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1
YU, Shujun. "INVESTIGATION OF NATIVE ORNAMENTAL RESOURCES IN MOUNT HUANGSHAN (EASTERN CHINA)." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 681b—681. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.681b.
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The author investigated, recorded, observed and analyzed the major wildflowers in Mount Huangshan---the natural and cultural heritages listed by the ESC0 of UN for the first time. On the basis of their desirable characteristics, more than 300 wild ornamental species are divided into 8 categories -–-historical old trees, rare and endangered species, evergreen ornamentals, blooming trees and shrubs, plants with colored foliage and fruit in fall, vines, herbaceous ornamentals and ground covers, and ornamental ferns. Mount Huangshan is one of the richest regions of native ornamentals in Eastern China and the most famous natural beauty in Pan-China. There are about 1500 wild landscape plants in and around it. Finally the paper puts forth some proposals and methods for introduction and utilization of wild ornamental plants. That is, investigation, classification,acclimatization and cultivation of them, and building a sort-out botanical garden for the germplasmic preservation and the flourishing landscape tourism.
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Saha, Subhrajit K., Laurie E. Trenholm, and J. Bryan Unruh. "Effect of Fertilizer Source on Nitrate Leaching and St. Augustinegrass Turfgrass Quality." HortScience 42, no. 6 (2007): 1478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.6.1478.
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As a result of the coexistence of turfgrass and ornamentals in traditional landscapes, it is often impractical to separate fertilization and irrigation management among species. Furthermore, limited information is available on effects of turfgrass fertilizer on ornamental plants and vice versa. This research studied effects of two quick-release fertilizers (QRF) and one slow-release fertilizer (SRF) on quality and growth of turfgrass and ornamental plants and nutrient leaching. ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt. Kuntze) was compared with a mix of common Florida ornamentals, including canna (Canna generalis L.H. Bailey), nandina (Nandina domestica Thunb.), ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.), and allamanda (Allamanda cathartica L.). All plants were grown in 300-L plastic pots in Arredondo fine sand. Less nitrate (NO3 −) was leached from turfgrass than from ornamentals and more NO3 − leached from QRF 16N–1.7P–6.6K than from SRF 8N–1.7P–9.9K. Quick-release fertilizers produced higher plant quality. This controlled environment research provides preliminary data on which in situ research may be modeled. Further research is required to verify how nutrient release rate affects turfgrass and ornamental quality and nitrate leaching in an urban landscape.
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Beeson, R. C. "Scheduling Woody Plants for Production and Harvest." HortTechnology 1, no. 1 (1991): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.1.1.30.
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Growth characteristics and marketing of woody ornamentals prevent crop scheduling common in floriculture crops. However, many tasks in the production of woody ornamentals require coordination with the season and/or physiological state of the species. Since most woody ornamental nurseries produce many species or cultivars, a variety of tasks occur concurrently. This review highlights the major tasks required during production for most species of woody plants. The physiological and environmental factors that dictate or influence scheduling are discussed.
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Beeson, Richard C. "Modeling Irrigation Requirements for Landscape Ornamentals." HortTechnology 15, no. 1 (2005): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0018.
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In many sectors of agriculture, precision irrigation, applying only what water is needed for a given small area, has become a familiar term. Irrigation in most woody ornamental nurseries, though, has changed little since the 1960s. In many areas of the U.S., irrigation volumes required for nursery production have come under scrutiny due to projected, or real, competition for water with urban populations, or concerns over nursery runoff. Modeling of woody ornamental water use, and subsequent irrigation requirements, has been limited and focused mostly on trees. Previous research for modeling of non-tree water use is reviewed as an introduction to current efforts to develop models for precision irrigation of woody ornamentals. Pitfalls and limitations in current modeling efforts, along with suggestions for standardizing future research is emphasized. The latest model derived from recent research is presented.
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Mitrofanova, Irina Vjacheslavovna, Alexsandr Vladimirovich Zakubanskiy, and Olga Vladimirovna Mitrofanova. "Viruses infecting main ornamental plants: an overview." Ornamental Horticulture 24, no. 2 (2018): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i2.1199.
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Ornamental plants are cultivated for decorative and utility purposes in urban landscapes throughout the world. They are much valued for their aesthetic properties and constitute an important part of the global horticulture industry. Plant viruses and viroids of various taxonomic groups have a significant negative impact on ornamentals provoking a wide range of symptoms, reducing both decorative value and quality of propagated material and causing large economic damage. A significant growth of the ornamental plants market in recent years promotes the spread of viral diseases. Therefore, systematization of data on virus and viroid phytopathogens diversity in these cultures is an urgent research task. Among the most popular ornamentals are chrysanthemum, rose, clematis, canna, and lavender. More than fifty viruses and viroids from 17 different families (including two viroid families) have been identified in these crops to date. In the presented review, we described the variety of these pathogens and their effect on the above-mentioned ornamentals
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Lee, Sang Deok, Soon Jae Kim, Seung Il Jung, Ki-Cheol Son, and Stanley J. Kays. "Diurnal CO2 Assimilation Patterns in Nine Species of CAM-Type Succulent Plants." HortScience 41, no. 6 (2006): 1373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.6.1373.
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CO2 assimilation rate of Crassula hybrid `Himaturi', a succulent ornamental species with the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway, was affected by light intensity (50, 100, 300 μmol·m–2·s–1), photoperiod (16/8, 8/16 h day/night), and temperature (30/25, 25/20 °C day/night). Maximum assimilation of CO2 occurred at 300 μmol·m–2·s–1 of diurnal irradiance, 16/8 h day/night photoperiod, and a day/night temperature of 30/25 °C. Diurnal CO2 assimilation patterns of nine succulent ornamental CAM species were evaluated (300 μmol·m–2 s–1, 35/25 °C day/night and a 16/8-h day/night photoperiod) for CO2 fixation. Of the nine ornamentals, Crassula `Himaturi' had the highest and Echeveria derembergii the lowest maximum CO2 absorption rate (13.0 vs 2.4 μmol kg–1·s–1), total nighttime (179.3 vs 13.4 mmol·kg–1), and 24 h total (200.6 vs 19.0 mmol·kg–1) absorption. Based on the CO2 assimilation patterns, the nine ornamentals were separated into two groups: 1) full CAM (Faucaria tigrina, Gasteria gracilis var. minima, Haworthia cymbiformis, and Haworthia fasciata); and 2) weakly CAM (Adromischus clarifolius, Crassula hybrids `Moonglow' and `Himaturi', E. derembergii, and Haworthia retusa).
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Collins, Kimberly B., Leslie A. Weston, and Robert E. McNiel. "Use of Sulfentrazone (F6285) for Weed Management in Field-grown Ornamentals." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 661e—661. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.661e.
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The nursery industry currently has few options for effective season-long weed control, because few soil persistent herbicides are registered for use in ornamentals. An herbicide that provides season-long weed control with minimal injury to ornamentals would be extremely beneficial because it would enable the nurseryman to produce high-quality ornamentals with minimal weed interference Sulfentrazone (F6285), a newly developed herbicide from the FMC Corp., has shown promising results for weed control in field trials with ornamentals. Additional, trials are needed to further evaluate sulfentrazone in hopes that it may be registered for use in ornamentals in the future. Our objectives are 1) to increase long-term weed management in ornamentals, including woody species and groundcover; 2) to evaluate rate structures of sulfentrazone and combinations, including preemergence and postemergence herbicides; 3) to evaluate sulfentrazone selectivity in weed species and in ornamentals; 4) to evaluate sulfentrazone mode of action in weed species; and 5) to measure the soil activity of sulfentrazone. To achieve the first three objectives, a randomized complete block design will be used to evaluate 10 woody species and 17 herbicide combinations. The response variables will be weed control and phytotoxicity ratings taken at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. The results of this study will be used in ongoing research trials in an attempt to register sulfentrazone (F6285) for use in ornamentals.
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Griffis, John L. "Curriculum Development and Training on Flowers and Ornamental Plant Production Practices in Rural Senegal with Winrock International and the USAID Farmer-to-farmer Program." HortTechnology 30, no. 1 (2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04380-19.
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In most highly developed countries, landscaping and ornamental plants are routine components of the urban environment. However, in many Third World countries, this is not the situation outside of the larger cities. Landscaping and ornamentals are associated with hotels, public parks, offices, government buildings, and wealth; they are not significant commodities in rural settings. However, as urban areas in these countries—such as Senegal—expand and modernize, there is an increased demand for ornamental plants. Senegal’s urban population has almost doubled during the past five decades, increasing from 23% in 1960 to 43% in 2013. New jobs and sources of income are available for individuals who are properly trained in ornamental plant production and maintenance. Senegal has several rural training centers where some courses in agronomy and vegetable production are taught, but ornamental plant production is not included in the curriculum. This U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Farmer-to-Farmer project was conducted at one of those rural training centers at Djilor to introduce ornamental horticulture into the curriculum and to make students aware of ornamental plant production practices and the opportunities available to them if they become involved in a horticulture business.
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Prameela, R., M. Venkaiah, J. Swamy, and J. Prakasarao. "Amaryllids of Andhra Pradesh, India." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (2020): 594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.073.
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Amaryllidaceae plants are collectively called as Amaryllids, majority are ornamentals, beyond beauty they also boon for perfume, vegetables and medicine. They are playing a key role in horticulture as ornamental plants, used for decoration in all kinds of ceremonies and florists often used in bouquets. The present paper deals with 19 species belonging to 10 genera and key to the species, brief description, Flowering and fruiting period, locality, economic importance, photographs etc. were provided.
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Van Huylenbroeck, J., S. Desmet, E. Dhooghe, E. De Keyser, and D. Geelen. "Breeding for compact growing ornamentals." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1237 (April 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1237.1.
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Cappiello, Paul E. "Rhododendron Performance Evaluation in Maine." HortTechnology 3, no. 4 (1993): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.3.4.445.
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For nearly 30 years, the Univ. of Maine has been conducting woody ornamental plant performance evaluations. While there are a number of focus collections under evaluation, the Rhododendron collection is one of the central features of the program. This report offers performance data for more than 100 specimens grown at the Lyle E. Littletield Ornamentals Trial Garden on the campus of the Univ. of Maine. Winter survival, folk disease rating, fall foliage color and effectiveness, and flowering dates are included.
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Milosevic, Snezana, Aleksandar Cingel, and Angelina Subotic. "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of ornamental species: A review." Genetika 47, no. 3 (2015): 1149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1503149m.
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Integration of desirable traits into commercial ornamentals using genetic engineering techniques is a powerful tool in contemporary biotechnology. However, these techniques have had a limited impact in the domain of ornamental horticulture, particularly floriculture. Modifications of the color, architecture or fragrance of the flowers as well as an improvement of the plant tolerance/resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses using plant transformation techniques, is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the application of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, a major plant genetic engineering approach to ornamental plant breeding and the impact it has had to date.
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Donahoo, Ryan S., and Kurt H. Lamour. "Characterization of Phytophthora Species from Leaves of Nursery Woody Ornamentals in Tennessee." HortScience 43, no. 6 (2008): 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1833.
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Species of Phytophthora are ubiquitous in ornamental production resulting in significant crop losses. In Tennessee, national surveys for the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in 2004 and 2005 led to the isolation of Phytophthora species causing disease in nursery-grown or handled woody ornamentals or both. Isolates recovered were identified to species using direct sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and examination of morphological characters. Six known species (P. cactorum, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora, P. tropicalis) and one newly described species (P. foliorum) were recovered from ericaceous hosts. The most common species recovered were P. citricola and P. citrophthora. Genetic analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed intraspecific genotypic diversity as well as isolates with identical AFLP genotypes from multiple locations across multiple years. This work provides evidence for species and genotypic diversity of Phytophthora recovered in Tennessee as well as insight into the movement of individual genotypes in woody ornamental production.
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Santosa, Eko Purwo, Muhammad Firdaus, and Tanti Novianti. "DAYASAING KOMODITAS HORTIKULTURA NEGARA BERKEMBANG DAN NEGARA MAJU DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 5, no. 2 (2018): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.5.2.68-86.
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Horticulture is one of the agricultural sub-sector consisting of vegetables, fruits, biofarmaka mplants (medicinal plants) and floriculture (ornamentals) became one of the commodities subject of international trade, which the demand is increasing in line with increasing household income and growth population. During the period 2005-2014, the average growth value of horticultural exports of developing countries amounted to 69,81 percent higher than the average growth of exports in developed countries as big as 40,78 percent. The global trading of horticulture is faced with price volatility and trade barriers problems. In addition, the increasing demand of these commodities also in line with the increase in household incomes and population growth. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of horticulture commodities in the international market and the factors that influence trade flow. The results of Export Product Dynamic (EPD) show that there are two horticultural export commodity that has dynamic market position in world market, there are bananas (HS.080300) and pineapples (HS.080430). Generally, the panel data analysis results show that prices, trade barriers, population, real GDP per capita, economic distances, and real exchange rates significantly affect export volumes. Keywords: Competitiveness, Exports, Horticulture, Gravity model
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Santosa, Eko Purwo, Muhammad Firdaus, and Tanti Novianti. "DAYASAING KOMODITAS HORTIKULTURA NEGARA BERKEMBANG DAN NEGARA MAJU DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL." JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 5, no. 2 (2018): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.5.2.2016.68-86.
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Horticulture is one of the agricultural sub-sector consisting of vegetables, fruits, biofarmaka mplants (medicinal plants) and floriculture (ornamentals) became one of the commodities subject of international trade, which the demand is increasing in line with increasing household income and growth population. During the period 2005-2014, the average growth value of horticultural exports of developing countries amounted to 69,81 percent higher than the average growth of exports in developed countries as big as 40,78 percent. The global trading of horticulture is faced with price volatility and trade barriers problems. In addition, the increasing demand of these commodities also in line with the increase in household incomes and population growth. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of horticulture commodities in the international market and the factors that influence trade flow. The results of Export Product Dynamic (EPD) show that there are two horticultural export commodity that has dynamic market position in world market, there are bananas (HS.080300) and pineapples (HS.080430). Generally, the panel data analysis results show that prices, trade barriers, population, real GDP per capita, economic distances, and real exchange rates significantly affect export volumes. Keywords: Competitiveness, Exports, Horticulture, Gravity model
16
Saha, Subhrajit K., Laurie E. Trenholm, and J. Bryan Unruh. "Effect of Fertilizer Source on Water Use of St. Augustinegrass and Ornamental Plants." HortScience 40, no. 7 (2005): 2164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2164.
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Due to increasing consumption of water in landscapes and concern over conservation of water resources, this study was conducted to determine the effect of fertilizer source on water consumption of turf and ornamentals and to compare total water use (WU) of st. augustinegrass and ornamentals. The experiment was performed in a climate-controlled greenhouse at the G.C. Horn Turfgrass Field Laboratory at the University of Florida in Gainesville. `Floratam' st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Walt. Kuntze) was compared to a mix of common Florida ornamentals including canna (Canna generalis L.H. Bailey), nandina (Nandina domestica Thunb.), ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.), and allamanda (Allamanda cathartica L.). All plants were grown in 300-L plastic pots in Arredondo fine sand. There were three fertilizer treatments [quick-release fertilizers (QRF) 16–4–8 and 15–0–15, and slow-release fertilizer (SRF) 8–4–12] applied at 4.9 g N/m2 every 60 days. Water was applied as needed to maintain turgor and turfgrass pots were mowed weekly. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Visual quality ratings and time domain reflectometry (TDR) data were collected weekly. Both turf and ornamentals consumed less water and had higher water use efficiency (WUE) when treated with SRF. Ornamentals consumed from 11% to 83% more water than turf, depending on season. These results may have implications in future research on irrigation management to verify WUE between turf and ornamentals in an urban landscape.
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Li, H., D. Zhang, and M. Chappell. "Utilization ofKalmia latifoliaL. germplasm as ornamentals." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1185 (November 2017): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1185.31.
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Dole, J. M., I. F. McCall, and J. Laushman. "Evaluating woody ornamentals as cut flowers." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1288 (August 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1288.2.
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Lauterer, P. "Citrus flatid planthopper – Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Flatidae), a new pest of ornamental horticulture in the Czech Republic." Plant Protection Science 38, No. 4 (2012): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4870-pps.
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In late August of 2001 a population of Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) consisting of several dozens of adults and larvae was observed in a nursery of ornamentals at Brno-Bystrc. The species occurred mostly on young twigs of cultivars of Thuja occidentalis L., Juniperus communis L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. but also Lilium spp. and singly on other various wood and herbal ornamental plants. The damage was rather of an aesthetic kind: young twigs were covered by 5–10 cm long spots of waxy fluff produced by the larvae. The pest is native to North America and was introduced in the late 1970’s to Italy, from where it spread to southern France, Slovenia and southern Austria. The Brno population might have been imported, in the egg stage, on ornamental shrubs from Italy. The polyphagous pest is very common in Southern Europe, causing damage especially on fruit trees by the secretion of honeydew that, being colonised by Capnodiaceae moulds, inhibits the transpiration. The species could stay permanently in theCzechRepublic or could be repeatedly imported again.
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Widrlechner, Mark P. "Demand for Herbaceous Ornamental Germplasm from the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 650f—650. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.650f.
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In 1991, the USDA–ARS North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station made available for distribution 129 accessions of germplasm representing 31 genera of herbaceous ornamentals. This number increased to 329 accessions of 42 genera by 1995. During 1991–95, more than 500 seed packets were distributed to fulfill requests for these plants received from a diverse array of public and private researchers. An analysis of this demand together with expert advice from Crop Germplasm Committees and technical considerations, such as ease of culture and seed production, can help set priorities to plan germplasm regeneration to meet future demand. A recent analysis of demand at U.S. National Plant Germplasm System active sites indicated that demand ranging between 0.23 and 0.97 distributions per available accession per year was typical. Of the 42 ornamental genera analyzed in this study, 9 were demanded more frequently than was typical, 10 were demanded less frequently, with the remainder in the typical range. In order of increasing frequency, the nine genera with the highest distribution rates were Verbena, Gypsophila, Echinacea, Lapeirousia, Delphinium, Cerastium, Baptisia, Lilium, and Tanacetum. Six of these genera are represented only by a single available accession. Notably, Echinacea and Tanacetum are of research interest both as ornamentals and as medicinal/industrial crops. This poster gives a brief overview of the economic value of these genera, display the results of the demand analysis, discuss the results relative to recommendations from Crop Germplasm Committees and requestors, and consider how demand can shape management plans for the acquisition and regeneration of ornamental germplasm.
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Rogers, Owen M. "LILACS AND OTHER WOODY ORNAMENTAL FOR ALL SEASONS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1177b—1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1177b.
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Current lilac breeding programs at the University of New Hampshire focus on the later (June) blooming species of Syringa with goals of extending the season of bloom selecting slower growing forms and developing lines with double flowers. Progress toward these goals and others, e.g., true dwarfs, will be discussed and illustrated.Every university in the northeast includes woody ornamentals in its program to some degree. The University of New Hampshire is an official test site for ornamental from NE-9 and NC-7 germplasm programs and the National Arboretum's new introduction program. The value of these programs and their future direction will be discussed.
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Anderson, Neil O., and Richard T. Olsen. "A Vast Array of Beauty: The Accomplishments of the Father of American Ornamental Breeding, Luther Burbank." HortScience 50, no. 2 (2015): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.161.
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Luther Burbank (1849–1926) was a prolific ornamental plant breeder, who worked with 91 genera of ornamentals, from Abutilon to Zinnia, and released nearly 1000 cultivars to the industry. His innovative work included both herbaceous and woody plant materials as well as ornamental vegetables such as corn, tomatoes, and spineless cacti. His most popular ornamental release, the shasta daisy hybrids—first released in 1901, is still on the global market. This article focuses on Luther Burbank’s breeding techniques with ornamental plants and how both the germplasms that he developed and his methodologies used permeate modern flower breeding. Genera with the highest number of cultivars bred and released by Burbank include Amaryllis, Hippeastrum, and Crinum followed by Lilium, Hemerocallis, Watsonia, Papaver, Gladiolus, Dahlia, and Rosa. With Lilium, he pioneered breeding the North American native lily species, particularly those from the Pacific coastal region, producing the eponymous Lilium ×burbankii. Burbank’s breeding enterprise was designed to be self-sustaining based on profits from selling the entire product line of a new cultivar or crop only to wholesale firms, who then held exclusives for propagation and selling, although financial hardships necessitated selling retail occasionally. Entire lots of selected seedlings were sold to the highest bidder with Burbank setting the price in his annual catalogs such as the Burbank Hybrid Lilies lot for U.S. $250,000 or some of the “very handsome, hardy ones” for U.S. $250 to U.S. $10,000 each. Other flower cultivars also commanded high prices such as seedling Giant Amaryllis that sold for U.S. $1.55/bulb in 1909. Cacti were another area of emphasis (he released more than 63 cultivars) from the spineless fruiting and forage types (Opuntia ficus-indica, O. tuna, O. vulgaris) to flowering ornamentals such as O. basilaris, Cereus chilensis, and Echinopsis mulleri. Interest in cacti during 1909–15 rivaled the Dutch Tulip mania with exorbitant fees for a single “slab” of a cultivar, speculative investments, controversy with noted cacti specialists (particularly David Griffiths), and lawsuits by The Burbank Company. Although most cultivars have been lost, Burbank’s reputation as the Father of American Ornamental Breeding remains admirable from critics and devotees alike.
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Stommel, John R., and Robert J. Griesbach. "072 New Pepper Germplasm for Ornamental and Ornamental/Culinary Applications." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 401A—401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.401a.
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Ornamental peppers are a novel and growing segment of the ornamentals industry. Currently available varieties are utilized as pot plants and in bedding plant applications. Utilizing unimproved populations developed from initial crosses with Indian Capsicum land races, germplasm lines with unique gene combinations for multiple fruiting, fruit orientation, leaf pigmentation and leaf variegation were developed and released by USDA-ARS. Via introgression of diverse Capsicum species accessions and heirloom varieties into these populations, more recent efforts seek to exploit abundant genetic variation for fruit shape, size, color and pungency, foliar attributes, and plant growth habit to develop new pepper germplasm for ornamental and dual ornamental/culinary applications. Fruit pungency of selected material may range from mild to extremely pungent. Fruit shape may be round, conical, or lobed. Whereas small fruit size is generally well suited for ornamental applications, ornamental/culinary types exploit larger upright conical or small bell-shaped fruit. Plant foliage may be uniformly green in color, exhibit varying degrees of anthocyanin accumulation, or display variegation. Inheritance of selected attributes, potential barriers to development of select recombinants, and examples of representative advanced selections in the breeding program will be presented.
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Broschat, Timothy K. "1032 EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZATION METHODS ON ORNAMENTALS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 576c—576. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.576c.
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Spathiphyllum Schott. 'Mauna Loa Supreme' grown for 6 months in a fine sand soil or a 5 pine bark: 4 sedge peat: 1 sand medium (by volume) were fertilized with 7.6g N, 1.4g P, and 4.5g K/3.5-liter container by 4 different methods. The same raw fertilizer prills (21N-3P-12K) were applied weekly as a liquid, monthly as soluble granules, bimonthly as a lightly resin-coated fertilizer (Osmocote), or every 6 months as a heavily resin-coated fertilizer. All leachates were collected and were measured and analyzed weekly for N O3, PO4, and K. Spathiphyllum grew best in the sand soil with either of the controlled release formula- tions, but fertilization method had no effect on growth in the potting medium. Nitrate and K leaching losses from the potting medium were lowest from the controlled release fertilizers and highest from the soluble granules. Liquid fertilization resulted in the highest amounts of PO4 lost to leaching and controlled release fertilizers the least. In the fine sand soil, NO3 leaching was equivalent from all methods. Soluble granules had the highest levels of leached K and PO4 and the lightly-coated fertilizer lost the least due to leaching.
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Sottile, Francesco, Maria Beatrice Del Signore, and Ettore Barone. "Ornacitrus: Citrus plants (Citrus spp.) as ornamentals." Folia Horticulturae 31, no. 2 (2019): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2019-0018.
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AbstractThe industrial production of citrus plants for ornamental use (ornacitrus) began in Italy at the end of the 1960s due to the need for many citrus nurseries to adapt their activities in a time of crisis for citriculture. Nowadays, the ornamental citrus nursery sector is a well-established industry in many European countries such as Portugal, Spain, Greece, and southern Italy. In Italy, nursery production of ornamental citrus plants has become prominent due to the gradual shutdown of many commercial citrus orchards. Currently, Italy maintains its leadership with more than 5.5 million ornacitrus plants produced annually. Ornamental citrus production regards mainly different cultivars of Citrus and Fortunella species, with lemon as the lead species. In this paper, the contribution of breeding and cultural techniques to the innovation of the sector is reported and discussed. This review aims to give an updated scientific and technical description of a sector with large competitive potential that remains still largely unexplored, pointing out its strengths and weaknesses.
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Hochmuth, G. J., S. J. Locascio, T. E. Crocker, C. D. Stanley, G. A. Clark, and L. R. Parsons. "Impact of Microirrigation on Florida Horticulture." HortTechnology 3, no. 2 (1993): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.3.2.223.
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The Florida horticulture industry (vegetables, ornamentals, citrus, and deciduous fruit), valued at $4.5 billion, has widely adopted microirrigation techniques to use water and fertilizer more efficiently. A broad array of microirrigation systems is available, and benefits of microirrigation go beyond water conservation. The potential for more-efficient agricultural chemical (pesticides and fertilizer) application is especially important in today's environmentally conscious society. Microirrigation is a tool providing growers with the power to better manage costly inputs, minimize environmental impact, and still produce high-quality products at a profit.
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Lercari, G. "Certification of ornamentals." EPPO Bulletin 31, no. 3 (2001): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2001.tb01014.x.
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Bush, Edward, Ann L. Gray, Virginia Thaxton, and Allen Owings. "The Effect of Prodiamine on Growth of Containerized Woody Ornamentals." HortScience 35, no. 4 (2000): 554B—554a. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.554b.
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Previous research has shown the effectiveness of prodiamine (FactorÆ)as a preemergent herbicide. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy and phytotoxicity of prodiamine applied to several woody ornamental and weed species. Phytotoxicity effects were evaluated on eight ornamental species: azalea (Rhododendron indicum `Mrs. G.G. Gerbing'), dwarf yaupon (Ilex vomitoria `Nana'), dwarf mondograss (Ophiopogon japonicus `Nana'), ixora (Ixora coccinea), lantana (Lantana camara `New Gold'), Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana), weeping fig (Ficus benjamina), and daylily (Hemerocallis fulva). Preemergent herbicide treatments (control-nontreated, 2 lbs aia Factor®, and 4 lbs aia Factor®) were applied to ornamentals twice during the experiment at twelve week intervals. There was a reduction in top dry weight for azalea and dwarf mondograss for both 2 and 4 lbs aia treatments. No significant growth reductions were measured for daylily, dwarf yaupon, ixora, lantana, live oak, and weeping fig. The efficacy experiment consisted of four weed species: barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgali), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), coffeeweed (Sesbania exaltata), and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and five preemergence herbicide treatments (control-nontreated, control-Rout® at 100 lbs/A, Factor® 1 lb aia, Factor® 2 lbs aia, and a tank mixture of Factor® 1 lb aia plus Gallery® 1 lb aia) applied to bark-filled containers. Twenty-five weed seeds of each species were broadcast over each container following herbicide applications. The high rate of Factor®, Rout®, and the combination of Factor®+Gallery® significantly reduced weed dry weight compared to the control. All preemergence herbicides significantly reduced weed counts and height in a similar manner.
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Hubbard, Joanna, and Ted Whitwell. "TOLERANCE OF ORNAMENTAL GRASSES TO POSTEMERGENCE GRASS HERBICIDES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1104G—1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1104.
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Ornamental grasses are popular landscape plants and often encounter turf encroachment or other grass weed problems. Several postemergence grass herbicides are available for use in turf and ornamentals and herbicide tolerance information is needed for ornamental grass species. Fifteen ornamental grasses including species from the genera Calamagrostis, Cortaderia, Eragrostis, Erianthus, Miscanthus, Sorghastrum, Spartina, Panicum and Pennisetum were field planted in Clemson, SC in May 1989 and Festuca species in November, 1989. Herbicide treatments were fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-P and sethoxydim at 0.4 kg a.i.·ha-1 applied 4 weeks after planting and an untreated control. Height and injury evaluations were taken at weekly intervals and plants were harvested 10 weeks after treatment. Fenoxaprop-ethyl treated Calamagrostis and Festuca species treated with all herbicides were the only treatments that were the same as untreated controls in terms of % injury, height and dry weight. Three ornamental Calamagrostis species were evaluated in a greenhouse study to determine the level of tolerance to fenoxaprop-ethyl at 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 kg a.i.·ha-1. No visual injury symptoms were seen on any treatments as compared to untreated controls but growth rates of the youngest leaves did vary among species shortly after treatment.
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Hubbard, Joanna, and Ted Whitwell. "TOLERANCE OF ORNAMENTAL GRASSES TO POSTEMERGENCE GRASS HERBICIDES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1104g—1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1104g.
Full textAbstract:
Ornamental grasses are popular landscape plants and often encounter turf encroachment or other grass weed problems. Several postemergence grass herbicides are available for use in turf and ornamentals and herbicide tolerance information is needed for ornamental grass species. Fifteen ornamental grasses including species from the genera Calamagrostis, Cortaderia, Eragrostis, Erianthus, Miscanthus, Sorghastrum, Spartina, Panicum and Pennisetum were field planted in Clemson, SC in May 1989 and Festuca species in November, 1989. Herbicide treatments were fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-P and sethoxydim at 0.4 kg a.i.·ha-1 applied 4 weeks after planting and an untreated control. Height and injury evaluations were taken at weekly intervals and plants were harvested 10 weeks after treatment. Fenoxaprop-ethyl treated Calamagrostis and Festuca species treated with all herbicides were the only treatments that were the same as untreated controls in terms of % injury, height and dry weight. Three ornamental Calamagrostis species were evaluated in a greenhouse study to determine the level of tolerance to fenoxaprop-ethyl at 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 kg a.i.·ha-1. No visual injury symptoms were seen on any treatments as compared to untreated controls but growth rates of the youngest leaves did vary among species shortly after treatment.
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Larcher, Federica, and Valentina Scariot. "Assessment of Partial Peat Substitutes for the Production of Camellia japonica." HortScience 44, no. 2 (2009): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.2.312.
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Peat is widely used for container plant production. As a result of its high costs, decreasing availability, and environmental concerns, alternative substrates for potting ornamentals are needed. In the present study, five peat substitute materials (local green compost, pumice, coconut fibers, coconut “peat,” and pine bark) were evaluated to assess their suitability for containerized acidophilus ornamental plant production. Camellia was chosen as the indicator crop and, to verify the influence of genotype on cultivation response, three different cultivars were used. The main physical, chemical, and biological properties of the substrates were determined before and at the end of the culture and were in general within the acceptable ranges. Except for the negative effect of green compost, during the cultivation period (2 years), the alternative materials did not affect or slightly improved the plant development and the ornamental characteristics compared with the standard substrate. Among the materials tested, considering both technical and economical factors, coconut fibers were a good partial peat substitute for potted camellia production.
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Powell, MA. "Networking with Industry for Professional Certification." HortScience 32, no. 4 (1997): 591D—591. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.591d.
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The North Carolina Landscape Contractors Association and the North Carolina Association of Nurserymen have cooperated with the NCSU Horticulture Department Extension Landscape Specialist in providing study resources, a demonstration garden, training seminars, and workshops to the landscape and nursery industry. The Certified Plant Professional Program certifies nursery and garden center employees on plant identification and ornamental plant care. Over 350 woody ornamentals, herbaceous perennials, and annuals are in the study guide. A total of 893 folks have been certified since the program began in 1986. County agents teach classes on a regional level. Three tests are given annually. The Certified Landscape Technician's exam is given annually, after many workshops and training sessions are offered. The professional standards of the industry are being improved by the results of the networking with the industry associations.
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Rose, Mary Ann. "Nutrient use patterns in woody perennials: implications for increasing fertilizer efficiency in field-grown and landscape ornamentals." HortTechnology 9, no. 4 (1999): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.4.613.
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Timing nutrient application to periods of high nutrient demand could increase nutrient use efficiency and reduce the potential for fertilizer leaching or runoff. However, current recommendations for field nursery and landscape ornamentals (extension publications) suggest fertilizing in late fall and early spring despite research with perennial fruit crops that demonstrates low uptake potential during those times. Research is needed to resolve this apparent conflict. Application rates for woody ornamentals, established in the 1960s and 1970s, also need reexamination in the light of environmental concerns.
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Henry, Josh B., Ingram McCall, Brian Jackson, and Brian E. Whipker. "Growth Response of Herbaceous Ornamentals to Phosphorus Fertilization." HortScience 52, no. 10 (2017): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12256-17.
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A series of experiments investigated the effects of increasing phosphate–phosphorus (P) concentrations on the growth and development of four horticultural species. In experiment 1, petunia [Petunia atkinsiana (Sweet) D. Don ex W.H. Baxter] plants were grown using eight P concentrations, and we found that the upper bound for plant growth was at 8.72–9.08 mg·L−1 P, whereas concentrations ≤2.5 mg·L−1 P caused P deficiency symptoms. Experiment 2 investigated P growth response in two cultivars each of New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull) and vinca [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don]. Growth for these plants was maximized with 6.43–12.42 mg·L−1 P. In experiment 3, ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Tango Red’) were given an initial concentration of P for 6 weeks and then switched to 0 mg·L−1 P to observe whether plants could be supplied with sufficient levels of P, and finished without P to keep them compact. Plants switched to restricted P began developing P deficiency symptoms within 3 weeks; however, restricting P successfully limited plant growth. These experiments indicated that current P fertilization regimens exceed the P requirements of these bedding plants, and depending on species, concentrations of 5–15 mg·L−1 P maximize growth.
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Moore, James N., Roy C. Rom, Stanley A. Brown, and Gerald L. Klingaman. "FOUR ORNAMENTALS RELEASED FROM ARKANSAS PEACH BREEDING PROGRAM." HortScience 28, no. 4 (1993): 272F—272. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.272f.
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Three ornamental peaches and one ornamental nectarine were released in 1992 from the Arkansas peach breeding program. `Tom Thumb' is a red-leaf dwarf peach with attractive foliage that is retained throughout summer. `Leprechaun' is a green-leaf dwarf nectarine with small but attractive, freestone fruits. `Crimson Cascade' and `Pink Cascade' are red-leaf peaches with trees of standard size that exhibit a weeping growth habit. `Crimson Cascade' produces double flowers that are dark red while `Pink Cascade' double flowers are pink. The attractive plants of these cultivars should be of value in home landscapes.
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Devereaux, Diana, and Raul I. Cabrera. "Nitrogen Fertilizer-use Efficiency in Two Woody Ornamentals." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 859D—859. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.859d.
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High levels of N are often used to produce a vigorous plant that is also aesthetically pleasing to the purchaser. Environmental concerns with the overuse of N raise the need to find the minimum N requirements necessary to produce a salable plant. Ilex opaca and Lagerstroemia indica plants growing in 1.5-gal containers were irrigated with nutrient solutions containing N concentrations of: 15, 30, 60, 120, 210, and 300 mg N/liter. After 4 months, data indicate that using solutions >60 mg N/liter for both plant species results in leachates with N concentrations higher than those in the applied solutions. Nitrogen leaching losses increased with applied N, ranging from ≈15% to 50% for the low and high treatments, respectively. Chlorophyll readings of leaf tissue were not significantly different for plants of both species receiving N solutions higher than 60 mg·liter–1. These results indicate that N levels lower than those typically used for production of these woody ornamentals will still produce salable plants while increasing N fertilizer-use efficiency.
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Hicklenton, Peter R., and Kenneth G. Cairns. "Evaluation of Four Irrigation Systems for Containerized Ornamentals." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 895D—895. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.895d.
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Containerized Cotoneaster dammeri `Coral Beauty' and Forsythia `Northern Gold' were grown in a 2 bark: 1 peat: 1 sand (by volume) medium containing 5 kg·m–3 Nutricote 16N–4.4P–8.1K, Type 140, under four irrigation regimes: drip (DR; 20 min/day; two periods), overhead (OV; 90 min/day; two periods), overhead pulse (OP; 28 min/day; four periods), and subirrigation (SU). Volumes of 0.33, 0.35, and 0.14 liters·day–1 were delivered to each container in the DR, OV, and OP systems, respectively. SU was supplied from a geotextile-covered sand bed. End-of-season dry weights of Cotoneaster and Forsythia were 41% and 55% greater, respectively, in SU-grown plants compared to their OV-irrigated counterparts. Differences in growth between the other three regimes were minor for both species. Pre-dawn and dusk water potentials did not differ between plants in the four regimes, but midday potentials were slightly lower in SU- and DI-irrigated plants. End-of-season foliar N and P content differed only slightly between irrigation treatments, but K levels were significantly higher in SU plants. The reasons for better growth under SU remain obscure but may be related to improved medium nutrient retention and improved fertilizer use efficiency under an irrigation regime in which water moves upwards from the pot base to top.
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Smulders, M. J. M., P. M. Bourke, G. Tumino, R. E. Voorrips, C. Maliepaard, and P. Arens. "Using molecular markers in breeding: ornamentals catch up." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1283 (June 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1283.8.
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Reichert, Nancy A., and Brian S. Baldwin. "POTENTIAL FOR HIBISCUS CANNABINUS IMPROVEMENT VIA SOMACLONAL VARIATION." HortScience 30, no. 3 (1995): 435c—435. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.435c.
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Adventitious regeneration protocols were developed for kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) using leaf tissue. Regenerants (R0) of three cultivars and R1 progeny from one cultivar were grown in greenhouse and field trials for assessment of various growth characteristics. R0 regenerants differed from control plants in the variety of stem colors displayed. On germination, a proportion of R1 seedlings were chlorophyll-deficient (albinos), whereas no control seedlings contained that mutation. Flowering date also was earlier in the R1 plants. The kenaf regeneration protocol also has been successful on H. syriacus (Althea, rose of Sharon), and other ornamental species are currently being evaluated. With kenaf data, the adventitious regeneration protocol potentially could be a useful tool for inducing mutations in various species of Hibiscus, including ornamentals.
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Boydston, Rick A., Harold P. Collins, and Steven F. Vaughn. "Response of Weeds and Ornamental Plants to Potting Soil Amended with Dried Distillers Grains." HortScience 43, no. 1 (2008): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.1.191.
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This research evaluated the use of dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) as a soil amendment to suppress weeds in container-grown ornamentals. DDGS is a byproduct of ethanol produced from corn, and developing new uses for DDGS could increase the profitability of ethanol production. Adding DDGS to a commercial pine bark potting mix reduced emergence and growth of common chickweed (Stellaria media) at concentrations of 5% (by weight) or greater and annual bluegrass (Poa annua) at concentrations of 10% (by weight) or more. Herbicidal activity of DDGS was maintained in methanol-extracted DDGS. Rosa hybrid ‘Red Sunblaze’, Phlox paniculata ‘Franz Schubert’, and Coreopsis auriculata ‘Nana’ transplanted into potting soil amended with 20% by weight DDGS were severely stunted and nearly all plants died. Plants survived when transplanted into potting soil containing 10% DDGS by weight, but growth was greatly stunted and flowering of rose and coreopsis was reduced. Addition of 20% DDGS decreased the C:N ratio from 90:1 to 24:1 for the potting mix and from 23:1 to 10:1 for a soil. The decrease in C:N ratio resulted in a twofold increase in microbial respiration at 3 d and 14 d of incubation for both the potting mix and soil. As a result of the phytotoxicity observed on ornamentals transplanted into DDGS-amended potting soil, subsequent studies evaluated surface-applied DDGS to suppress weeds. DDGS applied at 400 g·m−2 or less to the soil surface at transplanting did not reduce emergence or growth of common chickweed or annual bluegrass. DDGS applied at 800 and 1600 g·m−2 to the surface of transplanted ornamentals reduced number of annual bluegrass by 40% and 57% and common chickweed by 33% and 58%, respectively, without injury to transplanted ornamentals. DDGS may be useful for reducing weed emergence and growth in container-grown ornamentals applied to the soil surface at transplanting.
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Thaxton, Virginia, Ed Bush, Ann Gray, and Paul Wilson. "423 Tensiometer-controlled Irrigation in Large Container-grown Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 466B—466. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.466b.
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Proper irrigation practices are important in the production of container-grown woody ornamentals. When choosing irrigation methods, nurserymen must attempt to maximize production and comply with public policies mandating decreased water usage and runoff. One of these methods schedules irrigation based on plant demand, using tensiometers to measure matric potential of the substrate. While tensiometers have been used successfully with agronomic crops in the field, their effectiveness in irrigation management of large container-grown woody ornamentals has not been extensively tested. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four irrigation treatments (7 cb tensiometer setting, 14 cb tensiometer setting, 1 time a day application, 4 times a day application) on the production of the ornamental tree Bald Cypress over a 9-month period. Growth differed significantly among treatments. The highest growth index was observed in the 4 times a day and the 7 cb tensiometer treatments, followed by the 1 time a day and 14 cb treatments, respectively. Effluent and leachate (pH, EC, N, P, K) were also measured. Percent effluent volume was highly variable, with maximum volume occurring in June for the 7 cb setting (82%) and in October for the 1 time a day treatment (47%). Higher pH values (7.0 to 8.0) initially occurred in the timed irrigation treatments and higher EC values (2.0–6.0 mmhos) were found in tensiometer treatments; over time, differences among treatments decreased for both variables. Substrate concentrations of N, P and K varied significantly among treatments, while no significant differences were found in the leaf tissue analysis.
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Leonhardt, Kenneth W. "Polyploidy as a Management Strategy for Invasive Species." HortTechnology 29, no. 5 (2019): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04324-19.
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Most invasive species are prolific seed-producing landscape ornamental plants that have been introduced to non-native habitats with limited or no natural controls on their reproduction and spread. Techniques for converting prolific seed-producing landscape ornamentals into sterile or nearly sterile forms are available. Oryzalin and colchicine have been used to double chromosomes, resulting in autotetraploids with reduced fertility and potential parent plants of sterile triploids. Guard cell measurements and flow cytometry have been used to determine ploidy conversion and identify polyploids. Complete sterility has been achieved in three species of shower trees (Cassia sp.), and up to a 95% reduction in seed production has been achieved in royal poinciana (Delonix regia) and african tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata). Monkey pod (Albizia saman) crosses have produced triploid progeny to evaluate for sterility.
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Pope, Torin O., and Caula A. Beyl. "Agrobacterium rhizogenes Influences in Vitro Morphogenesis in Stem Segments of Woody Plants." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 913E—913. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.913e.
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Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a valuable new tool for inducing adventitious roots in difficult-to-root ornamentals To evaluate species and strain interactions, three ornamental species were chosen: Hydrangea quercifolia, Pyrus calleryana, and Photinia × fraserii. Terminal shoots (2.5 cm long) were collected at bud swelling and then immersed in bleach (20% v/v) for 10 min with stirring. They were rinsed three times in sterile distilled water and cultured individually in test tubes containing 15 ml of Murashige and Skoog medium. After 3 weeks, the uncontaminated shoots were divided into five groups: four strains of A. rhizogenes and a control. There was a significant effect of strain and species in the production of callus and organs from the shoot tips. The presence of strain by host interaction was observed In the morphogenic response of explants.
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Sarmiento, Mauricio José, Jeff S. Kuehny, Carl Motsenbocker, and David Picha. "413 Development of a Tropical Horticulture Course on CD-ROM." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 464C—464. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.464c.
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Tropical horticulture is a senior-level course in most horticulture curricula. A combination of notes, slides, and hands-on demonstration with tropical crop products is the traditional presentation format for this course. Our project integrated computer-based learning models in a comprehensive courseware package suitable for teaching an entire undergraduate tropical horticulture course covering 14 crops from the areas of fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and floriculture. The user-friendly multimedia course includes hypertext class notes, animated graphics, videos, and pictures. The CD-ROM will be available and will be tested by students registered in the tropical horticulture class in Louisiana State Univ. and will also be translated to Spanish.
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Schrader, James A., Christopher J. Currey, Nicholas J. Flax, David Grewell, and William R. Graves. "Effectiveness of Biopolymer Horticultural Products for Production and Postproduction Nutrient Provision of Garden and Bedding Crops and Container Ornamentals." HortTechnology 28, no. 3 (2018): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03992-18.
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We evaluated emerging biopolymer horticultural products that provide fertilizer nutrients to plants (fertilizing biocontainers, pelletized biopolymer fertilizer, and biopolymer fertilizer spikes) for their effectiveness during greenhouse production and garden growth of floriculture crops, and during postproduction culture of container ornamentals. Greenhouse experiments (in 4.5-inch containers) and garden trials were performed with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and marigold (Tagetes patula). Postproduction experiments were performed with 12-inch hanging baskets containing lobelia (Lobelia erinus), trailing petunia (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), and petunia, and with 13-inch patio planters containing zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum), spikes (Cordyline indivisa), bidens (Bidens ferulifolia), and trailing petunia. Although slightly less effective than synthetic controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), all three nutrient-containing biopolymer horticultural products were sufficient and suitable for providing fertilizer nutrients to plants grown in containers and in garden soil. Results of the postproduction experiment provided proof-of-concept for the effectiveness and potential of biopolymer fertilizer spikes as a sustainable method for providing fertilizer nutrients to containerized plants. The current formulation of pelletized biopolymer fertilizer was somewhat more effective for vegetable crops (pepper and tomato) than for floriculture crops (marigold and petunia). For plants produced in 4.5-inch containers, the combination of the fertilizing biocontainer with no additional fertilizer in the greenhouse, then burying the fertilizing container beneath the plant to degrade and provide nutrients in the garden was very effective. Biopolymer horticultural products represent a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastic containers and synthetic fertilizers. Adoption of some or all of these technologies could improve the environmental sustainability of the horticulture industry without reducing productivity or efficiency, and without increasing labor intensity.
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Donselman, Henry M. "BREEDING STRATEGIES AND METHODS FOR FOLIAGE AND FLOWERING ORNAMENTALS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 699a—699. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.699a.
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Tissue culture labs based in countries with high labor costs are becoming more dependent on proprietary plants. This has increased the necessity of high profile plant breeding programs. Foliage and flowering plant breeding programs have evolved rapidly to take advantage of the benefits associated with tissue culture labs. Breeding strategies and methods will be discussed on existing flowering and foliage programs for Anthuriums, Euphorbia, Aloe, Spathiphyllum, Homalomena, and Dieffenbachia. Embryo rescue in the lab has increased the survival of wide crosses from different species within a genera. Rapid multiplication of selected clones has increased the efficiency of screening for disease and insect resistance in the selection of new cultivars. Marketing, along with improved horticultural characteristics, determine the success of new releases.
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Moore, Kimberly, Charles Wajsbrot, Cristina Burgart, and Luci Fisher. "A Test Method to Evaluate Salt Tolerance of Ornamentals." HortTechnology 29, no. 4 (2019): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04365-19.
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Because salts in irrigation water decrease plant growth, we wanted to develop a quick and easy method for evaluating salt tolerance that could be used in the greenhouse. Using plastic containers with lids, sea salt, and rooted cuttings, we monitored changes in plant quality, growth, and leaf water potential as electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium (Na) levels increased. In the first of two experiments, we compared sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tilliaceus) leaf water potential and plant quality in solutions with an EC of 0, 2.1, 4.2, 6.1, or 8.2 dS·m−1 (0, 240, 420, 610, or 1010 mg·L−1 Na). After 14 days, sea hibiscus quality in solutions with an EC of 6.1 or 8.2 dS·m−1 was less than plants in solutions of 0, 2.1, or 4.2 dS·m−1. There was no difference in quality among plants in 0, 2.1, or 4.2 dS·m−1 solutions. To test this method, in Expt. 2, we compared coleus (Coleus ×hybridus), copperleaf (Acalypha wilkesiana), ficus (Ficus benjamina), jasmine (Jasminium multiflorum), and plumbago (Plumbago auriculata) plant quality and growth in solutions with an EC of 0, 1.3, 2.1, 4.2, 5.6, or 6.1 dS·m−1 (0, 170, 240, 420, 520, or 610 mg·L−1 Na). Coleus quality declined at an EC greater than 1.3 dS·m−1, whereas jasmine and plumbago quality declined at an EC greater than 2.1 dS·m−1 Copperleaf and ficus declined at an EC greater than 4.2 dS·m−1. Plant response did vary with low to medium salt-tolerant plants tolerating at an EC up to 1.3 and 170 mg·L−1 Na, whereas plants with a greater salt tolerance tolerated at EC and Na values up to 4.2 dS·m−1 and 420 mg·m−1 Na, respectively. The use of this method benefits growers by determining upper EC and Na limits when faced with poor-quality water resulting from saltwater intrusion or when using reclaimed wastewater with greater EC and Na levels.
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Biernacka, Barbara, and Mary Ann Rose. "Seasonal Patterns of Nitrogen Use in Three Woody Ornamentals." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 673e—673. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.673e.
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Seasonal patterns of N uptake and allocation in Buxus microphylla, Acer × freemanii and Fothergilla gardenii were investigated for improving fertilization strategies. Rooted cuttings were planted to 3.5-L containers 25 May 1995. Plants were drip-irrigated on an as-needed basis with N at 50, 100, or 200 mg·L–1 solutions. Leaves, stems, and roots were destructively harvested every 6 weeks, starting 24 June. Net changes in dry weight and N uptake were determined for each of four, 6-week periods. Increasing N rate increased tissue N concentration in all species, and reduced root: shoot ratios in Acer and Fothergilla. Dry weights of Acer increased with N rate; whereas other species gave no positive response in dry weight beyond N at 100 mg·L–1. Nitrogen at the 200-mg·L–1 rate caused severe injury to Fothergilla. Nitrogen uptake of the deciduous species increased in the first three periods, with greatest N uptake between 1 Sept. and 12 Oct. Greatest N uptake in Buxus occurred between 15 July and 1 Sept. Total N content in Buxus increased between 15 Oct. an 1 Dec. with a large proportion of N appearing to shift from leaf to stem tissue. In the other species, leaf abscission caused a net reduction in total N contents in the 100 and 200 mg·L–1 rates, although stem and root N contents increased. Increasing N rate in Acer delayed fall coloration but hastened leaf abscission. End-of-season N recovery (N taken up/N applied) was extremely low, and decreased with increasing rate of N. Acer had the highest recoveries (4.1%, 2.6%, and 2.0%) for low, medium, and high fertilizer rates, followed by Buxus (2.6%, 2.2%, 1.0%) and Fothergilla (1.7%, 1.8%, 0.4%).
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Del Carmen Libran*, Maria, Dania Rivera, and Lizzette Gonzalez. "Evaluation of Growth Parameters of Anthurium andreanum Plants Grown in Mixes with Municipal Solid Waste Compost." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 769C—769. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.769c.
Full textAbstract:
In Puerto Rico, the ornamental crop production is one of the most important agricultural enterprises. The growing media most used to grow ornamentals contains peat moss which is very expensive and everyday results less available. There is a need to conduct studies to evaluate alternate organic components. In Puerto Rico, the Municipal solid waste compost (MSW) has been considered as a possible component for a growing mix to grow plants. Results from chemical properties studies of the MSW compost shows that it is a source of nutrients for plants. A raw MSW is a contaminat to the environment, but once is composted does not represent a hazard to humans or environment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth responses of Anthurium plants grown in mixes containing different proportions of MSW with a commercial type of mix containing peat moss. Plant of Rosa cultivar Anthura Co. were grown under six treatments containing proportions of MSW: Peatlite mix (0:100,15:85,25:75,50:50,75:25, and 100:0). Data of growth parameters such as number of leaves, leaf area index, clorophyll content, number of flowers, adn fresh and dry weight was gathered and analyzed. Results did show not significant differences in all treatments on number of leaves and leaves area. Clorophyll content was similar on treatment 0:100,15:85 and 25:75 of MSW: Peatlite mix. Fresh and dry weight (g) were lower in all treatments except on 0:100, which got the highest weight. These results shown that MSW could be considered to be a component of a soiless mix to grow ornamentals in order to reduce cost production and environmental impact.
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Harris, Bethany A., S. Kristine Braman, and Svoboda V. Pennisi. "Influence of Plant Taxa on Pollinator, Butterfly, and Beneficial Insect Visitation." HortScience 51, no. 8 (2016): 1016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.8.1016.
Full textAbstract:
Insects provide ecosystem services, such as pollination and biological control. Additionally, flowering ornamental plant species have the potential to support beneficial insect communities, such as pollinating bees, wasps, and predatory plant bugs. We conducted visual observations and sampled via sweep nets to assess the potential of flowering ornamentals to act as a conservation resource for pollinators. Hoverflies (family: Syrphidae), small bees [Lasioglossum (dialictus) imitatum Smith and Halictus ligatus Say], skippers (family: Hesperiidae), predatory plant bugs (family Miridae), and parasitic wasps were frequent visitors to the specially designed Butterfly and Conservation Gardens. Agastache (Pursh) Kuntze ‘Black Adder’ and Celosia spicata L. were the most frequently visited by pollinators among 74 plant taxa. The results obtained will be useful in formulating recommendations on planting the best species for the purpose of attracting pollinators as well as for conservation purposes.