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Journal articles on the topic 'Horseflies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Akimbekova, Almagul Fazylkarimovna, and Ayaulym Adilgazykyzy Arystanbay. "FAUNAL REVIEW OF HORSEFLIES OF THE AKMOLA REGION." Chronos 6, no. 3(53) (March 13, 2021): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-53-3-1.

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Data on the species composition and ecology of horseflies in the study area are presented. The habitation of horseflies belong to five genera has been established. 25 species of horseflies were identified in the study area. Under favorable climatic conditions, there is an increase in the number of horseflies. The terms of activity and number of horseflies on pastures of cattle and horses were studied.

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2

Krčmar, Stjepan. "The horseflies fauna diversity (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the habitats along the Mura river in Međimurje, Croatia." Entomologia Croatica 22, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17971/ec.22.1.3.

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From May to September 2022, in the habitats along the Mura River, 1295 horseflies were sampled, classified into two subfamilies, six genera, and 21 species. Seven new records of horseflies were recorded for the first time in the researched area. Newly recorded species are: Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus cordiger, Tabanus sudeticus, Heptatoma pellucens, Haematopota italica, Haematopota scutellata, Haematopota subcylindrica. The species Haematopota pluvialis is the most abundant species, accounting for 60.07% of all sampled horseflies. Tabanus bromius followed with 21.23%, while the other 19 horseflies account for 18.7%. 18 species of horseflies belonged to the boreal-Eurasian type of fauna, two belonged to the Mediterranean type of fauna, i.e. the southern European subtype, while one species belonged to the Afro-Eurasian-arid type of fauna. In the collected sample of horseflies, 33 males classified into 10 species were recorded, while all other collected horseflies were females (1262 specimens) classified into 20 species. The greatest similarity of the horseflies fauna was recorded between the localities Križovec and Goričan, 81.81%. 17 species of horseflies were sampled with a modified Manitoba trap (the so-called canopy trap), and 14 species were sampled with an oil or liquid trap. The largest number of horsefly specimens (59.07%) was sampled in the month of July, while the least horseflies were sampled in September (0.15%). The most abundant species, Tabanus bromius and Haematopota pluvialis, recorded their highest peaks of abundance in July. The longest flight period lasting five months (from May to September) was recorded only for Haematopota pluvialis. Tabanus bromius was represented in all 11 localities, while the species Haematopota pluvialis was represented in 10 localities, as well as the species Chrysops viduatus. Based on the earlier research conducted in 2011 and current research of the horseflies fauna along the Mura river in Međimurje, 22 taxa of horseflies (21 species and 1 subspecies) classified into six genera were identified.

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3

Krčmar, Stjepan, and Mislav Kovačić. "Diversity of horsefly fauna (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Bansko Hill." Natura Croatica 32, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2023.32.34.

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From 2018 to 2022, at 10 localities on Bansko Hill, 3,639 horseflies were sampled. Most specimens (3,404) were sampled in 2022 in the period from mid-May to mid-September. The horseflies sampled are classified into two subfamilies, six genera and 19 species. The species Hybomitra ukrainica (Olsufjev, 1952), Tabanus miki Brauer in Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1880, Haematopota grandis Meigen, 1820 and Haematopota pandazisi (Kröber, 1936) are new finds of horsefly species for the studied area. The species Tabanus tergestinus Egger, 1859 is the most abundant species and makes up 71.11% of the horseflies sampled. The species Tabanus bromius L., 1758 followed with 10.16% of the abundance, Tabanus sudeticus Zeller, 1842 with 8.82% and Atylotus loewianus (Villeneuve, 1920) with 5.74% of the horseflies sampled, while 15 other species of horseflies were represented by the remaining 4.17%. In the collected sample, male horseflies accounted for 51.71% of the sample; all of them were sampled with an oil liquid trap. The largest number of horseflies (84.14%) were sampled in localities on the northeastern side of Bansko Hill, covered with forest vegetation of secondary origin. Three species, T. bromius, T. tergestinus and Heptatoma pellucens, (Fabricius, 1776) have the longest flight period, from mid-May to mid-September. The highest peaks of abundance for T. tergestinus, T. bromius, and T. sudeticus were recorded in July, for H. pellucens in June and for A. loewianus in August. The greatest similarity in horsefly fauna (85.71%) was recorded in the localities Popovac and Karanac. 90.98% of horseflies were collected by liquid oil traps, followed by sticky traps (5.22%) and canopy traps (3.79%). Data from earlier studies from 2011 and data from the current studies in the area of Bansko Hill have yielded records of 22 species of horsefly.

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4

Khlyzova, Tatyana A. "To the fauna of mosquitoes and horseflies (Diptera: Culicidae, Tabanidae) of natural and climatic zones of the Tyumen region." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 07016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339007016.

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The article summarizes and analyzes the materials of literary sources and the results of our own research on the inventory of species diversity of mosquitoes and horseflies in the Tyumen region. The fauna of horseflies in the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrug is represented by 27 species and 6 subspecies, mosquitoes - 29 species, in the southern part of the region - 33 species, 4 subspecies of horseflies and 41 species of mosquitoes.

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5

Abarykova and Yegorov. "STRUCTURE OF BLOOD-SUCKING HORSE-FLY FAUNA IN AGROECOSYSTEMS OF THE CENTRAL NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.27-32.

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The aim of our work is to study structural changes in the species composition of blood-sucking dipterans in various biotopes of agrocenoses. It is established that the structure of the fauna of the blood-sucking Tabanidae is determined by abiotic (moisture, illumination, available shelters) and biotic (concentration of feeders) factors. One of the most important environmental factors that attract horseflies to agrocenoses is high density of farm animals that feed these insects. On lowland pastures, due to sufficient moisture, high light intensity and sun warming, conditions are favorable for habitation of adult horseflies. The ecological conditions of the adult horseflies habitation on dry pastures due to greater dryness, strong sun warming, lack of shelter and strong wind negatively affect the total number of horseflies. The ecological conditions of the adult horseflies habitation in the by-farm territories are less favorable. There is a tendency to reduction of the share of taiga species in the zoogeographic structure of the horsefly fauna (from 9 to 6 species over the past 10 years) and forest-steppe faunal complex (from 7 to 6 species). At the same time, the total average number of female horseflies attacking animals in various biotopes of agrocenoses of the central Non-Black Earth Zone has remained almost unchanged.

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6

Horváth, Gábor, Ádám Pereszlényi, Susanne Åkesson, and György Kriska. "Striped bodypainting protects against horseflies." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 181325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181325.

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Bodypainting is widespread in African, Australian and Papua New Guinean indigenous communities. Many bodypaintings use white or bright yellow/grey/beige stripes on brown skin. Where the majority of people using bodypainting presently live, blood-sucking horseflies are abundant, and they frequently attack the naked brown regions of the human body surface with the risk of transmitting the pathogens of dangerous diseases. Since horseflies are deterred by the black and white stripes of zebras, we hypothesized that white-striped paintings on dark brown human bodies have a similar effect. In a field experiment in Hungary, we tested this hypothesis. We show that the attractiveness to horseflies of a dark brown human body model significantly decreases, if it is painted with the white stripes that are used in bodypaintings. Our brown human model was 10 times more attractive to horseflies than the white-striped brown model, and a beige model, which was used as a control, attracted two times more horseflies than the striped brown model. Thus, white-striped bodypaintings, such as those used by African and Australian people, may serve to deter horseflies, which is an advantageous byproduct of these bodypaintings that could lead to reduced irritation and disease transmission by these blood-sucking insects.

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7

Al-Talafha, H., Z. S. Amr, M. Abu Baker, and A. Katbeh Bader. "Horseflies of Jordan." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 18, no. 2 (June 2004): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-283x.2004.00490.x.

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8

Sivkova. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACTIVITY OF BLINDERS (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.474-478.

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This article summarizes the available literature data on association of blood-sucking horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) with various abiotic factors (illumination, air temperature, wind and humidity). In recent years, studies on the daily and seasonal activity of horseflies in various territories of our country have been significantly expanded. The gnat complex includes mosquitoes (the family Culicidae), horseflies (Tabanidae), blackflies (Simuliidae) and sandflies (Ceratopogonidae). Factors that determine high abundance of the gnat are favorable climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence combined with abundance of breeding biotopes (various reservoirs and swamp formations), and habitat of adults (woody, shrub or tall herbaceous vegetation available), as well as a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals, a source of engorgement. The damage depends on high abundance of these insects and can adversely affect the health of farm animals and humans due to the transmission of infectious and invasive diseases. The development of effective measures to control horseflies based on the knowledge of biology of these insects, is one of the urgent tasks of agricultural science aimed at increasing animal productivity.

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9

Horváth, Gábor, Tamás Szörényi, Ádám Pereszlényi, Balázs Gerics, Ramón Hegedüs, András Barta, and Susanne Åkesson. "Why do horseflies need polarization vision for host detection? Polarization helps tabanid flies to select sunlit dark host animals from the dark patches of the visual environment." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 11 (November 2017): 170735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170735.

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Horseflies (Tabanidae) are polarotactic, being attracted to linearly polarized light when searching for water or host animals. Although it is well known that horseflies prefer sunlit dark and strongly polarizing hosts, the reason for this preference is unknown. According to our hypothesis, horseflies use their polarization sensitivity to look for targets with higher degrees of polarization in their optical environment, which as a result facilitates detection of sunlit dark host animals. In this work, we tested this hypothesis. Using imaging polarimetry, we measured the reflection–polarization patterns of a dark host model and a living black cow under various illumination conditions and with different vegetation backgrounds. We focused on the intensity and degree of polarization of light originating from dark patches of vegetation and the dark model/cow. We compared the chances of successful host selection based on either intensity or degree of polarization of the target and the combination of these two parameters. We show that the use of polarization information considerably increases the effectiveness of visual detection of dark host animals even in front of sunny–shady–patchy vegetation. Differentiation between a weakly polarizing, shady (dark) vegetation region and a sunlit, highly polarizing dark host animal increases the efficiency of host search by horseflies.

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10

Guimaraes, Ronald Rodrigues, Ronald Rodrigues Guimarães Junior, Sandor Buys, Harlan Ronald Rodrigues Storti, Roney Rodrigues Guimarães, Eduardo Dias Wermelinger, and Raimundo Wilson Carvalho. "Remarks on Behavior of Horse Guard Wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Bembicinae) and Interrupted Hematophagism of Horse Flies (Diptera, Tabanidae)." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 1 (October 28, 2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p27.

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<p class="1Body">During studies on tabanid fauna on Marambaia Island, Mangaratiba, Brazil, the authors captured 71specimens of two species of solitaire sand wasps hunting horseflies, <em>Stictia punctata </em>(Fabricius, 1775) and <em>Stictia signata signata</em> (Linnaeus, 1758). Wasps interact with horseflies demonstrating outstanding behavior, interrupting the hematophagism, which enhances tabanids ability to transmit pathogenic agents to natural hosts.</p>

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11

Thürer, Matthias. "Lovely: Sweet Nothings for Horseflies." Quality Management Journal 21, no. 1 (January 2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2014.11918379.

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12

Wales, Katie. "Zodiac Mindwarp meets the Horseflies." English Today 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400006167.

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13

Krčmar, Stjepan, Mladen Kučinić, Marco Pezzi, and Branka Bruvo Mađarić. "DNA barcoding of the horsefly fauna (Diptera, Tabanidae) of Croatia with notes on the morphology and taxonomy of selected species from Chrysopsinae and Tabaninae." ZooKeys 1087 (February 23, 2022): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1087.78707.

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In the Croatian fauna, horseflies (Tabanidae) are represented by 78 species belonging to two subfamilies, five tribes, and 10 genera. Identification of these species is based on morphological characteristics. In this study, 43 species of horseflies were analyzed. The highest number of species (19) belongs to the genus Tabanus, followed by the genera Hybomitra with seven species, Haematopota with six species, Chrysops with four species, Atylotus and Philipomyia with two species each, and the genera Silvius, Dasyrhamphis, and Heptatoma with one species each. The standard DNA barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene, subunit I (COI), was sequenced and compared to the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). Our analyses confirmed our morphological identifications and added 16 new Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) for Tabanidae to BOLD. Potential problems in the systematics and taxonomy of this family are highlighted.

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14

Hovhannisyan, V. S., L. S. Mirumyan, A. S. Gasparyan, L. G. Avanesyan, S. A. Shogheryan, M. Z. Magomedova, P. D. Magomedova, and L. D. Harutyunova. "The impact of climate changes on the ranges of invertebrates (Diptera, Molluska) in Tavush province of Armenia." South of Russia: ecology, development 18, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-15-20.

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Aim. The work’s aim is to study the species composition of invertebrates (Insecta, Molluska) of the Tavush province of Armenia and changes of their ranges due to climatic conditions.Material and Methods. Our own collections of 2021–2022 from different areas of the Tavush province and the collections of invertebrates of the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology served as study material. The collection and identification of dipterous insects and mollusks was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The work was performed at the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology The scientific material is stored in the collection fund of the Scientific Centre.Results. As a result of our studies of invertebrate species composition, 28 species of horseflies (Tabanidae) are currently listed for the Tavush region: 27 species of phytophagous gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) and 10 species of mollusks. As a result of warming climate change new changes of locality have been registered for: 6 horsefly species S. (N.) caucasicus, Ch. (H.) f. flavipes, Ch. ludens, T. unifasciatus, T. indrae vappa, T. miki; 4 phytophagous gall midge species A. verbasci, D. tortrix, S. euphorbiae, R. terminalis; For one species of mollusk, H. buchi, there are new localities. All these species have expanded their habitat: in horseflies, changes in the range along vertical zonality are observed.Conclusions. As a result of this research, it was revealed that as a consequences of climate change, the ranges of some species of invertebrates – horseflies, gall midges‐phytophages and mollusks – have expanded compared to the data of previous years. All species in which there is a direct dependence of range change on climatic conditions can be further considered as bioindicators of climate change.

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15

Sazima, Ivan, and Cristina Sazima. "Brazilian cleaner birds: update and brief reappraisal." Biota Neotropica 10, no. 1 (March 2010): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032010000100028.

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Some bird species feed on external parasites, such as ticks and flies, on the body of mammals (hosts or clients). So called cleaner birds that occur in Brazil were reviewed recently, but gathering of significant new data indicates the need for an update and a brief reappraisal of such association. New records raise the number of known clients for some cleaning birds. The Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus) picks ticks on cattle, and the Black Caracara (Daptrius ater) picks ticks on capybaras. The Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana) picks ticks, horseflies, arthropods and organic debris on capybaras, and tick-picking on capybaras by the Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) is substantiated by photographs. The Cattle Tyrant (Machetornis rixosa) deftly catches horseflies on capybaras, and these latter clients are recorded posing for the Giant Cowbird (Molothrus oryzivorus), which also pick parasites from the marsh deer. The Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) definitely picks ticks directly on cattle. With the new records, some poorly documented or controversial issues in the literature are here confirmed, a hypothesis is validated, and a suggestion is invalidated.

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16

Sivkova. "HARMFUL IMPACT OF HORSEFLIES (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) ON THE ORGANISM OF ANIMALS AND HUMAN (REVIEW)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.575-579.

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The study of bloodsucking dipterans, including gadflies, was conducted mainly in the 60-70s of the last century, when the rapid development of oil and gas production began and was associated with the development of means and methods for the pro-tection of humans and animals. Since then, more than 40 years have passed. Dur-ing this time, there was a noticeable warming of the climate, and due to technical progress, the anthropogenic impact on nature increased. Currently, the interest of scientists and researchers to Diptera has significantly increased. Blood-sucking two-winged insects (midges) include mosquitoes (blood line Culicidae), gadflies (blood line Tabanidae), midges (blood line Simuliidae) and biting midges (blood line Cera-topogonidae). The main factors determining the high abundance of midges are favor-able climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with the abundance of biotopes of hatching (various water bodies and marsh formations) and the habitat of the imago (presence of tree, shrub or high grassy vegetation), as well as the presence of a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals – the source of blood saturation. The damage caused by horseflies to humans and animals is very great. The aim of our work was to summarize the information in the literature about the damage caused by horseflies to farm animals and their role in the transmission of pathogens of humans and animals.

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17

Sivkova, Elena, and Vladimir Domatskiy. "Innovative Approaches for Ecological Monitoring Disease Outbreaks Carried by Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae): A Systematic Review." Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v10i2.70629.

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Background: The spread and adaptation of horseflies to new habitats, driven by global climate change, threatens not only animal health but also human well-being. Objective: This article addresses the significant health risks posed by horseflies, which are known carriers of multiple pathogens causing up to 25 different infectious, parasitic, and viral diseases, including anthrax, tularemia, leptospirosis, and anaplasmosis. Methodology: The study provided an overview based on an extensive literature review from 1929 to 2022, analyzing both Russian and English publications. Results: The 2011 tularemia outbreak in Norway, linked to lemming population surges, and the higher susceptibility among men in Slovakia's annual tularemia cases highlight the role of animal reservoirs and gender in disease transmission. Leptospirosis, prevalent globally except in cold regions, is influenced by climate events, with significant public health impacts observed in various regions, including Russia and the Philippines following natural disasters. Anaplasmosis, transmitted by insects and ticks and more prevalent in warmer months, remains under-researched, with its rising threat exemplified by the growing ixodes tick population in Belarus. Conclusion: In conclusion, understanding the epidemiology and sources of these diseases, along with recognizing the environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence their transmission, is vital. The study underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance, research, and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of these infectious diseases on public health. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2023;10(2):77-84

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18

Reshetnikov, A. D., and A. I. Barashkova. "A method for protecting herd horses from blood-sucking insects that ensures organic food production." Russian Journal of Parasitology 17, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2023-17-4-535-542.

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The purpose of the research is to develop a method for protecting herd horses from dangerous blood-sucking dipterans that ensures organic meat production without pesticides.Materials and methods. Dangerous dipterans were collected and counted using an entomological net. The Diptera species identification was determined using the morphological keys. A new technology for protecting herd horses from harmful insects without pesticides used was implemented at Horobut LLC in the Megino-Kangalassky District, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2021–2023. Pursuant to the Assignment and Regulations, a patent search was performed in the Russian scientific and technical literature on the subject “Develop methods for creating technologies to control and prevent animal diseases that ensure organic food production from conventional agricultural sectors in the Far North”.Results and discussion. The number of mosquitoes and horseflies that attack herd horses in Central Yakutia was established. In the morning and evening peaks, the number of mosquitoes for a 5-minute count was 397–456 mosquitoes belonging to 15 species of three genera: Aedes (Ochlerotatus), Culiseta and Anopheles. During a 15-minute count, the bait horse was attacked by 83 to 107 specimens of horseflies of 21 species and one subspecies of two genera, Hybomitra and Chrysops. For the first time in Central Yakutia, a method of protecting herd horses from attacks by blood-sucking insects was used with positive results without spraying animals with insecticides.

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19

Agasoi, V. V., V. V. Prokofiev, and S. G. Medvedev. "Seasonal Dynamics of Activity of Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) in Pskov Province." Entomological Review 100, no. 9 (December 2020): 1205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873820090018.

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20

Fu, Yi-Tian, Yu Zhang, Ying Xun, Guo-Hua Liu, Suleman, and Yu Zhao. "Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of six horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 95 (November 2021): 105054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105054.

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21

Manrique-Saide, P., H. Delfín-González, S. Ibáñez-Bernal, H. Delfin-Gonzalez, and S. Ibanez-Bernal. "Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Protected Areas of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico." Florida Entomologist 84, no. 3 (September 2001): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3496492.

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22

KOZANEK, Milan, and Hirosi TAKAHASI. "Contribution to the knowledge of horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) from North Korea." Medical Entomology and Zoology 44, no. 3 (1993): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.44.287.

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23

Baldacchino, F., A. Porciani, C. Bernard, and P. Jay-Robert. "Spatial and temporal distribution of Tabanidae in the Pyrenees Mountains: the influence of altitude and landscape structure." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 1 (April 25, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000254.

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AbstractIn high-altitude summer pastures, horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) can be a serious nuisance to livestock, as well as mechanical vectors of animal diseases such as besnoitiosis, an enzootic disease in the Pyrenees. However, the activity of horseflies in mountainous environments is poorly documented. To study the seasonality and distribution of tabanids in the Pyrenees Mountains, a sampling design was set up in two valleys on opposite sides of the mountain, one north-facing and one south-facing, along high-elevation gradients and at different distances from a water body between May and October 2011. The influence of the landscape on species richness and abundance was assessed by taking into account forested and unforested areas in 200 m radii around the trapping sites. Our findings indicated that: (1) The slope, the altitude and the size of unforested patches significantly influenced community composition of tabanids. (2) Altitude had a positive or a negative effect, depending on the species. (3) Species richness and abundance were negatively correlated with large open habitats and positively correlated with patch-shape complexity. (4) Seasonal succession of the most abundant species was observed in both valleys, with a maximum of catches at the beginning of August; however, tabanid activity ended earlier in the southern valley, which was more exposed to sunlight. (5) Philipomyia aprica, Tabanus bromius, Tabanus glaucopis and Hybomitra auripila were active from 9:00 to 19:00 h (GMT+1), with a peak of activity at midday. This paper also discusses the implications of these findings in relation to changes in horsefly distribution and their control in mountainous environments.

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Fiodorova, O. A., E. I. Sivkova, and M. I. Serkova. "The impact of cow keeping technologies on milk production of cows and their protection against midges in summer." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_1258.

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Data are presented on the average daily milk yield of cows during the mass abundance of horseflies, mosquitoes and midges depending on the technology of keeping animals in the Tyumen region. Keeping the cows during this period without grazing on the walking grounds at the farm is one of the methods of preserving their milk productivity. During the period of mass flight of gnats, the milk productivity of cattle grazing in forest pastures is significantly reduced. Loss of milk during this period is 13.68%, while the longer the harmful effects of the vulture, the more significant these losses.

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25

Haris, Attila, Zsolt Józan, Ladislav Roller, Peter Šima, and Sándor Tóth. "Changes in Population Densities and Species Richness of Pollinators in the Carpathian Basin during the Last 50 Years (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera)." Diversity 16, no. 6 (June 3, 2024): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16060328.

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Temporal changes in population densities and species richness of three main pollinator groups—moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera); bees, wasps and sawflies (Hymenoptera); and hoverflies, horseflies, tachinids and bee flies (Diptera)—were investigated in the Carpathian Basin. Maintaining pollinator diversity is a crucial factor for preserving our biodiversity and ecosystems; furthermore, several pollinator species have a strong economic role in maintaining crop and fruit cultures. Our conclusions are based on our three and four decades of faunistic surveys in various regions of the Carpathian Basin. Analyzing and comparing our data with the historical data of the last 50 years, we concluded that densities of some pollinators declined during the past decade and a half (Symphyta, hoverflies), although populations of several species of Mediterranean origin grew (Aculeata) and new species even migrated from the warmer regions. In numerous cases, this decrease was dramatic: more than 90% decline of certain butterfly species were detected. On the other hand, the composition of pollinator fauna significantly changed due to the disappearance of some mountainous or mesophile species. The main reason for the decrease in pollinator communities is due partly to climatic change and partly to anthropogenic factors. Different groups of pollinators react differently: some groups like Syrphidae, Tachinidae, most of the butterfly families and bumblebees suffered a strong decline in the last two decades; other warm-loving groups like most of Aculeata and horseflies and bee flies showed a significant increase in population densities. Our conclusion: in our region, the pollinator crisis is present but moderate; however, there is a clear sign of the gradual transition of our pollinator fauna towards the Mediterranean type.

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Domatskiy, Vladimir N., and Larisa A. Glazunova. "NATURAL FOCI OF TULAREMIA ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (A REVIEW)." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 68, no. 4 (2023): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2023-68-4-88-96.

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Natural foci of tularemia are found in all federal districts of the Russian Federation. In the north, the infection was detected beyond the Polar Circle up to 71° N. Twelve cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica were isolated from environmental media. On the territory of Russia, seven main landscape types of natural foci of tularemia are established: floodplain-swamp, meadow-field, steppe, forest, foothillstream, tundra and tugai (floodplain-desert). They have regional ecological and epidemiological features and different species composition of the hosts of the infectious agent. Out of the 101 species of mammals studied for tularemia, 56 species were highly susceptible and highly sensitive to the pathogen (group I) – 55.5 ± 5.0 % of the total number of animals studied. Ixodid, argas and gamasid ticks, mosquitoes, horseflies, midges are the transmission vectors of the causative agent of tularemia. Among insects, horseflies and mosquitoes are of particular epidemiological importance. Among mites, ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor and gamasid ticks of the genus Hirstionyssus are the most dangerous transmission vectors of tularemia pathogens. The disease is mostly sporadic, though there are clusters of infection and epidemiological outbreaks (the largest were recorded in 2005 and 2013). Most often, the infection has occurred in the Northwestern Federal District. The disease can be transmitted in alimentary and transmissible ways, by contact and aspiration. It has been established that under natural conditions the causative agent of tularemia can persist for a long time (up to 60 years), forming stationary epizootic and epidemiological foci of infection. There is a distinct downward trend in the incidence of tularemia among people and stabilization of the epidemiological situation in Russia.

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27

Agasoi, V. V., V. V. Prokofiev, and S. G. Medvedev. "Biological Features of Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) and Landscape Zoning of Pskov Province." Entomological Review 101, no. 2 (April 2021): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s001387382102007x.

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Jaffe, Howard, Ashok K. Raina, Blair A. Fraser, Pamela Keim, K. Ranga Rao, Zhang Yao-Shi, J. L. Lancaster, and Dora K. Hayes. "Isolation of two neuropeptides in the AKH/RPCH-family from horseflies (diptera)." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 151, no. 2 (March 1988): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80331-0.

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29

Bučanović, T., J. Kovačević, and S. Krčmar. "Efficiency of six different octenol‐baited traps for collecting horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 34, no. 4 (May 11, 2020): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12447.

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Agasoi, V. V. "A Modified Technique to Study the Genital Apparatus Structure of Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae)." Entomological Review 101, no. 3 (June 2021): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873821030039.

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BALLARD, J. W. O., and J. K. WAAGE. "Feeding strategies of the horseflies Hybomitra expollicata and Tabanus bromius in southern France." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2, no. 3 (July 1988): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.1988.tb00194.x.

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32

Whitcomb, Robert F., Frank E. French, Joseph G. Tully, David L. Rose, Patricia M. Carle, Joseph M. Bove, Edward A. Clark, et al. "Spiroplasma montanense sp. nov., from Hybomitra Horseflies at Northern Latitudes in North America." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 47, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-3-720.

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33

Khlyzova, T. A. "Number and taxonomic structure of blood-sucking insects community in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_787.

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The abundance level of blood-sucking Diptera is, to a large extent, determined by natural and climatic conditions and hydrological regime of rivers, and is subject to significant fluctuations. In order to assess the impact of meteorological conditions of the season on the abundance of blood-sucking Diptera, the abundance ratio of horseflies, mosquitoes, blackflies and midges in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region for 2006, 2013-2017 was compared. The study was performed in the surroundings of Isetskoye Village and Barkhatovo Village in Isetsky District of Tyumen Region. This area belongs to the province of Tobol forest-steppe. The study area is located on the left bank of Iset river. The forest-steppe zone is located in the south of the region. The region has very cold winters, the average temperature in January is -18-20ºС. The summer season lasts about 125 days, the average temperature in July is +19-20ºC. Spring and autumn seasons are short. The region is characterized by late frosts in spring until the end of the first decade of June and early autumn, and sometimes in late August. Analysis of data obtained showed that of the six seasons studied the largest gnus abundance was registered in 2014, the minimum abundance was in 2006. The abundance level and the individual components ratio of «GNUS» complex were subject to significant changes depending on the season, in 2006 and 2014, the blackflies were mostly collected, and in 2013, 2015-2017 – mosquitoes. Meteorological and hydrological conditions of winter and spring seasons have the greatest impact on the level of insect populations of «gnuts» complex. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of blackflies was 3 times, midges ‒ 9, horseflies and mosquitoes ‒ 10. The main limiting factors for the mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters that cause insect death at the pre-imaginal stages of development, as well as huge temperature swings in spring and summer and small areas of breeding grounds.

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Agasoi, V. V. "On the Specific Features of Pupal Development of Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) in Northwestern Russia." Entomological Review 101, no. 9 (December 2021): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873821090037.

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35

Ivanovna Sivkova, Elena, and Vladimir Nicolaevich Domatskiy. "INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE FAUNA OF THE BLOOD-SUCKING HORSEFLIES (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE)." International journal of ecosystems and ecology science (IJEES) 12, no. 4 (September 29, 2022): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31407/ijees12.430.

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36

CYWINSKA, A., M. A. HANNAN, P. G. KEVAN, R. E. ROUGHLEY, M. IRANPOUR, and F. F. HUNTER. "Evaluation of DNA barcoding and identification of new haplomorphs in Canadian deerflies and horseflies." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 24, no. 4 (July 21, 2010): 382–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00896.x.

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Horváth, Gábor, Ádám Pereszlényi, Ádám Egri, Tímea Tóth, and Imre Miklós Jánosi. "Why do biting horseflies prefer warmer hosts? tabanids can escape easier from warmer targets." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): e0233038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233038.

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BALDACCHINO, F., S. MANON, L. PUECH, B. BUATOIS, L. DORMONT, and P. JAY-ROBERT. "Olfactory and behavioural responses of tabanid horseflies to octenol, phenols and aged horse urine." Medical and Veterinary Entomology 28, no. 2 (November 5, 2013): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mve.12038.

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39

Khlyzova, Tatyana A. "Species diversity of blood-sucking Diptera in the Kurgan region." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339007012.

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The analysis of the literature data showed that 57 species of hematophagous Diptera insects are known for the territory of the Kurgan region. As a result of systematic long-term studies (2004-2021), 6 species were registered that were not previously reported by other researchers (Aedes pionips (Dyar, 1919), A. annulipes (Meigen, 1830), A. albescens (Edwards, 1921), Culiseta bergrothi (Edwards, 1921), Hybomitra lundbecki Lyneborg, 1959 and Culicoides punctatus (Meigen, 1804)). Currently, the faunistic list of blood-sucking Diptera includes 63 species. The species composition of horseflies and blood-sucking mosquitoes has been most fully studied, 20 and 41 species, respectively. There is no information about blackflyes in the region in the available literature sources, and information about blood-sucking midges is fragmentary and relates mainly to the ecology of larvae.

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Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Biology, ecology and biogeography of Athericidae family (Hymenoptera: Athericidae)." International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 041–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfstr.2022.2.2.0022.

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Athericidae is a small family of flies with aquatic larvae, only 123 species are known, with two species registered in Brazil, Suragina pacaraima Rafael & Henriques, 1991 and Xeritha plaumanni Stuckenber, 1966. They are flies very close to horseflies, including some hematophagous adults, such as Suragina. They are called in English "water snipe flies" or "ibis flies". The study aims to carry out the Biology, Ecology and Biogeography of Athericidae Family. In this study, quantitative and conceptual aspects were used. A selection of articles published from 1912 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented at national and international scientific events, Doctoral Thesis and Master's Dissertation were considered. Data were also obtained from platforms such as: Academia.edu, Frontiers, Qeios, Pubmed, Biological Abstract, Publons, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science and ERIC.

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41

Kerven, Carol, Sarah Robinson, Roy Behnke, Kanysh Kushenov, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. "Horseflies, wolves and wells: biophysical and socio-economic factors influencing livestock distribution in Kazakhstan’s rangelands." Land Use Policy 52 (March 2016): 392–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.12.030.

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42

Altunsoy, Ferhat, and Bahriye Ayaz. "Distribution and seasonality of horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Van province of Türkiye with new records." Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2024): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/jibs.10.3.605.

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43

Prisniy, Yu A. "Species composition and landscape-zonal distribution of horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) in the territory of Belgorod Province." Entomological Review 96, no. 5 (August 2016): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873816050079.

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44

Snyman, Louwrens P., Luis Neves, Laetitia Lempereur, and Albé C. Bosman. "Overview of the horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of South Africa: assessment of major collections for spatiotemporal analysis." Austral Entomology 59, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aen.12466.

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45

Zhang, Junfeng. "New horseflies and water snipe-flies (Diptera: Tabanidae and Athericidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China." Cretaceous Research 36 (August 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2012.01.004.

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46

Horváth, Gábor, József Majer, Loránd Horváth, Ildikó Szivák, and György Kriska. "Ventral polarization vision in tabanids: horseflies and deerflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are attracted to horizontally polarized light." Naturwissenschaften 95, no. 11 (August 7, 2008): 1093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0425-5.

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47

Horváth, Gábor, Ádám Pereszlényi, Tímea Tóth, Szabolcs Polgár, and Imre M. Jánosi. "Attractiveness of thermally different, uniformly black targets to horseflies: Tabanus tergestinus prefers sunlit warm shiny dark targets." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (October 2019): 191119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191119.

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From a large distance tabanid flies may find their host animal by means of its shape, size, motion, odour, radiance and degree of polarization of host-reflected light. After alighting on the host, tabanids may use their mechano-, thermo-, hygro- and chemoreceptors to sense the substrate characteristics. Female tabanids prefer to attack sunlit against shady dark host animals, or dark against bright hosts for a blood meal, the exact reasons for which are unknown. Since sunlit darker surfaces are warmer than shady ones or sunlit/shady brighter surfaces, the differences in surface temperatures of dark and bright as well as sunlit and shady hosts may partly explain their different attractiveness to tabanids. We tested this observed warmth preference in field experiments, where we compared the attractiveness to tabanids ( Tabanus tergestinus ) of a warm and a cold shiny black barrel imitating dark hosts with the same optical characteristics. Using imaging polarimetry, thermography and Schlieren imaging, we measured the optical and thermal characteristics of both barrels and their small-scale models. We recorded the number of landings on these targets and measured the time periods spent on them. Our study revealed that T. tergestinus tabanid flies prefer sunlit warm shiny black targets against sunlit or shady cold ones with the same optical characteristics. These results support our new hypothesis that a blood-seeking female tabanid prefers elevated temperatures, partly because her wing muscles are more rapid and her nervous system functions better (due to faster conduction velocities and synaptic transmission of signals) in a warmer microclimate, and thus, she can avoid the parasite-repelling reactions of host animals by a prompt take-off.

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48

Pestov, S. V., and E. V. Panjukova. "Landscape and zonal distribution of bloodsucking mosquitoes and horseflies (Diptera: Culicidae, Tabanidae) in the northeastern Russian Plain." Entomological Review 93, no. 9 (December 2013): 1129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873813090054.

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49

An, S., D. Ma, J. F. Wei, X. Yang, H. W. Yang, H. Yang, X. Xu, S. He, and R. Lai. "A novel allergen Tab y 1 with inhibitory activity of platelet aggregation from salivary glands of horseflies." Allergy 66, no. 11 (August 18, 2011): 1420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02683.x.

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Prisniy, Yu A. "Fauna of Horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) of the South of the Middle Russian Forest-Steppe and Adjoining Steppe Territories." Entomological Review 100, no. 1 (January 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873820010078.

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