Academic literature on the topic 'Horse grooms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Horse grooms"
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Baba, A. Y., S. A. Saidu, B. Y. Kaltungo, U. S. Salisu, M. Babashani, and H. U. Buhari. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Horse Handlers and Grooms Towards Brucellosis in Horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Nigerian Veterinary Journal 42, no. 1 (July 10, 2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i1.7.
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A study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of grooms towards brucellosis in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 40 horse owners and grooms’ men in three Local Government Areas (LGAs); Sabon Gari, Zaria and Igabi; of Kaduna State, Nigeria to access knowledge, attitude and practices towards brucellosis in horses. Results from structured questionnaire showed only 37.50% (95% CI) of the respondents were aware of brucellosis, of this 22.50% (95% CI) ascribed their sources of information on the disease to be the media, 10.00% (95% CI) from experienced grooms while 5.00% (95% CI) said they heard of the disease from professionals who attended to the veterinary care of their horses. Of the respondents, only 15.00% (95% CI) were aware that brucellosis is zoonotic and mentioned that it could be contracted via ingestion of contaminated material (12.50%) and contact (2.50%). On attitude of respondents towards brucellosis, 15.00% (95% CI) reported lending out their stallions for breeding to other stables. Only 2.50% (95% CI) did not borrow stallions for breeding because they considered brucellosis and trichomoniasis as reproductive diseases that could result from the use infected stallions. The study also reported 52.50% (95% CI) and 40.00% (95% CI) of the respondents were in the habit of lending and borrowing out grooming tools respectively. They lend and borrow out tool despite mentioning that such acts are capable of leading to diseases such as ulcerative lymphangitis (95.00%), ringworm (72.50%), dermatophilosis (5.00%) and thrush (7.50%). 67.50% (95% CI) of respondents mentioned that they participated in durbars and other tournaments with their horses and reported such participation could result in diseases like ulcerative lymphangitis (25.00%) and wounds (27.50%). 50.00% (95% CI) of the respondents grazed their horses where other animals grazed and reported that even where there were reports of abortions by such animals their horses did not come down with brucellosis. All the respondents reported giving their horses’ routine veterinary medical care, especially against babesiosis. The implication of this finding is that Brucella organisms may be spread among horse handlers and the grooms due to inadequate knowledge on brucellosis. The findings revealed poor knowledge attitude and practices towards brucellosis on the part of horse handlers and grooms. It was concluded that there is a need to create awareness amongst groomsmen and horse owners on the presence of brucellosis in horses as well as the dangers of zoonotic infection.
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Tutluoǧlu, B., S. Atış, A. N. Anakkaya, E. Altuǧ, G. A. Tosun, and M. Yaman. "Sensitization to horse hair, symptoms and lung function in grooms." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 32, no. 8 (August 2002): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01439.x.
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Baba, AY, SNA Shehu, AKB Sackey, EC Okolocha, BY Kaltungo, M. Babashani, HU Buhari, YM Sanusi, O. Ahmed, and N. Elelu. "Serological survey of Brucella infection in horses in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 21, no. 1 (April 23, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v21i1.1.
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Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with worldwide distribution. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the serological prevalence of brucellosis in horses within Kano Metropolis. A total of 328 serum samples were collected for the study. Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) was conducted on all the samples while the Serum Agglutination Test with EDTA (SAT-EDTA) was conducted on the mRBPT-positive samples. The prevalence of brucellosis in horses within the Kano metropolis was found to be 24.09 % (79/328) and 11.89 % (39/328) with mRBPT and SAT-EDTA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the seropositivity by the tests used. From the study, 37 (23.27%) out of the 159 mares were seropositive for Brucella antibodies using mRBPT while 16 (43.24 %) were positive using SAT-EDTA. Similarly, of the 169 stallions, 38 (22.4 %) were positive using mRBPT and of these 22(57.89 %) were further positive by using SAT-EDTA. Unlike the age and use of the horses; location, sex, and breed were not significantly associated with the seroprevalence rate obtained in the study using mRBPT P<0.05. This study showed that Brucella antibodies were circulating in the horses in the study area. Further study is recommended to determine the Brucella species circulating in these horses, particularly that brucellosis is zoonotic with serious public health significance. There is also the need to examine the horse owners and grooms for possible Brucella antibodies because equine brucellosis has serious public health significance.
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Rostad, Delaney R., and Jennie L. Ivey. "24 Prevalence, Usage, and Perceptions of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) in the Equine Industry." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.014.
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Abstract The use of alternative therapies in the equine industry is increasing in popularity and spans manual manipulation to more progressive forms of technology. Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) has shown to reduce pain and increase range of motion within human and canine medicine. Often, PEMF is touted to improve performance and reduce stress prior to competition, yet little information exists on effectiveness, perceptions, treatment protocols, and therapeutic response within equids. Our objective was to assess how PEMF is administered and perceived therapy impact on equine patients. An online survey (Qualtrics) was disseminated to United States residents over 18 years of age and deemed exempt by the institutional review board. Data were analyzed using the frequency procedure in SAS (v9.4). Three groups within the equine industry were targeted: equine owners and leasers (OL, n = 350); trainers, coaches, grooms, and jockeys (TC, n = 80); and administrators of PEMF therapy (AD, n = 237). Across all survey respondents (n = 355), 86% (n = 305) exercise or ride their horses and 85.08% (n = 268) of individuals who ride have used PEMF therapy on their performance horse. Among TC, 96.25% (n = 77) respondents reported the use of PEMF therapy on a horse under their care. Whole body therapy was the most commonly reported location for PEMF by OL (91.6%, n = 240) and AD (96.12%, n = 223), followed by back and loin(47.33%, 124) for OL and front legs (56.47%, n = 131) for AD. Most frequent session length reported by OL was 45-90 minutes (30.96%, n = 61). Within 1 day of treatment, the majority of AD (n = 85, 40.28%) and OL (n = 104, 39.54%) perceived the greatest effects of PEMF therapy. Use and positive perception of PEMF in the equine industry is evident; however, more research is needed to elicit therapeutic effects for performance animals.
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Erzini, Nadia, and Stephen Vernoit. "The Palanquin Thrones of the ʿAlawite Sultans of Morocco." Muqarnas Online 39, no. 1 (October 7, 2022): 289–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-00391p12.
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Abstract The ceremonies of the ʿAlawite dynasty were often held out of doors, with the monarch appearing on horseback and under a parasol, escorted by a master of ceremonies holding a large baton; a row of saddled horses led by grooms; lancers; ensign bearers; musicians; a horse bearing a copy of the Qurʾan or volumes of the Hadith; and attendants who performed the ritual waving of white cloths. When the sultan conducted annual expeditions to subdue rebellious tribes and extract taxes, he was accompanied by a red-curtained palanquin slung between two mules, a practical necessity in case the monarch was indisposed. Most of these traditions continued the practices of earlier dynasties. However, for the later ʿAlawite period, more detailed descriptions are available, and these indicate that the palanquin also served as a throne. The sultan sat enthroned in the palanquin, which was placed in the royal audience tent facing a parade ground. In a similar fashion, European carriages served as portable thrones for receptions within royal palaces. This essay examines the history and iconography of the Moroccan palanquin throne, along with some associated rituals and insignia. While palanquins have been abandoned by the ruling dynasty and superseded by motor vehicles, a similar iconography survives in religious processions carrying another type of draped box, the cover of a cenotaph from a saint’s tomb.
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Iriani, Zora. "MALAM BAKURUANG (BERKURUNG) DALAM PERKAWINAN ALEK GADANG DI KENAGARIAN SALAYO KECAMATAN KUBUNG KABUPATEN SOLOK." Humanus 11, no. 1 (December 18, 2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v11i1.619.
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This research is conducted in the Salayo Nagari (local state), Kubung District, Solok Regency. There, the traditional wedding Perkawinan Alek Gadang includes the interesting ceremony of Malam Bakuruang, which is celebrated by slaughtering cow and water buffalo. There are several activities in the wedding; pulang dahulu (the groom comes home after the akad nikah (marriage contract), before the wedding ceremony), maanta nasi patang (the bride’s family presents foods for the groom’s family in the afternoon after the groom’s home), manurunkan marapulai (dress the groom), maanta marapulai (escort the groom to the bride’s house), malam bakuruang (the slaughtering ceremony), and arak-arakan (parade). Key words: Minangkabau traditional wedding, Alek Gadang, Malam Bakuruang
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Prysyazhnyuk, V. "Medical treatment of animals in slavs in the middle ages." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 96 (December 14, 2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9612.
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How the treatment of animals in Galicia evolved before the first printed veterinary works appeared today is little known to tell. The reason for this is the lack of relevant historical research in this area. However, this gap will no doubt be widened over time. This work is long and exhausting, since it is based on archival research and also on literature, which refers to a specific period. These will be pieces from different spheres of life, which, after proper segregation, will make it possible to complete this chapter. The above mentioned text of the treatment of horses by Slavs since 1394 is the oldest known mention of an equine doctor, as well as the salary for surgery and payment for medication. Confirming that in medieval Galicia, both the forging and the treatment of horses belonged to the blacksmith's duties. Preparation of medicines for horses was carried out by those who treated them. The blacksmiths, who were treated, began to be called Konoval. The oldest mention is recorded on parchment in 1505, also there is a guild sign of people of this profession. This is also evidenced by the engraving, whose origins date back to the Middle Ages. Blacksmiths are in the first place in the Middle Ages like equestrian doctors, they are already mentioned in the literature from the XI century. The grooms appear near the blacksmiths, but the name of the groom began dating only in the early 13th century. Since then, there are the first written mentions of poultry, falconers and dog-keepers. They were responsible for the care and treatment of the poultries or animals that had been cared for. In addition to agricultural content, there were also guidelines for the treatment and breeding of pets. In very few cases, veterinary writers describe the signs or causes of diseases, mainly by continuing to give the name of the disease and method of treatment. Therefore, treatment is empirical in the full sense of the word. Following the custom at the time of treatment, describe the treatment of each disease, as it is today in surgery, that is, starting from the head and ending at the feet. When the doctor could not make the correct diagnosis, he called the horse sick and recommended to treat it with a mixture consisting of butter, eggs and salt. By the term “attack” the author understood the signs of a very acute and usually fatal illness. Since drugs that deserve attention, we recommend sulfur, copper greens, turpentine, mustard, quicklime, mercury, tar, used as an ointment or liniment for external treatment. In addition to the aforementioned measures, the burning of the ferrous iron of the tumors was applied and then sprinkled with green copper, indicating the treatment of cutaneous form of sap. Medicines can be divided into three groups, namely: Medicinal products of vegetable, animal and mineral origin. The medicines were mixed and prepared mainly by the horse doctor, the medicines consisted mainly of home remedies and were readily available to anyone. In the liquid form were infused into the mouth, nose, enemas, ablution, bathing. Water, wine, vinegar and olive oil are the basis for liquid medicines. Ointments, suppositories, patches, pastes and poultices were used in the condensed form, Ointments are often used in a warm state. The basis for this was fats and wax. In the form of powdered substances that have blown into the eye or wounds. In addition to the above remedies, medicinal products and magical procedures were used for therapeutic purposes: words with superstitious signs related to religious worship were used to achieve treatment. Dressings and surgical instruments. A horn was served to deliver the medication, with certain preparations filled in the horn. Wounds were washed using a copper syringe. A leather bag made of the same material has replaced today's pourer. A hoof knife, a blood dispenser, a razor to remove hair are also mentioned, and also iron for burning ulcers and eczema. The dressing material is hemp yarn, scarves, mostly blue, spartan shale.
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Indrawati, Deby, and Marzam Marzam. "Penggunaan dan Fungsi Musik Talempong Unggan pada Acara Baralek di Nagari Unggan Kecamatan Sumpur Kudus Kabupaten Sijunjung." Jurnal Sendratasik 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/js.v11i2.114152.
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This study aims to describe the use and analysis of the function of Talempong Uggan Music at the Baralek Event in Nagari Uggan, Sumpur Kudus District, Sijunjung Regency. This type of research is a qualitative research using descriptive analysis method. The main instrument in this research is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery and camera. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of library research, observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by collecting data, describing data, and concluding data. The results showed that the use of Talempong Uggan Music in a series of Baralek Events in Nagari Uggan was at the bararak from Bako's house to the main house, where the bride and groom and their entourage were paraded using Talempong to the bride's residence. Furthermore, at the Basalawat event at night, the aim is to escort the groom along with Niniak mamak and his entourage using Talempong to the bride's house. At the Manyombah Mintuo event, the bride is paraded to the groom's house, then Baarak Iriang is performed from the bride's house from the groom's house to the accompaniment of Talempong unggan as an accompaniment for the entire series of baralek events. The function of Talempong Unggan music in Nagari Unggan is as a function of expression, a function of aesthetic enjoyment, an entertainment function, a communication function, and an economic resource function for musicians.
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Kartal, Atila, Kemal Şimşek, Emine Atmaca, and Haktan Kaplan. "Metaphorical Language and Function of the “Bridal Pick-Up” Ritual in Anatolian Traditional Weddings with Its Origin and Reflections." Religions 15, no. 5 (April 25, 2024): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15050530.
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In the urban centers of Türkiye, where cultural changes are more widespread and effective, wedding processional is replaced by the solemnization of the marriage at indoor weddings, and the Kūdegū (old Turkic language; refers to bridegroom, son-in-law) awaiting the bride’s arrival at the boy’s house is replaced by differences in the way of the bride and groom’s entry together; moreover, while wedding rituals such as the bridal bath and groom’s hammam are being forgotten, bachelor/bachelorette parties are on the rise. The beliefs and practices related to the bride being taken out of the girl’s house with a special ceremony have deep meanings, such as blessing the bride who has just joined the family, acclimatizing the bride who feels like an outsider and avoiding her from these feelings, and protecting the bride and groom from the körmös (spirits in Turkic mythology, devilish entities living in the underworld), bad spirits, and the evil eye. In this paper, the structure, function, practices, and beliefs of the rituals surrounding the bride and groom on the last day of Anatolian Turkish weddings are analyzed using a qualitative research method. In addition, this study identified the betrothal, performance, beliefs, and practices surrounding the ritual of “bridal pick up” among Anatolian Turks and evaluated the symbols and signs in the ritual procedures in the functional context of the origins and reflections of traditional Turkish beliefs.
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Choi, Bae Young. "A Study on Food and Related Crafts for Wedding Procession of Noble Families in the 1800s: Focused on 『Jeungbosalyepyeonlam』 and 『Bongjeobyolam』." Association for International Tea Culture 59 (March 30, 2023): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21483/qwoaud.59..202303.71.
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The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine 『Jeungbosalyepyeonlam』, which recorded the wedding procession of noble families in the 1800s, and 『Bongjeobyolam』, which recorded wedding food, and reconstruct food table setting and related crafts to identify cultural characteristics. The main results are as follows. First, the table setting for elderly guests accompanying the groom or the bride contained consideration to relieve fatigue and aid digestion. Second, the big table for the groom or the bride was sent to the in-laws' house, honoring the cooking skills and happiness of both families and indwelling the wisdom of learning each other's food customs and tastes. Third, the table settings for dinner and late-night snack on the first day of the bride and groom symbolized their harmony. Fourth, the bride's family promoted the groom's health by selecting good ingredients for an early breakfast, lunch or snack, and dinner table setting. Fifth, plum blossom tea placed on the groom's tea table could be the subject of an elegant conversation at the first meeting with the bride's relatives. Each of these table settings was also a cultural outcome in which crafts such as tableware, soban, oiled paper cover, and bojagi were harmonized. In conclusion, the table setting for the wedding procession of noble families in the 1800s has significance that can be used as a prototype of cultural content that connects the wedding ceremony, food, and crafts complexly.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Horse grooms"
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Inoue, Sota. "Spatial positioning of individuals within groups of feral horses." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263513.
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付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第23052号
理博第4729号
京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 平田 聡, 教授 幸島 司郎, 教授 伊谷 原一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Science
Kyoto University
DGAM
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Wood, Robert W. "Making disciples through Hispanic home cell groups." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Davie, Hannah S. "Behavioural mechanisms of social cohesion in groups of reintroduced takhi (Przewalski's horse, Equus ferus prezewalkskii) in Mongolia." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2018. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/34653/.
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Reintroduction of an endangered species or subspecies is only the first step towards ensuring survival and population increase. The first phase of takhi (Equus ferus przewalskii) reintroductions has been successful, but populations remain at risk from isolation, resource competition with humans and livestock, and hybridisation with modern domestic horses. Greater social cohesion in takhi family groups reduces the risk of individual and group isolation and of hybridisation, which in turn increases the integrity and vigour of reintroduced populations. The aim of this study was to investigate potential behavioural mechanisms of social cohesion in reintroduced takhi, exploring mechanisms of cohesion both within and between family groups. Interindividual spatial distribution served as a surrogate measure of cohesion, and potential mechanisms included interindividual interactions and differences in individual reproductive state, personality, and group membership. Social network analysis was used to identify classes of takhi significantly central to spatial and interaction networks. Two repeatable personality traits were detected (sociability and assertiveness), but reproductive state had a stronger influence on cohesion than did personality. Mares were the most active managers of intragroup spatial distribution. Stallions were the most active managers of intergroup cohesion. Stallions and colts were most active in intergroup affiliative networks. Overall, reproductive state most clearly dictated individual involvement in interactions influencing intra- and intergroup cohesion, while group membership and personality influenced intergroup spatial cohesion. This study is the first to incorporate personality assessment and fine-scale spatial data into an investigation of Type I equid social structure in naturally established, free-living takhi family groups. Future takhi management efforts should focus on monitoring interstallion relationships, colt social development, and filly dispersal as the primary sources of variation and changes in group and herd level cohesion in takhi populations. Results of this study can be applied to adaptive management of takhi populations, and groups and herds of other Type I equids, including feral and domestic horses.
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Röseler, Manfred. "Die Ausbildung von Kleingruppenleitern in der Gemeinde Anregungen zur Konzeption eines Ausbildungsprogramms mit Konzentration auf die inhaltliche Gestaltung der Ausbildung /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Moody, Claudette A. "Informal Legislative Groups in the House: A Case Study of the Congressional Black Caucus." W&M ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625311.
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Ahn, Heehyung. "Theory of cell church and its application in the Shinhyun Church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Kim, Young Min. "The study of an approach to vitalize the lay biblical counseling ministry through a house church ministry a case study on the Gilbut Church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p036-0401.
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Hansen, Patrick L. "Determining the present and potential effectiveness of cell church components and models for missionary church planting in Japan, with reference to three interdenominational mission organizations." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2007. http://www.tren.com.
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Vanicat, Matthieu. "Approche intégrabiliste des modèles de physique statistique hors d'équilibre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY029/document.
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Malgré son indéniable succès pour décrire les systèmes physiques à l'équilibre thermodynamique (grâce à la distribution de Boltzmann, reflétant la maximisation de l'entropie, et permettant la construction systématique de potentiels thermodynamiques), la physique statistique n'offre pas de cadre général pour étudier les phénomènes hors d'équilibre, i.e dans lesquels on observe un courant moyen non nul d'une grandeur physique (énergie, charge, particules...).L'objectif de la thèse est de décrire de tels systèmes à l'aide de modèles très simples mais qui retranscrivent néanmoins les principales caractéristiques physiques de ceux-ci. Ces modèles sont constitués de particules se déplacant de manière aléatoire sur un réseau unidimensionnel connecté à des réservoirs et soumises à un principe d'exclusion. L'enjeu est de calculer exactement l'état stationnaire du modèle, notamment le courant de particules, ses fluctuations et plus particulièrement sa fonction de grande déviation (qui pourrait jouer le rôle d'un potentiel thermodynamique hors d'équilibre).Une première partie de la thèse vise à construire des modèles dits intégrables, dans lesquels il est possible de mener à bien des calculs exacts de quantités physiques. De nouveaux modèles hors d'équilibre sont proposés grâce à la résolution dans des cas particuliers de l'équation de Yang-Baxter et de l'équation de réflexion. De nouvelles structures algébriques permettant la construction de ces solutions par une procédure de Baxtérisation sont introduites.Une deuxième partie de la thèse consiste à calculer exactement l'état stationnaire de tels modèles en utilisant l'ansatz matriciel. Les liens entre cette technique et l'intégrabilité du modèle ont été mis en lumière au travers de deux relations clef: la relation de Zamolodchikov-Faddeev et la relation de Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov. L'intégrabilité a aussi été exploitée au travers des equations de Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov quantiques, afin de calculer les fluctuations du courant, mettant en lumière des connexions avec la théorie despolynômes symétriques (polynômes de Koornwinder en particulier).Enfin une dernière partie de la thèse porte sur la limite hydrodynamique des modèles étudiés, i.e lorsque la maille du réseau tend vers zero et que le nombre de constituants du système tend vers l'infini. Les résultats exacts obtenus sur les modèles à taille finie ont permis de vérifier les prédictions de la théorie des fluctuations macroscopiques (concernant les fluctuations du courant et du profil de densité dans l'état stationnaire) et de l'étendre à des modèles comprenant plusieurs espèces de particulesAlthough statistical physics has been very successful to describe physical systems at thermal equilibrium (thanks to the Boltzmann distribution, which reflects the maximization of the entropy, and allows one to construct in a systematic way thermodynamic potentials), it remains elusive to provide an efficient framework to study phenomena that are out-of-equilibrium, i.e displaying non vanishing current of physical quantities (energy, charge, particles...).The goal of the thesis is to describe such systems with very simple models which retain nevertheless their main physical features. The models consist in particles evolving randomly on a one dimensional lattice connected to reservoirs and subject to hard-core repulsion. The challenge lies in computing exactly the stationary state of the model, especially the particle current, its fluctuations and more precisely its large deviation function (which is expected to play the role of an out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic potential).In the first part of the thesis we construct models, called integrable, in which we can perform exact computations of physical quantities. We introduce several new out-of-equilibrium models that are obtained by solving, in specific cases, the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation. We provide new algebraic structures which allow us to construct the solutions through a Baxterisation procedure.In the second part of the thesis we compute exactly the stationary state of these models using a matrix ansatz. We shed light on the connection between this technique and the integrability of the model by pointing out two key relations: the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev relation and the Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relation. The integrability is also exploited, through the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, to compute the fluctuations of the particles current, unrevealing connections with the theory of symmetric polynomials (the Koornwinder polynomials in particular).Finally the last part of the thesis deals with the hydrodynamic limit of the models, i.e when the lattice spacing tends to $0$ and the number of particles tends to infinity. The exact results obtained for a finite size system allow us to check the validity of the predictions of the macroscopic fluctuations theory (concerning the fluctuations of the current and the density profile in the stationary state) and to extend the theory to systems with several species of particles
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Lineros, Rosa Mauricio. "Photoremovable protecting groups for carbonyl compounds of biological interest." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/167764.
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[ES] El espectro de la luz solar está compuesto por una amplia gama de radiaciones electromagnéticas las cuales tienen diferentes impactos sobre la vida en la tierra. Entre ellas, las pertenecientes a la región ultravioleta toman un papel principal cuando nos referimos a la fotobiología, ya que pueden interactuar con las biomoléculas por medio de procesos tanto directos como fotosensibilizados. Como resultado, estas biomoléculas pueden sufrir modificaciones que no siempre tienen efectos beneficiosos. En este contexto, los daños fotoinducidos al ADN son de gran relevancia ya que están estrechamente relacionados con la creciente incidencia de cáncer de piel. Por ello, es necesario investigar tanto los mecanismos involucrados en dichos procesos como el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para combatirlos. En la presente tesis se da respuesta a estas necesidades mediante el desarrollo y empleo de grupos protectores fotolábiles (PPG).
En una primera parte se avanza en el desarrollo de nuevos PPG basados en filtros solares. Estos ofrecen la ventaja de actuar, una vez liberados, como un escudo protector frente a la radiación ultravioleta. En este contexto, en el Capítulo 3 se profundiza en las propiedades fotofísicas y fotoquímicas de los sistemas formados por la avobenzona como PPG de ácidos carboxílicos, más concretamente del ketoprofeno (KP) y del naproxeno (NPX). En este estudio se analiza por medio de modelado molecular y técnicas espectroscópicas la influencia que tiene la energía relativa del triplete de la avobenzona en su forma dicetónica, 3AB(K)*, respecto a la de los compuestos protegidos en el proceso de liberación. Siguiendo en esta misma línea de trabajo, en el Capítulo 4 se ha desarrollado un nuevo PPG capaz de liberar el filtro solar oxibenzona (OB) junto con compuestos carbonílicos.
En una segunda parte, el foco de atención se ha puesto en el concepto de "Caballo de Troya", el cual establece que ciertas lesiones del ADN pueden actuar a su vez como fotosensibilizadores endógenos generando así nuevas lesiones en su entorno. En este contexto, en el Capítulo 5 se han estudiado, mediante métodos tanto experimentales como teóricos, las propiedades fotosensibilizantes de dos de los daños oxidativos del ADN, el 5-formiluracilo (ForU) y la 5-formilcitosina (ForC), poniendo especial énfasis en la capacidad de estos para poblar sus estados tripletes, así como de inducir la formación fotosensibilizada de dímeros ciclobutánicos de pirimidina (CPD). Por último, en el Capítulo 6 se ha desarrollado una nueva alternativa sintética para la incorporación del ForU en oligonucleótidos. Debido a la inestabilidad del grupo aldehído, esta síntesis se lleva a cabo generalmente mediante la incorporación de un precursor el cual es posteriormente convertido en el ForU mediante la acción de un agente oxidante. Por el contrario, en la nueva alternativa planteada el aldehído es protegido con un PPG, de manera que una vez insertado en el ODN, el aldehído es liberado de forma selectiva mediante el empleo de luz. Este trabajo supone un avance en el estudio de las propiedades fotosensibilizantes del ForU ofreciendo una nueva herramienta para la evaluación de las mismas en un entorno más cercano al del ADN.[CA] L'espectre de la llum solar està compost per una àmplia gamma de radiacions electromagnètiques les quals tenen diferents impactes sobre la vida en la terra. Entre elles, les pertanyents a la regió ultraviolada prenen un paper principal quan ens referim a la fotobiologia, ja que poden interactuar amb les biomolècules per mitjà de processos tant directes com fotosensibilitzats. Com a resultat, aquestes biomolècules poden patir modificacions que no sempre tenen efectes beneficiosos. En este context, els danys fotoinduits a l'ADN són de gran rellevància ja que estan estretament relacionats amb la creixent incidència de càncer de pell. Per això, és necessari tant d'investigar els mecanismes involucrats en els processos com el desenvolupament de noves estratègies per a combatre'ls. En la present tesi es dóna resposta a aquestes necessitats per mitjà del desenvolupament i ús de grups protectors fotolàbils (PPG). En una primera part s'avança en el desenvolupament de nous PPG basats en filtres solars. Estos ofereixen l'avantatge d'actuar, una vegada alliberats, com un escut protector enfront de la radiació ultraviolada. En este context, en el capítol 3 s'aprofundeix en les propietats fotofísiques i fotoquímiques dels sistemes formats per l'avobenzona com PPG d'àcids carboxílics, més concretament del ketoprofé (KP) i del naproxé (NPX). En este estudi s'analitza per mitjà de modelatge molecular i tècniques espectroscòpiques la influència que té en el procés d'alliberament l'energia relativa del triplet de l'avobenzona en la seua forma dicetònica, 3AB(K)*, respecte a la dels compostos protegits. En esta mateixa línia de treball, en el capítol 4 s'ha desenvolupat un nou PPG capaç d'alliberar el filtre solar oxibenzona (OB) junt amb compostos carbonílics. En una segona part, el focus d'atenció s'ha posat en el concepte de "Cavall de Troia", el qual estableix que certes lesions de l'ADN poden actuar al seu torn com fotosensibilitzadors endògens generant així noves lesions en el seu entorn. En este context, en el capítol 5 s'han estudiat, per mitjà de mètodes tant experimentals com teòrics, les propietats fotosensibilitzants de dos dels danys oxidatius de l'ADN, el 5-formiluracil (ForU) i la 5-formilcitosina (ForC), posant especial èmfasi tant en la capacitat d'estos per a poblar els seus estats triplet, com d'induir la formació fotosensibilitzada de dímers ciclobutànics de pirimidina (CPD). Finalment, en el capítol 6 s'ha desenvolupat una nova alternativa sintètica per a la incorporació del ForU en oligonucleòtids. A causa de la inestabilitat del grup aldehid, esta síntesi es duu a terme generalment per mitjà de la incorporació d'un precursor el qual és posteriorment convertit en el ForU per mitjà de l'acció d'un agent oxidant. Al contrari, en la nova alternativa plantejada l'aldehid és protegit amb un PPG, de manera que una vegada inserit en l'oligonucleòtid, l'aldehid és alliberat de forma selectiva per mitjà de l'ús de llum. Este treball suposa un avanç en l'estudi de les propietats fotosensibilitzants del ForU i ofereix una nova ferramenta per a l'avaluació de les mateixes en un entorn més pròxim al de l'ADN.
[EN] The solar spectrum is composed of a wide range of electromagnetic radiations which have different impacts on life on earth. Among them, those belonging to the ultraviolet region are of utmost importance when we refer to photobiology, since they can interact with biomolecules through both direct and photosensitized processes. As a result, these biomolecules can undergo modifications that do not always have beneficial effects. In this context, photoinduced DNA damage is of great relevance as it is closely related to the increasing incidence of skin cancer. Therefore, it is necessary both to investigate the mechanisms involved in these processes and to develop new strategies to avoid them. In this Thesis these issues have been addressed through the development and use of photolabile protecting groups (PPG). The first part of this Thesis involves the development of new PPG based on solar filters. Once released, these PPG offer the advantage of acting as ultraviolet shields. In this context, Chapter 3 looks into the photophysical and photochemical properties of those systems formed by avobenzone as PPG of carboxylic acids, more specifically ketoprofen (KP) and naproxen (NPX). In this study, the influence on the photorelease process of the relative energetic location of the avobenzone triplet manifold in its diketo form, 3AB(K)*, with respect to that of its caged compound, is duly analyzed by means of molecular modeling and spectroscopic techniques. Following this same line of work, a new PPG capable of releasing oxybenzone (OB) solar filter along with carbonyl compounds has been developed in Chapter 4. The second part of this Thesis focuses on the "Trojan Horse" concept, which establishes that certain DNA lesions can act as endogenous photosensitizers, thus generating new lesions in their neighborhood. In this context, in Chapter 5 the photosensitizing properties of two oxidatively generated DNA damages, namely 5-formyluracil (ForU) and 5-formylcytosine (ForC), have been studied by means of experimental and theoretical approaches. Here, special emphasis has been placed on unraveling their capacity to photoinduce the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Finally, in Chapter 6 a new synthetic alternative for the incorporation of ForU into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) has been developed. Due to the instability of the aldehyde group, this synthesis is generally carried out by incorporating a precursor which is subsequently converted into ForU by the action of an oxidative agent. On the contrary, in the new approach, the aldehyde is protected with a PPG, so that once inserted into the ODN, the aldehyde is selectively released through the use of light. This work entails a step forward in the study of the photosensitizing properties of ForU, offering a new tool for their evaluation within the DNA environment.
Lineros Rosa, M. (2021). Photoremovable protecting groups for carbonyl compounds of biological interest [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/167764
TESIS
Books on the topic "Horse grooms"
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Sewell, Anna. Black Beauty: His grooms and companions : the autobiography of a horse. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2011.
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Sewell, Anna. Black Beauty: His grooms and companions : the autobiography of a horse. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2011.
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Sewell, Anna. Black Beauty: His grooms and companions : the autobiography of a horse. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1990.
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Seymour, Malcolm. And fight for bread. [Lincolnshire, England]: Paul Mould Pub., 2006.
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Sewell, Anna. Black Beauty: His grooms and companions : the autobiography of a horse, translated from the original equine by Anna Sewell. London: Gollancz, 1988.
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E, Harris Susan. Grooming to win: How to groom, trim, braid, and prepare your horse for show. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Horse grooms"
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Bailey, Ernest, and Samantha A. Brooks. "Blood groups and neonatal isoerythrolysis." In Horse genetics, 149–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392589.0149.
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Steinþórsson, Runólfur Smári, and Hjörný Snorradóttir. "Strategic management of horse-related events: the case of the National Championships of the Icelandic horse (Landsmót) 1998-2008." In Humans, horses and events management, 48–66. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0048.
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Abstract Horse-related events have been popular in Iceland for many decades, as well as in other countries. Such events attract many people that are both enthusiastic about and involved in horse-related activities. The biggest horse event in Iceland since 1950 has been the National Championships of the Icelandic Horse - Landsmót - which enables the owners of the best horses in Iceland to come together and compete in various categories. Landsmót is organized by the Icelandic Equestrian Association (Landssamband hestamannafélaga [National Association of Equestrian Associations], referred to as LH) and the Farmers Association of Iceland in cooperation with local horse clubs that act as hosts for Landsmót. In this chapter, the Landsmót events held in the years 1998-2008 are studied from a strategic management point of view. The chapter looks into the lessons learnt from the events, based on a four-dimensional approach to strategic management. The main goal of the research, which was completed in 2010, was to bring forward important knowledge and information on the Landsmót events that could be used in the strategy and the development work for upcoming events over the following years. The study of Landsmót 1998-2008 was based on a case study method. Six cases were studied from an illustrative and explorative point of view. The study also made use of focus groups, interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The study concluded that Landsmót as a biennial event is a celebration of success in breeding and training of the Icelandic horse. Landsmót is also a social gathering, uniting people who are dedicated to the Icelandic horse, both within Iceland and from abroad. The study also concluded that Landsmót is about competition and ranking of the best horses, while at the same time it is an event true to tradition and family activity. Finally, the main conclusions reveal that Landsmót is very important for marketing and communication of the qualities of the Icelandic horse.
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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, Mark Turin, and Members of the Choné Tibetan Community. "Zhanglu and Tsalu / ཞང་གླུ་དང་ཚ་གླུ། / 送亲辞和迎亲辞." In World Oral Literature Series, 703–60. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.08.
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This chapter consists of ‘Zhanglu’ and ‘Tsalu’, also known as the ‘Song of the Wife Giver’ and ‘Song of the Wife Taker’, that are performed on wedding days. The lyrics focus on the series of actions taken by the groom to receive the bride as well as the steps taken by maternal uncles to escort the bride to the groom’s house. The content emphasizes both the challenging and entertaining aspects of the wedding ceremony and praises the courage and wit of the maternal uncles and groom.
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Jæger, Kari, and Guðrún Helgadóttir. "Volunteering at Landsmót: gaining knowledge and experience." In Humans, horses and events management, 99–112. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0099.
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Abstract Landsmót (the National Championship of the Icelandic horse), the main equestrian event in Iceland, provides an opportunity to present Icelandic nature and culture in many ways, through horses, clothing, equipment and food. Landsmót is a biennial sports event which has become a meeting place for local and national participants (audience and volunteers) and also international audiences and volunteer tourists. It provides access to what is commonly termed 'the world of the Icelandic horse'. The findings in this chapter are based on interviews with volunteers and fieldwork at the Landsmót event at Hólar, Iceland, in 2016. There were two types of volunteers at the event: volunteer tourists who signed up due to their interest in the core activity; and members of local non-profit associations that took on tasks for the event as a fundraising activity. The findings suggest that these two groups require different volunteer management approaches and that a clearer strategy for managing international volunteer tourists is needed to meet their needs and expectations of the event community and to facilitate their co-creation of memorable experiences.
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Sfameni, Carla. "Divine Guests: Religious Identities and Groups of Deities in Roman Domestic Shrines." In Gods in the House, 105–35. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ash-eb.5.131028.
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Burdo, Natalia, Mikhail Videiko, John Chapman, and Bisserka Gaydarska. "Houses in the Archaeology of the Tripillia—Cucuteni Groups." In Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe, 95–115. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5289-8_5.
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Metz, Julia. "A Reality Check and Clearing House." In The European Commission, Expert Groups, and the Policy Process, 125–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137437235_6.
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Verbuč, David. "DIY Individuals, Music Groups, Houses, and Shows." In DIY House Shows and Music Venues in the US, 175–202. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003201090-11.
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Sigurðardóttir, Ingibjörg. "Segmentation, marketing, venue selection and competitiveness of events." In Humans, horses and events management, 74–87. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0074.
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Abstract Competitiveness of events is not a widely researched topic. As with destinations, countries, industries and businesses, competitiveness is highly relevant to events and their development. A number of factors affect the competitiveness of events, including segmentation, targeting, marketing, information flow and venue selection. This chapter focuses on identifying the target groups of the national championship of the Icelandic horse - Landsmót - and how the competitiveness of the event can be enhanced. The research included data from an on-site survey among visitors at Landsmót 2016 and online surveys among visitors following the 2014, 2016 and 2018 events. A total of 2729 responses was used for analysis. Findings indicated that, despite common interest in the Icelandic horse, the visitors to Landsmót have different expectations and needs. Accessible information, good facilities and a carefully planned programme are of importance for the competitiveness of the event. Taking care of repeat visitors and attracting new visitors are both important for the event. Finally, it is concluded that selection of two main venues, one in the rural north and another in the urban south, is most likely to meet the requirements of the current target market and to maximize the competitiveness of the event in the long run.
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Bandelli, Daniela. "Surrogacy in the United States: The Horse Is Out of the Barn." In Sociological Debates on Gestational Surrogacy, 67–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80302-5_5.
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AbstractThe United States are pioneers and leaders of surrogacy international market. Although, there are groups and NGOs in the civil society which are active on the issue of surrogacy (such as the Stop Surrogacy Now campaign in the abolitionist front, and the Center for Genetics and Society in the reformist one), this issue remains marginal in the public debate and has not reached the status of cause for feminists (as for example abortion, violence against women, sexual harassment, breast cancer, etc.). In the United States, the low engagement of feminists can be explained by looking at the evolution of surrogacy debate since the first clinics established in the 1980s to today’s advanced social acceptance of surrogacy and assisted reproduction, as well as to the centrality of the autonomy principle in American feminism, and radicalisation of the abortion debate. Feminists, who in 2020 still need to fight for access to safe and legal abortion, are very careful not to make a misstep in favour of their opponents by admitting that individual autonomy on the body and reproduction can, at times, be limited as a form of women’s protection and emancipation from commodification.
Conference papers on the topic "Horse grooms"
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Demilova, D. I., and H. H. Gadaev. "SPREAD OF NEMATODES PARASCARIS EQUORUM (GOEZE, 1782) IN THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.109-113.
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One of the obstacles to horse breeding development is parasitic diseases. According to literary sources, one of the most common equine helminth infections in Russia is parascaridosis. Allergic and toxic manifestations, and decreased performance, endurance and natural resistance are observed in horses suffering from helminthic diseases. In the Chechen Republic, horse breeding is mainly commercial. The research purpose was to study the spread of nematodes Parascaris equorum in various natural and climatic zones of the Republic. The studies were conducted in 2022– 2023 covering flat terrain and mountainous zone. The studies of horse feces revealed nematodes of the suborder Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum) with the infection rate of 7.0 to 41.7%. The study objects were 368 horses of different age groups spontaneously infected with nematodes, of which 211 animals in the flat land, and 157 animals in the mountainous zone. Fecal samples were examined by the coprological method. Nematodes Ascaridata are poorly studied intestinal nematode species of horses in the Chechen Republic. We have found that the greatest infection rate in horses is in the flat land and the mountainous zone in autumn, and the least is in spring. The helminth infection intensity was 4–41% in horses in the flat land, which was significantly higher than horses in the mountainous zone (1–23%). The difference in the infection rate in horses in the mountainous zone and flat land is determined by landscape (including topographies) and climatic characteristics.
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Лаздина, Мария. "THE IMAGE OF A HOUSE IN THE SLAVIC AND GERMANIC LANGUAGES." In Slavic ethnic groups, languages and cultures in the modern world. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/seyaikvsm-2021-09-23.18.
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Демин, В. А., and Е. В. Рябова. "DYNAMICS OF MEASUREMENTS IN YOUNG RUSSIAN HORSE BREED." In СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ В КОНЕВОДСТВЕ. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25727/hs.2019.1.35374.
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В статье проанализирована динамика промеров молодняка, полученного от производителей разных пород. Выявлены некоторые особенности роста у молодняка разного происхождения. Установлено, что с увеличением возраста различия между группами молодняка снижается. Обнаружено достоверное влияние фактора «порода отца» на промеры в возрасте 6 месяцев The article analyzes the dynamics of measurements in young animals received from stallions of different breeds. Some features of growth at young horses of different origin are revealed. It is established that with increasing age the differences between the groups of young horses decreases. The reliable influence of the factor «father’s breed» on the measurements at the age of 6 months was found.
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Timerbaeva, R. R., A. R. Shageeva, and G. S. Frolov. "GASTROINTESTINAL STRONGYLATOSIS OF HORSES." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.470-474.
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The epizootic situation was studied on gastrointestinal strongylatosis of horses in
Sosna, LLC of the Baltasinsky District, the Republic of Tatarstan. The study objects
were horses of different age groups, breeds, and sexes, spontaneously infected by
nematodes. Coproscopic studies were carried out by the modified helminthovoscopic
Kotelnikov-Khrenov method with ammonium nitrate and the helmintholarvoscopic
Shilnikov method. The generic assignment of pathogens of gastrointestinal
strongylatosis of horses was determined by cultivating nematode larvae belonging to
the Strongylata suborder. As a result of the coproscopic studies, it was found that horses
of different age groups were invaded by pathogens of gastrointestinal strongylatosis.
In December 2021, 30 horses were tested for helminthiasis. The results of the studies
showed that 20 out of 30 animals had gastrointestinal Strongylata infections with
66.7% extense-invasiveness, and the intense-invasiveness of 1 to 37 egg specimens in the field of view. The remaining 10 horses were free of helminths. The studies indicate
that the examination of the horses in Sosna, LLC detected intestinal nematodiasis
the causative agents of which were nematodes of the Strongylata suborder, the
genus Triсhonema. Thus, widespread parasitic diseases of horses on the farm were
gastrointestinal strongylatosis, in particular trichonematosis.
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Huang, Xudong, Haixin Chen, and Song Fu. "CFD Investigation on the Circumferential Grooves Casing Treatment of Transonic Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51107.
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The performance of NASA Rotor 37 with Circumferential Grooves Casing Treatment (CGCT) is studied with an in-house CFD code NSAWET. Based on the stall mechanism analysis, a number of CGCT configurations have been proposed and numerically tested. The computation results show that the stall mechanisms are strongly related with the width of tip clearance. With a small tip clearance, the stall process is dominated by the trailing edge separation, while the leading edge tip leakage vortex breakdown induced blockage causes stall in a large tip clearance configuration. Circumferential grooves at appropriate axial locations can be beneficial to the stall margin in these two types of stall processes. The effects of the groove width and depth are presented. The mechanisms of CGCT for different tip clearances are also discussed.
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Al-Kharraz, Heba, Rahaf Nader, Maha Al-Asmakh, and Jessica P. Johnson. "In Vitro Comparison of Two Single Layer Hand Sewn End-to-End Anastomosis Techniques in Normal Equine Jejunum: A Pilot study." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0192.
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Background: The equine small intestine can be affected by a variety of disorders, which may require some form of bypass or anastomosis procedure. Several small intestinal anastomosis techniques have been reported in scientific literature with the intention to minimize post-operative complications, however to our knowledge there are no published descriptions of the hand-sewn end-to-end single layer simple continuous Appositional technique for equine jejunojejunostomy. Objective: To compare and evaluate differences in the single layer continuous Appositional and the single layer continuous Lembert with respect to construction time, leakage pressure and bursting pressure; for the purpose of small intestinal anastomosis in the horse. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the time spent in the execution, leakage pressure and bursting pressure will be similar between the single layer continuous Lembert and the single layer simple continuous Appositional techniques. Since this is a pilot study, it is the first step to prove the efficacy of the Appositional technique by showing its similarity with the Lembert technique, considering the latter to be the ‘gold standard’. Methodology: Thirty-Seven intestinal segments from two horses were used to compare the single layer continuous Appositional and single layer continuous Lembert techniques. The time taken to execute the anastomoses, and the number of bites taken for each pattern, were recorded. Biomechanical testing was performed to determine leakage pressure and bursting pressure. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8. Result: The comparison in construction time between the Lembert group (mean, 24.23 mins, n=19) and the Appositional group (mean, 21.74 mins, n=18) were found to be statistically insignificant (P=0.3088). There was also no changes in Leakage pressure (P=0.3862) and bursting pressure (P=0.3135) between the two groups. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the Appositional technique is a viable alternative to the Lembert technique, with respect to construction time, leakage and bursting pressures, for the purpose of end-to-end jejunojejunal anastomosis in the horse
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Alkharraz, Heba, Rahaf Nader, Maha Al‐ Asmakh, and Jessica Johnson. "In Vitro Comparison of Two Single Layer Hand Sewn end‐to‐end Anastomosis Techniques in Normal Equine Jejunum: A Pilot Study." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0198.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The equine small intestine can be affected by a variety of disorders, which may require some form of bypass or anastomosis procedure. Several small intestinal anastomosis techniques have been reported in scientific literature with the intention to minimize post-operative complications, however to our knowledge there are no published descriptions of the hand-sewn end-to-end single layer simple continuous Appositional technique for equine jejunojejunostomy. Objective: To compare and evaluate differences in the single layer continuous Appositional and the single layer continuous Lembert with respect to construction time, leakage pressure and bursting pressure; for the purpose of small intestinal anastomosis in the horse. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the time spent in the execution, leakage pressure and bursting pressure will be similar between the single layer continuous Lembert and the single layer simple continuous Appositional techniques. Since this is a pilot study, it is the first step to prove the efficacy of the Appositional technique by showing its similarity with the Lembert technique, considering the latter to be the ‘gold standard’. Methodology: Thirty-Seven intestinal segments from two horses were used to compare the single layer continuous Appositional and single layer continuous Lembert techniques. The time taken to execute the anastomoses, and the number of bites taken for each pattern, were recorded. Biomechanical testing was performed to determine leakage pressure and bursting pressure. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8. Results: The comparison in construction time between the Lembert group (mean, 24.23 mins, n=19) and the Appositional group (mean, 21.74 mins, n=18) were found to be statistically insignificant (P=0.3088). There was also no changes in Leakage pressure (P=0.3862) and bursting pressure (P=0.3135) between the two groups. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the Appositional technique is a viable alternative to the Lembert technique, with respect to construction time, leakage and bursting pressures, for the purpose of end-to-end jejunojejunal anastomosis in the horse.
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Ropa, Anastasija. "Sustainability of Equestrian Physical Activities During Covid-19 Pandemic." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.78.
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Covid-19 and restrictions intended to curb the pandemic have affected all areas of human life, but in particular physical activities and exercise habits. Reduction in the time devoted to physical activities have been reported in all demographic groups in various countries, leading to both physical (excessive weight, deterioration of posture, decreased eyesight, increased blood pressure, etc.) and psychological problems (depressive mood). Equestrians were less susceptible to certain restrictions because they could exercise outdoors and individually. Also, horse owners are more likely to regularly spend time with their equine sporting partners. It remains to be determined if and to what extent the pandemic has affected the physical activities of equestrians and whether equestrian physical activities provide a sustainable source of exercise during Covid-19 pandemic. In order to determine this, empirical evidence was collected using a questionnaire that was distributed among the multinational base population of equestrians. The working hypothesis is that patterns of physical activity while working with horses and taking care of the animals had to be adjusted due to restrictions, but overall equestrian activities were sustained and, in some cases, might have even increased. At the same time, the nature of activities is more likely to have been changed: for instance, privileging individual outdoor trainings over group indoor ones and non-competitive recreational riding over competitive activities.
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Chen, Haixin, Xudong Huang, Ke Shi, Song Fu, Matthew A. Bennington, Scott C. Morris, Mark Ross, Scott McNulty, and Aspi Wadia. "A CFD Study of Circumferential Groove Casing Treatments in a Transonic Axial Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23606.
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Numerical investigations were conducted to predict the performance of a transonic axial compressor rotor with circumferential groove casing treatment. The Notre Dame Transonic Axial Compressor (ND-TAC) was simulated by Tsinghua University with an in-house CFD code (NSAWET) for this work. Experimental data from the ND-TAC were used to define the geometry, boundary conditions and data sampling method for the numerical simulation. These efforts, combined with several unique simulation approaches, such as non-matched grid boundary technology to treat the periodic boundaries and interfaces between groove grids and the passage grid, resulted in good agreement between the numerical and experimental results for overall compressor performance and radial profiles of exit total pressure. Efforts were made to study blade level flow mechanisms to determine how the casing treatment impacts the compressor’s stall margin and performance. The flow structures in the passage, the tip gap and the grooves as well as their mutual interactions were plotted and analyzed. The flow and momentum transport across the tip gap in the smooth wall and the casing treatment configurations were quantitatively compared.
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Hoi, Yiemeng, and David A. Steinman. "CFD Challenge: Solutions Using the In-House Finite-Element-Based Solver NEWTETR." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80509.
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Briefly, this Challenge aims to test the sensitivity of steady and pulsatile pressure drops as predicted by different CFD solvers or groups, and ultimately against in vitro pressure measurements. The current study focuses on the Phase I of the Challenge. We simulated steady state and pulsatile pressure drops based on the nominal surface geometry and specific inlet flow rates on a giant cerebral aneurysm with proximal stenosis.
Reports on the topic "Horse grooms"
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Grimes, Arthur, Conal Smith, Kimberley O'Sullivan, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Lydia Le Gros, and Rachel Kowalchuk Dohig. Micro-geography and public tenant wellbeing. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2023.08.
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The micro-geography of people’s wellbeing depends on house and neighbourhood characteristics. We show that the form of tenancy is also important. Identical people in identical settings may have different wellbeing outcomes depending on their security of housing tenure. Our findings utilise a survey administered to residents in public rental housing, private rentals and owner-occupiers in New Zealand, focusing on the capital city, Wellington. Despite selection effects which are likely to bias findings against higher wellbeing for public housing tenants, we find that public tenants have higher subjective wellbeing (WHO-5 and Life satisfaction) than do private tenants, and similar wellbeing to owner-occupiers. Length of tenure helps to explain wellbeing differences between public and private tenants, likely reflecting New Zealand law under which private renters have insecure tenure (relative to many overseas jurisdictions). We find also that wellbeing is associated with residents’ perceptions of house suitability and neighbourhood suitability. House suitability reflects house quality, condition, cold and dampness. Neighbourhood suitability reflects the importance of social capital and of living in a safe area. Some characteristics are more important for certain population groups than for others; hence analysts should be wary of generalising about relationships between microgeographic factors and wellbeing.
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Crystal, Victoria, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Yucca House National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293617.
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Yucca House National Monument (YUHO) in southwestern Colorado protects unexcavated archeological structures that were constructed by the Ancestral Puebloan people between 1050 and 1300 CE. It was established by Woodrow Wilson by presidential proclamation in 1919 and named “Yucca House” by archeologist Jesse Fewkes as a reference to the names used for this area by the local Ute, Tewa Pueblo, and other Native groups. It was originally only 3.9 ha (9.6 ac) of land, but in 1990, an additional 9.7 ha (24 ac) of land was donated by Hallie Ismay, allowing for the protection of additional archeological resources. Another acquisition of new land is currently underway, which will allow for the protection of even more archeological sites. The archeological resources at YUHO remain unexcavated to preserve the integrity of the structures and provide opportunities for future generations of scientists. One of the factors that contributed to the Ancestral Puebloans settling in the area was the presence of natural springs. These springs likely provided enough water to sustain the population, and the Ancestral Puebloans built structures around one of the larger springs, Aztec Spring. Yet, geologic features and processes were shaping the area of southwest Colorado long before the Ancestral Puebloans constructed their dwellings. The geologic history of YUHO spans millions of years. The oldest geologic unit exposed in the monument is the Late Cretaceous Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale. During the deposition of the Mancos Shale, southwestern Colorado was at the bottom of an inland seaway. Beginning about 100 million years ago, sea level rose and flooded the interior of North America, creating the Western Interior Seaway, which hosted a thriving marine ecosystem. The fossiliferous Juana Lopez Member preserves this marine environment, including the organisms that inhabited it. The Juana Lopez Member has yielded a variety of marine fossils, including clams, oysters, ammonites, and vertebrates from within YUHO and the surrounding area. There are four species of fossil bivalves (the group including clams and oysters) found within YUHO: Cameleolopha lugubris, Inoceramus dimidius, Inoceramus perplexus, and Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. There are six species of ammonites in three genera found within YUHO: Baculites undulatus, Baculites yokoyamai, Prionocyclus novimexicanus, Prionocyclus wyomingensis, Scaphites warreni, and Scaphites whitfieldi. There is one unidentifiable vertebrate bone that has been found in YUHO. Fossils within YUHO were first noticed in 1875–1876 by W. H. Holmes, who observed fossils within the building stones of the Ancestral Puebloans’ structures. Nearly half of the building stones in the archeological structures at YUHO are fossiliferous slabs of the Juana Lopez Member. There are outcrops of the Juana Lopez 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to the west of the structures, and it is hypothesized that the Ancestral Puebloans collected the building stones from these or other nearby outcrops. Following the initial observation of fossils, very little paleontology work has been done in the monument. There has only been one study focused on the paleontology and geology of YUHO, which was prepared by paleontologist Mary Griffitts in 2001. As such, this paleontological resource inventory report serves to provide information to YUHO staff for use in formulating management activities and procedures associated with the paleontological resources. In 2021, a paleontological survey of YUHO was conducted to revisit previously known fossiliferous sites, document new fossil localities, and assess collections of YUHO fossils housed at the Mesa Verde National Park Visitor and Research Center. Notable discoveries made during this survey include: several fossils of Cameleolopha lugubris, which had not previously been found within YUHO; and a fossil of Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. that was previously unknown from within YUHO.
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Welch, David, and Gregory Deierlein. Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/yyqh3072.
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This report outlines the development of earthquake damage functions and comparative loss metrics for single-family wood-frame buildings with and without seismic retrofit of vulnerable cripple wall and stem wall conditions. The underlying goal of the study is to quantify the benefits of the seismic retrofit in terms of reduced earthquake damage and repair or reconstruction costs. The earthquake damage and economic losses are evaluated based on the FEMA P-58 methodology, which incorporates detailed building information and analyses to characterize the seismic hazard, structural response, earthquake damage, and repair/reconstruction costs. The analyses are informed by and include information from other working groups of the Project to: (1) summarize past research on performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identify construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterize earthquake hazard and ground motions in California; (4) conduct laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies and sill anchorages; and (5) validate the component loss models with data from insurance claims adjustors. Damage functions are developed for a set of wood-frame building variants that are distinguished by the number of stories (one- versus two-story), era (age) of construction, interior wall and ceiling materials, exterior cladding material, and height of the cripple walls. The variant houses are evaluated using seismic hazard information and ground motions for several California locations, which were chosen to represent the range seismicity conditions and retrofit design classifications outlined in the FEMA P-1100 guidelines for seismic retrofit. The resulting loss models for the Index Building variants are expressed in terms of three outputs: Mean Loss Curves (damage functions), relating expected loss (repair cost) to ground-motion shaking intensity, Expected Annual Loss, describing the expected (mean) loss at a specific building location due to the risk of earthquake damage, calculated on an annualized basis, and Expected RC250 Loss, which is the cost of repairing damage due to earthquake ground shaking with a return period of 250 years (20% chance of exceedance in 50 years). The loss curves demonstrate the effect of seismic retrofit by comparing losses in the existing (unretrofitted) and retrofitted condition across a range of seismic intensities. The general findings and observations demonstrate: (1) cripple walls in houses with exterior wood siding are more vulnerable than ones with stucco siding to collapse and damage; (2) older pre-1945 houses with plaster on wood lath interior walls are more susceptible to damage and losses than more recent houses with gypsum wallboard interiors; (3) two-story houses are more vulnerable than one-story houses; (4) taller (e.g., 6-ft-tall) cripple walls are generally less vulnerable to damage and collapse than shorter (e.g., 2-ft-tall) cripple walls; (5) houses with deficient stem wall connections are generally observed to be less vulnerable to earthquake damage than equivalent unretrofitted cripple walls with the same superstructure; and (6) the overall risk of losses and the benefits of cripple wall retrofit are larger for sites with higher seismicity. As summarized in the report, seismic retrofit of unbraced cripple walls can significantly reduce the risk of earthquake damage and repair costs, with reductions in Expected RC250 Loss risk of up to 50% of the house replacement value for an older house with wood-frame siding at locations of high seismicity. In addition to the reduction in repair cost risk, the seismic retrofit has an important additional benefit to reduce the risk of major damage that can displace residents from their house for many months.
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Fyfe, Caroline, Phoebe Taptiklis, Dominic White, and Niven Winchester. Review of emissions data and modelling systems (Phase 1) Report. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2023.06.
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The purpose of this report is to review greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change migaon data and models. Building an evidence base to monitor and assess the impacts of iniaves is explicitly menoned in Aotearoa New Zealand’s First Emissions Reducon Plan (05/2022). Economic-Environmental modelling plays an important role in decision making to achieve emission reducon targets. Data is hosted by a range of organisaons and collected using different frameworks and methodologies. There is less awareness of data available through Stats NZ which may have led to it being underused. Main collated data sources are the GHG emissions account and the GHG emissions inventory. Sector specific data are available through relevant agencies. A detailed stock-take of New Zealand’s modelling capacity idenfied 84 climate change or climate change migaon models: 13 mul-sector models, 23 land use and agricultural models, 25 energy models, and 23 transport models. The stock-take idenfied at least one model for each sector of the ERP, except for Building and Construcon. Modelling capacity varies between sectors with those that are more developed, demonstrang greater interdependency between models. Almost all modelling takes a producon-based approach. Capacity for a consumpon-based approach was much more limited. Two examples of formal collaboraon are idenfied through the review. No formal internaonal collaboraon (outside of internaonal reporng requirements) was idenfied. A preference was expressed for modelling in-house to facilitate alignment with policy development. However, this may have contributed to lack of collaboraon on progress towards common targets. Connecons with groups outside of government are also limited.
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Sklenar, Ihor. The newspaper «Christian Voice» (Munich) in the postwar period: history, thematic range of expression, leading authors and publicists. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11393.
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The article considers the history, thematic range of expression and a number of authors and publicists of the newspaper «Christian Voice» (with the frequency of a fortnightly). It has been published in Munich by nationally conscious groups of migrants since 1949 as a part of the «Ukrainian Christian Publishing House». The significance of this Ukrainian newspaper in post-Nazi Germany is only partly comprehended in the works of a number of diaspora press’s researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to supplement the scientific information about the «Christian Voice» in the postwar period, in particular, the yearbook for 1957 was chosen as the principal subject of analysis. In the process of writing the article, we used such methods: analysis, synthesis, content analysis, generalization and others. Thus, the results of our study became the socio-political and religious context in which the «Christian Voice» was founded. The article is also a concise overview of the titles of Ukrainian magazines in post-Nazi Germany in the 1940s and 1950s. The thematic analysis of publications of 1957 showed the main trends of journalistic texts in the newspaper and the journalistic skills of it’s iconic authors and publicists (D. Buchynsky, M. Bradovych, S. Shah, etc.). The thematic range of the newspaper after 1959 was somewhat narrowed due to the change in the status of the «Christian Voice» when it became the official newspaper of the UGCC in Germany. It has been distinguished two main thematic blocks of the newspaper ‒ social and religious. Historians will find interesting factual material from the newspaper publications about the life of Ukrainians in the diaspora. Historians of journalism can supplement the bibliographic apparatus in the journalistic and publicistic works of the authors in the postwar period of the newspaper and in subsequent years of publishing. Based upon the publications of the «Christian Voice» in different years, not only since 1957, journalists can study the contents and a form of different genres, linguistic peculiarities in the newspaper articles, and so on.
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Rojas, Eduardo. The Long Road to Housing Reform: Lessons from the Chilean Experience. Inter-American Development Bank, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008522.
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Chile's housing policy is widely regarded as a success. For almost a decade, new construction has been above the level required to provide houses for new families and replace obsolete structures. This raises hopes that within the next decade all families in Chile will occupy dwellings that comply with minimum quality and service standards. This is no small accomplishment for a country just entering the middle ground in the development scale. Moreover, the private sector is taking an increasingly active role in housing production and financing. This too is a significant achievement considering that in the 1970s most housing was built and financed by the government. Further, government assistance is effectively reaching the poor, and most public resources are benefiting low-income households. Confidence in the housing policy is high among the low-income population as expressed in their high level of participation in a housing savings program and by the absence of land invasions. These accomplishments are the result of a long maturation process in the Chilean housing sector. Fifty years of government policy have consolidated the legal, institutional, and entrepreneurial foundations of the current housing production and financing system. Several success factors can be identified: an integrated sector approach (which incorporates the housing needs of all income groups); an efficient subsidy system (the result of a long process of experimentation); and reforms of the general banking system and the social security system (which created strong institutions to intermediate the financial resources accumulated by pension funds and life insurance companies). Even with its accomplishments, Chile's housing sector still faces significant challenges. Improvements are needed to more effectively mobilize the resources devoted to housing. The lack of coordination between housing and urban development policies is becoming a major liability for both efficient housing production and equitable urban growth. Direct government involvement in house construction and home financing enforce uniformity in design and repayment schedules failing to fully meet the diversified demand of the target households and to fully mobilize the repayment capacity of beneficiaries. It is suggested that it may be time for housing policy to move beyond this basic approach introducing more flexibility through greater market participation in low-income housing.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.
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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Committee on Toxicology. COT FSA PBPK for Regulators Workshop Report 2021. Food Standards Agency, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tyy821.
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The future of food safety assessment in the UK depends on the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) adaptability and flexibility in responding to and adopting the accelerating developments in science and technology. The Tox21 approach is an example of one recent advancement in the development of alternative toxicity testing approaches and computer modelling strategies for the evaluation of hazard and exposure (New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). A key aspect is the ability to link active concentrations in vitro to likely concentrations in vivo, for which physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is ideally suited. The UK FSA and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) held an “PBPK for Regulators” workshop with multidisciplinary participation, involving delegates from regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry. The workshop provided a platform to enable expert discussions on the application of PBPK to health risk assessment in a regulatory context. Presentations covered current application of PBPK modelling in the agrochemical industry for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), pharmaceutical industry for drug absorption related issues (e.g., the effect of food on drug absorption) and drug-drug interaction studies, as well as dose extrapolations to special populations (e.g., those with a specific disease state, paediatric/geriatric age groups, and different ethnicities), environmental chemical risk assessment, an overview of the current regulatory guidance and a PBPK model run-through. This enabled attendees to consider the wide potential and fitness for purpose of the application of PBPK modelling in these fields. Attendees considered applicability in the context of future food safety assessment for refining exposure assessments of chemicals with narrow margins of exposure and/or to fill data gaps from more traditional approaches (i.e., data from animal testing). The overall conclusions from the workshop were as follows: PBPK modelling tools were applicable in the areas of use covered, and that expertise was available (though it is in small numbers). PBPK modelling offers opportunities to address questions for compounds that are otherwise not possible (e.g., considerations of human variability in kinetics) and allows identification of “at risk” subpopulations. The use of PBPK modelling tends to be applied on a case-by-case basis and there appears to be a barrier to widespread acceptance amongst regulatory bodies due to the lack of available in-house expertise (apart from some medical and environmental agencies such as the European Medicines Agency, United States Food and Drug Administration, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, respectively). Familiarisation and further training opportunities on the application of PBPK modelling using real world case studies would help in generating interest and developing more experts in the field, as well as furthering acceptance. In a regulatory context, establishing fitness for purpose for the use of PBPK models requires transparent discussion between regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry and the development of a harmonised guidance such as by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) would provide a starting point. Finally, PBPK modelling is part of the wider “new approach methodologies” for risk assessment, and there should be particular emphasis in modelling both toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics.
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Staff - Groups - H/O - Graham House and Charles Jardine - c.1950s. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-002735.
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