Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Horse grooms'

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院
京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第23052号
理博第4729号
京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 平田 聡, 教授 幸島 司郎, 教授 伊谷 原一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Science
Kyoto University
DGAM

Reintroduction of an endangered species or subspecies is only the first step towards ensuring survival and population increase. The first phase of takhi (Equus ferus przewalskii) reintroductions has been successful, but populations remain at risk from isolation, resource competition with humans and livestock, and hybridisation with modern domestic horses. Greater social cohesion in takhi family groups reduces the risk of individual and group isolation and of hybridisation, which in turn increases the integrity and vigour of reintroduced populations. The aim of this study was to investigate potential behavioural mechanisms of social cohesion in reintroduced takhi, exploring mechanisms of cohesion both within and between family groups. Interindividual spatial distribution served as a surrogate measure of cohesion, and potential mechanisms included interindividual interactions and differences in individual reproductive state, personality, and group membership. Social network analysis was used to identify classes of takhi significantly central to spatial and interaction networks. Two repeatable personality traits were detected (sociability and assertiveness), but reproductive state had a stronger influence on cohesion than did personality. Mares were the most active managers of intragroup spatial distribution. Stallions were the most active managers of intergroup cohesion. Stallions and colts were most active in intergroup affiliative networks. Overall, reproductive state most clearly dictated individual involvement in interactions influencing intra- and intergroup cohesion, while group membership and personality influenced intergroup spatial cohesion. This study is the first to incorporate personality assessment and fine-scale spatial data into an investigation of Type I equid social structure in naturally established, free-living takhi family groups. Future takhi management efforts should focus on monitoring interstallion relationships, colt social development, and filly dispersal as the primary sources of variation and changes in group and herd level cohesion in takhi populations. Results of this study can be applied to adaptive management of takhi populations, and groups and herds of other Type I equids, including feral and domestic horses.

Malgré son indéniable succès pour décrire les systèmes physiques à l'équilibre thermodynamique (grâce à la distribution de Boltzmann, reflétant la maximisation de l'entropie, et permettant la construction systématique de potentiels thermodynamiques), la physique statistique n'offre pas de cadre général pour étudier les phénomènes hors d'équilibre, i.e dans lesquels on observe un courant moyen non nul d'une grandeur physique (énergie, charge, particules...).L'objectif de la thèse est de décrire de tels systèmes à l'aide de modèles très simples mais qui retranscrivent néanmoins les principales caractéristiques physiques de ceux-ci. Ces modèles sont constitués de particules se déplacant de manière aléatoire sur un réseau unidimensionnel connecté à des réservoirs et soumises à un principe d'exclusion. L'enjeu est de calculer exactement l'état stationnaire du modèle, notamment le courant de particules, ses fluctuations et plus particulièrement sa fonction de grande déviation (qui pourrait jouer le rôle d'un potentiel thermodynamique hors d'équilibre).Une première partie de la thèse vise à construire des modèles dits intégrables, dans lesquels il est possible de mener à bien des calculs exacts de quantités physiques. De nouveaux modèles hors d'équilibre sont proposés grâce à la résolution dans des cas particuliers de l'équation de Yang-Baxter et de l'équation de réflexion. De nouvelles structures algébriques permettant la construction de ces solutions par une procédure de Baxtérisation sont introduites.Une deuxième partie de la thèse consiste à calculer exactement l'état stationnaire de tels modèles en utilisant l'ansatz matriciel. Les liens entre cette technique et l'intégrabilité du modèle ont été mis en lumière au travers de deux relations clef: la relation de Zamolodchikov-Faddeev et la relation de Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov. L'intégrabilité a aussi été exploitée au travers des equations de Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov quantiques, afin de calculer les fluctuations du courant, mettant en lumière des connexions avec la théorie despolynômes symétriques (polynômes de Koornwinder en particulier).Enfin une dernière partie de la thèse porte sur la limite hydrodynamique des modèles étudiés, i.e lorsque la maille du réseau tend vers zero et que le nombre de constituants du système tend vers l'infini. Les résultats exacts obtenus sur les modèles à taille finie ont permis de vérifier les prédictions de la théorie des fluctuations macroscopiques (concernant les fluctuations du courant et du profil de densité dans l'état stationnaire) et de l'étendre à des modèles comprenant plusieurs espèces de particules
Although statistical physics has been very successful to describe physical systems at thermal equilibrium (thanks to the Boltzmann distribution, which reflects the maximization of the entropy, and allows one to construct in a systematic way thermodynamic potentials), it remains elusive to provide an efficient framework to study phenomena that are out-of-equilibrium, i.e displaying non vanishing current of physical quantities (energy, charge, particles...).The goal of the thesis is to describe such systems with very simple models which retain nevertheless their main physical features. The models consist in particles evolving randomly on a one dimensional lattice connected to reservoirs and subject to hard-core repulsion. The challenge lies in computing exactly the stationary state of the model, especially the particle current, its fluctuations and more precisely its large deviation function (which is expected to play the role of an out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic potential).In the first part of the thesis we construct models, called integrable, in which we can perform exact computations of physical quantities. We introduce several new out-of-equilibrium models that are obtained by solving, in specific cases, the Yang-Baxter equation and the reflection equation. We provide new algebraic structures which allow us to construct the solutions through a Baxterisation procedure.In the second part of the thesis we compute exactly the stationary state of these models using a matrix ansatz. We shed light on the connection between this technique and the integrability of the model by pointing out two key relations: the Zamolodchikov-Faddeev relation and the Ghoshal-Zamolodchikov relation. The integrability is also exploited, through the quantum Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, to compute the fluctuations of the particles current, unrevealing connections with the theory of symmetric polynomials (the Koornwinder polynomials in particular).Finally the last part of the thesis deals with the hydrodynamic limit of the models, i.e when the lattice spacing tends to $0$ and the number of particles tends to infinity. The exact results obtained for a finite size system allow us to check the validity of the predictions of the macroscopic fluctuations theory (concerning the fluctuations of the current and the density profile in the stationary state) and to extend the theory to systems with several species of particles

[ES] El espectro de la luz solar está compuesto por una amplia gama de radiaciones electromagnéticas las cuales tienen diferentes impactos sobre la vida en la tierra. Entre ellas, las pertenecientes a la región ultravioleta toman un papel principal cuando nos referimos a la fotobiología, ya que pueden interactuar con las biomoléculas por medio de procesos tanto directos como fotosensibilizados. Como resultado, estas biomoléculas pueden sufrir modificaciones que no siempre tienen efectos beneficiosos. En este contexto, los daños fotoinducidos al ADN son de gran relevancia ya que están estrechamente relacionados con la creciente incidencia de cáncer de piel. Por ello, es necesario investigar tanto los mecanismos involucrados en dichos procesos como el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para combatirlos. En la presente tesis se da respuesta a estas necesidades mediante el desarrollo y empleo de grupos protectores fotolábiles (PPG). En una primera parte se avanza en el desarrollo de nuevos PPG basados en filtros solares. Estos ofrecen la ventaja de actuar, una vez liberados, como un escudo protector frente a la radiación ultravioleta. En este contexto, en el Capítulo 3 se profundiza en las propiedades fotofísicas y fotoquímicas de los sistemas formados por la avobenzona como PPG de ácidos carboxílicos, más concretamente del ketoprofeno (KP) y del naproxeno (NPX). En este estudio se analiza por medio de modelado molecular y técnicas espectroscópicas la influencia que tiene la energía relativa del triplete de la avobenzona en su forma dicetónica, 3AB(K)*, respecto a la de los compuestos protegidos en el proceso de liberación. Siguiendo en esta misma línea de trabajo, en el Capítulo 4 se ha desarrollado un nuevo PPG capaz de liberar el filtro solar oxibenzona (OB) junto con compuestos carbonílicos. En una segunda parte, el foco de atención se ha puesto en el concepto de "Caballo de Troya", el cual establece que ciertas lesiones del ADN pueden actuar a su vez como fotosensibilizadores endógenos generando así nuevas lesiones en su entorno. En este contexto, en el Capítulo 5 se han estudiado, mediante métodos tanto experimentales como teóricos, las propiedades fotosensibilizantes de dos de los daños oxidativos del ADN, el 5-formiluracilo (ForU) y la 5-formilcitosina (ForC), poniendo especial énfasis en la capacidad de estos para poblar sus estados tripletes, así como de inducir la formación fotosensibilizada de dímeros ciclobutánicos de pirimidina (CPD). Por último, en el Capítulo 6 se ha desarrollado una nueva alternativa sintética para la incorporación del ForU en oligonucleótidos. Debido a la inestabilidad del grupo aldehído, esta síntesis se lleva a cabo generalmente mediante la incorporación de un precursor el cual es posteriormente convertido en el ForU mediante la acción de un agente oxidante. Por el contrario, en la nueva alternativa planteada el aldehído es protegido con un PPG, de manera que una vez insertado en el ODN, el aldehído es liberado de forma selectiva mediante el empleo de luz. Este trabajo supone un avance en el estudio de las propiedades fotosensibilizantes del ForU ofreciendo una nueva herramienta para la evaluación de las mismas en un entorno más cercano al del ADN.
[CA] L'espectre de la llum solar està compost per una àmplia gamma de radiacions electromagnètiques les quals tenen diferents impactes sobre la vida en la terra. Entre elles, les pertanyents a la regió ultraviolada prenen un paper principal quan ens referim a la fotobiologia, ja que poden interactuar amb les biomolècules per mitjà de processos tant directes com fotosensibilitzats. Com a resultat, aquestes biomolècules poden patir modificacions que no sempre tenen efectes beneficiosos. En este context, els danys fotoinduits a l'ADN són de gran rellevància ja que estan estretament relacionats amb la creixent incidència de càncer de pell. Per això, és necessari tant d'investigar els mecanismes involucrats en els processos com el desenvolupament de noves estratègies per a combatre'ls. En la present tesi es dóna resposta a aquestes necessitats per mitjà del desenvolupament i ús de grups protectors fotolàbils (PPG). En una primera part s'avança en el desenvolupament de nous PPG basats en filtres solars. Estos ofereixen l'avantatge d'actuar, una vegada alliberats, com un escut protector enfront de la radiació ultraviolada. En este context, en el capítol 3 s'aprofundeix en les propietats fotofísiques i fotoquímiques dels sistemes formats per l'avobenzona com PPG d'àcids carboxílics, més concretament del ketoprofé (KP) i del naproxé (NPX). En este estudi s'analitza per mitjà de modelatge molecular i tècniques espectroscòpiques la influència que té en el procés d'alliberament l'energia relativa del triplet de l'avobenzona en la seua forma dicetònica, 3AB(K)*, respecte a la dels compostos protegits. En esta mateixa línia de treball, en el capítol 4 s'ha desenvolupat un nou PPG capaç d'alliberar el filtre solar oxibenzona (OB) junt amb compostos carbonílics. En una segona part, el focus d'atenció s'ha posat en el concepte de "Cavall de Troia", el qual estableix que certes lesions de l'ADN poden actuar al seu torn com fotosensibilitzadors endògens generant així noves lesions en el seu entorn. En este context, en el capítol 5 s'han estudiat, per mitjà de mètodes tant experimentals com teòrics, les propietats fotosensibilitzants de dos dels danys oxidatius de l'ADN, el 5-formiluracil (ForU) i la 5-formilcitosina (ForC), posant especial èmfasi tant en la capacitat d'estos per a poblar els seus estats triplet, com d'induir la formació fotosensibilitzada de dímers ciclobutànics de pirimidina (CPD). Finalment, en el capítol 6 s'ha desenvolupat una nova alternativa sintètica per a la incorporació del ForU en oligonucleòtids. A causa de la inestabilitat del grup aldehid, esta síntesi es duu a terme generalment per mitjà de la incorporació d'un precursor el qual és posteriorment convertit en el ForU per mitjà de l'acció d'un agent oxidant. Al contrari, en la nova alternativa plantejada l'aldehid és protegit amb un PPG, de manera que una vegada inserit en l'oligonucleòtid, l'aldehid és alliberat de forma selectiva per mitjà de l'ús de llum. Este treball suposa un avanç en l'estudi de les propietats fotosensibilitzants del ForU i ofereix una nova ferramenta per a l'avaluació de les mateixes en un entorn més pròxim al de l'ADN.
[EN] The solar spectrum is composed of a wide range of electromagnetic radiations which have different impacts on life on earth. Among them, those belonging to the ultraviolet region are of utmost importance when we refer to photobiology, since they can interact with biomolecules through both direct and photosensitized processes. As a result, these biomolecules can undergo modifications that do not always have beneficial effects. In this context, photoinduced DNA damage is of great relevance as it is closely related to the increasing incidence of skin cancer. Therefore, it is necessary both to investigate the mechanisms involved in these processes and to develop new strategies to avoid them. In this Thesis these issues have been addressed through the development and use of photolabile protecting groups (PPG). The first part of this Thesis involves the development of new PPG based on solar filters. Once released, these PPG offer the advantage of acting as ultraviolet shields. In this context, Chapter 3 looks into the photophysical and photochemical properties of those systems formed by avobenzone as PPG of carboxylic acids, more specifically ketoprofen (KP) and naproxen (NPX). In this study, the influence on the photorelease process of the relative energetic location of the avobenzone triplet manifold in its diketo form, 3AB(K)*, with respect to that of its caged compound, is duly analyzed by means of molecular modeling and spectroscopic techniques. Following this same line of work, a new PPG capable of releasing oxybenzone (OB) solar filter along with carbonyl compounds has been developed in Chapter 4. The second part of this Thesis focuses on the "Trojan Horse" concept, which establishes that certain DNA lesions can act as endogenous photosensitizers, thus generating new lesions in their neighborhood. In this context, in Chapter 5 the photosensitizing properties of two oxidatively generated DNA damages, namely 5-formyluracil (ForU) and 5-formylcytosine (ForC), have been studied by means of experimental and theoretical approaches. Here, special emphasis has been placed on unraveling their capacity to photoinduce the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Finally, in Chapter 6 a new synthetic alternative for the incorporation of ForU into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) has been developed. Due to the instability of the aldehyde group, this synthesis is generally carried out by incorporating a precursor which is subsequently converted into ForU by the action of an oxidative agent. On the contrary, in the new approach, the aldehyde is protected with a PPG, so that once inserted into the ODN, the aldehyde is selectively released through the use of light. This work entails a step forward in the study of the photosensitizing properties of ForU, offering a new tool for their evaluation within the DNA environment.
Lineros Rosa, M. (2021). Photoremovable protecting groups for carbonyl compounds of biological interest [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/167764
TESIS

In the world today there is a tendency that women and minority groups are under-represented in political decision-making. In order to come to terms with the under-representation of women and minorities many countries are taking measures to increase the number of women and minority representatives. However,there is an ongoing debate on whether increased number of group representatives lead to increased representation of group interests. The question is if women and minority representatives are more responsive to their respective group’s interests compared to other representatives. In this study, I have conducted asurvey with members of the Jordanian House of Representatives in order to investigate whether women and minority representatives are more responsive to their respective group’s interests compared to other representatives. The survey has been designed to capture representatives’ priorities and attitudes towards certain policy areas and issues. The results from the survey show that women and minority representatives to a certain extent are more responsive to their respective group’s interests compared to other representatives, indicating that an increased number of women and minority representatives would lead to increased representation of women and minority interests. Furthermore,this study finds that female representatives are more responsive to women’s interests when it comes to priorities than when it comes to attitudes, whereas representatives from the Christian minority are more responsive to Christian issues when it comes to attitudes than when it comes to priorities. These results indicate that there are differences between different groups when it comes to the representation of their groups’ interests. Thus, research on one group might not be directly transferable to other groups.

L’équilibre de l’écosystème microbien du caecum (Ca) et du colon ventral droit (Cn) équin peut être rompu par un changement brusque d’aliments et par une ration riche en amidon, et conduire à l’apparition de coliques. Chez des chevaux soumis à ces deux pratiques alimentaires, nous avons étudié les modifications de ces écosystèmes, de l’écosystème microbien fécal et de paramètres sanguins. Nous avons également testé la supplémentation composée de Saccharomyces cerevisiae et de microalgues Schizochytrium limacinum dans le cadre d’une collaboration avec Alltech. Nous avons montré que les écosystèmes microbiens du Ca et du Cn, stables lors d’un régime foin, pouvaient être rapidement modifiés par le stress provoqué par les deux pratiques alimentaires. Chez les chevaux supplémentés certains taxons bactériens potentiellement fibrolytiques ont augmenté dans le Ca et le Cn, et les dysbioses résultant d’un régime riche en amidon ont été limitées. Nous avons identifié plusieurs paramètres fécaux et sanguins reflétant les variations de l’écosystème microbien du Ca et Cn lors d’un changement de régime: les groupes bactériens fonctionnels, les abondances relatives de taxons bactériens (la famille XIII de Clostridiales, Succinivibrionaceae et des genres appartenant à Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae ou Prevotellaceae), les proportions et le ratio d’AGV, la concentration de valerate, les lipopolysaccharides fécaux ainsi que le beta-hydroxybutyrate sanguin. Ces paramètres semblent prometteurs pour diagnostiquer les dysbioses du gros intestin équin et prévenir l’apparition des coliques chez le cheval
The balance of the microbial ecosystem of the caecum (Ca) and the right ventral colon (Cn) of the horse can be disturbed by an abrupt change of feed and by a high-starch diet, and lead to appearance of colic. We investigated the alterations of these ecosystems, of the faecal microbial ecosystem and of blood parameters in horses subjected to these two dietary practices. In addition, we tested a supplementation combining the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum, in a context of partnership with Alltech. We showed that the Ca and Cn microbial ecosystems were stable under a hay diet, and can rapidly be modified under a stress caused by the two dietary practices. In supplemented horses, some potential fibrolytic bacterial taxa increased in the Ca and Cn, and the dysbiosis resulting from a high-starch diet were limited. We identified several faecal and blood parameters reflecting the variations of the Ca and Cn microbial ecosystem under a change of diet: the bacterial functional groups, the relative abundances of bacterial taxa (family XIII of Clostridiales, Succinivibrionaceae and genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae or Prevotellaceae), the proportion of acetate and propionate, the VFA ratio, the valerate concentration, the faecal lipopolysaccharides and the blood beta-hydroxybutyrate. These parameters appeared promising to diagnose dysbiosis in the proximal hindgut and thus prevent colic appearance in horses

1. For the first time a wide range of biochemical genetic markers and different typing techniques were used to access levels of genetic variability in Lithuanian horse breeds; 2. DNA based methods were used to access levels of genetic variation in Lithuanian horse breeds; 3. Genetic variation in Lithuanian horses was investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing; 4. Genetic relationship and genetic distances between the breeds were estimated using a wide range of different genetic markers.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions des réalisations de l'équation de Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) dans deux systèmes physiques différents. Le premier est un condensat hors équilibre d’Exciton-Polaritons, des excitations quasi-particulaires issues de l'interaction entre photons confinés et excitons. Un lien entre la dynamique de la phase du condensât et la dynamique KPZ avait été établi dans la littérature. En utilisant un modèle et des paramètres proches des configurations expérimentales réelles, nous montrons que des propriétés universelles KPZ sont observables dans des systèmes expérimentaux actuels à une dimension, et nous étendant cette analyse en examinant les propriétés dépendantes de la géométrie. De plus, nous généralisons cette correspondance pour des systèmes inhomogènes, dans lesquels le confinement, le désordre et les phonons activés thermiquement sont pris en compte. Les deuxièmes systèmes physiques que nous étudions sont des surfaces de croissance classiques dont la dynamique microscopique implique des corrélations temporelles dans le temps. Ces phénomènes sont décrits par une équation de KPZ dans laquelle le bruit est corrélé temporellement. Cette corrélation brise l'une des symétries principales de l'équation de KPZ et conduit possiblement à un nouveau point fixe. En utilisant la technique du groupe de renormalisation non perturbartive (NPRG), nous étudions des systèmes corrélés temporellement à court et à long terme dans une et deux dimensions. Dans le cas unidimensionnel, nous montrons que le point fixe pur KPZ persiste dans le cas à court terme et dans celui à long terme jusqu’à une valeur critique de l’exposant de corrélation. Ceci clarifie un débat de longue date sur les effets d'une corrélation temporelle infinitésimale dans l’équation de KPZ. En deux dimensions, nous trouvons une image similaire. Aucun autre résultat, à l'exception d'un calcul perturbatif à une boucle, n'existait dans la littérature pour deux dimensions
In this thesis we study the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in two different physical systems. The first is an out-of-equilibrium condensate of Exciton-Polaritons, which are quasi-particle excitations stemming from the interaction between confined photons and excitons. A mapping between the dynamics of the phase of the condensate and the KPZ dynamics was predicted in the literature. By using a model and parameters close to real experimental setups, we show that in excitons polaritons the distributions of the phase of the condensate follows the law predicted by KPZ equation and that KPZ universal properties are indeed observable in actual experimental systems in one dimension. Furthermore we generalize the mapping to inhomogeneous systems, in which confinement, disorder and thermally activated phonons are taken into account. The second physical systems we investigate are classical growing surfaces whose underlining microscopic dynamics involves temporal correlations in time. These phenomena are described by a KPZ equation wherethe noise is temporally correlated. This correlation breaks one of the founding symmetry of KPZ equation and leads to a possible new fixed point. Using non-perturbartive renormalization group (NPRG) technique we study both short and long range temporally correlated systems in one and two dimensions. In the one-dimensional case we show that the pure KPZ fixed point persists both in the short range and in the long range, up to a critical value of the correlation exponent. This clarifies a long lasting debate on the effects of infinitesimal time correlation inKPZ equation. In two dimensions we find a similar picture. No other results, except for a one-loop perturbative calculation existed in the literature for two dimensions

The main part of the doctoral thesis analyses the form of terraced housing in Czechoslovakia in the years 1945-1990. It searches for the original roots, the principles of formation and the characteristic types. The purpose was to find an answer to the question of where its values lie, because the state-controlled standardization negatively influenced the appearance of an average terraced house. The quest of seeking positive approaches the pre-war development of terraced housing and examines parallels between the groups of the 70s and the present. The subject is embedded in the wider framework of the state housing policy and its impact on the character of the new development. The thesis focuses on the period of the 70s, when family development culminat-ed. The main part analyzes three selected groups of terraced houses from the seventies. It is based on the study of available project documentations, which was made accessible by the archives of building authorities. Selected groups are considered in terms of public space and new types of terraced houses. The thesis highlights the diversity of typologi-cal forms of terraced houses of this period. The last part is devoted to the characteristics of terraced housing after 1990. The thesis summarizes the causes of the negative phenomena in suburban locations and shows the transformation of typical terraced houses. It analyses new approaches in urban development of family houses on selected groups. In the context of new concepts, it researches the solutions of public space and types of terraced houses. Finally, the thesis summarizes the transformation of the urban development of the terraced housing from 1945 to the present and proposes the other areas and problems suitable for exploration. The annexed documentary studies of three selected groups from the seventies, which were only partially published. Parts of the appendix are bar charts that evaluate the extent of the family development in individual time periods from 1945 to the present.

The purpose of this work was to present and apply an analytical tool to the flows of goods and income between economic agents and the environment that allows us to calculate the Environmental Gross Domestic Product (EGDP) for Brazilian Legal Amazon. In order to achieve this goal the Environmental Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) was developed. The model was developed from the traditional Social Accounting Matrix, the Environmental Input-Output Analysis Models, and from the United Nations handbook on the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accountings. The EGDP was calculated from the Environmental Input-Output Analysis, since the unavailability of data did not allow the application of the model of ESAM. The flows between the economy and the environment considered were the emissions of green house gases (depreciation of natural capital) and the investment needed to return the air to the same quality it had before being polluted. The results showed that the inclusion of depreciation of natural capital in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the added value (AV) calculation for each industry of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region diminished the AV significantly in the industries of cattle (235%), soybean (77%), and other activities of livestock and agricultural (24%). In the Rest of Brazil, the industries with the highest impact of depreciation of natural capital on AV were soybean (30%), cattle (15%) and sugarcane (13%). The total EGDP of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region was 15% smaller than its total GDP, whereas this difference for the rest of Brazil was 1%. Considering that the GDP is a component of economic wellbeing, the results show a significant reduction in economic wellbeing due to green house gas emissions released into the air by economic activities, mainly due to land use changes. The Environmental Social Accounting Matrix Model is a useful tool to help decision makers since it offers an analytical instrument for economic behavior and the impacts of economic activities on the environment.
The purpose of this work was to present and apply an analytical tool to the flows of goods and income between economic agents and the environment that allows us to calculate the Environmental Gross Domestic Product (EGDP) for Brazilian Legal Amazon. In order to achieve this goal the Environmental Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) was developed. The model was developed from the traditional Social Accounting Matrix, the Environmental Input-Output Analysis Models, and from the United Nations handbook on the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accountings. The EGDP was calculated from the Environmental Input-Output Analysis, since the unavailability of data did not allow the application of the model of ESAM. The flows between the economy and the environment considered were the emissions of green house gases (depreciation of natural capital) and the investment needed to return the air to the same quality it had before being polluted. The results showed that the inclusion of depreciation of natural capital in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the added value (AV) calculation for each industry of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region diminished the AV significantly in the industries of cattle (235%), soybean (77%), and other activities of livestock and agricultural (24%). In the Rest of Brazil, the industries with the highest impact of depreciation of natural capital on AV were soybean (30%), cattle (15%) and sugarcane (13%). The total EGDP of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region was 15% smaller than its total GDP, whereas this difference for the rest of Brazil was 1%. Considering that the GDP is a component of economic wellbeing, the results show a significant reduction in economic wellbeing due to green house gas emissions released into the air by economic activities, mainly due to land use changes. The Environmental Social Accounting Matrix Model is a useful tool to help decision makers since it offers an analytical instrument for economic behavior and the impacts of economic activities on the environment.

Les travaux concernant les atteintes des gros vaisseaux dans l’artérite à cellules géantes sont rares et ne concernent rarement plus que quelques dizaines de patients. Dans des travaux précédents, nous montrions que l’atteinte des gros vaisseaux était associée à un risque accru de dilatation aortique. Grâce à un recrutement inédit et des collaborations fructueuses, nous avons pu constituer une cohorte conséquente de patients et avons pu déterminer la fréquence et la présentation clinico-radiologique des patients avec une atteinte des gros vaisseaux. Nous avons pu confirmer que cette atteinte était associée à un pronostic cardio-vasculaire plus sombre et avons pu individualiser différentes formes d’atteinte des gros vaisseaux, chacune ayant un pronostic cardio-vasculaire différent. L’adjonction d’un traitement immunosuppresseur aux glucocorticoïdes semble avoir un effet protecteur sur le développement des complications cardio-vasculaires. Nos travaux nous ont également amené à discuter la place des différentes imageries disponibles pour dépister l’atteinte des gros vaisseaux, et à proposer des nouveaux critères de classification actualisés prenant en compte l’atteinte des gros vaisseaux
Studies analyzing giant cell arteritis (GCA)-related large-vessel involvement are rare and only describe less than 100 patients. In previous studies, we showed that large-vessel involvement was associated with an increased risk of aortic dilation. Thanks to an unedited enrollment of GCA patients and collaborations with other teams, we created a large-sampled cohort. We analyzed the frequency and the clinical and radiological presentations of patients with large-vessel involvement. We confirmed poorer cardiovascular outcomes in patients with GCA-related large-vessel involvement. We also individualized different patterns of large-vessel involvement, with different cardiovascular prognoses. Combination of an immunosuppressant with glucocorticoids decreased the risk of cardiovascular complications in GCA patients with large-vessel involvement. We discussed in our studies the place of each imaging tool available to detect large-vessel involvement. Finally, we proposed updated classification criteria including large-vessel involvement in order to integrate the different disease patterns

The aim of this master's thesis is the construction-technological project of the entire building focusing on major construction building - Multifunctional house, which is based on large-diameter piles. The main part of thesis are budget of object and time schedules of construction. Part of the thesis is organization of construction and design of the site eguipment, technological regulation of selected work, quality control and solving transport relations including oversize cargo. It also deals with the design of mechanical assemblies, health and safety, safety of environment and design of instructions for use of building.

This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.

At a time when Australia’s immigration policy encourages greater cultural diversity, significant gaps exist in the literature and practice governing the design of housing for culturally diverse groups in South Australia. Increasing migration from Asia, Africa and the Middle East presents a number of issues for social housing designers and providers who need to be aware of the diverse needs of these groups. This study investigates the housing requirements of several cultural groups living in South Australia and compares these needs with currently available accommodation arrangements for new migrants who are dependent on the social housing sector. The study also examines how well the designers and managers of social housing understand the specific needs of these groups. In this way the concept of culturally appropriate housing is explored in the context of the norm, the South Australian archetypal house, although the findings may be utilised by other organisations in Australia and overseas. Using this comparative approach, both similarities and mismatches in design requirements for specific groups are identified. This information is then analysed to suggest appropriate policy changes for social housing providers that would better meet the needs of culturally diverse groups living in Australia today. The range of current literature from the United Kingdom, USA and Australia, although limited in this area of research, is investigated critically to establish a means of identifying the key factors required in the design of housing for cultural diversity. The study then examines the housing needs of Afghan, Sudanese and Iraqi residents in South Australia. A similar study conducted with key members of HousingSA, who design and deliver social housing in the State, obtains an understanding of their awareness of the importance of design issues for culturally diverse groups. Finally, the social housing options available to culturally diverse groups in South Australia are investigated through an analysis of existing HousingSA house designs. The findings give an insight into how current social housing in South Australia meets the needs of a range of culturally diverse groups, while also achieving the broad objectives of HousingSA. Areas needing attention are identified, in terms of the physical design of housing and the delivery process, as are possible changes to existing policies and procedures to assist architects, managers and service delivery professionals in providing social housing for cultural diversity. It is hoped that, through the study of housing needs and practice, this thesis will contribute relevant literature to inform housing policy makers and providers in this field.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2009

Dissertação de Mestrado em História apresentada à Faculdade de Letras
As Santas Casas da Misericórdia portuguesas, instituições laicas, de matriz católica, mas com proteção régia, caracterizaram-se, entre outros aspetos, pela sua importância na configuração das elites locais. O papel na organização dos rituais religiosos e da assistência social aos pobres e excluídos e, não menos importante, de controlo social, assumiram-se como instrumentos essenciais para a afirmação ou confirmação de estatuto e do prestígio local. Socialmente hierarquizadas, como qualquer outra instituição de Antigo Regime, a eleição para os seus cargos de governo reveste-se de especial importância, ou não fossem estas confrarias que geriam grandes rendimentos e confirmavam privilégios, tanto efetivos, como honoríficos nas comunidades onde se inseriam.A provedoria (cargo máximo da instituição) permitia aos que a ocupavam o poder de controlarem de forma quase discricionária o mercado de capitais e o acesso aos fundos, exercendo poder sobre as várias partes envolventes, desde os trabalhadores e funcionários. Além disso, decidiam quem beneficiava da assistência social e que socorros recebiam, detendo o controlo da vida de centenas de pessoas e das suas famílias. Deste modo, identificar e compreender quem eram os provedores torna-se indispensável para um maior conhecimento do passado histórico das comunidades e das suas elites locais.A presente dissertação pretende dar um contributo para o estudo das elites e do poder local em Macau, entre 1750 e 1848, tomando como objeto de estudo os Provedores da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Macau. Através da utilização do método prosopográfico e do cruzamento de fontes, pretendemos identificar os grupos dirigentes, as suas redes de afinidades e dependências, localizando-os em cronologias e espaços e tentando captar estratégias e comportamentos (individuais ou coletivos) de forma a aproximar esses grupos dos processos da ação política e da estrutura e mobilidade social.
The Portuguese Santas Casas da Misericórdia (Holy Houses of Mercy), secular institutions, of Catholic matrix, but with royal protection, can be characterized, among other things, by their importance in the configuration of local elites. The role in the organization of religious rituals and social assistance to the poor and excluded and, not least, social control, have become essential tools for the affirmation or confirmation of local status and prestige. Socially hierarchical, like any other institution of the Ancien Régime, the election for their government positions is of particular importance, were it not for these brotherhoods that managed great incomes and confirmed privileges, both effective and honorary in the communities in which they were inserted. The provedoria (the institution's highest office) allowed those, who held it, the power to control both the capital market and the access to funds in an almost discretionary manner, thus exercising power over the various surrounding parties, from workers to employees. In addition, they decided who benefited from social assistance services and what aid they had a right to, ultimately holding control over the lives of hundreds of people and their families. Thus, the identification and understanding of who the provedores were becomes an indispensable piece of information for there to be a better understanding of the historical past of communities and their local elites.The present dissertation intends to contribute to the study of elite groups and the local power in Macao, between 1750 and 1848, by taking the Provedores of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Macao as a study object. Through the use of the prosopographic method and crossing-references of different sources, we intend to identify the leading groups and their networks of affinity and dependencies, by locating them in chronologies and spaces, thus trying to encapsulate strategies and behaviors (individual or collective) in order to bring these groups closer to the processes of political action and of structural and social mobility.
Outro - Bolseiro da Fundação Macau (FM) - Governo da RAE de Macau - ao abrigo da bolsa "Estudos sobre Macau", em parceria com a Universidade de Coimbra (UC).

Thesis "Employment risk groups of young people in the Czech Republic," focuses on young people leaving institutional care. In the Czech Republic, emerging from the economic crisis and unemployment is still high. For young people it is difficult to find jobs, because they lack the neccessary practical experience. The situation of young people leaving institutional care is even worse. These young people are applying for the job market disadvantage because they lack family support. The only support they are halfway houses to help them during the spin-offs and adaptations of the professional role. The experience of workers Halfway House Maják shows that what is important is the individual approach to clients. This approach should be employed during the election of a professional role that is also very important.