To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Horses – Breeding.
Journal articles on the topic 'Horses – Breeding'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Horses – Breeding.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Baban, M., M. Sakac, N. Korabi, B. Antunovic, P. Mijic, A. Ivankovic, and J. Ramljak. "Analysis of horse breeding and equestrian sports in the Republic of Croatia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103415b.
Full textAbstract:
Horse breeding in the Republic of Croatia, before its entrance into European Union, is in the transitional period. In the breeding sense, Croatian horse breeding is set according to the model of European countries and is trying to counteract with ?modern horse breeding countries?. Croatian Center for Horse Breeding - Djakovo and Lipik State Stud Farms (CCHB), with the Central register of equidae is, as the head national institution, responsible for running and maintaining national central equidae database (49 registers of horses and 27 registers of breeding types). Croatia has registered total of 21.796 equidae, from which 19.306 animals are horses. Registered horses according to groups make the total proportion of 37% warmblood horses, 59% coldblood horses and 4% ponies. Horse breeders are organized in breeders associations, which form federations of associations referring to separate horse breeds. Currently in Croatia there are four federations of breeders associations (with 43 associations and 11 private stud farms). Those verified breeding organizations are conducting independently breeding programs and fully maintain breeding and selection obligations for horse breeds for which they have approval of the Croatian Ministry. Native breeds in Croatia are Croatian Coldblood, Croatian Posavac and Medjimurje horse (Murinsulaner), while Lipizzan horse is considered as protected breed. Development of horse breeding is considerably supported with national subsidies. Internationally verified breeds which are bred in Croatia are Lipizzan horse, Pure Arabian horses, Thoroughbred, Haflinger and Gidran horses. The horse breeding in Croatia is developing in four different directions. Ecological breeding implies native horse breeds and is spread on the areas of protected nature resorts in Croatia. Croatians are through their history connected to horse breeding, which is even today irreplaceable in traditional cultural manifestations (Djakovacki vezovi, Vinkovacke jeseni, Sinjska alka, etc.), various horse shows and fairs and also in more ?modern? ways through recreation and entertainment. The third direction of development of horse breeding in Croatia is therapeutic riding, which includes 26 associations, over one hundred horses and over one thousand users organized under the Therapeutic Riding Association of Croatia. Sports horse breeding represents fourth direction in Croatian horse breeding. It is formed by four federations: Croatian Trotting Federation (trotting), Croatian Gallop Federation (gallop sport) and Croatian Equestrian Federation (endurance, dressage, military, show jumping, driving). Croatian Equestrian Federation includes 49 equestrian clubs. In the last four years between 455 and 582 competitors and between 495 and 581 horses (for show jumping 45%, dressage 31%, endurance 19%, driving 5% and military) were licensed annually. Croatia achieved noticeable results on the international scene in driving sports and in Paralympics. In all mentioned directions of Croatian horse breeding, the tendency should be directed to achieving higher breeding standards (nutrition, stabling, transport, training) and more rational using of horses. Such breeding and using of horses will lead to top bred horses and successful sport horses. This implies synchronized work through long period of time, respecting institutional and breeding rules.
2
Gregić, Maja, Dragan Dokić, Tina Bobić, and Vesna Gantner. "Genomic Selection in Horse Breeding." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 20, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1902107g.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper was to present the general aspects of genomic selection in horse breeding and also to provide an overview of existing applications in horses breeding, with particular emphasis on the challenges of implementation and long-term use. Based on conducted review, it could be concluded that breeding organizations must convince horse breeders that genomic selection can be a valuable tool to increase selection success either in sports or in other horse breeding. Genomic selection (GS) allows breeders to evaluate the important traits of offspring even before its birth. GS uses genetic markers to test all relevant traits, including those that are currently very difficult to measure, such as disease resistance, meat quality, horse’s crest height, etc. Finally, to establish the relevant genomic selection in individual breeds or breeding types of horses, it is necessary to create a network of collaboration between breeding associations in order to gather all necessary data.
3
Kabulov, E., and S. Rajapova. "Horse-breeding of the Oasis of Surkhan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/48/50.
Full textAbstract:
Since ancient times in Uzbekistan, special attention has been paid to horse breeding. We can see this in dastans and traditions, where poets and bakhshis sang about mythical horses. And most importantly, the horse was very much appreciated as a companion of a horse. As in other regions of the republic, special attention was paid to the development of horse breeding in the Surkhan oasis. Several breeds of horses were bred in the oasis, they were called ‘adobe’, ‘jiyran’, ‘turik’, ‘buz’ and others by color. Uzbeks mainly bred ‘Karabair’, ‘Lakay’, ‘Turkman’, and sometimes Arab ones. For breeding local breeds of horses ‘Karabair’ were used breeds of Turkmen, Arab and Mongolian horses. By breeding horses such breeds of ‘Karabair’ horses as ‘Uzbek’, ‘Miyenkul’, ‘Urgut’ and others were bred. Also, horses were named for their age. A newborn horse was called a ‘kulun’, up to one year a foal, from a year and a half to two years a strigunok, a two-three year old foal, a third year a gunan, a three-four year old dunan, a male after four years a stallion, a female mare. In the Surkhan oasis, Turkmen horses were widely used as a vehicle, they participated in horse racing, racing and kupkari (equestrian competition in which the participants of the competition rip out goat carcass from each other). Responsible for the conservation and reproduction of horse breeds were men. They promptly gave horses food, took them for a walk. The horses that took part in the races, kupkari were raised according to special methods and customs. Such horses were fed from spring to late autumn, with the arrival of autumn they were walked and prepared for competitions. Horses were considered not only a vehicle; they were the most expensive and valuable commodity. At that time, the best horses were estimated from 400 to 600 rubles, and Turkmen horses to 1000 rubles. In a word, horses were not only expensive goods; they were considered the best friend and helper of a horseman.
4
Cabral, Grasiele Coelho, Ana Carla Chaves Dias, Afonso Aurélio de Carvalho Peres, Maria Izabel Vieira de Almeida, Wagner de Souza Tassinari, and Fernando Queiroz de Almeida. "Horse Agribusiness in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Mangalarga Marchador horse’s breeding systems." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): e4309119931. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9931.
Full textAbstract:
This work aims to describe the Mangalarga Marchador horse’s breeding systems in the Rio de Janeiro. The geographic distribution of the farms in the mesoregions of Rio de Janeiro State were defined, and the commercial and social importance the Mangalarga Marchador horse’s business is described in this study. Mangalarga Marchador horse breeders were interviewed through a survey. Sampling of the farms was stratified by the mesoregions. The state of Rio de Janeiro has 1,573 members Horse Breeder Association, with 92,162 registered horses, corresponding to 15.43% of the total of Mangalarga Marchador horses in Brazil. Approximately 95.2% of farms have their own area and more than half ranging between 100 to 500ha. Horse breeding is the main activity on 79.2% of the farms, and the main goal is the sale of horses (39%), followed by sports (32.7%) and leisure (18.6%). The properties have, on average, five registered employees. Most of the owners (90%) are male. The average number of horses at these farms is 100 heads, with an average number of 53 mares, maintained mainly on an extensive production system. About 39.9% of pastures are formed by the Brachiaria spp. grass, and Napier grass, also known as Elephant grass, the most used forage supplement. The average monthly consumption of forage and commercial concentrate feed is 12,866kg and 2,800kg respectively per farm. About 90% of breeders declared that the unskilled labor force is the biggest obstacle to the increase of the horse breeding in the Rio de Janeiro.
5
Suprun, I. "The Prospects of genetic resources of horse using in Ukraine." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 2(158) (November 24, 2020): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2020-158-2-66-75.
Full textAbstract:
The high-priority task in international and national agricultural programsis to preserve the genetic resources of livestock and develop some ways to use them effectively, because there is a tendency in the world where we can see the reduction of the breed composition of domesticated animal species. Today, horse farms are unprofitable, do not have the funds for expanded reproduction, and accordingly the population of valuable breeds of horses is reduced, the general gene pool is impoverished. The aim of the study was to analyze and highlight the current state of horse breeding in Ukraine, the characteristics of domestic breeds of breeding horses, which are the basis for breeding work, and forecasting their importance in the breed process. To analyze the state of development of horse breeding in Ukraine, the State Register of subjects of breeding in animal husbandry for 2005-2018 and the data of long-term research in the field of horse breeding in Ukraine were used. There were used the methods of system generalization, graphic, analytical and comparative-statistical. The analysis of the state development of horse breeding in Ukraine has been carried out. It was also proved that in the conditions of a long crisis for the last 14 years pedigree horse breeding in Ukraine has undergone a significant decrease in the number of livestock, narrowing of the breed structure and change of ownership. At the beginning of 2019 in Ukraine, according to the State Register of Breeding Entities in Animal Husbandry, there are 38 breeding entities: 18 stud farms, 20 breeding breeders. The largest number of breeding horses is concentrated in the eastern regions of Ukraine: Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, Zaporizhia. It is established that the leaders in the number of factory breeds of horses are the Ukrainian horse, Orel trotter and purebred horse. During the period from 2005 to 2019, the horse breeding industry in Ukraine suffered significant losses, and the number of breeding horses decreased more than twice. However, over the last year in Poltava, Kyiv, Khmelnytsky regions there have been tendencies to increase the number of breeding horses. Some breeds of horses can be used both in the breeding process and for custom of crossbreeding for sports. Key words: breed, horse farm, breeding breeder, livestock, stallion, mare, foal yield.
6
Baban, M., M. Cacic, N. Korabi, T. Rastija, and P. Mijic. "Horse breeding in the Republic of Croatia and possibilities of its development." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-1 (2007): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0701123b.
Full textAbstract:
The trend of capital investments is increasing in horse breeding, as one of the major livestock branches in the Republic of Croatia. A long tradition of horse breeding and natural resources eligible for horse breeding contributed to the creation of great potential for Croatia. Besides, state financial subventions are also helping horse breeding development. All forms of horse breeding are showing an increasing trend of development, which influences an increase in numerical trend of horses as well as their quality. Interest in horse breeding, sports or just in keeping horses as hobby animals is increasing each year. Main investors and movers are owners, breeders, sportsmen and horse lovers themselves. Help through state financial subvention is significant, but still very far from necessary funds. The regulative for financial subvention and other official acts are regulated for horse breeding through subvention groups. This is an efficient measurement to help breeders, but in the future changes will be necessary, mainly through different developing projects. Besides the only state stud farm of Lipizzan horses in Djakovo, many other breeding organizations exist in Croatia. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management authorized those organizations to maintain their own breeding program. Congruently many Stud Books were published and many are still in the process of publishing. One of the most significant projects realized last year was the international approval of Croatian breeding of Thoroughbred horses. The short period till entering European Union demands horse breeding reformation, therefore Croatian horse breeding passed a major reorganization process and gave a greater accent to independent breeding organizations. The regulation for publishing the identification document or "passport" (NN 74/20007) is also published. The main scientific-research-educational institution is still missing in order to create the horse breeding strategy. With its work this institution would benefit to more quality horse breeding in all of its segments.
7
Politova, M. A. "State and prospects of external economic activity in Russian horse breeding in 2015–2023." Agrarian science, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-378-1-123-127.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the dynamics of export and import indicators of horse breeding products (in the category of goods “Live horses”) from 2015 to 2022, both in absolute and monetary terms, including taking into account the categories of breeding and use animals. For the first time, the foreign trade balance of the horse breeding industry in 2019–2022 has been analyzed, and the prospects for domestic and foreign markets for the products of Russian horse breeding farms have been assessed. It has been established that the export flows of the eastern regions of the country, and primarily the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Republic of Tyva, the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic, are focused primarily on the Republic of Kazakhstan, which makes commercial farms for the production of horses for meat production in the Siberian Federal District dependent on the political situation in Central Asia and the general state of veterinary well-being of the region. The ban on the export of horses classified as luxury goods from the European Union, introduced as part of a package of anti-Russian sanctions, affected the import of breeding and use animals, significantly limiting the opportunities for domestic consumers focused on trained horses. The state program for the development of horse breeding in the Republic of Uzbekistan may influence the increase in demand for products from enterprises involved in breeding riding horses.
8
Starodub, L. F., Y. P. Stefurak, I. V. Stefurak, I. M. Zelenchuk, Y. I. Zelenchuk, and R. V. Wojcicki. "Hutsul horse breed is an aboriginal breed of the Ukrainian Carpathians." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 92 (May 8, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9220.
Full textAbstract:
Hutsul horses are the oldest Ukrainian breed and belong to the local and endangered breeds of farm animals in Ukraine. The formation and preservation of the Hutsul horse breed took place in Ukrainian lands. Proof of this are built: the state factory stable in the village. Drohobych in the Lviv region in 1822, a horse-breeding station for Hutsul horses in the Luchina meadow in Southern Bukovina (1877), in the Galician Hutsul region two stables of Hutsul cucumbers: in Kosovo (1891) and in the village of Zhabye (1895). State Herd of Cucumbers in Sudova Vyshna (1907) in Lviv Region. Of the 6 genealogical lines of prominent Hutsul stallions, 3 ogres were born in the Ukrainian lands – Goral, Gurul and Polyan. Measures for the conservation and development of Hutsul horses are held in the Hutsul and Verkhovyna National Nature Parks in international cooperation within the framework of the Poland-Belarus-Ukraine cross-border cooperation program. Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park in 2015 took part in the project “Creation of the Polish-Ukrainian Center for Breeding and Promotion of Hutsul Breed Horses”, and Verkhovynsky National Nature Park in 2020 takes part in the international Ukrainian-Polish project “Knowledge of Nature and Wealth Carpathians with a Hutsul horse”. According to the State Breeding Register 2011–2017, in Ukraine there is an annual reduction in the number of breeding farms, the total and breeding stock of Hutsul horses. Today, only 2 farms (NGO “Plemkonecentr” and FG “Polonynske farm”) for breeding Hutsul horses have the status of breeders. According to calculations, in accordance with the FAO recommendations, these animals are at critical risk status, and according to the assessment system of the European Livestock Association, Hutsul horse breed is at high risk of losing the gene pool of the breed. To preserve the Hutsul horse breed, the joint cooperation of owners (breeding and private farms) of purebred and the most typical herd of Hutsul horses, scientists and specialists is necessary.
9
Crossman, G. K. "Factors influencing the demand for British bred horses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019396.
Full textAbstract:
The Sport Horse breeding industry in Great Britain has been in decline for many years. Once, the British were in the vanguard of the worldwide Sport Horse breeding industry, alongside a buoyant Thoroughbred breeding industry. However, in recent years Sport Horse breeding has floundered, with many competitive dressage and show jumping horses being purchased from overseas. (BHIC / Defra 2005) Research has been carried out to identify trends in Thoroughbred auction sales (Buzby and Jessup 1994, Robbins and Kennedy 2001), and Sport Horse auction sales (Hennessey and Quinn 2006). The British Equestrian Federation (BEF), through British Breeding, commissioned this research firstly to ascertain the demand for British bred horses and identify any trends contained within this demand, and secondly to obtain a snapshot of the current horse buying market place.
10
Surov, A. I., L. V. Kononova, O. V. Sycheva, A. Ya Kazarova, and L. M. Smirnova. "The state of horse breeding in the Stavropol Territory." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 3 (February 19, 2024): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2403-03.
Full textAbstract:
The information on the current state of the horse population in the Russian Federation, its distribution by farm category over the past three years has been provided in the article. Between 2020 and 2022, the number of horses in agricultural organizations in Russia decreased by 21 thousand. On the contrary, in privet households there was an increase in the number of horses by 16 thousand heads, and in peasant (farm) farms by 13 thousand heads. The material on pedigree horse breeding in the Stavropol Territory has been also provided in the work. The founders of horse breeding in the region are the Stavropol and Terek stud farms, which were organized in 1921. On their basis a new promising breed of horses was established as Terek breed, which today is on the verge of extinction. It is bred only by private owners and then in small quantities. Targeted work is needed to preserve the gene pool and restore the population of this horse breed. Information is presented on existing stud farms and multiplication farms, which are located in the Stavropol region. Under the conditions of four stud farms, two multiplication farms located in 5 districts of the region. There the following breeds of horses are bred such as Akhal-Teke, Thoroughbred riding, Arabian and Karachay. The total number of breeding horses in the Stavropol Territory at the beginning of 2023 was 862 heads, including 302 mares and 36 stud stallions. Training and systematic testing of horses take place at the Pyatigorsk Racetrack. Horse racing takes place every Sunday from May to October. In general, the dynamics of the horse population in Russia indicates that horse breeding continues to be an important sector of the economy and can be an attractive area for investors and businessmen.
11
Honnas, Clifford M., Jim Schumacher, Noah D. Cohen, Jeffrey P. Watkins, and Tex S. Taylor. "Septic tenosynovitis in horses: 25 cases (1983-1989)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 199, no. 11 (December 1, 1991): 1616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1991.199.11.1616.
Full textAbstract:
Summary The medical records of 25 horses with septic tenosynovitis treated over 7 years (1983 to 1989) were reviewed to determine clinical features of the disease and response to treatment. The median age of horses with septic tenosynovitis was 5 years (range, 1 month to 21 years). Fourteen fore limbs and 11 hind limbs were affected. Sepsis was located in the sheath of the digital flexor tendons of 22 horses. Sepsis was located in the sheath of the extensor carpi radialis tendon (1 horse), sheath of the long digital extensor tendon (1 horse), or sheath of the common digital extensor tendon (1 horse) in the remaining horses. Nine horses received only medical treatment, using a combination of broad-spectrum parenterally administered antimicrobial drugs (8 of 9 horses), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (8 of 9 horses), or irrigation of the wound (4 of 9 horses). Fourteen horses were treated surgically with either transection of the palmar/plantar annular ligament of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint (5 of 14 horses), lavage of the sheath after insertion of drains into the sheath (7 of 14 horses), or both (2 of 14 horses). All horses treated surgically were concurrently treated parenterally with broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Two horses with septic tenosynovitis were not treated and were euthanatized at the owners' request. Five horses were euthanatized before discharge from the hospital. Two horses (both treated medically) were lost to follow-up. Follow-up information was obtained for 18 horses, 6 to 55 months after discharge from the hospital. Of the 5 horses treated medically for which follow-up was available, 4 returned to their intended use (3 performance, 1 breeding), and 1 was being used for breeding rather than as intended for performance. Of the 13 horses treated surgically, for which long-term follow-up information was available, 6 returned to their intended use (3 performance, 3 breeding), 3 were unable to return to their intended use (performance), and 4 horses used for performance prior to injury were retired for breeding. Overall, 18 of the 23 horses (78%) for which long-term follow-up was available survived >6 months after discharge from the hospital. Ten of these horses (56%) returned to their intended use (6 performance and 4 breeding).
12
Tsvetkova, Victoria, and Tatiana Vladimirovna Novosaduyk. "Constitutional types of horses and resources for their homeopathic correction." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 14, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v14i2.797.
Full textAbstract:
Selective breeding is in vogue since centuries to improve horse’ breed. It aims at production of horses with special performance and bodily characteristics. It is a complex, costly and time-consuming occupation. But the characteristics of horses depends upon market demands. Many a times a horse, which possesses planned kineto, behavior, exterior characteristics, is not in demand anymore. For many years we performed horse “homeopathic correction†studies at ‘Griffon’ Stud Farm and Horse Club on the basis of A.A. Komissarenko’s theoretical developments. We have established that not only physical characteristics of studs are inherited, but also their psychic traits, which fit into a certain constitutional type of the stud. Among such different types it is possible to identify both harmonious and disharmonious type of animals. It has been established the homeopathic remedy regimen depends on the age of an animal. In our experience, efficient homeopathic correction should be performed once in three months during the entire life-time of a horse, to maintain their bodily and psychic characters.
It is advisable to differentiate the constitutional characteristics of growing horses before fence training, as it may make it easier for the horse to grow and mature. In this case young horses attain good standard, have good height and psychic and physical characteristics.
At the farm we performed homeopathic correction of pregnant animals once in the eight month of pregnancy that is at three months before colt delivery. Four colts were born, which were rated as top grade on the zootechnic scale of All-Russia’s Horse-breeding Research Institute (VNIIKВ). The evaluation is based on the animal activity at different times, during the first three years of the life.
In our observation, colts born after homeopathic correction in the pregnancy period present better exterior and behavioural characteristics than others in their ancestor line.
The outcome of our research is the conclusion that in horse breeding it makes sense to have early homeopathic correction. It improves animal’s performance, the rapport between horses and men and ensures horse’s career success.
Achievements in production of impeccable growing horses were highly appreciated by Trakehner Union in Russia, and the Griffon Stud Farm became a full-fledged member of the Union in 2015.
Utilization of homeopathy resources allows advance of zootechnic industry, as well as prompt response to market demand; the earlier such work begins, the more efficient and cost-effective it becomes.
13
Abalikhin, Kryuchkova, and Sokolov. "ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF ANTHELMINTHICS GASTROINTESTINAL STRONGYLATOSIS IN HORSES." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.21-26.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, horse breeding has been gradually reviving. Pedigree stud farms for breeding different horse breeds are developing, and the role of work horses in farms and the private sector has significantly increased. Nevertheless, helminthiases are a serious problem in the development of horse breeding. To determine the infection of horses with helminths, 53 animals were subjected to scatological research: 11 animals at the age from 1 to 2.5 years, 9 animals from 3 to 5 years, 20 animals from 6 to 10 years, and 13 animals from 11 years to 21 years. One day of inactivity of horses infected with gastrointestinal strongylates will cost the farm 72,000 Rubles. Considering that the animals must be on the farm for another 10 days after deworming until the animals are completely free of the invasion, the possible damage to the farm from inactivity of work horses increases to 720,000 Rubles. Economic efficiency per 1 Ruble of costs for deworming horses with an anthelmintic drug containing albendazole amounted to 6.01 Rubles, that containing eprinomectin – 3.9 Rubles, and that containing praziquantel + ivermectin – 5.8 Rubles.
14
Gurgul, Artur, Igor Jasielczuk, Ewelina Semik-Gurgul, Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko, Tomasz Szmatoła, Grażyna Polak, and Monika Bugno-Poniewierska. "Genetic Differentiation of the Two Types of Polish Cold-blooded Horses Included in the National Conservation Program." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030542.
Full textAbstract:
The current role of the horse as a companion animal resulted in a decrease of interest in breeding and usage of draft horses. This meant that the population of cold-blooded horses in Poland has been dramatically reduced during the last decades. To avoid impoverishment of the gene pool of the local horse population, a conservation program was established which involves draft horses and other local horse breeds. The draft horses bred in Poland can be subdivided in a few horse types of which the most widespread and consolidated are Sztumski and Sokólski horses. These two subpopulations are phenotypically diversified, however, the overall level of their genetic differentiation seems to be relatively low and not precisely determined, especially with the use of molecular markers. In reference to this, in this study we used Illumina genotyping arrays to describe in detail the genetic differentiation of these two cold-blooded horse populations. We describe the genetic distance between them, as well as within-population variation, admixture patterns, and level of relatedness within populations. We also made an attempt to detect genome regions divergently selected between those horses by the detection of diversifying selection signals. The results of this study provide initial evidence supporting breeding decisions that were made during conservation breeding program design and answer questions raised by the breeders of Sokólski and Sztumski horses concerning the level of their genetic variation and differentiation.
15
Jiskrová, Iva. "Genetic trend for jumping performance in Czech warm-blooded horses." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010097.
Full textAbstract:
Data on the jumping performance of horses in the period of 1991 - 2002 were analysed. The data included 252781 starts of 10671 horses in 10911 jumping competitions. The performance was characterised on the basis of the obtained bad points (penalties) of the competing horses. The BLUP Animal model was used to estimate the breeding value of the sport horses; the genetic trend in the jumping performance of the Czech warm-blooded horse was assessed on the basis of these results. Regression analysis and calculations of the mean breeding values based on the year of birth were used to determine the dependence of the estimated breeding value on the year of birth. The jumping performance of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horse shows a positive trend. The regression coefficient of –0.1337 shows the genetic trend in the population, which means an increasing jumping performance of the horses expressed in reduced earnings of bad points by 0.1337 in dependence on the year of birth.
16
Čačić, Mato, Nenad Zirdum, Katarina Svetić, and Vesna Orehovački. "Breeding systematization of indigenous breed Medjimurje horse." Stočarstvo 72, no. 1-2 (May 15, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/s.72.1-2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Medjimurje horse is critically endangered breed (Ne = 14.17) and is one of three Croatian indigenous horse breeds. The aim of this research is to systematize the Medjimurje horse breeding, defining stallion and mare lines, and analyzing the prevalence of other breeds in Medjimurje breeding horses. The result of systematization is defining 7 stallion lines and 37 mare lines which are the basis for breeding in the future. By analyzing the pedigree, we established higher rate of other breeds in Medjimurje breeding horses, and the fact that the breeding hasn’t been done pure blooded, which is necessary given that it is the indigenous breed since the year 1999, after founding the breeds registry. A large proportion of other horse breeds in the Medjimurje horse registry leads to the conclusion that it is not an indigenous horse breed, but the type of cold-blooded horse, so the status of current population "authenticity" is doubtful.
17
Rudak, A. N. "DETERMINATION OF HERITABILITY OF RIDING HORSES IN VARIOUS DISCIPLINES OF EQUESTRIAN SPORT." Animal Breeding and Genetics 58 (November 29, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.58.07.
Full textAbstract:
Raising the competitiveness of horses of reared breeds, as well as reaching the European level is impossible without accelerated improvement of their breeding traits based on the modern breeding methods. Joint performances in various disciplines of equestrian sports of horses of Belarusian breeds with the best horses of foreign countries showed that the domestic livestock is significantly inferior in terms of performance. In this regard, there is an urgent need for a thorough assessment and development of fundamentally new methods of horse breeding according to performance based on the use of achievements of population genetics in the horse riding industry of the republic.
The aim of the research was to determine the genetic parameters (repeatability and heritability) of performance traits and assessment of the exterior of riding horses in various equestrian disciplines.
The research was carried out at the leading farm for breeding horses of Trakehner, Hannover and other riding breeds – Institution “Republican Center for Olympic Training of Equestrian Sports and Horse Breeding” of the Minsk district in the Minsk region.
The summary protocols of the results of its factory tests were the materials for assessing the motor, jumping, and athletic traits of young riding horses.
The coefficient of heritability of traits was calculated by the method of constructing one-way dispersion complexes, with gradations of phenotypic traits of the progeny of the used producing stallions. Heritability coefficients were as follows: assessment of the exterior – 0.109, performance – 0.365***, measurements (height at the withers) – 0.175**. Thus, as a result of calculations, a relatively low heritability of the studied traits of riding horses was determined, especially according to the results of evaluating the exterior and measurements, which was due to the relatively small number of horses in groups, biological characteristics of the experimental material and the effect of external factors.
The coefficients of rank correlation of the evaluation indicators of riding horses are determined, participating in competitions in various disciplines of equestrian sports and having passed factory tests at the age of 2 years. It was determined that coefficient of rank correlation of performance was the highest in schooling competitions (rs = 0,484**). This indicates that a moderate direct positive relationship reliably exists between the test results of riding horses at young age and their performance in sports. The lowest correlation coefficient was in triathlon (rs = 0,164).
It was determined that a significant effect on athletic performance is made not only by many genetic factors that determine the required inclinations of an animal, but also by the quality of the horse's preparation during the training process, its character and temperament, etc. In this regard, the correlation between the results of factory tests of young animals in terms of performance and their future sports career was studied. It was determined that the horses that received the highest score at young age according to the results of their factory tests were also the most successful in sport, were prize-winners of international competitions in triathlon. Most of the horses that performed in sports were horses with an assessment of athletic performance at young age of 8.0 scores – 37.4%, only 29.7% were horses with rating of 9.0 scores at factory tests, 55.5% were horses with rating of 5.0 to 7.0 scores.
The results of the studies prove that the coefficients of heritability and repeatability of the assessment of performance indicators of riding horses remain quite low. Correlation is positive, but not strong enough, which reduces the efficiency of selection of horses at young age to use them in sports in the future. Thus, it is necessary to follow the way of both increasing the number of horses tested at young age, and their rigorous selection at all stages of the breeding process.
18
D. M., Nurmakhanbetov, Sydykov D. A., Nasyrkhanova B.K., and Kozhanov Zh.E. "SELECTION AND BREEDING WORK WITH KAZAKH HORSE TYPE ZHABE IN PEASANT FARMS OF KAZAKHSTAN." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 3(114) (September 1, 2022): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2022.3(114).1171.
Full textAbstract:
The article clarify the status of meat herd horses in farms of different forms of ownership in different natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The numerical composition of purebred horses of the Kazakh breed of the Zhabe type bred in the farms is analyzed. The purpose of this scientific work is to improve the breeding and productive qualities of Kazakh breed horses of Zhabe type in the horse farms of Karaganda, Zhambyl and Pavlodar regions. The novelty of the work is the development of the method of selection and breeding work to preserve and improve the heterozygosity of the Kazakh horse breed, with intensive breeding on a set of breeding traits. The characteristics of the studied animals in 2010 and 2015 are given: the Seleti breeding type with three breeding lines: Braslet, Zadorny, Pamir, and Zymyran 101-76 line. A comparative study of average measurements, body weight and indices was carried out. In the basic farms of purebred Kazakh horses of Zhabe type, the animals of elite clasmade up 33,1%, the first class - 42,6%, the second class - 24,3%. All main stallions-producers of the farms (n=73) were assigned to the elite class. The results of the bonitation indicate the consolidation of breeding qualities and the sufficiency of the animals for further breeding work
19
Różański, Paweł, Brygida Ślaska, and Dorota Różańska. "Current status of prevalence of yeast-like fungi in the environment of horses bred in Poland / Aktualny status występowania grzybów drożdżopodobnych w środowisku hodowlanym koni w Polsce." Annals of Animal Science 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0016.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study presents an analysis of the yeast-like fungi population in the healthy horses’ living environment. The study material was sampled from various elements and equipment of a stable. We compared the yeast-like fungi population from the breeding environment of five groups of horses (English Thoroughbred horses, Arabian horses, Polish Half-Bred horses, cold-blooded horses, and Hucul horses and Highland ponies). The samples were collected in the summer and winter period. The laboratory examination involved 260 samples and resulted in identification of yeast-like fungi belonging to 13 species. Over 50% of the samples collected from the horse environment in wintertime and fewer than 18% of the summer samples displayed fungal growth. The largest amounts of yeast fungi were isolated from samples collected from water and feed troughs. The laboratory analysis demonstrated qualitative diversity of the yeast-like fungi population depending on the breeding environment of the individual horse groups. Quantitative differences of isolates were additionally related to the season of the year.
20
Pan, Jing, Chimge Purev, Hongwei Zhao, Zhipeng Zhang, Feng Wang, Nashun Wendoule, Guichun Qi, Yongbin Liu, and Huanmin Zhou. "Discovery of exercise-related genes and pathway analysis based on comparative genomes of Mongolian originated Abaga and Wushen horse." Open Life Sciences 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0487.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Mongolian horses have excellent endurance and stress resistance to adapt to the cold and harsh plateau conditions. Intraspecific genetic diversity is mainly embodied in various genetic advantages of different branches of the Mongolian horse. Since people pay progressive attention to the athletic performance of horse, we expect to guide the exercise-oriented breeding of horses through genomics research. We obtained the clean data of 630,535,376,400 bp through the entire genome second-generation sequencing for the whole blood of four Abaga horses and ten Wushen horses. Based on the data analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism, we severally detected that 479 and 943 positively selected genes, particularly exercise related, were mainly enriched on equine chromosome 4 in Abaga horses and Wushen horses, which implied that chromosome 4 may be associated with the evolution of the Mongolian horse and athletic performance. Four hundred and forty genes of positive selection were enriched in 12 exercise-related pathways and narrowed in 21 exercise-related genes in Abaga horse, which were distinguished from Wushen horse. So, we speculated that the Abaga horse may have oriented genes for the motorial mechanism and 21 exercise-related genes also provided a molecular genetic basis for exercise-directed breeding of the Mongolian horse.
21
Pluta, Michał, Katarzyna Bańka, Angelika Cieśla, and Łukasz Rogala. "The state of breeding and use of Caspian horses in Europe and around the world." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica 19, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/asp.2020.19.3.10.
Full textAbstract:
The Caspian horse is one of the oldest horse breeds in the world and probably the first oriental domesticated horse. For centuries thought the breed had been considered extinct, until it was "rediscovered" in 1965 in Iran. The breed is quite important in the history of horse breeding, however, it is still little known. The aim of the work was to present the characteristics of the breed (conformation, characteristics and usage) and to assess the current state of the population in Europe and around the World. A survey was conduct among 18 breeders and included 120 horses. The population size was estimated based on the analysis of two breed registries. This study confirms and supplies information about Caspian horses available in the literature. Caspian horses can be very useful in refining small breeds of horses and could bring many profits in Polish breeding of sport ponies.
22
Bihuncová, Iveta, Iva Jiskrová, Martina Kosťuková, Hana Černohorská, Ivana Oravcová, and Eva Sobotková. "The Effect of Increasing Numbers of Horses of Undefined Breed on Horse Breeding in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 1 (2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563010023.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the present study was to analyse the numbers and division of horses of undefined breed. At the present time this group is the most numerous in the entire population of horses. Horses of undefined breed do not come under any breeder union which would provide reports about these horses; these horses are only registered and breeders are informed only about their numbers. Our study is the first to deal with the problem of increasing numbers of horses of undefined breed. The database contained 22 211 horses not entered registered in any of the stud books. In the database we filed approved horses born between 1972 and 1 September 2012 and horses registered from 1987. The data were processed in the Excel programme and results were evaluated in graphs. The most frequent horse in this group was the warm-blood type (n = 9 303), pony type (n = 6 285), cold-blooded type (n = 2 663) and unlisted horses (n = 2 278). Since 2001 the number of registered horses of undefined breed has increased. The most numerous dams of horses of undefined breed is the Czech warm-blood with 1 912 offspring; dams of the English Thoroughbred with 552 offspring and mares of the utility Huzule horse with 492 offspring. In the group of registered horses of undefined breed the Czech warm-blood appears in the pedigree of 507 colts and the American Paint Horse in the pedigree of sires of 506 colts. Why the numbers of horses of undefined breed are increasing is the boom of leisure horsemanship and unqualified horse breeding.
23
Romanenko, G. V. "Historical aspects of breeding and preservation of Hutsul horse breed on the Ukrainian territory of the interwar Poland." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, no. 9 (October 12, 2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1718118.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the historical aspects of Hutsul horse breeding on Ukrainian territory of the interwar Poland. The unique breed of the Hutsul horse is an important component of the Ukrainian cultural and natural heritage. This horse breed was formed in the Carpathians historically, that is well adapted to the specifics of local environment, climatic and economic conditions. The purpose of this article is to study the complex of measures and practices taken by the Polish authorities and the indifferent people on the Ukrainian territory of the interwar Poland, in order to preserve and promote the Hutsul horse breeding. Despite the extremely unsatisfactory amount of the population of these mountain horses after the end of the First World War, in the next twenty years it has been possible to implement a number of measures that have contributed to the conservation of the breed, and an increase in the number of livestock. With the help of enthusiasts and state support, a horse-breeding factory was founded in Sudova Vishnia, where a number of selective stallion-breeders was formed, and the nursery station in the Carpathians restored its activity. Regular exhibitions and inspections of Hutsul horses motivated the co-owners to take proper care of their horses and facilitate the exchange of experience in their feeding. Until the beginning of the Second World War, a network of stud farms appeared in the Carpathians. Each of these farms had a stallion of Hutsul breed, and peasants could obtain grants for breeding and keeping horses. In 1925, the Union of Horse Hutsul breeds was established. This organization devoted its activities to the revival of the Hutsul horse breed, its cultivation and popularization among the population. The Union of Horse Hutsul breeds acted intensively before the Second World War. The efforts to scale up the number of Hutsul horses were not sufficient, but still it helped to maintain and increase the unique breed of Ukrainian mountain horses before the war. The experience of maintaining the breed and encouraging its breeding is an interesting subject for studying and comparing with modern practices in this area.
24
Klecel, Weronika, and Elżbieta Martyniuk. "From the Eurasian Steppes to the Roman Circuses: A Review of Early Development of Horse Breeding and Management." Animals 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071859.
Full textAbstract:
The domestication of the horse began about 5500 years ago in the Eurasian steppes. In the following millennia horses spread across the ancient world, and their role in transportation and warfare affected every ancient culture. Ownership of horses became an indicator of wealth and social status. The importance of horses led to a growing interest in their breeding and management. Many phenotypic traits, such as height, behavior, and speed potential, have been proven to be a subject of selection; however, the details of ancient breeding practices remain mostly unknown. From the fourth millennium BP, through the Iron Age, many literature sources thoroughly describe horse training systems, as well as various aspects of husbandry, many of which are still in use today. The striking resemblance of ancient and modern equine practices leaves us wondering how much was accomplished through four thousand years of horse breeding.
25
Popescu, Silvana, Cristin Borda, Daniela Oros, Dana Carmen Sandru, Marina Spinu, Radu Giupina, and Eva Diugan. "Human-Animal Relationship: A Comparative Study in Working and Breeding Horses." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12172.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of a good human-horse relationship in every equestrian discipline is recognized by the specialists all over the world. The aim of the study was to comparatively assess the behavioural response towards humans in different horse categories, in two seasons. The human-animal relationship was investigated during a year, in two different seasons in working horses (171 in the winter, 168 in the summer), stallions (62 in the winter, 66 in the summer) and broodmares and young horses (137 in the winter, 146 in the summer). Using specific methods, the general attitude of the horses was evaluated (apathetic or alert) and their reactions (aggressiveness, fear/avoidance, indifference, friendliness) to the: (1) assessors’ approach (2) walking besides and (3) the attempt of touching the animal. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. The value of minimal significance was considered at P < 0.05. The proportion of the apathetic horses recorded in this study varied from 0% to 3.23% depending on the assessed category and season, without statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). For the behavioural responses (aggressiveness, fear, indifference or friendly response), statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among the assessed horse categories. The season had no significant influence on the variability of responses in the behavioural tests in none of the horse categories. The results indicate an inadequate human-animal relationship in all the studied horse categories, with negative implications on the welfare of the animals. This problem has low remedial possibilities, because it needs human mentality change of those working with horses.
26
Kosenko, S. Yu, A. V. Burenko, V. S. Cheban, and S. A. Nagornyi. "ANALYSIS OF EXTERIOR FEATURE AND WORKING QUALITIES OF TROTTER BREEDS HORSES BELONGING TO THE BRANCHES OF SE ‘HORSE BREEDING OF UKRAINE’ ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERT EVALUATION OF 2022." Animal Breeding and Genetics 64 (December 26, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.64.03.
Full textAbstract:
During the period from 2005 to 2020, the trotting horse breeding industry in Ukraine suffered significant losses, and the number of breeding horses of the Oryol breed and the Ukrainian trotting breed group being approved decreased by 60–80%, respectively [3]. Today farms engaged in the breeding of pedigree horses are unprofitable, as a result of which the gene pool is impoverished and the herd is reduced. Under such conditions, it is quite difficult to carry out selection in the direction of genetic diversity. In this way, in order to plan effective samplings and selections of animals, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment of not only the breeding herd, but also the young animals that undergo testing [5]. For this purpose, an expert evaluation of trotting horses and thoroughbred riding breeds is held annually at hippodromes.
Research purpose was to analyse the current condition of breeding young trotting horses that are tested at hippodromes, according to exterior and performance indicators.
Research material and methods. The research was carried out in the production conditions of the branch “Odesa Hippodrome” and Communal enterprise “Kyiv Hippodrome”. The horses of trotting breeds aged 2–4 years, which were tested at these hippodromes and belonged to the following branches of State Enterprise “Horse Breeding of Ukraine” were selected for the experiments: Dibriv stud farm № 62, Zaporizhzhia stud farm № 86, Loziv stud farm № 124 and Lymariv stud farm № 61 (n = 93).
To characterize the growth and development of the experimental animals, the following measurements were taken: height at the withers, chest girth, and wrist girth. The measurements were carried out using a measuring stick and a measuring tape according to the method by A. Krasnikov (1959). When evaluating trotters based on the obtained measurements, the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses was used.
The working capacity of the studied herd of horses was assessed by the best agility at a distance of 1600 meters. Based on these data, the average rate of agility of horses in terms of breeds and horse owners was derived, and a statistical analysis was carried out in Excel using classic biometric methods by N. Plokhinskyi.
Research results. To assess the exterior indicators of the trotter herd, the expert commission conducted a brood of trotters of all sex-age groups and breeds (n = 72). Subsequently, the results of breeding horses at the Dibriv stud farm, which were tested at Communal enterprise “Kyiv Hippodrome” (n = 21), were added to the obtained indicators. According to the breeding results at Odesa Hippodrome, the highest average score for exterior – 5.52 was given to the horses of the Dibriv stud farm. The average rating of this farm horses, which are tested at both hippodromes, was 5.11 points on the grading scale. According to working capacity indicators, the Dibriv stud farm leads among all farms – 7.9 points. Horses of the Zaporizhzhia stud farm received an average score of 5.26 for exterior, and 6.2 for working qualities; from Loziv – respectively, 4.64 and 7.1. The horses of the Lymariv stud farm according to the measurements did not meet the minimum requirements of the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses, and had the lowest average score for performance – 4.7.
When studying the horses’ working qualities, it was found that the Dibriv stud farm representatives have the best agility indicators. The average score for working capacity by farm according to the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses is: Dibriv stud farm – 7.9; Zaporizhzhia – 6.2; Loziv – 7.1; Lymariv – 4.7.
The herd of trotting stallions of all farms is mostly inferior to mares in terms of both appearance and performance. Consequently, according to the results of the realized actions, the mares received the 1st degree certificate.
27
Ablondi, Michela, Susanne Eriksson, Sasha Tetu, Alberto Sabbioni, Åsa Viklund, and Sofia Mikko. "Genomic Divergence in Swedish Warmblood Horses Selected for Equestrian Disciplines." Genes 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10120976.
Full textAbstract:
The equestrian sport horse Swedish Warmblood (SWB) originates from versatile cavalry horses. Most modern SWB breeders have specialized their breeding either towards show jumping or dressage disciplines. The aim of this study was to explore the genomic structure of SWB horses to evaluate the presence of genomic subpopulations, and to search for signatures of selection in subgroups of SWB with high or low breeding values (EBVs) for show jumping. We analyzed high density genotype information from 380 SWB horses born in the period 2010–2011, and used Principal Coordinates Analysis and Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components to detect population stratification. Fixation index and Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity scores were used to scan the genome for potential signatures of selection. In accordance with current breeding practice, this study highlights the development of two separate breed subpopulations with putative signatures of selection in eleven chromosomes. These regions involve genes with known function in, e.g., mentality, endogenous reward system, development of connective tissues and muscles, motor control, body growth and development. This study shows genetic divergence, due to specialization towards different disciplines in SWB horses. This latter evidence can be of interest for SWB and other horse studbooks encountering specialized breeding.
28
Šarovská, Lenka, Lucie Walterová, Sylvie Krčová, and Iva Jiskrová. "Sport’s performance of Czech warmblood horse on the base of results in the breeding competitions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 1 (2009): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957010129.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sporting efficiency of the Czech warm-blooded horse on the basis of their results in breeding competitions. These competitions, so-called Criteria of Young Horses, are part of the testing of young horses. In this work we focused only on the Criteria of Young Horses in jumping competitions. These competitions are advertised only for 4 to 6-year-old stallions and mares. The competitions are state-subsidised and are based on the valid programme of subsidies for the Czech Republic. The horses get three marks: for the jump, dexterity and readiness of the horse. The authorised examiner gives the marks. All horses of sports breeds bred in the Czech Republic may take part in the competitions, i.e. the Czech warm-blooded, Slovakian warm-blooded, the Kinský horse and the Moravian warm-blooded. The organiser of these competitions is the Czech Equestrian Federation.The evaluated results are from the period of 1998–2007. We compared the factors of sex, country of origin of the horse, age, examiner, level of difficulty of the competition and year of the venue. In these competitions 1617 horses started. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance and subsequent tests. Statistically significant differences were detected for all the evaluated factors. In terms of the sex factor the evaluation of the stallions was highly significantly (P < 0.00) higher than the mares. Comparisons of the country of origin revealed that the evaluation of imported horses was highly significantly (P < 0.00) better than of horses of Czech breeders. When comparing the age we discovered that the rating of six and five-year-old horses was statistically significantly (P < 0.00) higher than of the four-year-old horses. This factor is connected with the level of difficulty of the competition. Evaluations in the higher levels of difficulty were statistically highly significantly (P < 0.00) better than in the lower levels of difficulty. Comparisons of the factor of the year of the competition showed that the quality of the starting horses is increasing.When we considered the possibility of applying these results to estimate the breeding value we saw the biggest problem in the great disunity in the origin of the Czech horses. In the database we discovered that each stud horse had an average of 3 offspring and the mother an average 1.3 offspring. We consider these figures to be unsatisfactory. We assume that it is possible to estimate the breeding values because the database is extensive, but the source of the great error in calculation may be the insufficient number of offspring of the stud horses.
29
Ilnytska, T. Y. "EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE OF EVENTING HORSES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.07.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article analyses results of sport horses competing in eventing. During recent years, the Ukrainian Warmblood horses have not exhibited the desired qualities and were generally much inferior in quality than European Warmblood horses. To ensure effective selection for breeding of future sport horses, it is necessary to introduce a more objective assessment of those qualities which impact on the economic efficiency of the horse breeding industry most. In countries with developed equestrian industries, the performance evaluation of horses is a two-level rating system: first - by own sport performance of the horse and second - by sport results of the progeny.
The absence of a similar systematic evaluation in today's Ukraine significantly affects not only the quality of the produced horses, but also the desirability of the Ukrainian-bred horses among sportsmen and other potential buyers.
Breeding programs focused on sport performance will help to preserve and improve the Ukrainian Warmblood breed of horses.
The purpose of the work was to analyze and evaluate sport performance of eventing horses of various breeds. Analysis of pedigrees of the horses was made as well with recommendations for horse breeders.
Materials and methods for the research. The article uses results of eventing competitions and the pedigree of the competing horses. Results of the national eventing competitions held in Ukraine and international competitions held abroad during the period from 2012 to 2015 were used. The generally accepted method for evaluation of performance of the horses on the 20-point scale was employed. This method does not account for the number of starts of a horse during the period, but takes into account only the best result of the horse in the entire sports career. The academic method does not show the dynamics of the high-level sport performance.
For the complex evaluation of performance of the horses, a new methodological approach was applied. This method is based on summation of the scores for each successfully completed start. Competitions were stratified by difficulty level based on the classifications used by the Ukrainian Equestrian Federation and the Ukrainian Ministry of sports, as well as by the event organizers. This approach allowed identifying the horses that have consistently exhibited the best performance. This outcome emphasizes the need to employ this methodology for choosing the best quality horses (those that have shown good performance most consistently).
Conclusions. The article provides a detailed analysis of sport performance and of the pedigrees of eventing horses. It is shown that the number of the Ukrainian Warmblood horses participating in eventing competitions has decreased over the last 4 years. The number of the European Warmblood horses has increased (many of those horses were born in Ukrainian stud farms). The number of the horses bred in Ukraine, but not registered in any studbook, has also significantly increased. The study shows that the highest scores have been achieved by the horses registered in the leading European Warmblood studbooks. The Ukrainian Warmblood horses, on average, occupy the third place among stud books. The lowest scores have been achieved by horse not registered in any studbook and by horses of unknown origin.
According to the analysis using the new method, the best results in eventing have been achieved by English Thoroughbred horses. They were leading in all eventing competitions of all levels. Two rankings show that: by individual highest score and by total results of all competitions at all levels for the entire researched period. The best eventing sport horses have pedigrees with the sire being an English Thoroughbred or a Trakehner. The most successful Ukrainian Warmblood horses had the combination of the Thoroughbred lines of Faktotum and Khrustalin their pedigrees and the Thoroughbred ancestors were in the 3rd and/or 4th generation.
Recommendations are made for breeders of Ukrainian Warmblood horses.
Originality. The new method allows for the assessment of the complex of traits of sport horses for eventing. The ranking by achievements in sport provides valuable information for evaluation of the horses and of their parents.
Practical value. Recommendations are made to breeders aiming at breeding horses with high potential for performance in eventing. The new methodology can be used for statistics analysis of the genetic potential and determination of the breeding value of the parents. The results of the research will be used for developing the Selection and Breeding Program for the Ukrainian Warmblood Breed for the Period until 2020.
30
Yankina, Olga, Anna Prihodko, Natalia Kim, Natalia Chugaeva, and Igor Nikolaevskiy. "Meat productivity of young horses in the conditions of year-round grazing." E3S Web of Conferences 203 (2020): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020301032.
Full textAbstract:
Meat herd horse breeding is one of the most promising projects in the industry, especially in peasant (farming) households. Meat herd horse breeding is one of the most promising areas in the industry, especially in peasant (farm) households. The number of meat herd horses is 438.2 thousand heads, incl. in agricultural organizations 161.2 thousand heads (36.8%), in peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs - 277 thousand heads (63.2%). In the conditions of the Primorsky Territory, horse breeding is not the main branch of animal husbandry, nevertheless, there are enough territories here where horse breeding could develop successfully. Breeds such as the Vladimir and Soviet heavy draft do not require much human participation, and they themselves get their own food. At the same time, the main method of keeping and breeding these breeds is herd. The assessment of meat productivity of crossbred young horses with stallions of Sovetskaya and Vladimirskaya heavy draft breeds was carried out. The use of stallions of the Sovetskaya heavy draft breed in horse breeding allowed increasing the slaughter yield by 3.6% and improve the morphological composition of the carcass in comparison with the Vladimirskaya heavy draft breed.
31
Whitaker, T. C. "Equine breed registry and type: its influence on performance on young event horse evaluation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019384.
Full textAbstract:
European breeding schemes have for many years routinely conducted evaluation of young (mainly at four to six years of age) sport horse as a part of their integrated breed improvement schemes (Whitaker and Hill, 2005 a). Such an approach has allowed assessment of horses as to their future worth as competition animals and helped to establish the potential genetic worth of animals to the populations. Furthermore such events act as part of the validation mechanism for the establishment of estimated breeding values. The UK has historically suffered from an unstructured and disparate approach to sport horse breeding (Whitaker and Hill 2005 a). However recently (over the last five years) various organisations have introduced competitions aimed at assessment of young sport horses. An example is the British Eventing Breeding Championships established in 2004. Four, five and six year old event horse compete in qualifying competitions and then participate in a one day championship event run in October. This study investigated the effect of both breed type and registry on final rank within competition for six year old horses completing competition in 2004 and 2005 championships.
32
Kovalevskaya, V. B. "Turning Points in Horse Breeding in the Eurasian Steppes and the Near East." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.1.033-041.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the pivotal points in horse domestication on the Eurasian steppes and the Near East in the 5th to 2nd millennia BC, from the initial time and place of the domestication of horses to the emergence of various types of horse harnesses. On the basis of 5th and 4th millennia BC Eurasian horse-headed scepters, the means for handling horses are reconstructed. Six types of head harnesses are described, and their evolution is traced from simple muzzles (type 1) and more complex ones (types 2 and 3) to those supplemented with drop nosebands (type 4) and snaffl e (type 5) and non-snaffl e bridles (type 6). A unique 3rd millennium BC document—an Elamite clay tablet from Susa, listing horse farms, has made it possible to assess the structure of each farm, and evaluate the size of the domestic horse population in Elam. Training techniques of chariot horses were described by the “master horse trainer Kikkuli of Mitanni”. These techniques were further developed by the proto-Indo-Aryans on the Eurasian steppes in the early 2nd millennium BC, and became known to the Hittites and Assyrians via the Mitanni horse breeders. On the basis of the Rigveda, the type and exterior of those swift horses with which the Indo-Aryans spread over Asia are characterized.
33
Anisimov, Evsey E., Varvara P. Druzyanova, and Alexander A. Kirillin. "Methodology for assessing the efficiency of horse breeding mechanization under conditions of extremely low temperatures." Far Eastern Agrarian Herald 18, no. 1 (2024): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22450/1999-6837-2024-18-1-57-64.
Full textAbstract:
The article briefly characterizes the state of horse breeding in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). There are special features in breeding of the Yakutian horses. The Yakutian horses stay outdoors all year round and feed mainly on fodder. At present, villagers have started to maximize the number of horses due to the unpretentiousness of their feeding. However, another problem has arisen – due to the sharp increase in horse number there is not enough fodder. To solve this problem, it is proposed to organize mechanical distribution of additional feeding in the form of hay in decentralized areas. When calculating additional feeding norm, the following are taken into account: the required mass of hay, which is determined by the herd and the normative amount of hay per horse; the distance between hay distribution place and storage place, fuel consumption and pasture area. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for forecasting the level of efficiency of herd horse breeding at the mechanized method of hay delivery and distribution by applying a mathematical dependence. It can help in choosing the location and distance for the organization of horse breeding bases in decentralized areas in the conditions of Yakutia. The calculations for preliminary assessment of proposed mathematical dependence efficiency were carried out. The initial data were taken for the existing horse breeding farm – LLC "Horse Farm Berte". The obtained results of forecast calculations have shown that the efficiency of production increases significantly, on average by 56.5% at mechanization of delivery and distribution of additional feeding in decentralized horse-breeding bases. At the farthest horse farm, located 60 km away from the central farmstead, it is possible to increase the number of animals from 145 to 227.
34
Mesarič, Matjaž, and Klemen Potočnik. "Comparison of conformation trait scores of foals and adults in Posavje horse breed." Anali PAZU 9, no. 1-2 (June 9, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/analipazu.9.1-2.22-27.2019.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study was to detect the differences of the conformation scores between foals and adult Posavje horse breed. At the Department for selection of horses in Veterinary Faculty, data of conformation scores determines criteria for quality of breeding animals in breeding objective and registering in Studbook. Evaluating data of type, head, neck, front part, middle part, hind part, conformation of front limbs and hind limbs from 1995 till 2007 were analysed. Estimated heritabilities for scored conformations trait in Posavje horse (556) were low to moderate (0.03-0.37). The data included conformation valuation of Posavje horse breed male (57) and female foals (353) and adult at admittance in studbook. An average in ten-point scale in the group of mare was 7.25±0.50 for type, 7.39±0.32 for head-neck, 7.57±0.19 for body and 6.44±0.21 points for limbs. An average of valuation points for the same animals as foal was 7.37±0.39 for type, 7.18±0.37 for head-neck, 7.54±0.35 for body and 6.59±0.31 for limbs. A significant differences between valuation of this two groups (p<0.01) was found for type, head-neck and limb conformation traits (paired t-test). Valuation of body was similar in foals and adult animals. The conformation scores of male Posavje horses were for the same conformations traits higher than for female animals. A significant difference (p<0.01) was found only for head-neck. The results show that the relationship between conformation traits of female Posavje horses was weak. In male Posavje horses, the relationship between conformation traits was more informative, most likely because of stringent criterions at evaluation of conformation in foals. Further research in genetic parameters of conformation in young horses, as well as foals, should strengthen breeding programs of Posavje horses and allow earlier selection of superior breeding animals.
35
Ohorodnichuk, H. "The state of the horse breeding industry and the evaluation of horses at the state enterprise dibrivka stud farm 62." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, no. 96 (May 7, 2022): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9617.
Full textAbstract:
Preservation of genetic resources of the horse breeding industry at the State Enterprise Dibrivka Stud Farm is currently relevant, as there is a reduction in the number of valuable breeds of horses and the destruction of their gene pool in Ukraine. The purpose of the work was to research the state of the horse breeding industry and to conduct a quality assessment of horses at State Enterprise Dibrivka Stud Farm 62, Dibrivka village, Myrhorod district, Poltava region, in order to establish effective operation of the enterprise. State Enterprise Dibrivka Stud Farm 62 breeds the Orlov Trotter, Russian Trotter and Novoolexandrian Draught breeds. It was observed that stallions and mares (their height at the withers, length of the body, chest circumference, cannon bone circumference) of the Orlov Trotter breed, Russian Trotter breed and Novoolexandrian Draught breed correspond to the elite class and mostly predominates it in breeding value and economic purpose of stallions and breeding mares at the horse farm. At State Enterprise Dibrivka Stud Farm 62 the population of stallions and mares received a high rating by the main points (origin, type, exterior, and measurements); it was 5.5–9. It indicates a high genetic potential of the herd and a purposeful breeding work with it. It is necessary to improve the feeding of horses (increase the supply of good quality hay, concentrated feed, diversify the diet of breeding stallions, improve the condition of pastures) in order to use the genetic potential of animals effectively.
36
Antunovich, Tamara, and Vasily Verkhoturov. "Horse breeding of the Kaliningrad region: state and development prospects." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128504008.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the development of horse breeding in the Kaliningrad region. The materials are based on the analysis of the history of development and the current state of the main directions of horse breeding in the Kaliningrad region. The paper presents statistical data on the number of horses of different periods, analyzes historical information and the current state of horse breeding. Breeding achievements, problems and prospects for the development of horse breeding in the Kaliningrad region are discussed within the framework of the state strategy for the development of the industry in the Russian Federation.
37
Lee, Haeseung, Seung-Hun Lee, Yu-Ran Lee, Ha-Young Kim, Bo-Youn Moon, Jee Eun Han, Man Hee Rhee, Oh-Deog Kwon, and Dongmi Kwak. "Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes and Infections in the Horses in Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 59, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.639.
Full textAbstract:
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a microsporidian pathogen. Recently, the equestrian population is increasing in Korea. The horse-related zoonotic pathogens, including E. bieneusi, are concerns of public health. A total of 1,200 horse fecal samples were collected from riding centers and breeding farms in Jeju Island and inland areas. Of the fecal samples 15 (1.3%) were PCR positive for E. bieneusi. Interestingly, all positive samples came from Jeju Island. Diarrhea and infection in foals were related. Two genotypes (horse1, horse2) were identified as possible zoonotic groups requiring continuous monitoring.
38
Ilnytska, T. Y., and O. V. Bondarenko. "EVALUATION OF STALLIONS OF SPORT BREEDS BASED ON LINEAR DESCRIPTION OF THEIR OFFSPRING." Animal Breeding and Genetics 57 (April 24, 2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.57.07.
Full textAbstract:
During the last decade, there have been significant changes in horses' requirements, approaches and methods of evaluation in the world. The increase in the popularity of equestrian sport has led to an increase in the number of horses and the use of valuable pedigree stallions.
The level of sporting ability of horses can be determined only after the age of 10–12, therefore, the issue of early prediction and study of the laws regarding the heredity of the sportive potential is relevant for each breeding organization.
One of the first sources of data to calculate the breeding value of stallions is the linear description of the comformation and sport ability of offspring, as well as the traditional scoring system. After that, consists of a linear profile stallion for each linear trait, the complex of traits and indicates the reliability of evaluation.
Methodical approaches to estimating a comformation, sport ability and breeding values remained the same in horse breeding of Ukraine. This could not affect and quality of livestock of horses.
Horses of ukrainian riding breed is significantly inferior in performance to horses of other "modern" sports breeds, which led to a significant reduction in livestock. Therefore, it is necessary to change the system of evaluation of horses in terms of exterior and working qualities. The modern system of classification of features, in contrast to the existing rating scale, gives an idea of the nature of the manifestation of a feature by measurement, and not its desirability.
The aim of our research. Develop and scientifically substantiate the method of evaluation of breeding stallions by calculating their linear profile on the basis of the evaluation of offspring.
Material and methods. The research materials were forms containing a description of 80 horses on a linear scale. At the same time the linear profile of the stallion was formed on the basis of the generalization of the forms of at least 5 of his offspring. Thus, the results of describing the descendants of 7 stallions were processed and their generalized linear profile was formed. To describe horses on a linear scale, we developed a form that included 19 comformation traits, 9 movement traits and 9 jumping traits.
The results of evaluating the breeding value of horses for linear characteristics, that is, the genotype of individual horses were compared with the average data for the entire population. Calculation of estimates was carried out on the basis of all available from the horse, his parents, descendants and all existing relatives, data for several generations, taking into account the degree of kinship between them, the influence of factors contributing to the development of characters. This made it possible to eliminate sex and age differences, environmental conditions, as well as differences in the genetic quality of queens covered by different manufacturers (that is, the effect of the maternal genotype).
The genetic correlation coefficients were calculated on the basis of horse breeding values by the method of correlation analysis. To obtain estimates of the heritability of traits, a limited maximum likelihood method was used based on the "animal model"(DFREML 3.0 β).
Using multivariate analysis of variance, we studied the influence of such factors as gender, father, year and place of assessment, age of descendants, breed. Calculations of breeding values are carried out using a multidimensional linear model using the GLM method (general linear model). The model included a genetic and environmental correlation matrix of breeding traits. Estimates are based on solving a mixed model equation. The value of the estimates was corrected for the genetic basis, for which the average breeding value of horses was adopted, had data from 2005 to 2015.
Results of research. According to the results of research, we have developed a linear scale for evaluating horses for sports use. When compiling the list of assessment indicators, international requirements were taken into account, namely: signs are linear in the biological sense, separated from each other, have a large coefficient of heritability, each linear characteristic describes a unique part of a horse that does not cover a combination of various other signs. The scale, we have proposed, is composed according to the principle of assigning to each sign a special value from “A” to “I” depending on the deviation from the mean or desirability of the sign. For the calculation, it was assumed that the average population value for linear signs of the exterior, movements and jumps is equal to 100 units. The standard deviation is 4 units. In general, for all linear characters, low and medium heritability indicators were established in the complex (0.09–0.41). The results of the linear description of the signs of all sports horse breeds are used to calculate the breeding values of horses.
Most of the signs of offspring of stallions of Western European breeds are characterized by a good development of comformation, movements and jumps. In the offspring is to improve the balance and strength of the gallop, the trot is more elastic, the work is longer. This indicates the positive impact of these stallions on the population of horses of Ukrainian riding breed. The indicator of reliability of assessments (R) is on average 30 percent, which is insufficient for predicting the development of traits in working with Ukrainian horse breed.
The breeding value of horses of different directions of use was also calculated for the height at the withers and expressed in absolute units. So, the rate of horses is +1.08. This indicates that, on average, the height at the withers of most of the descendants of stallions will be higher than the average population level by 1.08.
Conclusions. The proposed linear method of describing the exterior, movements, jumps and character allows for a more focused selection of horses for specialization by types of equestrian sport - jumping and dressage, which in turn will contribute to improving the competitiveness of Ukrainian riding horses at the national and international levels. An important measure to improve the efficiency of breeding and breeding work should be the formation of a linear profile of stallions based on the descriptions of their offspring. Thus, breeders have the opportunity to conduct a targeted selection to increase those or other traits.
39
Herman, Y. I. "System of performance-based comprehensive evaluation of horses of plant type in Belarusian draft breed." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 58, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2020-58-2-199-214.
Full textAbstract:
Obtaining horses of a new quality, mostly required in modern conditions of in the republic, is one of the promising tasks for further breeding. While preserving the specific traits of the basic Belarusian draft breed, the horses of the created type will be characterized by new traits of a more expanded non-traditional horse use. This is for the first time when traits were established during work with the Belarusian draft breed, determining universal performance of the plant type horses, as well as in accordance with motor traits step length when moving in steps, trot; speed of movement in steps, trot, gallop; style of movement in steps, gallop, trot; according to jumping traits – the height of obstacles taken, the style of jumping, and temperament. The indicators for evaluating horses according to the indicated traits have been studied. The positive correlation of performance indicators with some basic and additionally taken measurements of horses, angles of articulation of individual parts has been established. Differentiation of jump has been developed with specifying such phases as grouping, repulsion, flight, landing, which will be used to evaluate and predict its efficiency. Factors determining efficiency of jump have been determined. Length of run, distance from the repulsion point to the obstacle, reserve of jump, mobility of the head, neck and limbs. Characteristic features of the studied allures, their genetic and statistical characteristics are determined. Positive correlation between a number of measurements and features of the horse exterior with the motion and jumping traits was determined. Training methods have been developed and used that ensure development of jumping traits of horses of the created type of over 90 cm. The information obtained will be used to develop recommendations for training, testing and evaluation of horses of plant type of Belarusian draft breed. This will allow improving the welfare of Belarusian horse breeding, raise quality of horses obtained, and become an export-oriented industry in agro-ecotourism and leisure horse breeding for the CIS countries.
40
Rogic, Biljana, Bozo Vazic, and Djordje Sarajlic. "Breeding goals and selection effort in the breeding of Lipizzan horses in the stud farm Vucijaka from 1946 to 2015." Genetika 50, no. 1 (2018): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1801253r.
Full textAbstract:
The Lipizzan horse belongs to the oldest European horse breeds. In the year 1946 the Bosnian Lipizzan state stud farm Vucijak, located next to the town Prnjavor, was founded. The foundation stock originated from the Croatian state stud farms Lipik and Djakovo, and from private owners in Croatia. The breeding goal of Vucijak was to obtain a Lipizzan horse of a smaller body frame suitable for driving and the use as pack horses. The aim of this study was to compare anatomical body measurements of the founder animals with measurements of actual breeding population. From in total 41 horses (10 stallions and 31 mares) following body measurements were taken: height at withers (measured by tape), circumference of chest and circumference of cannon bone forelimb. All horses was 4 years or older at the time of measuring. In order to compare the actual breeding population with the foundation population we extracted comparable data of 17 stallions and 36 mares from the stud book. On the basis of the morphological measures, compactness and bonines index were calculated. The results showed that today's Lipizzan horse of the Vucijak stud are smaller in height at whiters and circumference of chest, while the circumference of cannon bone is larger than documented for founders. The t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the height at whiters and circumference of cannon bone. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that today's Lipizzan from the Bosnian stud farm Vucijak have a smaller body frame, which confirmed selection success.
41
Walkowicz, Ewa, Olgierd Unold, Henryk Maciejewski, and Paweł Skrobanek. "Zoometric Indices in Silesian Horses in the Years 1945-2005." Annals of Animal Science 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10220-011-0007-x.
Full textAbstract:
Zoometric Indices in Silesian Horses in the Years 1945-2005The aim of the present work was to analyse biometric parameters of the Silesian horse population over a period of 60 years. The research material consisted of almost 11 000 horses. The post-German breeding material was accepted as the basis of the breed, and then the project traced the changes that the population underwent as a result of inconsistent breeding policy. Zoometric indices were found to vary considerably over the years and there was a definite reaction to breeding selection, leading to changes in animal type during a short period of time.
42
Donchenko, A. S., M. P. Neustroev, and N. P. Tarabukina. "Veterinary support of the herd horse breeding: problems and solutions." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 53, no. 6 (August 3, 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2023-6-5.
Full textAbstract:
Developed immunobiological preparations for the prevention of infectious diseases in herd horses are presented. Infectious diseases of horses are registered in almost all countries in Asia, Europe and America. In Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia, the most common diseases are strangles of horses, rhinopneumonia, and salmonella abortion, which cause significant economic damage to herd horse breeding. Various monovaccines are developed and produced in foreign countries, most of them have no use in Russia. We have found a simultaneous disease of mares with rhinopneumonia and salmonellosis, as well as young horses with rhinopneumonia, salmonellosis and strangles. In this regard, the development of monovaccines and combined immunobiological preparations is becoming an urgent problem. Immunogenicity of infectious vaccines should be enhanced by immunomodulators, especially in the extreme conditions of herd horse breeding. At a time when antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms are a problem, alternative antibacterial agents should be developed: probiotics and bacteriophages. Eight new microbial strains have been isolated, identified, and deposited in all-Russian collections. Sahabaktisubtil probiotic has been developed, which is used to prevent and treat dysbacteriosis, mycotoxicosis, strangles, leptospirosis, decontamination of manure. New effective vaccine preparations and “Yakutskaya Koumissnaya” starter culture have been developed that can be successfully used to increase the productivity of horse breeding in other regions of the Russian Federation and abroad. Scientific and technical documentation was prepared for inactivated vaccine against rhinopneumonia, combined bivalent and trivalent vaccines. The developed immunobiological preparations are protected by 48 patents for invention and can be used in other countries.
43
Pasternak, Marta, Jędrzej Krupiński, Artur Gurgul, and Monika Bugno-Poniewierska. "The Genetic Basis of Piebald Coat Colour in Hucul Horses in the Context of White Markings and Crypto-Tobiano as a Breeding Problem in Poland." Annals of Animal Science 19, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0036.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse the genetic basis of piebald coat colour in Hucul horses and to verify their coat colour in breeding records. Tests were performed with DNA purified from the whole blood samples of 242 Hucul horses with different coat colour patterns. DNA was analysed to identify an inversion in ECA3 (PCR). The results confirmed that the inversion on ECA3 is a direct factor determining piebald (tobiano) colour in the analysed Hucul horses. No inversion was observed in any of the solid coloured horses, but it was present in all the piebald ones. It was also identified in 18% (11 of 61) of the horses from the group of horses qualified in the passport as solid coloured with white markings. In fact, these horses had the tobiano gene that is phenotypically identifiable as crypto-tobiano, which may give the false impression of having white markings and lead to error when describing a horse. This is an important issue, in particular with regard to the breed standard, which eliminates Hucul horses with white markings from breeding.
44
Atwill, Edward R., Hussni O. Mohammed, and Jorge W. Lopez. "Evaluation of travel and use as a risk factor for seropositivity to Ehrlichia risticii in horses of New York state." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.03.272.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective To determine whether mean annual frequency and destination of equine travel was associated with exposure to Ehrlichia risticii and whether these associations were modified by horses’ place of residence. Design Cross-sectional study. Sample Population 511 equine operations containing 2,587 horses were visited in New York state from a target population of 39,000 operations. Procedure Each horse was tested for serum antibodies against E risticii, using indirect fluorescent antibody. Information on the horse's travel history, farm's management practices, and surrounding ecology was obtained by personal interview and resource maps. Statistical analyses were performed on 2 cohorts of animals: all horses enrolled in the study and horses born on the property or that resided at least 4 years on the farm. Three countybased risk regions (RR) were identified by use of cluster analysis. Results Mean seroprevalence for each of the 3 RR was 2.4 (low risk), 8.5 (moderate risk), and 18.5% (high risk) for cohort 1 and 2.5, 8.0, and 18.4% for cohort 2. Among cohorts 1 and 2, pleasure riding and breeding trips were associated with exposure to E risticii, but horse residence (low, moderate, or high RR) was an effect modifier for these associations. Among cohort 1 and stratifying the analysis according to the RR for the travel destination, trail riding at low RR and trail riding at high RR were associated with exposure. Among cohort 2 and stratifying the analysis according to the RR for the travel destination, breeding trips were associated with exposure, and strong effect modification was present for horse residence (low, moderate, or high RR). Conclusions Only certain types of travel to specific RR were associated with higher risk of exposure to E risticii. In many instances, travel was not associated, or was associated, with a reduced risk of exposure.(Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 272-277)
45
Khamiruev, T. N., B. A. Bazhenova, B. Z. Bazaron, S. M. Dashinimaev, B. Ts Budazhanaev, and I. I. Titova. "EXTERIOR AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HORSE MEAT OF THE ULDURGINSKAYA BREED." Вестник ВСГУТУ 93, no. 2 (2024): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53980/24131997_2024_2_19.
Full textAbstract:
The development of horse herd farming with increase in number of meat horses, exclusively adapted to the conditions of year-round grazing, is an urgent problem of animal husbandry. Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding in collaboration with the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding" bred Uldurginskaya horse. They crossbred Buryat horses with stallions of Russian draft horse, Russian trotter and Transbaikalian horse to increase productivity and reproductive qualities of animals. The aim of the present research was to study the exterior and constitutional characteristics and meat productivity of young horses, depending on breed. Experimental studies were conducted in conditions of breeding farms of Agricultural Production Cooperative "Uldurga" and OOO "Domna" (Yeravninskiy district, Republic of Buryatia), the composition of meat raw materials was studied in the laboratory of Center for Collective Use "Progress", ESSUTM. The analysis of exterior and constitutional features of new breed specimen indicates that they differ in strong bones and distinct meat forms, which is confirmed with body mass index. There was significant increase in body weight of young Uldurginskaya breed compared to Buryat one: at 6 months by 51.6 kg, at 18 months by 45.7 kg, at 30 months by 51.9 kg. Studies of chemical composition of muscle tissue have shown higher protein content (by 6.4–9.3 %) in meat of Uldurginskaya breed.
46
Дубровин, Александр, and Aleksandr Dubrovin. "Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative ratio of lineages in broodstock of Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses in the Altai Republic as of 2018." Agrarian Bulletin of the 190, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/article_5dcd861e4a2b21.40634679.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. One of the most important and promising areas of domestic productive horse breeding today is herd meat. It is most sustainable and has a positive trend of development, due to the low-cost technology of keeping, breeding and growing, compared with other sectors of grazing. An analysis of the pedigree structure of herds in the Altai Republic showed that the main role in the herd horse breeding of the region is given to horses of the Novoaltaiskaya breed of meat direction of productivity, the basis of which, like any other factory breed, are brood mares. It is well known and repeatedly confirmed by studies that the hereditary and phenotypic properties of the mother have a great impact on the quality of the offspring of any lineage. The aim of the study was to determine the severity of the uterine composition of Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses of economically useful traits and to identify the most promising and valuable breed lineages in the Altai Republic. Methods. The lineage ratios in the broodstock of horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed in the farms of the region as of 2018 are analyzed. The characteristics of the uterus of various lineages by age and quantity are given. A linear analysis of the indicators of the main economically useful features is carried out. The results of the study showed the superiority of the uterus of the Rekrut and Mech lineages in the main breeding traits – live weight, basic measurements and assessment of conformation. Based on the results of the study, the further direction of breeding work to improve the horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed in the Altai Republic was determined. The scientific novelty of the study is a comparative analysis of the current state of the lineages of the Novoaltaiskaya breed of horses in the context of the broodstock of the Altai Republic.
47
Popescu, Silvana, Eva Lazar, Cristin Borda, Mihaela Niculae, Carmen Sandru, and Marina Spinu. "Welfare Quality of Breeding Horses Under Different Housing Conditions." Animals 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9030081.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the effect of different housing conditions on the welfare quality of breeding horses. Using a welfare protocol that included health and behavioral parameters, 330 stallions (kept in tie-stall housing) and 365 broodmares (kept in extensive, mostly free housing) were assessed. The horses were categorized into four welfare categories (“not classified”, “acceptable”, “enhanced” and “excellent”), according to an individual welfare score calculated for each horse. The prevalence of stallions with dyspnea, tendon and joint swellings, abnormal gait and abnormal hoof horn quality was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the broodmares. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the human-related behavioral response of the two categories of breeding horses. The median individual welfare scores were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the broodmares than in the breeding stallions. The mares had “enhanced” and “excellent” welfare, while the stallions had “acceptable” and “enhanced” welfare. The results revealed differences in the horses’ welfare quality for the different housing conditions. Accordingly, it can be concluded that positive changes in housing management, such as free housing with the use of boxes, could improve the welfare quality of breeding stallions.
48
Denny, David J. B. "Extreme breeding in horses." Veterinary Record 181, no. 17 (October 26, 2017): 458.3–458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.j4910.
Full text
49
Belousova, N. F., S. P. Bass, S. A. Zinovieva, S. I. Sorokin, and N. A. Atnabaeva. "Analysis of polymorphic variants of MSTN, CAST, PRLR genes associations with economically useful qualities of vyatka breed horses." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 1 (June 20, 2023): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.234.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship of polymorphic variants of MSTN, CAST, PRLR genes with working qualities and body types of Vyatka horses was studied. The purpose of the research is to assess the genetic and breeding potential of the Vyatka breed horses, as well as to study the relationship between the MSTN, CAST, PRLR genotypes and the economically useful qualities of horses. The method of DNA extraction from Vyatka horse hair follicles using ExtraGene DNA Prep. was applied. When scanning the mutations in the loci MSTN (n=43), CAST (n=41) and PRLR (n=41), DNA amplification the method of allele-specific PCR was performed. The frequency of alleles and genotypes was calculated using MS Excel 10. As a result of research, the dependence of Vyatka horses working qualities on the frequency of occurrence of myostatin MSTN alleles (g.66493737 T>C) was noted. The horses with a higher occurrence of the MSTN/C allele have more productive movements than the individuals with the T/T genotype typical for aborigines. Vyatka horses with the T/T genotype are more versatile, and also show better results in sledding, while the horses with the T/C genotype are better under saddle. The horses with the T/T genotype have the highest bony index but the lowest massiveness index. The MSTN T/T (0.581) homozygous genotype for the "wild" allele predominates in Vyatka horses. A relation ship between body types and the calpastatin gene (CAST) has been revealed for the first time in horse breeding. The horses with the G/A genotype turned out to be the most massive and bony, the horses with the A/A genotype were lighter, the highest frequency of occurrence of the CAST G/A genotype (0.463) was noted, the CAST G/G genotype is rare in the breed (0.171). A relationship between the frequency of occurrence of prolactin receptor genes (PRLR) and body types of horses was not found. The frequency of occurrence of PRLR C/C (0.366) and PRLR G/C (0.390) genotypes is approximately identical, the PRLR G/G genotype is less common (0.244). The study of genes associated with economically useful qualities in all breeding stallions will enable to conduct more efficient breeding, using the desired genotypes, which is important for small breeds.
50
Kononova, Lydia. "Genealogical characteristics of the horse breeding nucleus of thoroughbred horse breed bred in the Stavropol Territory." Agrarian Bulletin of the 193, no. 2 (March 15, 2020): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-193-2-44-53.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Interest in horse breeding in the Stavropol Territory is not accidental: it is a traditional and historically developed branch of animal husbandry. The priority link of the branch, of course, is pedigree horse breeding. Goal is the analysis of the of thoroughbred horse breed population in the Stavropol Territory on the example of the leading breeding farms. The object of the study were stallions (n = 16) and breeding mares (n = 86) thoroughbred horse breed, bred in breeding farms of the Stavropol Territory (Agricultural Production Enterprise “Svobodnyy trud” LLC, Agricultural Production Enterprise “Novomaryevskoye” LLC, Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Rassvet-Stavropol”). Information sources of research: pedigree horses, scoring, statements of results, catalogs of stallions State stud books of horses of thoroughbred riding breed, data from KONI-3 information retrieval system. Results and scope. Used in breeding farms of Stavropol territory stallions of thoroughbred horse breed are represented by 5 genealogical lines: Northern Dancer, Native Dancer, Nasrullah, Blandford and Man O’War. The number of stallions belonging to the old Phalaris line is 14 heads (87,5 %). One head each (6,25 %) falls on the representative of the Blandford line in Agricultural Production Enterprise “Novomaryevskoye” LLC and the Man O'War line at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Rassvet-Stavropol”. Evaluation of the mares in the nuclear stock thoroughbred riding breed showed that their genealogical structure is represented by 12 lines. It should be noted that 5 lines of Northern Dancer, Native Dancer, Nasrullah, Fairway and Turn-to go back to one ancestor, the line of Phalaris, which accounts for 82,6 % of the total number of breeding mares. The obtained results can be used in further research, the practical work of livestock breeding farmers and individuals engaged in breeding horses of thoroughbred riding breed. The results of the research can be recommended as educational material for students and undergraduates of universities studying in the areas of training zootechnical profile. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, a comparative genealogical and zootechnical characteristization of stallions and mares of the nuclear of thoroughbred horse breed bred in the Stavropol Territory was carried out.