry of wrist is created on base of CT data. To create calculation model and the solution is implemented in the computer system ANSYS Workbench.
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Kosová, Barbora. "Design parametrické ortézy horní končetiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319490.
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This thesis deals with the design and manufacturing of custom-made immobilization orthosis for the upper limb. Emphasis is put on the digitization of the approach and integration of additive manufacturing in the workflow of splint production. The solution proposes automatic model construction based on a 3D scan. Such a model is further parametrized in order to provide splinting practitioners with customization abilities. Particular attention is paid to the changes of limb volume due to swell, where the use of auxetic structures is suggested.
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Brázdil, Štěpán. "Řízení aktivní protézy horní končetiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413016.
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This thesis focuses on the field of prosthetics, especially the issue of active prosthesis control. The goal is to perform a comprehensive analysis, design and construction of a prosthetic system that, based on the analysis of sensory data (such as an EMG signal from multiple channels), can correctly classify a gesture and a subsequent moving of the limb model. The first parts of the thesis are an important description of the critical components and important parameters of the active prosthesis system, including comparison and selection of available open source solutions. Next is a proposal of interconnection and description of individual hardware and software components. It also includes documentation of the real constructed system, which consists of the InMoov robotic hand, the Raspberry Pi controller and accessories. The results are critically evaluated in the last part of this work.
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Minaříková, Olga. "Design kompenzační pomůcky horní končetiny." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234008.
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This work deals with a new approach of designing ortho-prosthetic devices in terms of mechanical solution and innovative design. The work was addressed to a specific patient with congenital malformation of upper limbs called phocomelia. A custom-made compensatory aid was made on basis of personal consultations and meetings on specialized workplace; however the aid was built in a way and from parts for other kind of disability. As it turned out, the use of this equipment is associated with many complications, and therefore as a result, this solution proved as unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, thanks to this compensation aid it was possible to specify the problems, to reveal important patterns and highlight the needs for development of entirely new and unique aid designed for patients with phocomelia disability. The work is based on these findings and knowledge acquired from bibliographic search in the field of orthotics, prosthetics, assistive devices and prosthetic equipment. A complete redesign was done with the aim to eliminate all detected problems. The presented result is a unique tool for people with specific congenital disability of upper limbs, with working label 4TE.
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Vávra, Marek. "Design hydromasážní vany pro horní končetiny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401505.
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The topic of this thesis is design of hydrotherapy bathtub for upper limbs that reacts mainly to ergonomic weaknesses of current solutions. Created design concept is mainly focused on users comfort. Its appearance reflects the environment of medical and rehabilitation facilities.
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Pechová, Petra. "Hodnocení úchopu po rekonstrukci spastické ruky." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350810.
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The aim of the thesis was to find out which areas of life of people with hand spasticity may affect the performance of reconstructive surgery. Furthermore, to determine which specific factors involved in the function and dysfunction of the upper limb in people with upper motor neuron syndrome can affect the results of the intervention, and what are the relationships between these factors. The group consisted of 13 people with cerebral type of spasticity. Subjects were examined preoperatively, three months after the intervention, and five months after the intervention. Operations were performed in the wrist-hand and elbow region. Subjects were examined repeatedly by some sensory modality, goniometry, Frenchay arm test, Score for visual evaluation of functional task of the hand, The QuickDASH, modified Ashworth Scale, modified Barthel Index and each person was classified according to The Manual Ability Classification System. There was an elbow contracture release and an improvement in an active motion in the wrist as result of the intervention. The results showed a statistically significant difference in some test scores Frenchay arm test, Score for visual evaluation of functional task of the hand, The QuickDASH and the modified Barthel Index before and after intervention. In a group of people with...
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Struška, Michal. "Rekonstrukce vlivu mletí obilí na svalovou aktivitu horní končetiny." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380768.
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Interpretation of changes of humeral asymmetry during the Holocene period was based on the analysis of upper limb muscle activity during cereal grinding using the saddle quern and rotary quern. The aim of the diploma thesis was to test if the dominant upper limb muscle activity during cereal grinding using the saddle quern and rotary quern might be estimated by measuring the activity of musculus deltoideus (pars clavicularis), musculus infraspinatus, musculus pectoralis major and musculus triceps brachii (caput longum). Using surface electromyography, we have analyzed activity of musculus biceps brachii, musculus deltoideus (pars clavicularis), musculus deltoideus (pars acromialis), musculus deltoideus (pars spinalis), musculus pectoralis major, musculus infraspinatus, musculus triceps brachii (caput laterale) and musculus triceps brachii (caput longum) during cereal grinding using the saddle quern and rotary quern in 25 subjects. Consistent with our prediction, musculus biceps brachii was the least active muscle during saddle quern grinding and clockwise rotary grinding, therefore it is possible to exclude musculus biceps brachii from the sample of analyzed muscles. Pars clavicularis, pars acromialis and pars spinalis of musculus deltoideus were more active during rotary quern grinding than...
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Nováková, Kateřina. "Využití elektromyografie pro funkční diagnostiku horní končetiny u spinálních pacientů z pohledu ergoterapeuta." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398863.
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The aim of this thesis is to determine the use of surface electromyography for functional diagnostic of upper limb in spinal cord injury patients from an occupational therapy perspective. Functional diagnostic is focused on personal activities of daily living (pADL). So far, no one has commented this topic from an occupational therapy perspective in the Czech Republic. The thesis should offer another possibility of objective evaluation. The theoretical part deals with the description of upper limb, including kinesiology, the types of grasps of quadriplegic patients and the muscles involved in performing personal activities of daily living. There are problem areas of activities of daily living in spinal cord injury patients and their classification. At the end of the theoretical part is described electromyography, interconnection with occupational therapy and use of surface electromyography. There is also described interdisciplinary team. The practical part consists of six case reports, in which subjects were measured muscle activity during performing personal activities of daily living using surface electromyography. This section presents a diverse use of application of surface electromyography both in terms of graphical imaging and wide age dispersion of patients. Keywords: surface...
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Uher, Dominik. "Vliv cvičení s omezením krevního průtoku na nárůst svalové síly - meta-analytická studie." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447984.
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Title: The effect of exercise with blood flow restriction on the development of muscle strength Objectives: The aim of this work was to assess the magnitude of the effect of exercise with blood flow restriction on the development of muscle strength on the basis of a systematic research and to determine the main factors that moderate this increase. Methods: Primary sources were searched in the scientific databases Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science and Taylor and Francis. Individual training interventions were found in the included studies. Based on the training interventions, possible moderating factors of the magnitude of the effect on the development of muscular strength of the upper or lower limbs were defined. From the results of the studies, the effect size values of Cohen's d and Hedge's g were calculated. The influence of concrete parameters of application of the vascular occlusion and blood flow restriction exercise on the magnitude of the effect was evaluated on the basis of correlation analysis. Results: A total of 27 studies were included in this diploma thesis, in which 39 different trainings using blood flow restriction exercises were found and included. Based on the correlation analysis, no direct relationship was found between the exercise parameters and the magnitude of the...
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Horsáková, Petra. "Využití terapie vynuceného používání paretické horní končetiny u pacientů po cévní mozkové příhodě v ergoterapii." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357258.
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Constraint induced movement therapy is one of many neurorehabilitation methods, based on principle of overcoming the learned non-use phenomenon by a specific therapeutic protocol including some behavioral techniques. A classification of currently available studies on the topic have been made on the model of literature review, with an in-depth focus on using Constraint induced movement therapy in occupational therapy for adult patients after stroke who have upper limb motor disorders. The present study is structured into two sections: a theoretical part and an analytic-descriptive one. In theoretical part history of the method is presented together at Basic method principles and detail contents of a therapeutic protocol. The analytical and descriptive section is aimed to analyse international studies important and relevant with respect to an occupational therapy practice. In this second section are also proposed many possible activities of shaping and task practice techniques which can be used by occupational therapists. Translation of the most widely used test (Motor Activity Log and Wolf Motor Function Test) into Czech language is included. Keywords: constraint induced movement therapy, stroke, upper extremity, occupational therapy
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Bocanová, Renata. "Efektivita roboticky asistované terapie prostřednictvím přístroje Armeo Spring u osob po cévní mozkové příhodě na akutních lůžkách včasné rehabilitace." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392700.
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This diploma thesis deals with the issue of robotic-assisted therapy, namely with the mechanical exoskeleton robotic device Armeo Spring, and it is focused on an acute stroke population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a robotic-assisted therapy using Armeo Spring device and to compare it with the efficiency of a common individual occupational therapy focused on improving motor function of upper extremity of patients with the acute stroke. There were 19 patients involved in the research, who were hospitalized in early rehabilitation acute beds. They were selected on the basis of entry criteria and further divided into two groups. An experimental group included 10 participants (n=10), a control group included 9 participants (n=9). The patients in the experimental group using Armeo Spring device underwent four to five 30-minutes therapies per week for three week period, the control group underwent the same amount of individual occupational therapies focused on improving motor function of a paretic upper limp. Each participant, evaluated before and after the intervention, underwent the total number of 12 therapy sessions. In the face of the determined hypothesis, following methods were used to evaluate the sample of patients: Function Independence Measure (FIM) for evaluating...
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Hodboďová, Kateřina. "Klinická využitelnost testu QUEST v ergoterapii pro hodnocení funkce horních končetin u dětí s mozkovou obrnou. Podtitul: QUEST - Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368749.
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OF DIPLOMA THESIS Author: Bc. Kateřina Hodboďová Supervisor: Mgr. Anna Krulová Title: Clinical utility of the QUEST test in occupational therapy for evaluation of the upper extremities function in children with cerebral palsy Subtitle: QUEST - Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test This diploma thesis engages in description of the QUEST (Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test) test and its practical contribution to the practice of occupational therapy. The main aim of the thesis is to demonstrate the utility of the QUEST test as an evaluation of functional capabilities of upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy in Czech occupational therapy practice. The theoretical part provides basic information about cerebral palsy in children, about the possibilities of intervention in occupational therapy focussed on upper extremities, about the importance of assessment in occupational therapy, with an emphasis on the use of standardized evaluation tools in occupational therapy. Big part is also devoted to the characteristics of the foreign test QUEST. It includes information about the origin of the test, psychometric properties and normative data. Furhtermore, the description of the test items, the method of administration and evaluation, as an interpretation of the results are included. The...
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Hoidekrová, Kristýna. "Metodika práce ergoterapeuta u pacientů s myoelektrickou protézou." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351433.
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The aim of this study was to develop methodics of occupational therapy for patients with moelectric prosthesis, which is used by patients with amputation of upper limbs as well as patients with congenital problems. In the Czech republic there are no complex methodics about occupational therapy and myoelectric prosthesis, despite the huge mount of foreign studies of this topic. Myoelectric prosthesis uses the principle of sensing myoelectrical signals which are then transformed to the motor output in the terminal portion of the prosthesis. Occupational therapy intervention begins at the preprosthetic phase, the occupational therapist assesses the general potential for the use of myoelectric prosthesis and picks up myoelectric signals from the stump. In interprosthetic phase occupational therapist is dedicated to the training of activities of daily living with myoelectric prosthesis and training residual stump on the basis of myotest. The phase after prosthetic content of occupational therapy evaluation and assessment, which focus on patients ability of myoelectric control and prosthesis involvement in activities of daily living and training of grip. Within the training of grip, occupational therapist is dedicated to training proper grip within the pace, grip strength and targeted movements. The...
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Čížková, Markéta. "Ergoterapie cílená na poruchy hybnosti horních končetin u dětí školního věku s dětskou mozkovou obrnou." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383948.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental deseases. The brain lesion may disturb upper extremity functioning in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This thesis aims to create a therapeutic program focused on movability of upper limbs in school-aged children with CP and and verify the efficiency of this therapeutic program. Another goal is to consider the applicability of the Jebsen Taylor Test of Hand Function for assessment of hand function in children with CP. The theoretical part deals elaborately with cerebral palsy, therapeutic interventions in children with CP and its efficiency according to the evidence based medicine. This part also deals with standardized assassment tools and pays close attention to the Jebsen Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF) and the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS). The practical part presents six case studies of children with cerebral palsy who attended the occupational therapy three times a week over three weeks. The created therapeutic program includes three areas focused on the bimanual training, grips and grafomotorics. This program was appropriate for four of six children patients. The program was too hard for children with quadruparesis classified as MACS IV. The other children were classified as MACS II. The efficiency of...
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Kulíšková, Kamila. "Terapie pomocí technologie Hand Tutor a její vliv na funkci ruky u pacientů s roztroušenou sklerózou." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404030.
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Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative affection of the central nervous system with various neurological symptoms. Disability of upper extremities with other symptoms leads to impaired ability to work and ADL-activities of daily living. The purpose of the pilot study was to evaluate the effect of hand training with the Hand Tutor® rehabilitation system. Methods: The study involved 9 probands, completed 6 probands (2 females and 4 males) at an average age of 36 (SD 4), with a mean disease duration of 13 years (SD 4). Patients received a series of 10 Hand Tutor® therapies, 1-2 times a week. The effect of the therapy was evaluated using the Nine Hole Peg Test (9HPT), the Modified Frenchay Scale and the subjective evaluation of the probands. Results: Before the therapies, the average performance in the 9HPT test was 85 seconds and 83 points in the Modified Frenchay scale. After the therapies, the average 9HPT performance was 67 seconds and 86 points in the Modified Frenchay scale. According to the subjective evaluation of probands, the therapy had a positive effect on the tremor of the upper limb and on the use of the upper limb in the ADL. Conclusion: Therapy with a special rehabilitation system provides patients with MS with more intensive hand training using...
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Oktábcová, Alice. "Využití roboticky asistované terapie ruky u pacientů po cévní mozkové příhodě v chronické fázi: follow up studie aplikace přístroje AMADEO." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351417.
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Name: Alice Oktábcová Supervisor: Mgr. et Mgr. Jaromíra Uhlířová Oponent: ……………. Diploma thesis: The Application of Robot-Assisted Therapy of Hand after Stroke: Follow-Up Trial of Application of AMADEO Instrument Key words: stroke, robot-assisted therapy, Amadeo Instrument, follow-up study, upper extremity In recent years, western countries noted a gradual increase in stroke survivors. Stroke can cause motor activity impairment and also senzoric and cognitive disorders which lead into restriction of participation of activities of daily living and also reduction of social and community activities. Functional improvment of upper and lower extremity after stroke is a very complex proces which has to be solved in multidiscplinary and multifactorial approach in result of every stroke survivor to live in the most independent way as possible. Robot-assisted therapy for motor recovery could be a successful way to improve motor activity of stroke survivors. Amadeo Instrument is one of robot-assisted therapy for hand rehabilitation of stroke survivors. This instrument can be described as final effector without exoskeleton which allows functional motor therapy for fingers and also a motivational feedback. Amadeo therapy can be passive, assisted, active and also interactive. The aim of this thesis is to...
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Pavelka, Radim. "Kineziologická analýza úderu horní končetinou ve sportovním karate." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312101.
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I ABSTRACT Title: Kinesiological analysis of upper limb punch strike in sports karate. Aim of work: The aim of this thesis to describe and characterize the muscle involement in direct punch strike in karate. Then compared with the exercises, which are characteristic to karate - strikes with resistence and push-up exercise. Methods: Work is processed by a comparative analysis of selected movements based on the determination of muscle activation. The surface electromyography method synchronized with video and accelerometer was used in this work. Results: The result is describtion of selcted movements on the basis of muscle activation and function of selected muscles. The prove that the forearm extensors are activated as the last of the selcted muscles was managed. On the basis of karate technique and anatomy we confirmed important role of forearm extensor by direct punch in karate. The difference between onset time muscle activation by strikes and push up was found. Maximum speed of acral part of the upper limb by direct punch was established. Keywords: Electromyography (EMG), karate, direct punch - gyakucuki, accelrometer
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Štumpfová, Lenka. "Analýza zapojení svalů horní končetiny při hře na bicí nástroje." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348641.
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Title: Analysis of upper limbs muscles involvement during playing the drums. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compile information about playing the drums and summerize the most frequent musculosceletal disorders of upper extremities of these musicians. The main aim is analyzing and comparing the involvement of muscles or muscles groups of the right upper limb while drumming. Methods: The theoretical part follows up the given issue as a research and theoretical overview of the current findings based on czech and foreign literature. The practical part is dedicated to evaluation of surface electromyography and 3D kinematics analyses of movements while drumming under specified conditions of one single proband. Results: Results of measurement demonstrate that m. biceps brachii is the most active muscle during playing on hi-hat, snare drum and floor tom with forte dynamics and m. extenzor carpi uln. is is the most muscle active during play with piano dynamics. Wrist flexors were the least active during all measurements. M. extenzor carpi rad. was measured too and its activity was on second place. A close relation between changes of muscles activity and changes of angles of the elbow and wrist have not been established in this study. This research was implemented only with one proband so the...
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Loučková, Zuzana. "Elektromyografická analýza vlivu vibrační čínky na vybrané svaly horní končetiny." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310890.
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Title: Electromyographic analysis of the influence of vibrating dumbbell on upper extremity muscles Objective: The main purpose of this study was to compare the electric activity of m. biceps and triceps brachii, and upper and lower part of m. trapezius, during exercises both with a vibrating dumbbell, and a dumbbell without vibrations. Furthermore, our objective was to compare the muscle activity during static stress (dumbbell kept in one position), and dynamic stress with the vibrating dumbbell (moving in the elbow joint). Methods: Surface electromyography was chosen as an objectification method. Nine healthy women of age between 23 and 26 years participated in this study. A dumbbell of 1, 5 kg weight, 36 Hz vibrating frequency and 1,3 mm amplitude was used. Results: An increase of electrical activity can be observed in all assessed muscles when stimulated with vibrations. However, this increase can be considered as statistically significant only in case of static stress of the m. biceps and triceps brachii. Results also indicate high activity of the upper part of m. trapezius during exercise with activated vibrations. Key words: vibrations, vibrating dumbbell, vibration training, electromyographic analysis
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Víšková, Anna. "Kineziologická analýza funkce vybraných svalů horní končetiny po augmentaci ženských prsů." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295938.
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Summary: Title: Kinesiologic analysis of function of selected upper limb muscles after female breast augmentation Objectives: The aim of this research is to analyze the functionality and scope of involvement of the injured muscles due to plastic surgical augmentation procedure at pre-selected physical activities before and after surgery a few months later (specifically, three months - the time the patient left the recovery) using a noninvasive surface electromyography (EMG). Methods: A Case Study measuring method of noninvasive surface electromyography in combination with the method of temporal phase shifts involved in the activation of muscle movement, accompanied by a support method of integrated EMG. Results: There differences have been observed in the timing of individual muscles measured during performing selected testing exercises before and after completion of the augmentation plastic surgery operatios. Furthermore, the possibility of the loss of muscle strength has been detected by some measured muscles and this has the potential to take over functions of damaged muscles. Key words: plastic surgery, female breast augmentation, surface electromyography, upper limb muscles, musculus pectoralis major
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Jurková, Magdalena. "Vliv aplikace specifického kinesio tapu lopatky na kvalitu pohybu horní končetiny." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349025.
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Title: The effect of scapular specific kinesio tape on the movement quality of the upper limb. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of specific kinesio tape of shoulder blade on the quality of the movement of the upper limb. Currently, kinesio taping is very popular method in the treatment of myoskeletal diseases. Kinesio taping is mostly used by athletes, however the method becomes one of the common methods in physiotherapist practice. In this diploma thesis, specific method of kinesio taping was used. The method is focused on the facilitation of the lower blade fixators and is frequently used. Positive effect of the method on the position of the shoulder joint is obvious. The movement quality of the upper limb is represented by visual motor skills coordination, which was objectified with selected testing method. The prerequisite is a close relation between the position of the shoulder girdle with the function of the hand. Centred position of the shoulder blade ensured with the fixation of the lower blade fixators allows precise movement of the entire upper limb. The diploma thesis was focused on the population of people working on a computer. This way of working is now the most common cause of pain for patients who visit a physiotherapist. Measurement was attended by...
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Medková, Lia. "Vliv poruchy čití na funkci horní končetiny u pacientů po poškození mozku." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398614.
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OF DIPLOMA THESIS Name and surname: Bc. Lia Medková Thesis supervisor: MUDr. Yvona Angerová, Ph. D., MBA Referee: Title thesis: The effect of sensation disorders on upper limb function in patients after brain injury Abstract The aim of this thesis was to determine The effect of sensation disorders on upper limb function in patients after brain injury. Method: The research for this thesis involved non-experimental pre-research and quasiexperiments. The thesis' theoretical hypothesis was developed on the basis of previous studies that had looked at the effect of brain damage on patients' upper limb function. A total of twenty patients between the ages of 20 - 59 were selected to participate in the empirical study reported in this thesis. All participating patients had suffered damage to their cerebral cortex. The causes of their brain damage included strokes, trauma and tumor. The participants were divided into two groups of ten using the Nottingham Sensory Assessment. Participants with sensory disorders were allocated to the experimental group. Participants without sensory disorders were placed in the control group. The Jebsen-Taylor test was performed on all participants to assess their upper limb function after they had suffered brain damage. Results: Hypothesis thesis: Disorders of superficial,...
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Boráňová, Martina. "Srovnání stereognozie a palestezie preferované a nepreferované horní končetiny u studentů fyzioterapie." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324842.
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Title: The comparison of stereognosis and pallesthesia of the preferred and non-preferred upper extremity in students of physiotherapy Objectives: To the objectives of the work belong the processing and compilation of information concerning laterality and sensation in the region of the upper extremities, then to evaluate the preference of the upper extremity by means of elected tests in 30 students of physiotherapy and to evaluate, whether the sensitivity of stereognosis and pallesthesia is higher in the region of the non- preferred upper extremity than in the region of the preferred upper extremity or whether the sensitivity of stereognosis and pallesthesia both of the upper extremities do not differ. Methods: The tasks of the work were dealt with four tests directed to the examination of preference, stereognosis and pallesthesia in the region of upper extremities. The statistic analysis of the results of the examination was carried out by means of paired t-test. Results: In the examination of pallesthesia in the region of processus styloideus radii and in the examination of stereognosis the null-hypothesis, that the sensitivity of pallesthesia / stereognosis examined by selected test in the region of preferred and non-preferred upper extremity in students of physiotherapy does not differ, was at...
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Pilsová, Zuzana. "Funkční elektrická stimulace paretické horní končetiny u pacientů po cévní mozkové příhodě." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357257.
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This study aims to evaluate the effects of functional electrical stimulation on motor and functional abilities of paretic upper limb in patients after stroke. Specifically detects the immediate effect of functional electrostimulation on the increase of the active range of motion, reduction of the hand spasticity degree and the improvement of functional performance. The research covered a total of 6 patients after first stroke in the basin aretria middle cerebral artery. The research sample had a homogeneous distribution of the paresis heaviness from light, moderate, to severe. The research was conducted in total of three weeks, every working day, 60 minutes a day, with 30 minutes of indicated electrostimulation and 30 minutes of testing of monitored parameters. Patients were evaluated using the Modified Frenchay scale, Modified Tardieu scale and the range of motion goniometer. Research showed in 60 observations that the functional electrical stimulation has immediate and significant effect on increasing the active range of dorsal flexion motion of the wrist (p-value 0.043). The average improvement on 95% interval estimation is 0.08. During the monitoring of the improvement of the active range of wrist dorsal flexion motion between input and output examination there was no statistically significant...
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Hejkalová, Barbora. "Vliv nespecifického cvičení na koordinaci horních končetin plaveckého způsobu kraul." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-370124.
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Title: The impact of nonspecific exercise on the coordination of the upper extremities in swimming style crawl Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the exercise alternating circling of the upper extremities in standing applied during the swimming lessons has impact on improving technically swimming style crawl. Methods: The research involved 30 probands of the 1st degree of Faculty of Physical Education of Sport Charles University who have never taken part in swimming training. During the research was used only non-invasive methods. The measurement of height of body, upper extremity range and body composition on TANITA device. Testing was carried out in the laboratories of sports motorics at Faculty of Physical Education of Sport in Charles' University. Than testing in swimming pool was attended a swimming test at the distance of 25 and 50 m. Probands were testing in time and it was calculated number of strokes in a swimming test at the distance of 25 to 50 m. Results: In the swimming test of 25 m distance it was statistically significant change in overall performance, only a high degree of material significance was confirmed in the frequency of the strokes. In the swimming test of 50 m distance we recorded a statistically significant change in the overall performance only in...
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Fialová, Tereza. "Využití ortéz u dospělých pacientů se spasticitou horní končetiny po cévní mozkové příhodě." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357259.
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The submitted diploma thesis shows overview of the problem using upper extremity orthoses for adult with spasticity after the stroke. The aim of the thesis is to explore possibilities of using orthoses at different stages of the spasticity development. The theoretical part includes main information about the important point from central motoneuron disorder, it means spasticity. There is information about materials, production, availability and usability in various types of orthoses. Main part of the theoretical section shows research studies and available literature, which interprets using kinds of orthoses in various time when the spasticity was developed. The theoretical part follows the practical part. In the practical part are demonstrated available possibilities of using orthoses for interference spasticity in the upper extremity. For the practical part were chosen three groups of patients and each group of patients represents one case study. In the thesis are represented patients in acute, subacute and chronic stadium after the stroke. In each stadium were used different kind of orthoses: neoprene brace for acute, static-progressive for subacute and static thermoplastic for the chronic stadium. The measurement neuromuscular parameters were conducted according to Five steps clinical...
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Vítková, Markéta. "Analýza okamžitého vlivu kinesiotapingu na horní končetiny při pádu do kliku v gymnastickém aerobiku." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408347.
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Title: Analysis of the immediate effect of kinesiotaping on the upper limbs when landing into a press-up position when doing gymnastic aerobics Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out if the use of the tape on the upper limbs changes the acceleration associated with the reaction inertial force of the arm, the angle in the elbow joint and wrist when landing into the press-up position, as well as subjective evaluation of probands. The hypothesis for the practical part is that the angles in the joints mentioned and the magnitude of the force with the applied tap change, which would result in better stabilization of the upper limbs in this element, as well as positive evaluation of the probands. Methods: The theoretical part deals with kinesiological-biomechanical description of upper limbs and the characteristics of gymnastic aerobics. Moreover, biomechanical analysis and kinesiotaping are described. The practical part is devoted to the measurement of landings into the press-up position first without tape and then with tape. The tape is described in detail. The XSens MVN was used to record motion. Results: The results showed that kinesiotape had no effect on the angle of the elbow and wrist joints or shoulder joints when landing into the press-up position. However, a positive...
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Véle, Dominik. "Direkcionální asymetrie aktivity svalů horní končetiny a zad při nátahu luku; implikace pro bioarcheologii." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415808.
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This theses explores muscle activity during bow draw. The goal of his study is to evaluate whether muscle activity corresponds with increase in mechanical robusticity of the left humerus found in mezolithic osteological material. Muscle activity is measured by the means of surface electromyography. We measure activity of arm and back muscles. Activity was measured on m. deltoideus, m. infraspinatus, m. biceps brachii, m. triceps brachii and m. latissimus dorsi. Muscle activity was measured on 20 male archers, during bow draw of three wooden long-bows. Results of this study support the idea that change in robusticity of the left humerus could be caused by frequent bow use in post-glacial Europe.
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Dzvoník, Ján. "Proximální dynamická stabilizace ramenního pletence a její vliv na sílu akrálních svalů horní končetiny." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307806.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of dynamic stabilizing strategy on handgrip and pinchgrip strength. Exercise utilized in this study was based on rehabilitative approach called Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) - a developmental kinesiology approach. The exercise program consisted of four primal developmental positions (3½ month supine position, oblique sitting position with support on forearm, position on all fours, and the "bear" position). A study file consisted of ten females who were instructed in basic scheme of DNS exercise. They were instructed to exercise at home five times weekly for a 6- weeks period. One exercise lesson took about thirty minutes. Both handgrip and pinchgrip strength was measured using the digital dynamometer CITEC CT 3001 recording maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Three-pinch grip strength and fist grip strength was measured for both upper extremities. Fist grip strength was measured in three positions of forearm (pronation, supination and neutral position). Overall eight variables (for each extremity, grip form and position of the forearm) measured before and after exercise program were compared using the paired t-test. Significant increase in muscle strength (p<0,05) was identified for all eight variables after a 6 weeks exercise...
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Maleš, Jan. "Hodnocení efektivity používání myoelektrické protézy u jedinců s vrozenou či získanou amputací horní končetiny." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-451055.
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Thesis title: Evaluation of effectiveness of using myoelectric prosthesis by people with congenital or acquired amputation of the upper limb Aims: The aim of my thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of myoelectric prosthesis using by people with upper limb amputation. Find out how effectively users are able to manage individual tasks with myoprosthesis and basic ADL activities. Methodology: The research group consisted of 6 people with upper limb amputation. In this thesis, there were used three methods of data collection. The first method that was applied was a survey, which was used to obtain anamnestic data by the research group. The second method of data collection was the observation of probands during the performance of individual tasks. The third chosen method was measurement by using a special test aimed at evaluation of the effectiveness while using and the involvement of myorpothesis in the locomotor chain against a healthy upper limb. Results: Based on observations and measurements, it was performed that all probands are able to functionally and effectively involve the myoprosthesis in the locomotor chain in the performance of individual tasks. Another positive result of this thesis was the finding that all probands obtained in the test over 50% rate of effective use when comparing the...
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Ballýová, Monika. "Vliv klenby a nastavení akra horní končetiny v opoře na koaktivaci svalových řetězců - pilotní studie." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343056.
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Bibliografický záznam BALLÝOVÁ, Monika. Impact of Arches and Acral Parts of Upper Limbs in Prop up Position on Coactivation of Muscle Chains - Pilot Study. Prague: Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports, 2016, 70 p., Supervisor: PhDr. Ingrid Palaščáková Špringrová, Ph.D. Abstract The Acral Coactivation Therapy, based on neurophysiology, is a method the principle of which consists in propping up on acral parts of the limbs with the aim to coactivate ventral and dorsal muscle chains in order to center the root joints and to straighten the axial skeleton subsequently. The practical part of the thesis is aimed at verification of the Acral Coactivation Therapy principles. Two groups of individuals were objects of the research: mountaineers and general population. Normal arches of upper limbs statistically prevailed in the group of the mountaineers, which proves the impact of regular physical activity on musculoskeletal system and its function. Surface electromyography recorded the impact of correction of the acral part on change in muscular activity. The results of the electromyographic measurement showed the same trends in muscular activity changes as the outcomes resulting from the Acral Coactivation Therapy. Statistically, the most substantial changes were...
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Trpková, Jana. "Monitoring pohybových funkcí horní končetiny u pacientů po získaném poškození mozku pomocí akcelerometru z pohledu ergoterapeuta." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392712.
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This diploma thesis deals with monitoring the movement of the upper limbs in patients after acquired brain injury using an accelerometer. The diploma thesis is processed from the perspective of occupational therapy. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The main objective of the theoretical part is to collect specialist literature about monitoring the movement of the upper limbs by accelerometer in rehabilitation, especially in the occupational therapy. The practical part of the thesis has three objectives. The first objective is to find out whether monitoring of the upper limbs using the accelerometer in patients after acquired brain injury will lead to an objective improvement of the activity of daily living (ADL) in the areas of eating, washing and dressing. The second objective is to find out whether monitoring of the upper limbs using the accelerometer in patients after acquired brain injury will lead to subjective improvement in the same ADLs, and the third objective is to compare whether objective and subjective improvement is related. The practical part was prepared in the form of pilot studies. Quantitative research was used, specifically the type of pre-experiment - One Group Pretest Posttest Design. The study included 14 patients after acquired brain injury. The...
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Musálek, Martin. "Tvorba testových baterií pro diagnostiku motorických projevů laterality - vztah mezi mozečkovou dominancí a výkonností horní končetiny." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326904.
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The aim of this study is to contribute to the standardization of the new diagnostic tools assessing the motor manifestations of laterality in adults and children aged 8 to 10 years, both in terms of determining the theoretical concept and the selection of appropriate items, and the verification of structural hypotheses concerning the design of acceptable models, including the diagnostic quality of individual parts of the test battery. Moreover in this study we try to suggest new approach in assessing of motor laterality manifestation by means of relationship between cerebellar dominance and hand performance. The first part of this thesis deals with the concept of laterality, its manifestations and meaning in non-living systems and living organisms. As a human characteristic, laterality is manifested in a variety of functional and structural asymmetries. This part also discusses ways of diagnosing motor manifestations of laterality and the issue of cerebellar dominance, including its reflection in the form of asymmetry of the extinction physiological syndrome of upper limbs. The second part focuses on the process of the standardization study, the statistical method of structural equation modelling, and the actual design of test battery construction. The last part of this thesis presents the results...
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Miczová, Sára. "Návrh doporučeného postupu v ergoterapii s funkční poruchou horní končetiny po cévní mozkové příhodě v subakutní fázi." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409636.
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Author's name: Bc. Sára Miczová Supervisor:: Mgr. Miriama Dědková, DiS Opponent: Thesis title: Occupational therapy practise guidelines in patients with functional upper limb impairment after stroke in subacute phase To be able to provide occupational therapy intervention of high quality the occupatioal therpaists should rely on relevant standards of clinical care and clinical guidelines. (Švestková, 2018). Occupational therapists as well as other members of the interdisciplinar team provide professional care to the patients recovering from stroke. Those patients often have to deal with upper limb impairment which leads to decrese of quality of life. Relevant studies focused on this topic were searched via key words in PubMed, Web of Science and OVID Evidence Based Medicine Reviews databasis. The criterias of selection were: public access to the content, english language which were mainly focused on stroke patients rehabilitation. The suggestion of guideline was created based on methods accepted by department. The occupational therapist as well as physiotherapeutist of early rehabilitation were included in the process of creating the guideline using the GRADE programme for it. Only 48 out of 4054 studies were used, these were divided into two cathegories, one being the cathegory of assessment, the...
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Kružík, Josef. "Porovnání parametrů měření pohybu horních končetin na suchu a ve vodě." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437818.
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Title: Comparison of parameters for measuring the movement of the upper limbs on land and water. The Aim: The aim of this work is to compare selected parameters of swimming performance and technique, obtained in a 25m pool, in a pool with countercurrent (Flum) and on a biokinetic simulator Biokinetic. The Methods: The data used in the diploma thesis were obtained by direct measurements in the swimming pool, in Flum and by means of the Biokinetic swimming simulator. SmartPaddles were used to collect data. The data were then evaluated by Trainsense software and processed into tables and graphs. The Results: Based on the results, we can state that the highest power (W) was always delivered on the Biokinetic. The biggest difference between the average performances of upper limb was in the right hand during the crawl, when the hand on the Biokinetic (257 N) gave 701% of the performance of the right hand in the pool (42.53 N). The results of the average force of the upper limb propulsion for Butterfly in the pool were 19.08 N for the right hand and 17.21 N for the left hand. For Butterfly in the Flum were 13.68 N for the right hand and 11.93 N for the left hand. During the crawl, the proband generated 12.66 N with the right hand and 13.96 N with the left hand. When swimming in Flum, the force values for...
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Nývltová, Marcela. "Objektivizace poruch jemné motoriky horních končetin u pacientů s vrozenými neuropatiemi." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-281145.
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In the first part of the thesis Objectification of disorders of the fine motor skills of the upper extremities in the patients with hereditary neuropathies there are mentioned some brief informations about characteristics, classifications, clinical symptoms, deformities and testing of upper extremities, rehabilitation and treatment of CMT neuropathy. The practical part of this thesis is concerned with testing and evaluating of strength, fine motor skills and sensation of the upper extremities in the patients with CMT. For the measurement of the hand strenght the dynamometry and the functional muscle test are used. The Jebsen-Taylor test, the Nine-Hole Peg Test and the examination of static and dynamic handgrip rating are used. For the examination of the sensation the Nottingham Sensory Assessment is used. CMT neuropathy score and Overall Neuropathy Disability Scaleare are used for the classification of disability. The aim of this thesis is the comparison of the muscle strength and the function of the dominant and non-dominant hand. Partial aim of thesis is detection of the correlations between tests. According to the results CMT disease leads to the muscle strenght weakness and to worsening of the fine motor skills mainly of the dominant upper extremity. This may be the result of overwork weakness. For...
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Sládková, Petra. "Funkční hodnocení motoriky u pacientů s poškozením mozku před zahájením a po ukončení intenzivní rehabilitace (s cílem dosažení obnovy fyziologických funkcí horní končetiny)." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328204.
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6 Abstract The rehabilitation of patients with brain damage is an interprofessional, complex, intensive, long-lasting and individually oriented process. One frequent consequence of brain damage is hemiparesis, which also causes a disorder of the upper extremity movement pattern. The movement ability of the upper extremity is essential for an individual's self-sufficiency, the performance of common daily activities, and thus for an independent life in a family setting. Special therapeutic rehabilitation approaches should involve the training of new activities, including the motor learning mechanism that activates brain plasticity. A functional reorganization of the motor cortex occurs along with the activation of reserve neurons and the replacement of damaged synapses. One of the aims of this work was to demonstrate, using objective function methods, the possibility of influencing the movement patterns of a paretic upper extremity by means of intensive interprofessional rehabilitation even several years after the brain damage. The second aim was to demonstrate that the monitoring of motor functions in patients after brain damage leads to improved motivation, thereby improving motor functions. A study was conducted among 55 selected patients after brain damage with central hemiparesis who participated in the...
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Plandorová, Michaela. "Využití zpětnovazebných míčků SunBall k funkční diagnostice ruky a terapii úchopů." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411863.
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The diploma thesis explores the use biofeedback balls called SunBall® as a possible alternative in hand diagnostics and grip therapy in occupational therapy practice. This thesis includes theoretical knowledge about stroke with emphasis on upper limb from the point of view of occupational therapist. It describes the types of grips and discusses the use of a robotic biofeedback in occupational therapy practice. It includes basic information about SunBall® machine, which is used in the practical part of the thesis. The practical part of the thesis evaluates the benefit of the machine in interventions with patients after stroke in subacute and chronic phase. It also presents its possibilities of use in hand diagnostics. Performing these results objectively was achieved by the use of specific occupational therapy examination and also by standardized method, such as modified Ashworth scale, Jamar dynamometer or goninometric measurement. As the results of this thesis show, there is an apparent positive influence on the upper limb and grip therapy according to the disability of probands. There was no success in finding an appropriate application of the measured modalities of the machine in the area of upper limb and grip diagnostics.
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Vyhnálková, Lenka. "Využití Mirror terapie u pacientů po poškození mozku z pohledu ergotgerapeuta." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347660.
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The purpose of this Master thesis was to evaluate the effects of the Mirror program on upper- limb motor recovery, self-sufficiency and active range of wrist movement in patients after brain injury. It was included sixteen participants within maximal four months after stroke. Patients were separated into experimental and control group, both with eight members. Experimental group underwent Mirror therapy. Both group participated in a standard rehabilitation program included Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, physical therapy and movement practice on device. Experimental group patients additionally participated in Mirror therapy program for 30 mins, four times a week, for three weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Functional Independence Measure and goniometric measurement of active movement were used to assess recovery of upper-limb movement. Mirror therapy improve upper-limb motor recovery in patients after brain injury. This research demonstrates it with significant difference between both groups, where the experimental group have improved (0,02). I have also proved Mirror therapy, when included in occupational therapy, improves the self-sufficiency of people with neurological deficit. Comparing the data from Functional Independence Measurement, I found the difference between groups statistically...
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Kohutová, Veronika. "Vliv Vojtovy reflexní lokomoce na pohybový aparát u pacientů s míšním poškozením." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322698.
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The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the Vojta method therapy impact to the muscles function of the upper limbs of patients with tetraplegia. This is a pilot study, which was attended by five probands. To objectify the results, the method of surface electromyography was adopted. EMG activity of 14 muscles of the upper limbs and shoulder girdle during selected movements before and after therapy was recorded. The choice of therapeutic positions and activation zones was individual. Although a few muscles show significant changes, statistically considerable influence of the therapy cannot be confirmed from the obtained results. But from the point of view of clinical observation and patients 'subjective feelings an obvious difference can be seen. Therefore, it may be in the future advantageous to monitor the impact of Vojta method to locomotor system through clinical methods such as functional tests, tests of independence, range of motion or kinematic analysis.
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Typovská, Andrea. "Využití standardizovaného ergoterapeutického nástroje "Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)"." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411744.
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The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) is a standardized tool, which is used for fine and gross motor skills evaluation of hemiparetic patients after stroke. It is widely used abroad thanks to its excellent psychometric properties and easy administration. It is also used in many foreign studies to evaluate the function of upper extremity, especially for neurological patients. Unfortunately, so far it has been used only sporadically in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part of this thesis the ARAT and the Modified Frenchay Scale (referred as "MFS") is described. In the practical part, the MFS is compared with the ARAT. The main aim of this diploma thesis is a pilot comparison of sensitivity of upper limb motor skills evaluation done by ARAT and MFS. Thirty patients after stroke were tested in the Rehabilitation Center Kladruby in three weeks. They were further divided into three intervention groups according to the severity of the paresis (light, medium, heavy). The analysis of the results shows that the sensitivity of both diagnostic tools is statistically comparable. According to the Spearman correlation coefficient, the ARAT and the MFS correlate very strongly in range of 0.96-0.98. The greatest differences were measured in the group of patients with moderate hemiparesis. In this group, the...
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Krátká, Monika. "Vliv polohy těla na sílu úchopu u spinálních pacientů." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-369092.
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This master's thesis deal with the ability to maintain trunk stability in paraplegic patients in the relation to the functional skills of upper extremity. Its aim is to determine the extent to which posture influences grip strength in these persons. It consists of two parts. The first part includes introduction of the spinal cord injury and findings of the mechanisms and functional significance of the torso in relation to posture and everyday activities. Further, it presents the possibilities of utilization and different ways of measurement of grip strength in clinical practice. In the second part, the results of the measurement of grip strength in paraplegic persons in three different positions - lying on the back and in two different sitting positions - are analyzed. The measurements were undertaken using a dynamometer. It was measured twice, always after one week period. All patients attend the standard therapy provided by the Spinal Unit in the University Hospital in Motol, where they have been also hospitalized in that time. The results refer to certain dependency of gripstrength of upper extremity to posture in paraplegic persons. This was proved within the comparison of values from sitting position with back support and without back support. In the first named position were reached higher...