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Journal articles on the topic 'Horror Fiction'
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1
Nykytchenko, Kateryna P., and Halyna V. Onyshchak. "TRANSLATION, MULTIMODALITY AND HORROR FICTION." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 26/2 (December 26, 2023): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2023-2-26/2-16.
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The paper outlines a framework for approaching the complexities of translating multimodal means in horror fiction. Nowadays, the horror genre is reaching its peak, becoming the most remarkable mass product in demand. It is sharply distinguished from other literary genres due to generating a morbid mood and heart-stopping suspense in the textual canvas. From this perspective, the research aims to identify multimodal means essential for creating suspense in King’s horror novels “Pet Sematary” (1983) and “Outsider” (2018) and determine the translation strategies used to render them into Ukrainian. In this regard, multimodal means stir fresh interest since they implicitly complement and clarify the information transmitted verbally. The research framework is designed with two primary objectives. Firstly, to disclose the phonic and graphic means utilized in recreating horror imagery in the TL text. Secondly, to examine the translation strategies employed in rendering the multimodal means into the TL. The principles of the comparative approach were chosen to identify the similarities and differences between translation strategies in the analyzed texts. The research methodology adopted in this study enables a comprehensive study of the multimodal means in the horror fiction genre, employing a meticulous approach that involves data collection, analysis, and interpretation through the lens of translation strategies, contextual and pragmatic analyses. The conducted research reveals the involvement of phonic and graphic means to influence the readership unconsciously. The frequency of phonic means depends on the context of their occurrence. Graphic means are represented by syngraphemic, supragraphemic, and topographemic elements. To render the sense of the SL adequately and meet the TL audience expectations, the translators of “Pet Sematary” and “Outsider” advocated semantic, grammatical, and pragmatic translation strategies. Synonymous and contextual substitution, loan, antonymous and descriptive translation, addition, and compression proved to be the dominant translation transformations. The in-depth analysis has shown that the translators faced multiple hindrances, making some errors in encoding polysemiotic signs. However, the TL version makes sense, undeniably affecting the reader and retaining the author’s communicative intent.
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Middleton, Jason. "Documentary Horror: The Transmodal Power of Indexical Violence." Journal of Visual Culture 14, no. 3 (December 2015): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412915607913.
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This article reevaluates critical distinctions between so-called ‘art-horror’ and ‘natural’ or real-world horror to challenge larger modal distinctions between fiction and documentary film and their ostensibly divergent spectatorial practices. It focuses on images of animal slaughter, which traverse boundaries between fiction and documentary, art-horror and natural horror. The indexical force of animal slaughter may displace or undo the metaphorical in fictional horror film, producing a spectatorial wavering between the registers of the figurative and the literal. Shaun Monson’s documentary film Earthlings (2005) demands of viewers a mode of spectatorial discipline derived from the horror film experience. Earthlings and its viewer reaction videos reinvent the collective performance of terror among theatrical horror film audiences for a documentary context and for online media platforms like YouTube. Earthlings functions as a form of spreadable media in which viewers’ horrified reactions are harnessed in the production of knowledge and political commitment.
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Elmore, Jonathan. "Terrestrial Horror or the Marriage between Horror Fiction and Cli-Fi: What the Language of Horror can Teach us about Climate Change." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 4, no. 3 (August 5, 2022): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v4i3.985.
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This paper focuses on the dystopian camp of climate fiction and its affinities with another fiction genre: horror. During cli-fi’s rise, horror has enjoyed a resurgence of popular interest and sustained and reinvigorated scholarly interest in the past few years. While horror and dystopian cli-fi have different roots and conceptual underpinnings, there are points of contact between the genres, when the horrible in horror fiction spawns from environmental collapse or when the climatic in cli-fi drives what horrifies. My central claim is that these contact points, the overlap between cli-fi and horror fiction, become critical research nodes for developing the necessary societal, cultural, and intellectual framework for living in a destroyed world. I suggest a label for the crossover between cli-fi and horror fiction: terrestrial horror. Analyzing multiple texts within this subgenre renders visible the societal, cultural, and intellectual changes necessary for the kinds of posthumanism needed in a destroyed world.
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d’Hont, Coco. "The (un)death of the author: Authorship as horror trope in Stephen King’s fiction." Horror Studies 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00036_1.
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Both in his fiction and in his non-fiction, Stephen King has reflected in more depth on authorship than most of his peers. Critically negotiating Roland Barthes’s declaration of the death of the Author (1967), King ‘resurrects’ the author persona in his fiction and turns it into an ‘undead’ horror trope. This article explores how this narrative mechanism operates in four King novels: Misery, The Dark Half, Bag of Bones and Lisey’s Story. King’s development of authorship into a fictional horror trope, the analysis demonstrates, metaphorically negotiates King’s anxiety regarding his own authorship and its literary status.
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Malykh, Vyacheslav Sergeevich. "RUSSIAN AND AMERICAN HORROR FICTION AS A GENRE, CREATIVE WRITING AND EDUCATIONAL PHENOMENON: A PROBLEM STATEMENT." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2019-11-63-69.
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Although the genre of horror has gained an extraordinary popularity in contemporary literature, it still raises controversy among specialists. The situation in Russia is especially complicated. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Russian horror fiction used to develop concurrently with the evolution of horror genre in the U.S., but after the revolution of 1917 and until the late 1980s this tradition was interrupted in Russia. Therefore, nowadays the question “What is horror fiction?” is unclear for Russian philologists, the question “How to write horror fiction?” is unclear for Russian writers, and including the horror genre in literature syllabus is regarded by Russian professors and teachers as a forbidden topic. The situation is different in the United States where a long-standing tradition of interpreting the category of the horrible has been created. Modern American scientists, philosophers, writers and educators agree that horror fiction in its best manifestations touches upon essential problems of a human soul. It allows to exert a powerful positive influence on the formation and development of a personality. Throughout the 20th century, the genre of horror was systematically evolving in the U.S., and as of today, it is American horror fiction that sets the standards of the genre all over the world. The aim of this research is to describe horror fiction as a dynamically developing genre from three points of view: 1) through comparative and genre analyzis of horror fiction in the U.S. and Russia; 2) by studying narrative strategies which are used by horror writers in the U.S.; 3) by surveying principles of teaching the horror genre in an American multicultural educational environment. After experiencing decades of oblivion, the genre of horror can revive in Russia thanks to the critical mastering of the U.S. experience, where the genre tradition has never been interrupted. A list of bibliography is attached to help beginner researchers with their study of the subject.
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Reynolds, Kimberley. "FRIGHTENING FICTION: BEYOND HORROR." New Review of Children's Literature and Librarianship 11, no. 2 (November 2005): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614540500324146.
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Clasen, Mathias. "Monsters Evolve: A Biocultural Approach to Horror Stories." Review of General Psychology 16, no. 2 (June 2012): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027918.
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Horror fiction is a thriving industry. Many consumers pay hard-earned money to be scared witless by films, books, and computer games. The well-told horror story can affect even the most obstinate skeptic. How and why does horror fiction work? Why are people so fascinated with monsters? Why do horror stories generally travel well across cultural borders, if all they do is encode salient culturally contingent anxieties, as some horror scholars have claimed? I argue that an evolutionary perspective is useful in explaining the appeal of horror, but also that this perspective cannot stand alone. An exhaustive, vertically integrated theory of horror fiction incorporates the cultural dimension. I make the case for a biocultural approach, one that recognizes evolutionary underpinnings and cultural variation.
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Williams, Anne. "The Horror, The Horror: Recent Studies in Gothic Fiction." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 46, no. 3 (2000): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.2000.0059.
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Antonyan, Zaruhi. "LINGUO-STYLISTICS OF HORROR IN E. A. POE’S SHORT STORIES." Armenian Folia Anglistika 20, no. 1 (29) (May 15, 2024): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2024.20.1.80.
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Horror is a genre of science fiction which is intended to, or has the capacity to frighten, scare or disgust the readers by inducing feelings of horror and terror. This piece of fiction in prose of variable length also shocks and startles the readers inducing feelings of repulsion or loathing through creating a frightening atmosphere. Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural. Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society. The present investigation of horror in E. A. Poe’s short stories through the linguo-stylistic and case study methods of analyses aims to disclose the very distinct role of horror fiction in the perspective of human emotions – a kind of “mediator” between the world and its reflection in the language. The results show that emotions as a psychological, physiological and philosophical phenomenon verbally reproduce the emotional attitude of the person towards the world, that emotions are contained, fixed, expressed and indicated in utterances in the form of ideas – and as such – emotions are a perfect object of linguo-stylistic study.
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Le, Vincent. "Philosophy’s dark heir: On Nick Land’s abstract horror fiction." Horror Studies 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00009_1.
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Nick Land is a British philosopher who developed a compelling transcendental materialist critique of anthropocentric philosophies throughout the 1990s before leaving academia at the turn of the century and moving to Shanghai. While he is now best known for his controversial pro-capitalist political writings, he has also recently developed a theory of what he calls ‘abstract horror fiction’, as well as applied it in practice by writing two abstract horror novellas. Although one might think that Land’s horror fiction, like his recent far-right politics, marks a new and independent body of work from his earlier academic writings as a philosopher, this article argues that Land turns to writing horror fiction, because he sees the genre as a better compositional form than traditional philosophy to continue his critique of anthropomorphism insofar as it is able to stage a confrontation with that which lies beyond all parochial human comprehension. I begin by outlining Land’s earlier critique of anthropocentric philosophies with recourse to the brute fact of humanity’s inexorable extinction as a way to undermine their attempts to project human values and concepts onto an inhuman cosmos for all time. I then examine Land’s theory of abstract horror to see how he envisions horror fiction as the best aesthetic means for transcendentally channeling the traumatic limits of human experience. I conclude with an analysis of Land’s two horror novellas, Phyl-Undhu and Chasm, to draw out the ways in which his earlier critical philosophy continues to inform their literary motifs. What ultimately emerges from this analysis of Land’s fiction is a conception of horror as the dark heir to critical philosophy.
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Gómez Pato, Rosa Marta. "Paloma Ortiz-de-Urbina (ed.), German Expressionism in the Audiovisual Culture. Myths, Fantasy, Horror, and Science Fiction / Der deutsche Expressionismus in den Audiovisuellen Medien. Mythen, Fantasy, Horror und Science-Fiction, Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, 2022." Matèria. Revista internacional d'Art, no. 22 (November 1, 2023): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/materia2023.22.9.
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Ressenya del llibre: Paloma Ortiz-de-Urbina (ed.), German Expressionism in the Audiovisual Culture. Myths, Fantasy, Horror, and Science Fiction / Der deutsche Expressionismus in den Audiovisuellen Medien. Mythen, Fantasy, Horror und Science-Fiction, Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, 2022.
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Nikam, Dr Sudhir V., and Mr Rajkiran J. Biraje. "A Critical Study of Stephen King and Horror Fiction." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 5 (May 28, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i5.10176.
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This present research undertakes the extensive study of horror fiction genre with reference to the select novels of one of the finest and celebrated horror fiction writers of all time, Stephen King. This paper is a substantial assessment of the select horror fiction of King. The research problem revolves extensively around the word fear. Stephen King has conjured up the images of most horrific creatures, monsters, places, and stories, and some of the most enduring villains in fiction. These unimaginable evil beings test the limits of the protagonist. Some of these villains have gone to the extent of becoming as famous (or infamous) as the writer himself. Many of Stephen King villains are monsters of the human variety such as serial killers, power hungry despots, nihilists, etc. His most memorable and monumental characters are the supernatural ones who use their dark powers to twist the orderly world around them into a special place of chaos and pain. It has been assumed that the horror elements in the fiction of Stephen King are the result of his strategic use of supernaturalist and non-supernaturalist elements. The techniques that he uses to evoke horror in reader have been treated as a site for research attention by the researcher.
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Belling, Catherine. "Ghost Meat." English Language Notes 59, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-9277271.
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Abstract The ambivalent attraction of feeling horror might explain some paradoxes regarding the consumption of representations of atrocities committed in the real world, in the past, on actual other people. How do horror fictions work in the transmission or exploitation of historical trauma? How might they function as prosthetic memories, at once disturbing and informative to readers who might otherwise not be exposed to those histories at all? What are the ethical implications of horror elicited by fictional representations of historical suffering? This article engages these questions through the reading of Mo Hayder’s 2004 novel The Devil of Nanking. Hayder exploits horror’s appeal and also—by foregrounding the acts of representation, reading, and spectatorship that generate this response—opens that process to critique. The novel may productively be understood as a work of posttraumatic fiction, both containing and exposing the concentric layers of our representational engagement with records of past atrocity. Through such a reading, a spherical rather than linear topology emerges for history itself, a structure of haunted and embodied consumption.
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Jets, Kairi. "How is Fear Constructed? A Narrative Approach to Social Dread in Literature." Interlitteraria 23, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2018.23.2.16.
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Fear-inducing narratives can be divided into two subtypes of horror and dread. While horror stories concentrate on a concrete visible object such as a monster, in dread narratives the object of fear is abstract or absent altogether. Pure forms of either are rare and most narratives mix both types, usually with dominant in one or the other. An interesting subtype of dread narratives is the narrative of social dread, where the fear is social in nature.
One of the few narratologists to study construction of fear in arts, Yvonne Leffler suggests a variety of narrative techniques often used in horror fiction. Adjusting Leffler’s list of techniques for tales of dread instead of horror helps analysing the nature and amount of dread present in a range of different narratives from light reading and literary fiction to non-fiction. A narrative approach helps to reveal how non-fiction texts use similar techniques, and sometimes more extensively than fictional texts. Lionel Shriver’s We Need to Talk About Kevin (2003) is an excellent example of social dread in fiction, where societal failures are a big part of the fears induced, and the questions raised in the narrative are denied definite answers. Kanae Minato’s Confessions (2008) is closer to a thriller, because despite raising issues of societal failure, the work gives conclusive answers to all of the questions raised during the narrative. Although Haruki Murakami’s Underground (1997–98) is a nonfiction compiled from interviews of terror attack survivors, it nevertheless has the hallmarks of a social dread narrative, such as question-answer structure and abstractness of the source of fear. More importantly, Murakami’s work alternates between identifying and anticipatory readings, gives no definitive answers to the questions it poses, and the fear it conveys is social in nature.
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Griffin, Grahame. "‘It was a Serious Kitchen Knife’: Witnessing and Reporting Horror Crime." Media International Australia 97, no. 1 (November 2000): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009700114.
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News reports of major crime can be linked to popular fiction genres. This linkage extends to the role of the crime witness and to the reporter as witness of crime and its aftermaths. It is argued that audience identification with witnesses and witnessing creates a ‘breathing space’ for reconsideration and reassessment of the crime. To illustrate how this might work in the reporting of horror and atrocity crimes, some newspaper ‘horror’ stories, and their relationship with horror fiction conventions, are discussed along with the television ‘eyewitness' reporting of international atrocity stories.
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Malykh, V. S. "TRANSFORMATION OF A FAIRY TALE IN «HYBRID» SCIENCE FICTION (BASED ON AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN PROSE OF THE XXth CENTURY)." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 12 (December 25, 2020): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2020-12-99-109.
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The article introduces and substantiates the concept of «hybrid» science fiction, which combines the elements of science fiction and horror fiction. In «hybrid» fiction, science fiction surroundings cannot rationalize the text, but, on the contrary, they are replaced by motives of supernatural horror. «Hybrid» science fiction, in contrast to «hard» science fiction , develops the idea of unknowability of the Universe. It is worth mentioning here, that «hard» science fiction has been described well enough, but there is a shortage of research work in relation to its «hybrid» version, so this research can be considered as pioneering. We use E. M. Neyolov’s typology that describes the connection between a fairy tale and «hard» science fiction. Basing on this typology, we analyse «hybrid» fiction, in which science fiction scenery was replaced by the anti-rational principle. The research methodology involves a combination of structural, typological and comparative methods. As a material for the study, we use the works of such Russian and American authors as D. Glukhovsky, S. Lukyanenko, G. R. R. Martin, S. King, C. McCarthy, H. P. Lovecraft and others. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the transformation of fairytale discourse in the works of these authors that leads to the genre transition from science fiction to horror fiction. The texts are being analysed from three points of view: system of characters, the structure of space and the direction of time. It is concluded that in «hybrid» science fiction the typological model of the fairy tale was distorted, reconsidered or destroyed, and it is the aberration of the fairytale motif that opens the gate for the genre transformation from «hard» science fiction to horror fiction. For example, the struggle of the superhero with the supervillain is traditional both for fairy tales and for science fiction, but it is replaced by psychologization of the hero and the extreme complication of the metaphysics of the Good and the Evil in «hybrid» science fiction . Besides that, the well-organized space of fairytale and science fiction as well as a close-cut separation of «ours» and «aliens», and also the mythologem of «threshold» are mixed in «hybrid» fiction and lose their symbolical unambiguity. Finally, science fiction and fairytale time in «hybrid» fiction ceases to exist and gives way to the tragic timelessness of chaos and nightmare. Thus, «hybrid» fiction destroys both the canons of «hard» science fiction and the constructs of the fairy tale genre.
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Malykh, V. S. "TRANSFORMATION OF A FAIRY TALE IN «HYBRID» SCIENCE FICTION (BASED ON AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN PROSE OF THE XXth CENTURY)." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 12 (December 25, 2020): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2020-12-99-109.
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The article introduces and substantiates the concept of «hybrid» science fiction, which combines the elements of science fiction and horror fiction. In «hybrid» fiction, science fiction surroundings cannot rationalize the text, but, on the contrary, they are replaced by motives of supernatural horror. «Hybrid» science fiction, in contrast to «hard» science fiction , develops the idea of unknowability of the Universe. It is worth mentioning here, that «hard» science fiction has been described well enough, but there is a shortage of research work in relation to its «hybrid» version, so this research can be considered as pioneering. We use E. M. Neyolov’s typology that describes the connection between a fairy tale and «hard» science fiction. Basing on this typology, we analyse «hybrid» fiction, in which science fiction scenery was replaced by the anti-rational principle. The research methodology involves a combination of structural, typological and comparative methods. As a material for the study, we use the works of such Russian and American authors as D. Glukhovsky, S. Lukyanenko, G. R. R. Martin, S. King, C. McCarthy, H. P. Lovecraft and others. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the transformation of fairytale discourse in the works of these authors that leads to the genre transition from science fiction to horror fiction. The texts are being analysed from three points of view: system of characters, the structure of space and the direction of time. It is concluded that in «hybrid» science fiction the typological model of the fairy tale was distorted, reconsidered or destroyed, and it is the aberration of the fairytale motif that opens the gate for the genre transformation from «hard» science fiction to horror fiction. For example, the struggle of the superhero with the supervillain is traditional both for fairy tales and for science fiction, but it is replaced by psychologization of the hero and the extreme complication of the metaphysics of the Good and the Evil in «hybrid» science fiction . Besides that, the well-organized space of fairytale and science fiction as well as a close-cut separation of «ours» and «aliens», and also the mythologem of «threshold» are mixed in «hybrid» fiction and lose their symbolical unambiguity. Finally, science fiction and fairytale time in «hybrid» fiction ceases to exist and gives way to the tragic timelessness of chaos and nightmare. Thus, «hybrid» fiction destroys both the canons of «hard» science fiction and the constructs of the fairy tale genre.
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Yeung, Lorraine. "The Nature of Horror Reconsidered." International Philosophical Quarterly 58, no. 2 (2018): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq2018326104.
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There is a growing interest in the role of non-cognitive affective responses in the philosophical literature on fiction and emotion. This flurry of scholarly interest is partly a reaction to cognitivist accounts of fiction and emotion that have been found to be inadequate. The inadequacy is particularly salient when this approach is employed to account for narrative horror. Cognitivist conceptions of the emotion engendered by narrative horror prove to be too restrictive. Cognitivist accounts also fail to give the formal devices and stylistic elements deployed in narrative horror a proper place within the spectator’s emotional engagement with it. In this paper I propose an alternative conception of the emotion “horror” that incorporates non-cognitive affective responses. I argue that this conception of “horror” is more fine-grained than the one characterized as a cognitivist approach. It captures more literary examples of the horror experience and it accommodates better the fear of the unknown. It also makes possible an aesthetics of horror in which formal devices and stylistic elements are given their proper place.
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Kurbonova, Nilufar T. "THE CONCEPT OF HORROR IN ARTISTIC LITERATURE." Current Research Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-02-07.
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The current article observes theoretical viewpoints of the concept of horror and devoted to the study of the concept and genre signs of horror in fiction. Throughover the work the notion of horror was investigated with the examples of wellknown writers, critics and scientists. It raises the question of the terminological status of the horror in modern literature, considers the points of view on the status of horror as a genre, and discusses the parameters that differentiate fantasy and horror. It is summarised that there are several subgenres and categories of the horror genre.
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El-Sayed, Wesam. "Language Performativity and Horror Fiction: A Cognitive Stylistic Approach." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i3.647.
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This paper argues that horror fiction creates its effect through exploiting the workings of language in the minds of readers. As a genre that crosses many art forms, it might be tempting to analyze the multimodal vehicles of horror; the visual effects, the jump scares and the ominous music. However, studying the ability of language, on its own and without any audio-visual effects, to instill horror in its readers becomes even more enticing. The idea that words have the power to disrupt the reality of its readers is deeply rooted in the view of language as performative. The paper further argues that horror writers have manipulate linguistic structures in a peculiar way to serve the purpose of frightening their readers. To this end, an eclectic text-based cognitive stylistic approach is employed to analyze an excerpt from William Peter Blatty’s The Exorcist (1971), demonstrating how the process of horror creation is both a textual and a cognitive one, whereby the mental image of reality in the minds of readers is manipulated and distorted by means of linguistic structures, hence horrifying them. Results reveal that for horror to be achieved, layers of blending take place in readers minds in order to arrive to horrific meanings textually described. Additionally, manipulation of syntactic complexity and the morphology of verbs intensifies the horrific effect.
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Johnston, Sarah Iles. "The Religious Affordance of Supernatural Horror Fiction." Numen 70, no. 2-3 (March 10, 2023): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-20231688.
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Abstract This article argues that some supernatural horror fiction has religious affordance – that is, provides ideas that readers can draw upon to build their own religious outlook. In this regard, supernatural horror fiction is an important but previously overlooked part of lived religion. It also demonstrates that the afforded ideas are entwined with the supernatural experiences that the stories describe and looks at rhetorical tropes that dispose readers to believe in those experiences (at least while reading the story), and by extension to entertain the credibility of the religious ideas, as well. It demonstrates the important role that ambiguity, a central feature of supernatural horror fiction since the 1830s, plays in persuading readers to believe in the supernatural experiences and the religious ideas. Two case studies are used to make these arguments: M. R. James’s “Oh, Whistle, and I’ll Come to You, My Lad” (1904) and Stephen King’s Revival (2014).
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Majidova, Ilaha Adil. "The conceptual interpretation of S. King`s literary heritage." SCIENTIFIC WORK 62, no. 01 (February 8, 2021): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/62/159-161.
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S.King is a modern American writer of supernatural, horror fiction, science fiction and fantasy. His works are powerful because he integrates his life experiences and observations into idiosyncratic stories. He uses a free style of writing. Generally By the help of supernatural beings, vampire, demon, insubstantial events he mystifies and shocks readers, confuses their minds. The writer’s psycho-emotional situation, inner world rebound his works. This article is devoted to the conceptual interpretation of S.King’s creativity. In his works he tries to show the depth of his imagination. Key words: modern American literature, fantasy, horror fiction, psycho-emotional creativity, mystical elements
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Mckee, Gabriel. "“Reality – Is it a Horror?”." Journal of Gods and Monsters 1, no. 1 (July 18, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/jgm.v1i1.1.
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This paper discusses the works of author Richard S. Shaver, who rose to prominence in the science fiction world in the 1940s with stories describing a vast underworld of caverns under the surface of the earth. These caverns were inhabited by evil beings called “dero” that used high-tech devices to torment the inhabitants of the surface world. Shaver, who had spent several years in mental institutions prior to his writing career, claimed his stories were true, and Amazing’s editor, Raymond A. Palmer, aggressively promted the “Shaver Mystery.” This prompted a backlash from science fiction fandom against both Shaver and Palmer. This paper gives an overview of Shaver’s career and explores his world-system as a form of theodicy, drawing in particular on his novel Mandark, a retelling of portions of the Bible narrative. Shaver’s monsters and their devices are examples of an “influencing machine,” a commonly-occurring delusional phenomenon first described by psychologist Victor Tausk in 1919, an externalized force that a patient believes is the source of thoughts and sensations. This paper argues that, for Shaver, the dero provided a psychological framework for processing tragic and traumatic events, externalizing tormenting forces into monsters. His fiction then became a force for combatting those torments within a narrative context. Like other conspiracy theories, the Shaver Mystery seeks to impose order on a chaotic world.
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Thon, Jan-Noel. "Playing with Fear: The Aesthetics of Horror in Recent Indie Games." Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture 10, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 197–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/23.6179.
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This article explores the aesthetics of horror that recent indie games offer to their players. Following a general discussion of how the audiovisual, ludic, and narrative aesthetics of indie games relate to the fiction emotions, gameplay emotions, and artifact emotions that these games in general and horror indie games in particular invite their players to experience, the article offers in-depth analyses of Amnesia: The Dark Descent, Neverending Nightmares, Darkwood, and The Forest. These four case studies allow for an extensive reconstruction of the various ways in which indie horror games are designed to evoke uncanny moods and abject horror as well as the subtle interplay between fear as a fiction emotion and fear as a gameplay emotion, the experience of which may also spark positive or negative artifact emotions that in turn may lead to aesthetic judgments of various kinds.
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Soman, S., J. Parameshwaran, and J. KP. "Films and fiction leading to onset of psycho-phenomenology: Case reports from a tertiary mental health center, India." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1385.
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Mind is influenced by socio-cultural religious belief systems, experiences and attributions in the development of psychophenomenology. Film viewing is a common entertainment among young adults.ObjectivesInfluence of repetitive watching of films of fiction and horror genres on onset phenomenology in young adults.MethodTwo case reports on onset of psychotic features and mixed anxiety depressive phenomenology were seen in two patients aged 16 and 20 years respectively and based on the fantastic imagination created by films. The 28-year-old female patient diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder had onset at 16 years of age and the course of phenomenology was influenced by the fiction movie ‘Jumanji’ with partial response to medications over 10 years. The depressive and anxiety symptoms of less than 6 months duration of a 20-year-old male patient was influenced by film ‘Hannibal’ and responded to antidepressant and cognitive behavior therapy.ConclusionsHorror and fiction films can influence the thinking patterns and attribution styles of a young adult by stimulating fantasy thinking which if unrestrained can lead to phenomenology. Viewing films compulsively, obsessive ruminations on horror and fictional themes can lead to onset of psychopathology of both psychosis and neurotic spectrum. Further research on neurobiological, psychological correlates is needed. Parental guidance and restricted viewing of horror genre films with avoidance of repeated stimulatory viewing of same genre movies in children, adolescents, young adults and vulnerable individuals is required.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Vorobej, Mark. "Monsters and the Paradox of Horror." Dialogue 36, no. 2 (1997): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300009483.
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RésuméL'horreur en art vise à effrayer, bouleverser, dégoûter et terroriser. Puisque nous ne sommes pas normalement attirés par de ielles expériences, pourquoi quiconque s'exposerait-il délibérément a la fiction d'horreur? Noel Carroll soutient que le caractère constant du phénomène de l'horreur en art tient à certains plaisirs d'ordre cognitif, qui résultent de la satisfaction de notre curiosité naturelle à l'ègard des monstres. Je soutiens, quant è moi, que la solution cognitive de Carroll auparadoxe de l'horreur est profondément erronée, étant donné la façon dont les monsters sont représentés dans la fiction d'horreur; j'explore brievement une approche plus prometteuse, qui traite les monstres comme des moyens pour acquerir la connaissance de soi.
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Helmer, Dona J. "Book Review: Ghosts in Popular Culture and Legend." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 4 (June 21, 2017): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56.4.303b.
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The co-editors are June Pulliam, who teaches classes in horror literature, YA fiction, and film, and Anthony Fonesca, who has written about horror and also has a background in information literacy. They previously co-authored Hooked on Horror: A Guide to Reading Interests in the Genre, and have now applied their talents and expertise to create a work that contains accessible information about a popular topic.
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Koger, Grove. "Sources: Encyclopedia of Fantasy and Horror Fiction." Reference & User Services Quarterly 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.46n2.86.
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Catherine Belling. "The Living Dead: Fiction, Horror, and Bioethics." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 53, no. 3 (2010): 439–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.0.0168.
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Clark, Cole. "Afraid to Live, Afraid to Die: Sources of Anxiety in She Dies Tomorrow." Film Matters 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fm_00223_7.
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She Dies Tomorrow (Seimetz, 2020) examines anxieties concerning gender roles for women and the depersonalizing effect of modern capitalism. Imagining a world where each character becomes certain they will die tomorrow, the film confronts purposefully and inadvertently hidden anxieties through science fiction and horror aesthetics, utilizing transcendental cinema styles. Through the lens of Susan Sontag, the film can be seen as a plea for personal connection amid anxiety, with an emphasis on science fiction and horror tropes that lead the viewer to question the sources of anxiety for the characters.
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Vasconcelos Neto, Hélio Parente de, Katarine Maria Linhares Calado, and Luana Ferreira de Freitas. "H. P. Lovecraft’s Ethnocentric Violence in The Horror at Red Hook." Revista da Anpoll 54, no. 1 (October 2, 2023): e1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.18309/ranpoll.v54i1.1911.
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H. P. Lovecraft is considered one of the leading authors in weird fiction, science fiction, fantasy, and horror. His concept of cosmic horror changed genres and served as an inspiration for many modern writers. The author's xenophobic and ethnocentric ideas are present in his literary work, with an emphasis on the racist themes so intrinsic to the short story “The Horror at Red Hook” (1927). The paratexts of Marsely de Marco and Giovana Bomentre’s translations of the short story, both from 2018, will be analyzed. Berman's retranslation theory (1984) and Albachten and Gürçağlar's theories (2018) will be used as bibliographic sources, as well as Genette's study on paratexts and their relation to translation (1987/2018) and Joshi's biographical work (2013), in order to contextualize our findings within the broader field of Translation Studies.
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Dickson, Randi. "Horror: To Gratify, Not Edify." Language Arts 76, no. 2 (November 1, 1998): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la199812.
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Examines R.L. Stine’s “Goosebumps” series, and investigates why children (including the author’s two daughters) like them. Explores the lures of the horror fiction genre. Suggests that the attractiveness of the genre can be found in books more rewarding in literary terms, such as those by John Bellairs. Offers suggestions about the parent’s role in this process.
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Kulikova, Daria L. "MYTHOPOETICS OF THE CEMETERY SPACE IN HORROR FICTION (Based on the Material of Modern Russian Literature)." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 3 (2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-3-86-93.
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This article deals with the locus of the cemetery in modern Russian horror. We examine approaches to the depiction of scary spaces in literature, describe the cemetery as a locus of horror, study the motives associated with the cemetery in horror, detect intermedial connections, provide interpretation of folklore and literary references. The cemetery is one of the key loci of folk culture, presented in folklore as a space of contact with the otherworldly (with the world of the dead), which explains the interest of horror authors in these ‘scary’ places. The modern literature of horror offers modifications of the image of the cemetery, their main characteristics, intertextual interaction with Russian and foreign traditions, which allow us to speak of this image as a unit of the genre canon of horror. The paper examines how exactly the image of the cemetery is presented by modern Russian authors: A. Ivanov, A. Ateev, M. Romanova, K. Alekseev, I. Lesev. We have established that various clichés of folklore and horror literature are used in connection with the locus of the cemetery. These include the motive of a ‘bad place’, the motive of reviving the dead, the motive of crossing the borders, violation of a ban/taboo. The cemetery can be viewed in a literary work as a source of supernatural horror (and even, as in Alekseev’s work, may turn into a thinking creature) or, as in Ivanov’s novels, represent a false source of danger. We conclude that the cemetery in horror becomes a place where not only worlds but also eras are connected, which reveals the important function of horror – the comprehension of the past of an individual and society. The portrayal of the cemetery in horror draws on a rich literary and folkloric tradition.
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Yeung. "Dewey, Foucault, and the Value of Horror: Transformative Learning through Reading Horror Fiction." Journal of Aesthetic Education 54, no. 2 (2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jaesteduc.54.2.0075.
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De Cruz, Helen. "Cosmic Horror and the Philosophical Origins of Science Fiction." Think 22, no. 63 (2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175622000197.
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AbstractThis piece explores the origins of science fiction in philosophical speculation about the size of the universe, the existence of other solar systems and other galaxies, and the possibility of alien life. Science fiction helps us to grapple with the dizzying possibilities that a vast universe affords, by allowing our imagination to fill in the details.
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Barba Guerrero, Paula, and Maisha Wester. "African American Gothic and Horror Fiction: An Interview with Maisha Wester." REDEN. Revista Española de Estudios Norteamericanos 3, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/reden.2022.3.1832.
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Maisha Wester is an Associate Professor in American Studies at Indiana University. She is also a British Academy Global Professor, hosted at the University of Sheffield. Her research focuses on racial discourses in Gothic fiction and Horror film, as well as appropriations of Gothic and Horror tropes in sociopolitical discourses of race. Her essays include “Gothic in and as Racial Discourse” (2014), “Et Tu Victor?: Interrogating the Master’s Responsibility to—and Betrayal of—the Slave in Frankenstein” (2020) and “Re-Scripting Blaxploitation Horror: Ganja and Hess’s Gothic Implications” (2018). She is author of African American Gothic: Screams from Shadowed Places (2012) and co-editor of Twenty-first Century Gothic(2019).
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Hand, Richard J. "‘Awed listening’: H. P. Lovecraft in classic and contemporary audio horror." Horror Studies 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00048_1.
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From the beginnings of radio drama to digital podcasting, horror has been a significant genre. Radio located an immediate and effective affinity with horror, exploiting the form’s qualities of invisibility, immersivity and suggestion in realizing the genre in on-air performance. As a part of this, adaptation ‐ from Gothic classics to populist fiction ‐ has been central. One conspicuous absence in early radio is H. P. Lovecraft with only one notable adaptation in the 1930‐1950s ‘golden age’. Nevertheless, in the radio work of Lovecraft acolyte Robert Bloch as well as shows such as Quiet, Please (1947‐49) the ‘Lovecraftesque’ is strongly evident. Indeed, various dimensions to Lovecraft’s fiction make his oeuvre ideally suited to audio adaptation. In recent times, the transmedia pre-eminence of Lovecraft is evident in audio culture as much as anywhere else. This article scopes the presence of Lovecraft in both classic and contemporary contexts of horror audio.
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Troy, Maria Holmgren. "Body Horror in Octavia E. Butler’s Clay’s Ark." Humanities 12, no. 5 (October 16, 2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12050120.
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African American science fiction writer Octavia E. Butler’s works have attracted a great deal of academic interest since the 1990s onwards. Clay’s Ark (1984), however, has not gained as much scholarly attention as some of her other novels, and the centrality of Gothic aspects, in particular those related to body horror, has not been addressed. By focusing on how these aspects inform the structure, setting, and characters’ actions and relationships in this novel about an extraterrestrial infection that threatens and changes humanity, this article demonstrates how Butler employs and adapts strategies and conventions of Gothic horror and body horror in order to explore various attitudes towards difference and transformation, paralleling these with a particular brand of antiblack racism growing out of American slavery. Although the 1980s are already receding into American history, and a few aspects of the imagined twenty-first century in this novel may feel dated today (while many are uncomfortably close to home), Clay’s Ark is a prime example of how aspects of popular culture genres and media—such as science fiction, the Gothic, and horror films—can be employed in an American novel to worry, question, and destabilize ingrained historical and cultural patterns.
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Łaszkiewicz, Weronika. "For fear of the Other: Simulation of Indigenous presence in horror fiction." Horror Studies 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00065_1.
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The following article examines the portrayal of Indigenous peoples and traditions in modern horror fiction written by non-Indigenous Euro-American authors. While the figures of the noble savage, beautiful maiden and victim of white progress are some of the most enduring stereotypes associated with indigeneity, in this article I demonstrate how in modern horror Indigenous characters and traditions serve as the embodiment of evil, which the White protagonists need to defeat to ensure their own survival. If any Indigenous characters appear in these narratives, they do so mostly in the roles of helpers, which contributes to the marginalization of Indigenous characters in the genre. To illustrate these problems, I draw examples from a number of horror stories ranging from classic to pulp fiction in order to expose the genre’s latent colonial rhetoric, which reinforces the simulation of Indigenous presence in contemporary culture – a phenomenon analysed by the Anishinaabe scholar, Gerald Vizenor, whose work will provide a theoretical background for my investigation.
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Newbury, Michael. "The Anthropocene and the Apocalypse." American Literary History 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2023): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajad004.
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Abstract This essay reviews recent scholarly work on EcoHorror and Post-Apocalyptic science fiction. It pays particular attention to the influence of Stacey Alaimo’s call for attention to the ethics of “transcorporeality” when it comes to reading horror, a need to imagine the human and nonhuman not as a binary but as intermeshed and mutually dependent. Hybridity in horror might thus present something not monstrous but politically desirable. Similarly, the essay explores the ways in which scholarship and public intellectuals have tended to see the recent boom in post-apocalyptic writing as either indicating the durability of late capitalism or the moment of its collapse and reshaping into something new.The books under review examine the outpouring of ecological horror and postapocalyptic fiction in the second half of the twentieth century and into the present. Why have such stories come so forcefully into the literary and filmic marketplace over the last 50 years or so?
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High, Holly. "Anthropology and anarchy: Romance, horror or science fiction?" Critique of Anthropology 32, no. 2 (June 2012): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x12438426.
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Sartin, Jeffrey S. "Contagious Horror: Infectious Themes in Fiction and Film." Clinical Medicine & Research 17, no. 1-2 (June 2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2019.1432.
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Bridgstock, Martin. "The Twilit Fringe-Anthropology and Modern Horror Fiction." Journal of Popular Culture 23, no. 3 (December 1989): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1989.00115.x.
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Álvarez Trigo, Laura, and Xavier Aldana Reyes. "Digital Gothic: An Interview with Xavier Aldana Reyes." REDEN. Revista Española de Estudios Norteamericanos 3, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/reden.2022.3.1812.
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Xavier Aldana Reyes is Reader/Associate Professor in English Literature and Film at Manchester Metropolitan University and a founder member of the Manchester Centre for Gothic Studies. He is author of Gothic Cinema (2020), Spanish Gothic (2017), Horror Film and Affect (2016) and Body Gothic (2014), and editor of Twenty-First-Century Gothic: An Edinburgh Companion (with Maisha Wester, 2019), Horror: A Literary History (2016) and Digital Horror (with Linnie Blake, 2015). Xavier is chief editor of the Horror Studies book series at the University of Wales Press, and has edited anthologies of Gothic and horror fiction for the British Library. One of Xavier's research interests is the optical dynamics of found footage horror films. On this topic, he has published an article on narrative framing for Gothic Studies, and chapters on affective immersion in the film [REC] (2007) and viewer involvement and guilt in The Last Horror Movie (2003). More recently, he wrote a chapter on 'Online Gothic' that considers social media found footage horror for the collection The Edinburgh Companion to Globalgothic (2022).
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Francis, John. "Emotional Registers of Queer Representation: Gothic Expression in The Rocky Horror Picture Show and Vivienne Medrano’s “Addict”." Frames Cinema Journal 20 (November 16, 2022): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/fcj.v20i0.2512.
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Queer representation in media often relies on a limited perspective built around identity visibility. Who or what is this made to serve? As with the unhappy queer archives Sara Ahmed explores in The Promise of Happiness, queerness is rendered as a surface level struggle for legitimacy in society and relationships, that far too often ends in melancholy or despair. While non-queer audiences indulge in a temporary alignment with a vicarious interpretation of queer experience, the queer audience is presented with an often melancholic or distressing representation of our racist, hetero-patriarchal, neoliberal capitalist present. Working within western canons assembled through the fetishising of liberal rationality, to be outside the scope of the liberal human subject is a wide and deep realm of the undefined and unknown. This is the home of speculative fiction and where the sprouts of popular media were seeded. The gothic, horror, and science fiction grew out of the artistic impulses that clash at the borderlands between the rational and irrational, known and unknown, subject and object, human and queer.
The twisting meeting places of horror and queerness is experienced best within queer treatments of horror. A close reading of the queer emotional affects in the queer media products The Rocky Horror Picture Show’s “Floor Show” sequence and Hazbin Hotel’s music video “Addict,” demonstrates that queer representation is inclusively produced through emotional affects most visible in horror. Furthermore, the gothic and horror pastiche at work within these two particular segments shows Jack Halberstam’s low theory in action.
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Carbonell, Curtis D. "Answering Lovecraft: Clive Barker’s embodied fiction." Horror Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00031_1.
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This article asks how Clive Barker responds to H. P. Lovecraft as a horror writer. It sees in Barker a particular example of how cosmic horror emerges, even as expected Gothic tropes become renewed with interesting variations. In particular, it foregrounds a resistance by Barker to Lovecraft’s insistence that the Weird be a place where writers hint at the monsters that cause ultimate dread rather than drawing them. Barker, though, refuses to balk at such a demand, channelling the same instinct that the later Lovecraft himself developed in categorizing with scientific-like granularity the often horrific particulars of the monstrous. This article poses the Cenobites as a fitting example of how Barker combines cosmic and Gothic tropes, both within the frames of the posthuman and draconic, even as they morphed within a shared universe rooted in a Christianized metanarrative. It focuses on The Scarlet Gospels as the most fitting text in which Barker demonstrates his ability to represent the unrepresentable, a dominant concept within fruitful theorizing by thinkers as diverse as Eugene Thacker, Graham Harman and Thomas Ligotti.
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Trofymenko, Anastasiia. "GENRE FEATURES OF HORROR LITERATURE." LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, no. 17 (2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2021.17.9.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the genre features of horror literature, its plot matrices and principles of artistic modeling of pictures of the world. The article describes the genre-creating elements that have become basis for systematization of the genre composition of horror literature. Special attention is paid to the typology of characters, the specifics of the arranging artistic time and space, as well as the features of the emotional impact on the reader as one of leading principles of genre classification of this type of fiction. After all, much of the text of the works of representatives of horror literature is devoted to the construction of artistic space and time, in order to introduce the recipient into a certain range of components of the emotional state during reading, to achieve the goal of horror literature. Namely, to scare the reader. Considerable attention is paid by the authors of this type of literature to the modeling of characters as a genre component. The article describes a set of standardized elements and attributes describing the appearance and character of the characters, which creates a "horizon of expectations" for the reader's perception. It also acts as an element of genre differentiation within the cluster of horror literature. The definition of genre varieties of this type of fiction reveals a clear conditionality of the specifics of the reception, the orientation of the author's intentions to create a certain psychological effect. Established artistic constants, which show a fairly high level of variability, serve as a figurative and plot matrix for the authors, which provides a "recognizability" of the genre addressed to a certain readership.
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González, Aníbal. "La ciencia ficción latinoamericana y el arte del anacronismo: "Otra" ciencia ficción es posible." Revista de Estudios Hispánicos 58, no. 1 (March 2024): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2024.a931923.
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Abstract: This essay seeks to establish a broader conceptual framework for studying the historical development of Latin American science fiction and its recent turn—in a genre usually focused on other times and worlds—to references to the past and present of Latin American history and culture. Valuable current studies of Latin American science fiction have been devoted primarily to the history of the genre itself and to tropes that have recurred in certain periods of the development of Latin American science fiction, such as cyborgs, androids, and zombies. Few have been devoted to the issues and forces at play in the current rise not only of science fiction in Latin America but of a recognizably Latin American form of science fiction. Through readings focused on the role of history and time in representative Latin American science fictional narratives of the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries, from the Argentine Juana Manuela Gorriti and the Chilean Jorge Baradit to the Cuban Yoss, the pervasiveness of historicity, the view of indigenous knowledge as proto science (rather than superstition), and a penchant towards dystopias, horror, and the Gothic, are considered as possible defining traits of Latin American science fiction.
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Carrera Garrido, Miguel. "“Do you wanna play a game?”. Espacio y niveles de implicación del público en la representación escénica del género terrorífico." Signa: Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica 28 (June 28, 2019): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/signa.vol28.2019.25069.
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El teatro, muy a menudo excluido en los estudios sobre géneros comúnmente llamados no miméticos (el terror, lo fantástico, la ciencia ficción), puede, sin embargo, aportar mecanismos que caen más allá del alcance de otros medios como el cine o la narrativa. En concreto, el terror puede beneficiarse de la ruptura de la cuarta pared y la integración del público en el ámbito escénico. El artículo rastrea, en la teoría y en la práctica, los grados de tal asimilación y las posibilidades que se siguen para la recreación del terror en las tablas. Theatre, very often excluded in studies on genres usually called non-mimetic (horror, the fantastic, science fiction), can, however, afford mechanisms that fall beyond the reach of other media such as film or narrative fiction. Specifically, horror can benefit from the breaking of the fourth wall and the integration of the audience into the scenic area. This article traces, both in theory and in practice, the degrees of this assimilation to the show and the possibilities that follow for the recreation of horror on the stage.
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Nakhjavani, Bahiyyih. "Fact and Fiction." Journal of Bahá’í Studies 10, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2000): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-10.3-4.449(2000).
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We have inherited an uneasy legacy of tension, in the East and West, between “fact” and “fiction,” between objective history and our many relative and subjective “stories,” between art as the representation of reality and faith based on the Word of God. Depending on how this tension has been “read” and “written” into action, our civilizations in the past have produced beauty or horror, high culture or blind prejudice. But while we may have inherited “facts” like these from the past, our future can only be created by the power of the imagination to believe, by the spiritual force of our lives which material civilization calls “fictions.” As Bahá’ís and believers in the cycle of Divine Unity, we have inherited a weighty responsibility to resolve this tension creatively and our common future, as a dynamic, diverse, and spiritual civilization, depends on it. The task of distinguishing “fact” from “fiction” in an age of maturity is a shared one. The question that must shape our words and deeds at the present hour, therefore, is not only who will write the future but also who will read it.