To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Horse trainers.
Journal articles on the topic 'Horse trainers'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Horse trainers.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Janczarek, Iwona, Witold Kędzierski, Anna Stachurska, and Izabela Wilk. "Emotional reactions of horses and trainers during natural method training / Reakcje emocjonalne koni i trenerów podczas treningu metodami naturalnymi." Annals of Animal Science 13, no. 2 (2013): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The first aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the trainer factor and the sex of the horse affect the heart rate (HR) of the trainer-horse pair. The second aim was to estimate the level of the trainer-horse pair’s emotions and to find the relationship of the HR between the trainer and the horse during the preliminary, natural-method training. The animals used in the study were 40 three-year-old purebred Arabian horses trained by two trainers from the Silversand Horsemanship School. Each trainer worked with 20 randomly selected horses, equally grouped by sex. The study was carried out during the first day of the training cycle. The aim was to have a horse accept a rider. The following items were subject to analysis: deconcentration, concentration, desensitizing, putting on the lungeing surcingle, and saddling. The emotional status of the horses and the trainers was evaluated based on HR variations which were measured by applying Polar S810 telemetric devices. The device produced continuous measurements with readings every 60 seconds. Two-factor analysis of variance and Pearson correlations were determined with the use of SAS software. Significance of differences between mean values was verified using Tukey’s test. The results obtained revealed that the sex of the trained horses was not an important factor in the evaluation of trainer’s emotions, despite the fact that fillies were characterized as having a more uniform HR. The trainer is very responsible for the emotions of a trained horse, especially at the beginning of training and during saddling. From a trainer’s point of view, it is important to complete the horse concentration task as quickly as possible. The lack of an emotional relationship in the trainer-horse pair during some training elements, suggests that it is not only the trainer’s experience, but mainly the trainer’s personality that determines the probable success in naturalmethod work.
2
Ün, Ali Ekber, Kamil Sağlam, and Halil Selçuk Biricik. "Spor Atı Nal Çakım Uygulama Değerlendirme Ölçeği." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 1695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i9.1695-1699.4373.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate nail application to horses; It has an important place in horse welfare and performance. In order for horse welfare and performance to be carried out in a positive way, equine requires teamwork and knowledge. It is necessary to know and apply the standards that should be made and controlled by the horse owner, trainer, rider, caregiver and veterinarians within the team that is constantly intertwined with horses in equestrian sports with live. Therefore, commercial enterprises that equestrian sports recreation facilities available in the sport horse farrier horseshoe knife by applications in Turkey are held at certain time intervals. It is to contribute to the academic studies of horse owners, trainers, riders, caregivers and veterinarians in order to ensure the standard of whether or not horseshoes are applying horseshoes to sports horses in a healthy and correct manner.
3
Mactaggart, Alison Glen, and Clive Julian Christie Phillips. "Validating a Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare Index through Horse Behaviour and Trainers’ Reports of Welfare Issues in Their Horses." Animals 13, no. 2 (2023): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020282.
Full textAbstract:
We validated a Thoroughbred racehorse welfare index, developed initially from expert opinion, by relating it to horse behaviour recorded in a range of training stables and surveying trainers to investigate the environment and management systems for Thoroughbred racehorses. Relationships between the index scores and horse behaviour were observed. Then, an Australia-wide survey of racing industry stakeholders was conducted to identify which parameters are important for welfare in a training stable. Trainers performed well on horsemanship and health/disease aspects. Provisions for ventilation, transportation and nutrition were also scored at high levels. However, provisions for weaning, wastage, assisting horses in coping with heat stress, stabling and the education of racehorses were not as well covered, indicating a need for improvement in these welfare issues. We concluded that our Thoroughbred Racehorse welfare index is able to discriminate between trainers offering differing levels of welfare for the major issues in racehorse training stables.
4
Lundmark Hedman, Frida, Ivana Rodriguez Ewerlöf, Jenny Frössling, and Charlotte Berg. "Swedish Trotting Horse Trainers’ Perceptions of Animal Welfare Inspections from Public and Private Actors." Animals 12, no. 11 (2022): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111441.
Full textAbstract:
In Sweden, the County Administrative Board (CAB) and Swedish Trotting Association (STA) both perform animal welfare inspections of the premises of trotting horse trainers. The CAB inspection checks for compliance with the legislation, and the STA inspection checks for compliance with the private ‘Trotter Health Standard’, which mainly sets the same requirements as the legislation. This study investigated the views of trainers on these inspections both as separate events and in relation to each other. A digital questionnaire was sent out to trotting horse trainers in Sweden during spring 2021, and 396 trainers responded. Descriptive and statistical analyses were used to evaluate the responses. In general, the trainers reported positive experiences of both the CAB and STA inspections, but they had consistently more positive views about the private STA inspections than the official CAB inspections. The outcome of the inspections, i.e., non-compliance or not, did not affect trainers’ perceptions of the inspections, but inspectors’ knowledge, manner, and responsiveness had a strong effect. The trainers were generally satisfied with the current control system but would like better coordination between the different inspections.
5
Weninger, Desirea, and Christine Dallaire. "The gendered barrel racer–horse relationship in Western Canadian rodeo." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 1 (2017): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217708578.
Full textAbstract:
On investigating the gendered experiences of Western Canadian ‘ladies barrel racing’ rodeo competitors, the sportswomen we interviewed emphasized their unique bond with the horse as the distinguishing feature that made them ‘legitimate’ barrel racers compared to other rodeo cowgirls, and ‘feminine’ compared to cowboys. This paper further explores how the barrel racers studied focused on their rider–horse interaction to discursively separate themselves from other rodeo women and men. First, we examine how discourse informs the creation of subjects in the rider–horse relationship among ‘legitimate’ barrel racers. An expanded understanding of subjectification reveals three distinct, yet interrelated subject positions in barrel racing (the athlete, the team member and the trainer) that set them apart from other rodeo women. Second, the analysis uncovers their reproduction of normative femininity in the way they differentiated themselves from male horse trainers and rodeo competitors based on their distinctive rapport with the horse.
6
Jansson, A., U. Hedenström, and S. Ragnarsson. "A survey of training regimes used by top trainers of the Icelandic pace racing horse." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 4 (2014): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep140022.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to document training strategies used by experienced trainers of the Icelandic pace racing horse. Data were obtained using a questionnaire, to which responses were received from nine trainers on the world ranking list in 250 m pace races and with a minimum of 12 years of experience of pace training. Training was commenced at an age of 5.4±1.0 years and the average time to achieve competitive condition was estimated to be 1.9±0.8 years. Horses were trained almost every day and the trainers described a variety of training methods. Interval training appeared to be common, while training at pace was performed less than twice per week. Mental aspects seemed to be a challenge for performance.
7
RATAJCZAK, Angelika, Agata DANIELEWICZ, and Michał PLUTA. "THE USE AND MAINTENANCE OF HORSES IN THE ASPECT OF NATURAL TRAINING METHODS." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 359, no. 58 (2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2021.58.2.03.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of evolution, humanity transitioned from a nomadic to a sedentary way of life, from hunting and gathering to crop production and animal husbandry. Domestication involved capturing wild horses and adapting them to the conditions in which they were raised by humans. This resulted in a change in the treatment of horses and the perception of their emotional needs. The focus shifted to building relationships with the horse, understanding it, and treating it as a rational being. Currently, horses are seen as one of the most intelligent animals ‘cooperating’ with people. In this study, 62 horses at four equestrian centres were examined. The horses included mares, stallions and geldings between the ages of 3 and 26 years, belonging to eight breeds: Arabian, Malopolski, Hucul, Polish Half-Bred, Silesian, Polish Coldblood, Shetland pony, and Haflinger. The analysis of forms of horse training indicated that all centres used classical training methods for 100% of their horses. The trainers declared interest in natural methods, but as support for classical training. Natural methods of working with horses were applied at centres 2 and 3, where horses were ridden both for recreation and for sport. This type of training was not observed at centre 1, where horses were used only for recreational riding, or at centre 4, which dealt mainly in breeding and training of race horses. Horses at centre 3 and most of those at centre 2 took part in in Parelli’s Seven Games, Join-Up, and desensitization to unknown objects, and imprinting of foals was practiced. This indicates that horse trainers are currently applying natural methods, but are not completely giving up classical training. A study was carried out to investigate the approach of contemporary horse breeders to forms of housing and use with respect to their interest in foal imprinting, natural horsemanship, Join-Up, and desensitization to unknown objects.
8
MacLeay, Jennifer M., Sandy A. Sorum, Stephanie J. Valberg, Will E. Marsh, and Mike D. Sorum. "Epidemiologic analysis of factors influencing exertional rhabdomyolysis in Thoroughbreds." American Journal of Veterinary Research 60, no. 12 (1999): 1562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1999.60.12.1562.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective To determine incidence, effect on performance, and management practices associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) in Thoroughbreds. Sample Population Medical records for 984 Thoroughbreds and a survey of trainers of horses with and without ER. Procedures Medical records for 984 Thoroughbreds stabled at a midwestern racetrack were examined to determine the incidence of ER during the 1995 racing season. A retrospective questionnaire was administered to trainers to determine management practices associated with ER in 59 Thoroughbreds with ER and 47 control Thoroughbreds in training. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine management factors associated with ER. Results ER affected 48 of 984 (4.9%) Thoroughbreds. Two-year-old females were most frequently affected, and 36 of 96 (37.5%) trainers had ≥ 1 horse with ER. Horses with ER were more likely not to race during the racing season, compared with control horses. For horses that raced, differences were not found with respect to racing performance between ER and control horses. Exertional rhambdomyolysis developed frequently in susceptible horses that had ≥ 1 day of rest prior to exercise and that galloped during exercise. Horses with ER were commonly fed > 4.5 kg of grain daily. Nervous and extremely nervous horses were 5.4 times more likely, and horses with some form of lameness were 4.2 times more likely, to have ER. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Exertional rhabdomyolysis is common in Thoroughbreds, and ER can be affected by temperament, sex, age, diet, exercise routines, and lameness. Management that minimizes excitability, particularly when tailored to each horse, may be most effective for controlling ER. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1562–1566)
9
Merkies, Katrina, and Olivia Franzin. "“Dropping” in male horses during training: Part 1. Perceptions from horse trainers." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 261 (April 2023): 105896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105896.
Full text
10
Gallagher, Lou M., Julian Crane, Penny Fitzharris, and Michael N. Bates. "Occupational respiratory health of New Zealand horse trainers." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 80, no. 4 (2006): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-006-0141-4.
Full text
11
Boyle, Glenn. "Do Financial Incentives Affect The Quality Of Expert Performance? Evidence From The Racetrack." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (2013): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v2i2.530.
Full textAbstract:
Does the quality of performance by experts respond to financial incentives? I provide some new evidence on this question by examining the propensity of racehorse trainers to undertake effort-diverting actions. In a sample of 30426 horse races, I find that lower race stakes are strongly associated with more unexpected outcomes, consistent with more trainers exerting less-than-full effort in such races. These results continue to hold when low-information races are excluded from the sample, thereby ruling out the possibility that stake is simply a proxy for the level of information that is available to bettors. Moreover, in a sub-sample of 4416 races for which final odds data are available, the dispersion in odds is positively related to race stake, consistent with rational bettors recognising the incentives faced by trainers and incorporating this insight in their investments. As a group, horse trainers apparently tailor the quality of their services to the potential size of their remuneration from clients.
12
Redbo, I., P. Redbo-Torstensson, F. O. Ödberg, A. Hedendahl, and J. Holm. "Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses." Animal Science 66, no. 2 (1998): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009644.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify relations between stereotyped behaviours (cribbing, weaving and box-walking) and wood-chewing in thoroughbred flat-racing horses (TB) and standardbred trotters and the different management, feeding and training factors to which these horses are exposed. This was obtained by inquiries to all the professional trainers of TB and trottinghorses used for racing in Sweden. The usable response rates were 61% for trotters and 72% for TB representing 4597 trotters from 234 stables and 644 TB from 38 stables. A small field study was carried out to control the validity of the main study which gave results similar to those in the main study. There was a large difference between the two horse categories in the occurrence of behavioural disturbances. The TB had significantly more stereotypies than the trotters (P < 0·001) but there were no differences in the occurrence of wood-chewing. There were several differences in external factors between the horse categories, e.g. trotters had more opportunities for social contacts with other horses, they also had more free time outside the stable and they were trained a shorter time per week than the TB. The TB were given larger amounts of concentrate than the trotters. Wood-chewing within each horse category was explained by the amount of roughage (P < 0·05 in trotters and P < 0·001 in TB) together with other factors. Stereotypies in the TB were explained by: amount of concentrate (positive relation), number of horses per trainer (positive relation) and amount of roughage (negative relation).
13
Kusaka, Takashi, Takayuki Tanaka, Shun’ichi Kaneko, Yoshihito Suzuki, Munenobu Saito, and Hidekazu Kajiwara. "Assist Force Control of Smart Suit for Horse Trainers Considering Motion Synchronization." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 6 (2009): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0723.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes semi-active assist control in the form of a smart suit for horse trainers. We have developed a soft and flexible power assist device named “smart suit” for reducing user's physical fatigue. The smart suit is a kind of semi-active and flexible power assist devices. The semi-active assist mechanism consisting of elastic materials and a small DC motor is our original technology. The assist force is basically gained by the elastic force of elastic materials, and it is controlled by adjusting the length of the elastic materials by using DC motor. In this study, we applied the smart suit to horse trainers for reducing their physical fatigue in horse training to prevent their injuries. Moreover we developed an assist force control method based on periodical input control to gain the suitable assist force.
14
Aune, Anna, Kate Fenner, Bethany Wilson, Elissa Cameron, Andrew McLean, and Paul McGreevy. "Reported Behavioural Differences between Geldings and Mares Challenge Sex-Driven Stereotypes in Ridden Equine Behaviour." Animals 10, no. 3 (2020): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030414.
Full textAbstract:
Horse trainers and riders may have preconceived ideas of horse temperament based solely on the sex of the horse. A study (n = 1233) of horse enthusiasts (75% of whom had more than 8 years of riding experience) revealed that riders prefer geldings over mares and stallions. While these data may reflect different sex preferences in horses used for sport, they may also reduce the chances of some horses reaching their performance potential. Further, an unfounded sex prejudice is likely to contribute to unconscious bias when perceiving unwanted behaviours, simplistically attributing them to demographic characteristics rather than more complex legacies of training and prior learning. The current study analysed reported sex-related behavioural differences in ridden and non-ridden horses using data from responses to the pilot study of the Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) survey. Respondents (n = 1233) reported on the behaviour of their horse using a 151-item questionnaire. Data were searched for responses relating to mares and geldings, and 110 traits with the greatest percentage difference scores between mares and geldings were selected were tested for univariate significance at p < 0.2. Multivariable modelling of the effect of sex (mare or gelding) on remaining traits was assessed by ordinal logistic regression, using a cumulative proportional log odds model. Results revealed mares were significantly more likely to move away when being caught compared to geldings (p = 0.003). Geldings were significantly more likely to chew on lead ropes when tied (p = 0.003) and to chew on rugs (p = 0.024). However, despite sex-related differences in these non-ridden behaviours, there was no evidence of any significant sex-related differences in the behaviours of the horses when ridden. This finding suggests that ridden horse behaviour is not sexually dimorphic or that particular horse sports variously favour one sex over another.
15
Weller, Dominic, Samantha Franklin, Peter White, et al. "The Reported Use of Tongue-Ties and Nosebands in Thoroughbred and Standardbred Horse Racing—A Pilot Study." Animals 11, no. 3 (2021): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030622.
Full textAbstract:
This article reports on the results of a survey of racehorse trainers (n = 112) outlining the reasons for tongue-tie (TT) and noseband (NB) use by Thoroughbred trainers (TBTs) (n = 72) and Standardbred trainers (SBTs) (n = 40). The study also investigated the reported effectiveness of TTs and possible complications arising from their use. Tongue-tie use was reported by 62.5% (n = 70) of racehorse trainers. The reasons for TT use varied between TBTs and SBTs. For TBTs, the most common reason for TT use was to prevent or reduce airway obstruction (72.3%, n = 34), followed closely by to prevent or reduce airway noise (55.3%, n = 16). Standardbred trainers assigned equal importance for TT use [to prevent or reduce airway obstruction (69.6%, n = 16) and to prevent the horse from moving its tongue over the bit (69.6%, n = 16)]. Tongue-ties were considered significantly less effective at improving performance than at reducing airway obstruction and preventing the tongue from moving over the bit (t = −2.700, p = 0.0007). For respondents who used both TTs and NBs, there was a mild to moderate positive association between the reasons for using TTs and NBs. Of the 70 TT-using respondents, 51.4% (n = 36) recorded having encountered either a physical or behavioural complication due to TT use, with redness/bruising of the tongue (20.0%, n = 14) being the most common physical complication reported. Duration of use influenced the risk of observing complications. The likelihood of a respondent reporting a behavioural complication due to TT use increased with every minute of reported application and a nine-minute increment in application period doubled the odds of a respondent reporting a complication. Tightness was a risk factor for physical complications: Checking TT tightness by noting the tongue as not moving was associated with increased reporting of physical complications (OR = 6.59; CI 1.1–67.5). This pilot study provides some insight into how and why TTs are applied by some racehorse trainers, and the potential risks associated with their use. A further study of a larger cohort is recommended because these results are valid for only the 112 trainers who responded and cannot be generalized to the equine industry.
16
Abbott, Gabrielle, Kathi Jogan, Erin L. Oberhaus, Jason Apple, and Charles Rosenkrans. "19 Comparing stress indicators of horses used for therapy in riding activities and groundwork activities." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.083.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Equine therapy is used to assist people suffering from various physical and mental disabilities. Equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) include therapeutic riding and hippotherapy. Our objective was to determine the effects of EAAT on horse heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and serum cortisol. Horses (n = 7) were assigned to activity type (groundwork or riding) in a Latin square design in which all horses performed both activities twice. Heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and serum cortisol concentrations were determined at 15 minutes before, and 15, 45, and 75 minutes after activity was initiated. Pearson correlations revealed that cortisol was not correlated (r &lt; 0.12; P &gt; 0.22) with heart rate, respiration rate, or rectal temperature. Heart rate was correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with respiration rate (r = 0.77) and body temperature (r = 0.2); and body temperature was correlated with respiration rate (r = 0.21; P &lt; 0.05). Analysis of variance was performed with horse within date as the experimental unit, main effects of activity type, horse, date, experimental time, and interactions. Serum concentrations of cortisol (varied from 2.8 to 89.7 ng/mL) and body temperature (37.4 ± 0.06) were affected (P &lt; 0.01) by an interaction between experimental time and horse. Heart rate (61 ± 2.1) and respiration rate (30 ± 1.4) were affected (P &lt; 0.01) by interactions between experimental time and horse; and experimental time and activity type. Our results demonstrate that equine athletes serving in EAAT programs have altered physiological responses depending on the horse, type of activity, and length of time performing the task. Based on our results, cortisol concentrations are not the best indicator of a horse’s response to EAAT work, and we recommend that trainers monitor horses’ heart and respiration rates as an indicator of horse well-being while working with patients.
17
Abbott, Gabrielle, Kathi Jogan, Erin L. Oberhaus, Jason Apple, and Charles Rosenkrans. "18 Comparing stress indicators of horses used for therapy in riding activities and groundwork activities." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.195.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Equine therapy is used to assist people suffering from various physical and mental disabilities. Equine-assisted activities and therapies (EAAT) include therapeutic riding and hippotherapy. Our objective was to determine the effects of EAAT on horse heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and serum cortisol. Horses (n = 7) were assigned to activity type (groundwork or riding) in a Latin square design in which all horses performed both activities twice. Heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and serum cortisol concentrations were determined at 15 minutes before, and 15, 45, and 75 minutes after activity was initiated. Pearson correlations revealed that cortisol was not correlated (r &lt; 0.12; P &gt; 0.22) with heart rate, respiration rate, or rectal temperature. Heart rate was correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with respiration rate (r = 0.77) and body temperature (r = 0.2); and body temperature was correlated with respiration rate (r = 0.21; P &lt; 0.05). Analysis of variance was performed with horse within date as the experimental unit, main effects of activity type, horse, date, experimental time, and interactions. Serum concentrations of cortisol (varied from 2.8 to 89.7 ng/mL) and body temperature (37.4 ± 0.06) were affected (P &lt; 0.01) by an interaction between experimental time and horse. Heart rate (61 ± 2.1) and respiration rate (30 ± 1.4) were affected (P &lt; 0.01) by interactions between experimental time and horse; and experimental time and activity type. Our results demonstrate that equine athletes serving in EAAT programs have altered physiological responses depending on the horse, type of activity, and length of time performing the task. Based on our results, cortisol concentrations are not the best indicator of a horse’s response to EAAT work, and we recommend that trainers monitor horses’ heart and respiration rates as an indicator of horse well-being while working with patients.
18
Coneglian, M. M., S. H. Weber, and P. V. Michelotto Junior. "Influence of oral health on the facial expressions and on the acupuncture examination in equines." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 75, no. 3 (2023): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12678.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The present study investigated the influence of oral health on horses’ facial expression, reactivity of the acupuncture points and the perception of trainers and owners. We investigated 87 adult horses involved in sports or working activities. Pain was scored in person and by photography by an evaluator “blinded” to the animals’ dental condition, using the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS). The acupuncture examination was performed by the same evaluator. Animals were evaluated before (T0) and 15 days (T1) after dental treatment. All horses included in the study had dental disorders. Statistically significant results were seen in median HGS scoring (3 vs. 1, p = 0.001) and number of reactive acupoints (11.2±5.6 vs. 4±2.9, p = 0.001). Additionally, complaints by the trainers/owners were lower at T1 compared with T0. There was a reduction in the pain reaction to application of pressure on following acupoints: dental point (44 vs. 4), Stomach-7 (31 vs. 3), Tiple-Heater (TH)-17 (27 vs. 4), and TH-16 (22 vs. 4). We concluded that acupuncture can be an adjunct method for diagnosis of dental disorders and treatment follow-up.
19
Baguelin, M., J. R. Newton, N. Demiris, J. Daly, J. A. Mumford, and J. L. N. Wood. "Control of equine influenza: scenario testing using a realistic metapopulation model of spread." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 42 (2009): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2009.0030.
Full textAbstract:
We present a metapopulation model of the spread of equine influenza among thoroughbred horses parametrized with data from a 2003 outbreak in Newmarket, UK. The number of horses initially susceptible is derived from a threshold theorem and a published statistical model. Two simulated likelihood-based methods are used to find the within- and between-yard transmissions using both exponential and empirical latent and infectious periods. We demonstrate that the 2003 outbreak was largely locally driven and use the parametrized model to address important questions of control. The chance of a large epidemic is shown to be largely dependent on the size of the index yard. The impact of poor responders to vaccination is estimated under different scenarios. A small proportion of poor responders strongly influences the efficiency of vaccine policies, which increases risk further when the vaccine and infecting strains differ following antigenic drift. Finally, the use of vaccinating in the face of an outbreak is evaluated at a global and individual management group level. The benefits for an individual horse trainer are found to be substantial, although this is influenced by the behaviour of other trainers.
20
Diverio, S., G. Tami, P. Marchei, C. Tortiello, M. C. Catalani, and A. Barone. "Assessing horse performance: A comparison between trainers' and judges' behavior evaluations." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 5, no. 1 (2010): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2009.08.004.
Full text
21
Webb, H. J., J. F. Weston, E. J. Norman, N. D. Cogger, and C. W. Rogers. "Experience, riding practices and training methods of Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI: 80-160 km) level endurance horse rider-owner-trainers in New Zealand." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 2 (2019): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep180059.
Full textAbstract:
Riders and training have been implicated as contributing to poor performance and adverse horse welfare outcomes in endurance competitions (‘rides’). This study described the experience, riding practices and training methods of a cohort of 21 Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI: 80-160 km) level endurance rider-owner-trainers in New Zealand. Data were collected via face-to-face survey and descriptive statistics calculated. Respondents had a median 13 (interquartile range [IQR] 9-15) years’ experience in domestic competition and 7 (IQR 4-10) years in FEI competition. Respondents were mostly amateur (67%, 14/21), >40 years of age (86%, 18/21), female (76%, 16/21), riders (95%, 20/21), owners (91%, 19/21) and trainers (95%, 20/21) with ≤2 FEI level horses (53%, 11/21). Over half (62%, 13/21) intended to prepare horses for a 160 km competition over a 26-41 week season. Respondents reported using additional fitness training (86%, 18/21) and athlete support services such as chiropractic (29%, 6/21), massage (29%, 6/21) or physiotherapy (19%, 4/21) so they could ride better. Most (86%, 18/21) respondents reported they employed schooling using equitation techniques to develop riding skills and supple, sound, rideable horses. Ridden aerobic distance training was complemented with a median 6 (IQR 5-8) other training methods for convenience, enabling amateur respondents to schedule training around employment. Furthermore, respondents intended to use a series of 40-80 km rides for training purposes for most (94%, 34/36) horses instead of time-trial type training sessions reported in other countries. This cohort of experienced amateur semi-elite to competitive elite rider-owner-trainers in New Zealand appear to self-coach, taking responsibility for the development of their horses, and working pro-actively to improve aspects of their riding practices and training that might improve performance. These findings can inform further exploration of how rider characteristics inform and influence training and competition practice and outcomes.
22
Gibson, Michaela J., Charlotte F. Bolwell, Erica K. Gee, Kylie A. Legg, and Chris W. Rogers. "Race-Level Reporting of Incidents during Two Seasons (2015/16 to 2016/17) of Thoroughbred Flat Racing in New Zealand." Animals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12081033.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to describe the incident and non-incident reports of Thoroughbred flat racing in New Zealand. Retrospective stipendiary stewards’ reports of race day events during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 racing season were examined. The primary injury and reporting outcomes were analysed to assess the horse- and race-level risk factors associated with the occurrence of incident and non-incident reports. The number of incident and non-incident events and binomial exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated per 1000 horse starts. Most reports were for non-incidents and examinations were requested for poor performance (10.3 per 1000 races, 95% CI = 9.5–11.1). Horses running in open-class races had greater odds of having an incident than horses in lower-rating classes. The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries (1.3 per 1000 races, 95% CI = 1.13–1.40) and fractures (0.6 per 1000 races, 95% CI = 0.39–0.74) were low and similar to previous New Zealand reports. There was a low incidence of epistaxis (0.8 per 1000 races, 95% CI = 0.69–0.92) possibly due to trainers screening susceptible horses before entering them in races, due to the regulatory consequences of an episode of epistaxis during a race.
23
Graham, Charlotte. "The potential impact of artificial intelligence in equine practice." UK-Vet Equine 7, no. 5 (2023): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2023.7.5.158.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial intelligence has the potential to impact the veterinary industry. This article outlines the current and potential uses of artificial intelligence tools in equine veterinary practice across both clinical and non-clinical aspects of working with horses. Examples of wider uses across the industry by horse owners and trainers are also summarised and discussed. The use-case example of the pre-purchase examination is discussed as an area highlighting how artificial intelligence could have multiple impacts, increasing confidence and improving efficiency and outcomes for equine vets. Additionally, important considerations including potential risks and ethical concerns of the development and use of artificial intelligence as a currently unregulated technology are also discussed.
24
Baban, M., M. Sakac, P. Mijic, et al. "The application of the FEI rules for the welfare of the horse in driving sport in Croatia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906349b.
Full textAbstract:
The FEI (F?d?ration Equestre Internationale) is the international governing body for equestrian sport which established the new rules and regulations regarding the driving sport and the welfare of the horse from the aspect of animals' well-being (FEI, 2009ab). The FEI rules are applied to the Olympic disciplines of Show Jumping, Dressage and Eventing as well as Endurance Riding, Vaulting, Driving and Reining. The purpose of this paper was to present the FEI rules for international combined driving events which are prescribed by the national Rules and Regulations of the Croatian Equestrian Federation (HKS, 2007). The welfare of the horse must be beyond the economic interest and the demands of breeders, trainers, riders, owners, organizers, sponsors or officials. Good horse management requires the highest standards of nutrition, health, sanitation and safety. During transportation, feeding, watering, ventilation, weather conditions and safety must be taken into consideration. All riding and training methods in all stages of driving sport must treat horses as living beings and must not include any techniques which are not approved by the FEI and are degrading for the horse or cause them injuries and pain. Championships in driving sport (Dressage, Marathon, Obstacle Cones Driving) in Croatia are organized according to the FEI rules and the Croatian representative qualified in the last two World Championships in twohorse team driving (Baban et al., 2007, 2009). However, regardless of the individual success of Croatian drivers on the international scene, the traditional attitude of other drivers towards horses is still at a low level regarding the rules for the welfare of the horse. The competence of the driver is essential in the interests of the horse and the emphasis is placed on the practical experience of drivers and scientific research. The FEI especially encourages all those who participate in driving sport to achieve the highest level of education in training and management of horses. For this reason, within the scientific project, the education and training on the international level have been provided for the judges, who spread their acquired knowledge, through presentations at the seminars, to the other competitors in driving sport in Croatia. More time is needed for the full implementation of the FEI rules for the welfare of the horse at competitions in Croatia in order for all two-horse team drivers to understand that the welfare of their horses is more important than placement in competitions and money awards.
25
Mactaggart, Glen, Natalie Waran, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "Identification of Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare Issues by Industry Stakeholders." Animals 11, no. 5 (2021): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051358.
Full textAbstract:
Identifying key welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could lead to an improvement in standards. A lack of scientific information on the relative importance of key issues was addressed by soliciting the views of, first, welfare experts in the industry and, second, a broader group of stakeholders, who selected the best welfare options by adaptive conjoint analysis. The experts represented racehorse breeders, veterinarians, trainers, owners, government officials, salespeople, farriers, transporters, and horse re-trainers for post-racing activities. In a focus group meeting, the experts identified fourteen key welfare issues, each with two to four levels that related to common husbandry practices. Then, in an internet survey, 224 stakeholders ranked the issues using adaptive conjoint analysis, in declining importance, as: horsemanship > health and disease > education of the horse > track design and surface > ventilation > stabling > weaning > transport > nutrition > wastage > heat and humidity > whips > environment > gear. Relatively uniform responses to the survey by the different stakeholder groups suggested that there was a common view on what had the biggest impact on welfare. An exception was a greater rating given by women than men to the importance of correct horse nutrition. The rating of importance for welfare of different levels of provision of each issue mostly conformed to the scientific evidence, with the exception of weaning. This understanding of the importance of welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could be used to target interventions to the most serious problems.
26
McLean, Nancy L., Nerida McGilchrist, and Brian D. Nielsen. "Dietary Iron Unlikely to Cause Insulin Resistance in Horses." Animals 12, no. 19 (2022): 2510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192510.
Full textAbstract:
Racehorses are often supplemented extra iron with the expectation that the iron will improve overall performance and health. A survey of 120 U.S. Thoroughbred trainers, representing 1978 Thoroughbreds from various regions of the U.S., was conducted to determine the average amount of dietary iron fed to Thoroughbred racehorses per day. Survey results indicated racehorses were fed an average of 3900 mg of iron per day from hay and grain alone. This exceeds the 0.8 mg/kg BW or 400 mg for a 500 kg working horse that the NRC 2007 recommends per day. Supplements increased the daily average intake of iron by an additional 500 mg Fe. Some equine nutritionists propose that excess dietary iron may be a causative factor in insulin resistance (IR). However, the occurrence of IR in Thoroughbred racehorses is very rare. This study did not find one confirmed veterinary diagnosis of IR in any of the surveyed trainers’ Thoroughbred horses, whether racing, on a layoff, or retired. Given the iron content in these diets easily exceeds the NRC minimum daily requirements, it seems unlikely that dietary iron is an independent causative factor in IR.
27
Wood, A. K. W., C. M. Sehgal, and V. B. Reef. "Three-dimensional sonographic imaging of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon." American Journal of Veterinary Research 55, no. 11 (1994): 1505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.11.1505.
Full textAbstract:
Summary In a feasability study, a technique for constructing 3-dimensional sonographic images of the superficial digital flexor tendon (sdft) was established in 6 clinically normal horses and applied to 7 horses with injured sdft. Two-dimensional B-mode sonographic images were recorded on videotape as the sonographic transducer was manually moved along the palmar aspect of the metacarpal region. Selected videofields were digitized, and 3-dimensional images were constructed, using a computer work station and dedicated software program. The 3- dimensional images were of high quality and presented qualitative clinical information in unique fashion. Indication of the extent of sdft injuries was excellent. Such 3-dimensional images would be especially useful in explaining to owners and trainers the importance of the injury to their horse and would have a role in monitoring tendon healing and in the assessment of various treatments.
28
Williams, Jane. "Equine training aids: can they really improve performance?" UK-Vet Equine 4, no. 6 (2020): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2020.4.6.196.
Full textAbstract:
The use of training aids within equine training programmes is well established with professional, amateur and recreational riders, and horse owners. However, the claims of training aid manufacturers that the aids promote equine muscle development, gait characteristics, proprioception and the horse's biomechanics have not been evaluated scientifically. Evidence of the impact of training aids on equine behaviour and welfare is also limited. As a result, there is a limited amount of resources available to horse owners, trainers and veterinary professionals wishing to take an evidence-informed approach to the use of training aids. This review considers factors that operators should evaluate when using training aids and explores the evidence base available to help support an ethical approach to equine training and rehabilitation.
29
Holcombe, Susan J., Robert K. Schneider, Lawrence R. Bramlage, and Rolf M. Embertson. "Use of antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate in horses with open or infected fractures or joints: 19 cases (1987–1995)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211, no. 7 (1997): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.211.07.889.
Full textAbstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in horses with open or infected fractures or joints in which internal fixation or external coaptation devices were used. Design Retrospective case series, Animals 19 horses in which antibiotic-impregnated PMMA was used as part of the treatment regimen. Procedures Medical records of each horse were reviewed, and owners and trainers were contacted to provide additional information. Results Musculoskeletal problems in these horses included 10 fractures of long bones, 2 comminuted phalangeal fractures, 5 joint injuries, and 2 chronically septic joints in which ankylosis was stimulated. Nine horses had open fractures, 8 had closed wounds and developed infection after internal fixation of fractures, and 2 had chronically septic joints. Bony union was achieved in 15 of 19 horses. Twelve horses were discharged from the hospital and survived long term. Gentamicin sulfate, tobramycin sulfate, amikacin sulfate, and cefazolin sodium were used in PMMA. Clinical Implications Use of antibiotic-impregnated PMMA provided high local concentrations of antibiotics and should be considered in the treatment of horses with open fractures and acute and chronic bone and joint infections. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:889–893)
30
BECKER, KATARZYNA, and DOROTA LEWCZUK. "Use of accelerometer end gyroscope in biomechanical studies of horses." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 12 (2020): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6481.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, along with the available techniques, the possibilities of measuring movement biomechanics have increased significantly. The monitoring of horses’ activity is useful for carers, trainers and riders, because it allows them to provide the horses with appropriate health care, as well as to select appropriate diet and exercise intensity. This was made possible by modern inertia measuring devices (IMUs), non-invasive electronic devices based on accelerometry and rotation analysis. The purpose of this study is to review biomechanical tests performed on horses by means of these devices. Measurements obtained with accelerometers and gyroscopes are used in the fields of veterinary research, behaviour analysis and training. The quantitative and qualitative monitoring of horses’ activity can play a key role in ensuring adequate living conditions and appropriate training loads. The first research using these techniques was carried out as early as the 1990s. Such research is currently used on a wide scale in biomechanical studies of horses, as well as in practice. Due to the growing interest in horse riding, it has become a valuable tool in training horses and in assessing their welfare.
31
Butler, Deborah, Mathilde Valenchon, Rachel Annan, Helen Whay, and Siobhan Mullan. "Living the ‘Best Life’ or ‘One Size Fits All’—Stakeholder Perceptions of Racehorse Welfare." Animals 9, no. 4 (2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040134.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions held by British racing industry stakeholders of factors influencing racehorse welfare. Ten focus groups were held across the UK with a total of 42 stakeholders from a range of roles within racehorse care including trainers, stable staff and veterinarians. Participants took part in three exercises. Firstly, to describe the scenarios of a ‘best life’ and the minimum welfare standards a horse in training could be living under. Secondly, to identify the main challenges for racehorse welfare and thirdly, to recall any innovative or uncommon practices to improve welfare they had witnessed. Using thematic analysis, eight themes emerged from the first exercise. Two strands, factors that contribute to maintaining health and the horse-human relationship ran through all eight themes. Across all themes horses living the ‘best life’ were perceived as being treated as individuals rather than being part of a ‘one size fits all’ life when kept under minimum welfare standards. Health was both perceived as the main challenge to welfare as well as one open to innovative practices such as improved veterinary treatments. Data obtained, informed by the knowledge and expertise of experienced stakeholders, combined with practical animal welfare science will be used to develop the first British racehorse welfare assessment protocol.
32
Henshall, Cathrynne, Hayley Randle, Nidhish Francis, and Rafael Freire. "Habit Formation and the Effect of Repeated Stress Exposures on Cognitive Flexibility Learning in Horses." Animals 12, no. 20 (2022): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202818.
Full textAbstract:
Horse training exposes horses to an array of cognitive and ethological challenges. Horses are routinely required to perform behaviours that are not aligned to aspects of their ethology, which may delay learning. While horses readily form habits during training, not all of these responses are considered desirable, resulting in the horse being subject to retraining. This is a form of cognitive flexibility and is critical to the extinction of habits and the learning of new responses. It is underpinned by complex neural processes which can be impaired by chronic or repeated stress. Domestic horses may be repeatedly exposed to multiples stressors. The potential contribution of stress impairments of cognitive flexibility to apparent training failures is not well understood, however research from neuroscience can be used to understand horses’ responses to training. We trained horses to acquire habit-like responses in one of two industry-style aversive instrumental learning scenarios (moving away from the stimulus-instinctual or moving towards the stimulus-non-instinctual) and evaluated the effect of repeated stress exposures on their cognitive flexibility in a reversal task. We measured heart rate as a proxy for noradrenaline release, salivary cortisol and serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) to infer possible neural correlates of the learning outcomes. The instinctual task which aligned with innate equine escape responses to aversive stimuli was acquired significantly faster than the non-instinctual task during both learning phases, however contrary to expectations, the repeated stress exposure did not impair the reversal learning. We report a preliminary finding that serum BDNF and salivary cortisol concentrations in horses are positively correlated. The ethological salience of training tasks and cognitive flexibility learning can significantly affect learning in horses and trainers should adapt their practices where such tasks challenge innate equine behaviour.
33
Crawford, Kylie L., Anna Finnane, Ristan M. Greer, et al. "Appraising the Welfare of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Training in Queensland, Australia: The Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes for Horses after Retirement from Racing." Animals 11, no. 1 (2021): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010142.
Full textAbstract:
There is international public concern regarding retirement of racehorses, including the reason for retirement and the outcome for horses after racing. However, there are currently no prospective studies investigating these factors. A recent independent inquiry in Queensland, Australia, highlighted that the true outcomes for horses after retirement from racing are largely unknown. Furthermore, there are currently no measures to monitor the outcome for racehorses and their welfare once they have left the care of the trainer. This study investigated these gaps in knowledge through a weekly survey conducted over a 13-month period. We aimed to evaluate: (1) the incidence of retirement, (2) the reasons and risk factors for retirement and (3) the medium-term (greater than 6 months) outcomes for horses after retirement. Data were collected through personal structured weekly interviews with participating trainers and analysed using negative binomial and logistic regression. There was a low incidence of retirements, namely 0.4% of horses in training per week. The season and training track did not affect the incidence of retirement. Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common reason for retirement (40/110 horses, 36%). Involuntary retirements accounted for 56/100 (51%) of retirements, whereby musculoskeletal injuries, respiratory or cardiac conditions and behavioural problems prevented the horse from racing The odds of voluntary retirement, whereby the horse was retired due to racing form or impending injury, increased with each additional race start (OR 1.05; p = 0.01) and start/year of racing (OR 1.21; p = 0.03) but decreased with increasing percentage of first, second and third places (OR 0.94; p < 0.001). Medium-term follow-up (median 14 months, IQR 11, 18, range 8–21) revealed that most horses (108/110; 98%) were repurposed after retirement, almost half as performance horses (50/110; 46%). Horses that voluntarily retired had 2.28 times the odds of being repurposed as performance horses than those retired involuntarily (p = 0.03). Whether retirement was voluntary or involuntary did not influence whether horses were used for breeding or pleasure. The primary limitation of this study is that our results reflect retirement in racehorses in South East Queensland, Australia, and may not be globally applicable. Furthermore, we were unable to monitor the long-term outcome and welfare of horses in their new careers. It is vital that the industry is focused on understanding the risks for voluntary rather than involuntary retirement and optimising the long-term repurposing of horses. There is a need for traceability and accountability for these horses to ensure that their welfare is maintained in their new careers.
34
Crawford, Kylie L., Anna Finnane, Ristan M. Greer, et al. "Appraising the Welfare of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Training in Queensland, Australia: The Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes for Horses after Retirement from Racing." Animals 11, no. 1 (2021): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010142.
Full textAbstract:
There is international public concern regarding retirement of racehorses, including the reason for retirement and the outcome for horses after racing. However, there are currently no prospective studies investigating these factors. A recent independent inquiry in Queensland, Australia, highlighted that the true outcomes for horses after retirement from racing are largely unknown. Furthermore, there are currently no measures to monitor the outcome for racehorses and their welfare once they have left the care of the trainer. This study investigated these gaps in knowledge through a weekly survey conducted over a 13-month period. We aimed to evaluate: (1) the incidence of retirement, (2) the reasons and risk factors for retirement and (3) the medium-term (greater than 6 months) outcomes for horses after retirement. Data were collected through personal structured weekly interviews with participating trainers and analysed using negative binomial and logistic regression. There was a low incidence of retirements, namely 0.4% of horses in training per week. The season and training track did not affect the incidence of retirement. Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common reason for retirement (40/110 horses, 36%). Involuntary retirements accounted for 56/100 (51%) of retirements, whereby musculoskeletal injuries, respiratory or cardiac conditions and behavioural problems prevented the horse from racing The odds of voluntary retirement, whereby the horse was retired due to racing form or impending injury, increased with each additional race start (OR 1.05; p = 0.01) and start/year of racing (OR 1.21; p = 0.03) but decreased with increasing percentage of first, second and third places (OR 0.94; p < 0.001). Medium-term follow-up (median 14 months, IQR 11, 18, range 8–21) revealed that most horses (108/110; 98%) were repurposed after retirement, almost half as performance horses (50/110; 46%). Horses that voluntarily retired had 2.28 times the odds of being repurposed as performance horses than those retired involuntarily (p = 0.03). Whether retirement was voluntary or involuntary did not influence whether horses were used for breeding or pleasure. The primary limitation of this study is that our results reflect retirement in racehorses in South East Queensland, Australia, and may not be globally applicable. Furthermore, we were unable to monitor the long-term outcome and welfare of horses in their new careers. It is vital that the industry is focused on understanding the risks for voluntary rather than involuntary retirement and optimising the long-term repurposing of horses. There is a need for traceability and accountability for these horses to ensure that their welfare is maintained in their new careers.
35
Ün, Ali Ekber. "Binicilik Antrenörü Gözünde Hippoterapi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 10 (2020): 2131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i10.2131-2138.3604.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this review article is to collaborate on future studies about hippotherapy to horse and riding trainers, health professionals, veterinarians, individuals in need and individuals with disabilities and their relatives and to shed light on academic studies. It has been stated in studies that hippotherapy is beneficial for patients in the world. Therefore, as a result of new private hippotherapy centers in public institutions and in Turkey, studies on hippotherapy have been started. The studies carried out in hippotherapy are increasing and widespread and continuing to contribute to the treatment of the individuals in need and individuals with disabilities with hippotherapy sessions with expert teams. However, in the studies, the sessions of the hippotherapy team with two common creatures have great duties on the equestrian coaches in order to meet the needs of the horse and the individual in need or individual with disability. For this reason, since hippotherapy is a multidisciplinary team work consisting of specialist professionals, it has been researched to contribute to the horse and rider coaches on the field and to the expert team attending the sessions, to the new experts and the families of the individuals in need and disabled individuals. In the current review, the information about the history of hippotherapy and development, information about hippotherapy institutions in Turkey, individuals in need and individuals with disabilities, benefits of hippotherapy, characteristics of the hippotherapy horse, training of the hippotherapy horse are emphasized, and especially emphasis is placed on the use of work in the field of horse and equestrian coaching.
36
KUSAKA, Takashi, Takayuki TANAKA, Shun'ichi KANEKO, Yoshihito SUZUKI, Munenobu SAITOH, and Hidekazu KAJIWARA. "2A1-C25 Smart Suit for Horse Trainers : Power and Skill Assist Based on Energy Control." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2010 (2010): _2A1—C25_1—_2A1—C25_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2010._2a1-c25_1.
Full text
37
KSENOFONTOVA, A. A., O. A. VOINOVA, A. A. IVANOV, and D. A. KSENOFONTOV. "IMPACT OF PAIN STRESS ON THE ADAPTIVE CAPABILITIES OF THE BLOOD SYSTEM AND WELFARE OF HORSES." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 5 (2022): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2022-5-133-147.
Full textAbstract:
The full genetic potential of productive animals can only be realised if high standards of welfare are maintained in production. One of the indicators of animal welfare is animal health, and one of the markers of various pathological processes is pain. Sports horse breeding is a specific concept in which the competent work of trainers and riders significantly effects on the health of animals, and therefore their performance, in addition to housing and feeding conditions. Timely diagnosis of pain is important for evaluating animal welfare, as pain can be considered as a predictor of various diseases. Using the standardized Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) pain scale, the population of sports horses of the equestrian sports complex of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy was evaluated for the presence and intensity of pain syndrome, followed by analysis of some blood parameters. A correlation has been established between the intensity of pain and the number of diseases previously diagnosed in animals. Pain, as a powerful stress factor, causes tension in almost all functional systems of the body, including the blood system. Horses with a severe pain syndrome showed changes in the cellular composition of peripheral blood, in particular, an increase in the level of leukocytes, a decrease in the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content therein, with a simultaneous increase in the mean erythrocyte volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin,, as well as an increase in glucose concentration. Such changes can be considered as adaptive mechanisms that make the animal body function normally under the effect of pain stress.
38
Bergstrom, B. E., J. H. Foreman, C. R. Foreman, and A. M. Barger. "Intra- and inter-day variability in plasma tCO2 concentration in sedentary horses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 1 (2014): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13027.
Full textAbstract:
Sodium bicarbonate and other alkalinising solutions (‘milkshakes’) have been given to horses surreptitiously before exercise to provide exogenous buffering effects. After an initial positive blood test, some accused horse trainers claim that their horses ‘naturally test high’, so some jurisdictions allow a secured quarantine in which the horse is tested multiple times. The objective of this experiment was to determine the intra- and inter-day variability of plasma total CO2 (tCO2) and other plasma strong ions in a group of sedentary horses housed similarly to a quarantine period. The hypothesis was that plasma tCO2 would not remain constant over a multi-day monitoring interval, but would vary measurably during that interval. Eight sedentary (unconditioned) horses were studied for 2 weeks. Horses were acclimated to a climate-controlled indoor environment and an alfalfa-only diet for a minimum of 10 days prior to sampling. Horses were sampled 3 times daily for 5 consecutive days at 7:00, 11:00 and 15:00 h. Blood samples were collected directly into 10 ml heparinised evacuated glass tubes by jugular venipuncture using a double-ended 0.91 mm needle. Samples were chilled until concentrations of plasma tCO2, Na+, K+, and Cl-, were determined within 1-3 h of sampling using an automated serum chemistry analyzer which was calibrated daily using commercial reagents obtained from the manufacturer as well as externally-obtained NIST-traceable calibrating solutions. Mean results documented mild variations in mean plasma tCO2 (range 28.9-31.6 mmol/l), but individual horses’ plasma tCO2 ranged over 4-7 units. Results showed that there was considerable intra- and inter-individual variability in plasma tCO2. Mean pooled tCO2 and measured strong ion difference (SIDm) differed by time-of-day, with both late morning and early afternoon values lower than early morning values (P<0.001). There was a strong positive linear relationship between plasma SIDm and tCO2 (r=0.75, P<0.001).
39
Saitua, Aritz, Mireya Becero, David Argüelles, et al. "Combined Effects of Water Depth and Velocity on the Accelerometric Parameters Measured in Horses Exercised on a Water Treadmill." Animals 10, no. 2 (2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020236.
Full textAbstract:
Horse trainers often claim that exercise on a water treadmill (WT) leads to a greater muscle power and development compared to terrestrial locomotion, because of the greater viscosity of water compared to air. This research assesses locomotor changes measured with accelerometers fixed in the pectoral region and in the sacrum midline in six horses subjected to exercise sessions of 40 min duration on a WT without water (DT), and with water at the depth of fetlock (FET) and carpus (CAR) with velocities of 6 km/h and at the depth of stifle (STF) at 5 km/h. Another five horses performed the same exercise sessions but always with a velocity of 5 km/h. Total power increased from DT to FET and CAR, without significant differences between CAR and STF depths when the velocity was the same. However, a significant decrease was found when the velocity was reduced. The greater total power with water was distributed mainly to the dorsoventral axis, with significant increases in dorsoventral displacement and dorsoventral power. Both parameters were significantly affected by velocity and water depth. In conclusion, total and dorsoventral powers increased with velocity and water depth, leading to reduction in longitudinal and mediolateral power, during exercise on a WT.
40
Santos, Maíra M., Gabriel V. Ramos, Isabela M. de Figueiredo, Tainá C. B. V. Silva, and José C. Lacerda-Neto. "Cardiac Changes after Lactate-Guided Conditioning in Young Purebred Arabian Horses." Animals 13, no. 11 (2023): 1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13111800.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiac adaptation to conditioning in horses was evaluated after empirical training based on trainers’ experience. Twelve purebred Arabian horses, aged (mean ± SD) 28.42 ± 3.75 months, which did not perform any type of exercise prior to the research, were submitted to treadmill conditioning for six weeks. The conditioning program was based on the velocity run by the horse at which the blood lactate concentration, determined in an incremental exercise test (IET), reached 2 mmol/L (V2). The velocity at which the blood lactate concentration reached 4 mmol/L (V4) was also determined. The echocardiograms were performed at rest with pulsed-wave and tissue Doppler imaging in B- and M-modes. All procedures were carried out before and after the conditioning period. The results showed increases in V2 (from 5.2 ± 0.3 to 6.7 ± 0.4 m/s) and V4 (from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 7.6 ± 0.5 m/s) (p < 0.0001). There were also increases in the left ventricle internal diameter at diastole (LVIDd), left ventricle mass (LV mass), and stroke volume (SV), while no changes were observed in the LV free wall thickness and mean and relative wall thicknesses. The conditioning protocol, which was completed by all horses, proved to be safe and efficient, as it improved the aerobic capacity of the animals. Finally, the cardiac remodeling that occurred was mainly associated with the effect of physical training.
41
Parkes, Rebecca S. V., Renate Weller, Thilo Pfau, and Thomas H. Witte. "The Effect of Training on Stride Duration in a Cohort of Two-Year-Old and Three-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses." Animals 9, no. 7 (2019): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070466.
Full textAbstract:
Objective gait monitoring is increasingly accessible to trainers. A more comprehensive understanding of ‘normal’ gait adaptations is required. Forty two-year-old thoroughbred racehorses were recruited when entering training and followed for 22 months. Gait analysis was performed by equipping each horse with an inertial measurement unit with inbuilt GPS (GPS-IMU) mounted on the dorsum. Horses were exercised as per their regular training regimen. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model. For two-year-old horses, there was a non-linear pattern of stride duration (SD) over time (p < 0.001) with SD decreasing initially and then ‘flattening off’ over time (linear and quadratic coefficients −0.29 ms/week and 0.006 ms/week2). Horses showed an increase in SD of 2.21 ms (p < 0.001) per 100 m galloped, and over time, SD decreased by 0.04 ms (p < 0.001) with each 100 m galloped per week. Three-year-old horses overall showed no change in SD over time (p = 0.52), but those that had a period of time off showed a decrease in SD of −0.59 ms per week (p = 0.02). They showed an increase in SD of 1.99 ms (p < 0.001) per 100 m galloped, and horses that had a period of time off showed an increase in stride duration of 1.05 ms per 100 m galloped (p = 0.01) compared to horses which did not have time off. Horses demonstrate an adaptation to high-speed exercise over time. SD decreases with training when other factors are controlled for in naïve horses.
42
Spiess, Bernhard M., Sibylle Nyikos, Eva Stummer, Ali Sahin, and Hanspeter Naegeli. "Systemic dexamethasone concentration in horses after continued topical treatment with an ophthalmic preparation of dexamethasone." American Journal of Veterinary Research 60, no. 5 (1999): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1999.60.05.571.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective To determine concentrations of dexamethasone in serum and urine of horses treated repeatedly with a topically administered ophthalmic dexamethasone preparation. Animals 4 clinically normal horses (2 mares, 2 geldings). Procedure 0.1% dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment was administered to the left eye of each horse every 5 to 9 hours for 8 consecutive days, yielding an estimated cumulative dexamethasone dose of 6.4 μg/kg of body weight. Serum and urine samples were obtained before the first dexamethasone treatment, on days 4 and 8 of treatment, and 24, 48, and 96 hours after cessation of treatment. To detect small concentrations of dexamethasone, serum and urine samples were analyzed by use of a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Results During the period of continued topical treatment, serum dexamethasone concentrations increased to between 0.10 and 0.49 ng/ml, then decreased below the limit of detection (0.06 ng/ml) within 24 hours after cessation of treatment. Dexamethasone also was detected in urine samples at concentrations of up to 0.98 ng/ml. Conclusions Repeated topical administration of dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment generated low, but detectable glucocorticoid concentrations in serum and urine. Clinical Relevance Because treatment of performance horses with dexamethasone is prohibited for most types of competitions and because enhanced glucocorticoid detection methods may result in positive test results, owners and trainers may wish to reconsider entering horses in competitions during periods of treatment with ophthalmic dexamethasone preparations. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:571–576)
43
Milewska, Hanna. "Working animal’s welfare in antiquity. An interdisciplinary comparison of ancient horse breeding and training methods, as well as historical equipment, with modern horse welfare research results." Revista CICSA online, Serie Nouă, no. 9 (June 15, 2023): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/cicsa.2023.9.6.
Full textAbstract:
Working animals, the method of their breeding, preparation for work and equipment related to their use, are inextricably linked with production and trade around the world from prehistoric times to the present day. Typically, archaeological research focus on analysing the effects of human-animal cooperation, not the breeding and training process itself. The article presents an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, combining the analysis of ancient texts, obtained through excavations, elements of the horse tack, as well as the effects of the work of reenactors with the approach to animals presented by modern animal psychologists and trainers and their research on the welfare of working horses. The first part focuses on the comparison of ancient texts with current guidelines regarding the handling of farm animals and the principles of natural training methods. The second part of the is devoted to the comparison of the construction of Scythian, Roman and Medieval saddles with modern saddles, as well as the results of a meta-analysis of research on the pressure exerted on the horse's back by various types of saddles. The presented analysis was performed using the ANOVA method. The indicators used in it were the pressure force of the saddle on the back, measured in kPa, by the mat system Novel GmbH, Novel Electronic and Pliance-X System, as well as the presence of sweat stains on the back under the saddle. The obtained values were compared with known pain scales in order to identify the saddle exerting the least harmful pressure on the horse's back.
44
Mihók, Sándor. "Selection of Sport- and Racehorses." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 18 (March 4, 2005): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/18/3235.
Full textAbstract:
The utilisation of the horse has changed from time to time in response to human needs. For a few decades, it has been serving in several equestrian sports more intensively. It has also been proved that the standards for this kind of performance cannot be established in the way certain characteristics, such as the weight gain or milk production of other animal breeds can. Breeding horses for sporting comprises highly complex selection criteria.Some of these (e.g. external features, temperament, manageability and intelligence) do not put the breeder in a difficult position, but finding the traits that establishes the safety of sporting achievements poses a genetic problem.The performance of a horse for sports is a highly complex feature, which cannot easily be assessed or put down in figures. In addition, man plays a decisive role in shaping all kinds of performance of a horse at any given time by not only creating conditions for a better performance, but also by playing an active role in increasing it.The performance of the horse is mostly defined by its general aptitude to movement, ie., the regularity, clear rhythm and springiness of basic types of strides, as well as the ability to move in a naturally balanced way. Training and riding principles are based on these traits. These two together will determine about 70% of the value of the horse and its adequacy for high performance equestrian sports. In order to avoid subjectivity in determining the above variables and to increase the degree of objectivity, competent expert teams (trainers, judges, other riders) are employed to form an opinion on an individual animal.Assessing horse performance outside races does not seem to be efficient, as owing to the dominant effects of the environment, the indicator of inheritability is hardly above 0.1.Free jumping is an especially appropriate means for assessing a horse’s readiness and ability to move in an environment free of disturbing factors. In free jumping, it is especially important to judge the style of the jump. The first phase of jumping – as a sequence of movements – lasts from the moment the fore-feet touch the ground until the moment the hind-feet push off, while the second phase lasts from this moment until touching the ground. The most important task in the first phase is to make the angle of the dip of the body by the supporting fore-feet that is necessary for the jump. The quality of the jump is determined by the jumping and adequately expanded hind-legs. The intensity of pushing off and jumping done by the hind-legs can be inferred, and differences between individuals can be discerned from the shaping of the curve by the hocks and the paths of the pasterns in relation to the withers.
45
Johnson, Steven, and Jennifer Symons. "Measuring Volumetric Changes of Equine Distal Limbs: A Pilot Study Examining Jumping Exercise." Animals 9, no. 10 (2019): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100751.
Full textAbstract:
Equine athletes can incur musculoskeletal injuries due to repetitive loading during training and competition. Prior to signs of lameness, horse trainers and veterinarians may observe swelling in the distal limbs, where injuries most frequently occur. Early observations may guide modulation of training to manage physiological stress and mitigate risk of injury. However, these observations of changing limb volume can be subjective and imprecise. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and applicability of a tablet-mounted, 3D scanner to measure and record distal limb volumes of horses before and after exercise. Users recorded scans of a cylinder of known volume with errors up to 8%. Experienced users’ measures were biased (i.e., consistently overestimated). The scanner was able to detect statistically significant increases in volume for both fore and hind limbs after one jumping session (310–2058 cm3). Age and intensity of workload may play a role in magnitude of limb swelling, but had mixed conclusions between fore and hind limbs. More studies with additional horses must be performed to solidify these relationships. The evaluated 3D scanner is a low-cost, accessible tool that was able to detect changes in limb swelling as a result of exercise and mechanical stress. With continued research, this information may guide training programs to decrease injury and maximize performance of equine athletes in the future.
46
Nielsen, B. D., and C. I. O'Connor-Robison. "A pilot study to determine if a dietary mineral supplement can affect reactivity to stimuli by horses in training." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 3 (2014): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep140006.
Full textAbstract:
Trainers have reported horses to be calmer and easier to train after receiving a calcium- and magnesium-rich mineral supplement derived from a calcified algae source. The purpose of this study was to test whether horses receiving this supplement were calmer than horses receiving a placebo. Fourteen 2-year-old Arabians in training were subjected to a ‘moving object reactivity test’ (MORT) and ‘handling reactivity test’ (HRT). The MORT involves quickly raising a bag suspended from the ceiling and scoring horses' reactions. The HRT involves placing horses into breeding stocks and scoring the horses’ nervousness. Horses were equipped with heart rate (HR) monitors and were scored by four observers blinded to treatment. Reactivity scores and HR were used to randomly striate the horses into two groups: a treated group (MIN) receiving 100 g of Aquacid/horse/day and a control group (CO) receiving a placebo. After supplementation for 60 days, horses were retested. Using PROC Mixed, changes from day 0 were examined. In the MORT, CO had an increase of 29 bpm (P=0.001), while MIN only showed a trend to increase (12 bpm; P=0.1). There was no difference between treatments (P=0.12). Reactivity scores during the MORT were not different between treatments (P=0.14) with CO horses increasing by 0.58 (1 to 5 scale) and MIN horses by 0.31. In the HRT, the peak HR of CO increased from day 0 by 17 bpm (P=0.009), but only by 11 bpm in the MIN (P=0.08). Reactivity scores for MIN horses improved by 0.45 (scale from 1 to 4) while the CO worsened by 0.04. Neither HRT measurement was significant (P=0.41 and P=0.33, respectively). Limited treatment differences suggest greater subject numbers were needed due to variability in behavioural responses despite some outcomes favouring MIN. Though inconclusive, results suggest anecdotal claims of calming effects may warrant further investigation.
47
Genchev, Stefan E., Gordon T. Gray, and Stacia Wert-Gray. "A Conceptual and Qualitative Study of Outsourcing Criteria and the Role of Emotions in Decision-Making: The Case of Equine Sports Transportation Outsourcing." Journal of Transportation Management 30, no. 1 (2019): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1561954020.
Full textAbstract:
For years, transportation outsourcing was considered a formal transaction-cost economics decision with little or no consideration for additional factors. This limiting perspective provides the stimulus for the current qualitative study, which examines additional factors affecting the transportation decision. For this article, the equine industry is studied in order to gain a better understanding of additional factors that go into decision- making. In-depth interviews with horse owners and trainers in the equine industry revealed that, in addition to a detailed cognitive assessment of transporter capabilities, the outsourcing decision involves a considerable emotional component. These finding could be noteworthy for a number of industries, such as household goods, museums, fine art (paintings, statues, sculptures), antique furniture (including pianos), collectibles of all kinds, and other high involvement luxury items.
48
Cate, R. E., B. D. Nielsen, H. S. Spooner, C. I. O'Connor-Robison, and H. C. Schott II. "Prevalence of gastric ulcers and relationship to other parameters in Standardbred racehorses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 8, no. 1 (2012): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep12009.
Full textAbstract:
Gastric ulcer prevalence rate is reported to be 60-90% in racehorses. This study examined a population of 40 Standardbred horses in race training and assessed the relationship of ulcers to performance history and body condition score (BCS). Forty Standardbreds on two racing facilities in southern Michigan were examined during the last 2 weeks of December 2007 and the second week of January 2008. Age of horses (as of January 1) ranged from 3 to 12 years. Squamous epithelial ulcers were graded (0-4) using an established scoring system during gastroscopic examinations and BCS was recorded (1 to 9 scale). Trainers graded racing performance of each horse on a scale of A to F, with A being best. Horses were grouped according to gender, age, and BCS. Prevalence of ulcers was similar between facilities (50% and 56%) but the mean prevalence (52.5%) was lower than in previous reports. Ulcer score was not related to gender (P=0.84), age (P=0.72), BCS (P=0.64), or performance history (P=0.55). These findings suggest that commonly cited prevalence rates of ulcers may not be consistent for all populations of racehorses. Further, given that less than 20% of the horses examined had an ulcer score grade 2 or higher, the impact that ulcers have on performance may be overestimated in some equine populations. Finally, this study clearly demonstrates that a gastroscopic examination is necessary to determine presence of ulcers, rather than assuming their presence based on decreased performance or low body condition score.
49
Rostad, Delaney R., and Jennie L. Ivey. "24 Prevalence, Usage, and Perceptions of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) in the Equine Industry." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The use of alternative therapies in the equine industry is increasing in popularity and spans manual manipulation to more progressive forms of technology. Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) has shown to reduce pain and increase range of motion within human and canine medicine. Often, PEMF is touted to improve performance and reduce stress prior to competition, yet little information exists on effectiveness, perceptions, treatment protocols, and therapeutic response within equids. Our objective was to assess how PEMF is administered and perceived therapy impact on equine patients. An online survey (Qualtrics) was disseminated to United States residents over 18 years of age and deemed exempt by the institutional review board. Data were analyzed using the frequency procedure in SAS (v9.4). Three groups within the equine industry were targeted: equine owners and leasers (OL, n = 350); trainers, coaches, grooms, and jockeys (TC, n = 80); and administrators of PEMF therapy (AD, n = 237). Across all survey respondents (n = 355), 86% (n = 305) exercise or ride their horses and 85.08% (n = 268) of individuals who ride have used PEMF therapy on their performance horse. Among TC, 96.25% (n = 77) respondents reported the use of PEMF therapy on a horse under their care. Whole body therapy was the most commonly reported location for PEMF by OL (91.6%, n = 240) and AD (96.12%, n = 223), followed by back and loin(47.33%, 124) for OL and front legs (56.47%, n = 131) for AD. Most frequent session length reported by OL was 45-90 minutes (30.96%, n = 61). Within 1 day of treatment, the majority of AD (n = 85, 40.28%) and OL (n = 104, 39.54%) perceived the greatest effects of PEMF therapy. Use and positive perception of PEMF in the equine industry is evident; however, more research is needed to elicit therapeutic effects for performance animals.
50
Fenger, C. K., T. Tobin, P. J. Casey, E. A. Roualdes, J. L. Langemeier, and D. M. Haines. "Bovine colostrum supplementation optimises earnings, performance and recovery in racing Thoroughbreds." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 4 (2014): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep140023.
Full textAbstract:
Bovine colostrum (BC) is the first milk produced by cows after calving and contains numerous beneficial substances for the immunity and development of the newborn calf. Because of the growth and immune factors in BC, it has become an attractive supplement for use by athletes to support immunity and health during athletic performance. In order to evaluate the effects of oral BC supplementation on equine athletes, this study evaluated the earnings, performance, recovery and incidence of upper respiratory infections (URTI) in racing horses. The study design was a randomized cross-over racing performance study. 21 horses in race training were randomly assigned to train and compete with or without BC supplementation. After each horse competed in three races, it was crossed over to the other group, allowed a three week washout period, and then competed in three additional races. Horses in public training stables of 3 participating trainers were used. Race performance as determined by earnings, Bloodstock Research Information System (BRIS) speed figures, recovery as determined by number of days between races and incidence of upper respiratory tract disease was recorded. 11 horses completed the study. There was no effect of the order of BC supplementation on the measured variables. Horses on BC supplementation earned $ 2,088 more purse money per race, than when unsupplemented (P=0.016), and ran an average of 5 BRIS speed points higher (P=0.03). Horses returned to racing on average 7.5 days faster (16.9 days vs 24.4 days, P=0.048). There were no URTI among the horses on BC supplementation and two infections while not on BC supplementation (z-test, P=0.11). Statistical analysis showed that horses recovered more quickly, earned three times more money and raced better as judged by BRIS scores while competing with BC supplementation. BC supplemented horses also experienced fewer URTI, although this effect was not significant.