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1
Uusiku, Laura Ingashipwa. "Perceptions and current practices of Namibian midwives regarding the use of the cardio-tocograph as an informative labour monitoring tool for labouring women." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21318.
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Labour is a vital period for the labouring mothers, as it should bring with it the fulfilment of an expectation of having the baby that has been awaited. The health of the foetus which is to be born and that of the labouring mother are inextricably linked with each other which is why the labouring mother needs to be assessed and monitored carefully. The cardio-tocograph, which is a globally accepted method of diagnosis and assessment of the foetal status during labour is preferred to be used in monitoring labouring mothers, especially high- risk patients. Despite the evidence and information regarding the effectiveness of the use of the cardio-tocograph, midwives are still found not to be using it correctly, the reasons given that the women not always co-operate; do not keep the electrode and belt in place or cite the discomfort they experience from contraction. The objectives of this study were to: explore and describe the perceptions and current practice of Namibian midwives regarding the use of the cardio-tocograph as an informative labour- monitoring tool. Explore and describe how midwives working in labour wards in Namibia perceive informing laboring women of the use of the cardio-tocograph as an informative labour- monitoring tool and based on the results, develop an instruction guide for midwives working in the labour ward in intermediate hospital in Namibia that would serve as a guide on how to teach labouring women about the use of the cardio-tocograph as a labour- monitoring tool and enhance positive labor and delivery outcomes The study was conducted between May and June 2016, using a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design, following the necessary university approval and approval from other relevant authorities. The research population was midwives who work in labour wards at a public hospital in Namibia. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from purposively sampled participants using set criteria. A voice recorder was used to capture the interview with the permission of the participants. Seventeen midwives were interviewed of whom two were used for the pilot study. Data saturation determined the sufficient sample size. The collected data was analyzed using Tesch’s spiral method of data analysis with the assistance of an independent coder From the research findings, it emerged that midwives had varying perceptions regarding the use of the CTG machine. Midwives still perceive CTG interpretation as a challenge as a labour -monitoring tool and expressed a need for updates. Furthermore, midwives expressed the fact that they had limited communication with labouring women regarding the use of CTG. Based on the research findings and guided by Health Belief Model principles, three main guidelines were developed for midwives working in the labour ward in a public hospital in Namibia. These guidelines will serve as a tool to assist midwives in their teaching of labouring women about the use of the cardio-tocograph as a labour- monitoring tool, and the role to be played by labouring women during that monitoring period. Furthermore, recommendations for clinical nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research were developed. The researcher used literature control to ensure validation and integrity of the study. Trustworthiness, which was used to ensure rigour of the study, was guided by the principles of truth-value, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Ethical considerations were guided by the Belmont report adopting the principles of beneficence, respect for human dignity, justice and non-maleficence.
2
Mutenda, Nicholus Mbangu. "Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia)." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4549.
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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Adverse effects are a significant factor that determine how long patients will tolerate a given antiretroviral drug regimen. They also influence treatment options, and play an important role in the much needed adherence to treatment by patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). This study is aimed at understanding adverse effects experienced by patients on the first line antiretroviral therapy at Keetmanshoop Hospital in Namibia. Methods : A retrospective quantitative method was used to review records of patients on first line antiretroviral treatment who started treatment between November 1st 2007 and December 1st, 2008 and followed up until they reached 36 – 48 months on treatment. Records of 94 patients were found eligible to be included in the study. Data was analysed using Stata 12 data analysis software. Results : The most reported adverse effect was musculoskeletal disorders (25%) whereas headache (16%) was the least reported. Low haemoglobin (78%) was the most common recorded hematologic adverse effect whereas low red cell distribution width and low mean platelet volume were the least recorded adverse effects (0%). A Male patient was more likely to experience a low haemoglobin levels compared to a female patient (adjusted OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.3 – 8.3). A male patient was found to be 64% times less likely to experience a higher mean cell haemoglobin compared to a female patient (adjusted OR. 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11 – 0.87). A patient on nevirapine was more likely to experience an elevated creatinine level compared to a patient on efavirenz (adjusted OR; 36.0, 95%CI: 2.02 – 62.5). At baseline, a patient who had prior exposure to ART had an 81 times (adjusted OR: 81.4, 95%CI: 5.3 – 119, p-value=0.00) increased odds of experiencing a high mean cell volume (MCV) compared to a patient with no ART exposure. A patient with a higher CD4 count was also less likely to experience a low hemoglobin compared to a patient with low CD4 count (adjusted OR; 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12 – 0.77). The author recommends further studies with higher sample size to confirm whether higher creatinine levels are more prevalent in patients on nevirapine compared to patients on efavirenz; this will have clinical implications especially in patients with impaired renal system. Antiretroviral treatment increases chances of developing macrocytosis anaemia; clinical implication of this condition may need to be investigated.
3
Bauleth, Maria Francineth. "Factors associated with poor adherence amongst patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the intermediate hospital Oshakati in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9016_1365754981.
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<p>Namibia is severely affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with an estimated HIV prevalence of 17.8%. A comprehensive, public HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme was established in 2003 by the government of Namibia in association with its development partners. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy [ART] has dramatically decreased HIVrelated mortality and morbidity, improved quality of life, revitalized communities and transformed perceptions of HIV/AIDS from a plaque and death sentence to a manageable chronic condition. Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO) in the Oshana region, is one of the six pilot hospitals where highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a key factor in ensuring optimal clinical outcomes and is associated with improved survival among HIV and AIDS patients. Sustained high levels of adherence (taking 95% or more of medication as prescribed) are essential for treatment success. Suboptimal adherence to treatment has been associated with virologic, immunologic and clinical failure, and may increase the risk of resistance to first-line ART drugs. Studies conducted in various parts of the country including the Oshakati district, report small proportions of patients defaulting on ART. Defaulting from treatment raises questions about adherence to ART as it can be assumed that poor adherence would precede defaulting from treatment. This study explored factors that influence poor adherence to ART among patients at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati.</p>
4
Mukulu, Martin Ndakalako. "Understanding attitudes and perceptions of nurses and medical doctors on providing intimate partner violence screening at Katutura Hospital, Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5887.
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Magister Public Health - MPH (Public Health)<br>This qualitative, explorative study aimed to explore the attitudes and perceptions of nurses and
medical doctors at frontline services units of the Katutura Intermediate Hospital in Windhoek,
Namibia, in providing intimate partner violence (IPV) screening during routine care. Frontline
services were selected because that is where most of the patients come into contact with nurses
and medical doctors for the first time, making this the first point of care contact at this referral
hospital. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with purposively selected sample of 18
nurses and six medical doctors employed at frontline services units of the hospital.
All the respondents concurred that IPV was prevalent in Namibia, as evidenced by the daily
hospital records. Respondents admitted that the Casualty Section of the Katutura Hospital was the
busiest section at the hospital, and that incident and cases of IPV were recorded there every hour,
especially from Thursday through the weekend and on public holidays, as victims seek treatment
for their resultant injuries. Most of the respondents expressed concern about their inability to
screen for IPV during routine care due to a lack of time. Many respondents believed, however,
that screening for IPV was the responsibility of social workers and not necessarily that of nurses
and medical doctors. Others believed that a lack of skills among hospital staff to screen for IPV
as well as staff shortages and work overload were some of the factors preventing staff from
performing screening.
The study found that IPV cases were prevalent at the Katutura Intermediate Hospital, and that
there was ambivalence about IPV screening and reporting among the staff who participated in the
study. Some of the nurses and medical doctors who participated in the study saw IPV as a nonclinical
and social issue and believed that it was the responsibility of social workers, while others
felt that they might be able to do something about it but were hampered by factors such as staff
shortages, a lack of privacy and work overload. The researcher recommends further research on
the attitudes and perceptions of senior management and patients towards IPV screening.
5
Motlhake, Malefsane Priscilla. "Non-compliance amongst T.B. patients at Moreteletsi Hospital." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-112314.
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Nyatondo, Kapera T. J. "Factors associated with first line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen modification in naïve adult patients at Gobabis District Hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5084.
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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Background: First line regimens give patients the best chance of long-term treatment success. It is imperative that patients stay on their original first line regimens to ensure program viability. As the ART programme matures in Namibia the proportion of patients who have had their first line regimens modified continues to increase. It is estimated that 3.1% of adults in Namibia are on second line regimens. Second line or other modified regimens are generally reserved for
clinical, immunological or virological failure and toxicity related complications. These modified regimens often involve a higher pill burden, more toxicities and are often more expensive. A more detailed understanding of the factors associated with first line regimen modification could allow healthcare providers in Namibia to target these factors for intervention to reduce regimen modification and improve treatment outcomes. Methodology: This quantitative descriptive retrospective cohort study sought to describe factors associated with first line HAART regimen modification in treatment naïve adult patients who started HAART at Gobabis State Hospital between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2010. Utilizing data from an existing electronic patient management system, quantitative methods were used to assess the prevalence, reasons and factors associated with first line HAART regimen
modification. Results: The prevalence of HAART regimen modification was 14.1%. Treatment toxicity was the major reason (35%) for HAART regimen modification and this was largely due to D4T containing regimens. This was followed by treatment modification due to concurrent TB disease (27.3%), new drug availability (19%), pregnancy (6.6%) and virological failure (2%). A death rate of 9% was recorded by the end of the study period in each of the two groups, of those who
had their first line HAART regimen modified and those who remained on original regimens respectively. There were statistically significant associations between regimen modification and type of regimen, care entry point, duration from HIV diagnosis to entry into HIV care, sex and functional status. Regimen modifications resulted in more AZT and TDF based regimes while 88.7% of patients had D4T taken off their HAART regimens. Conclusions: HAART regimen modification at Gobabis State hospital is lower than in other settings was largely due to treatment toxicity. The death rate is high and warrants further exploration. Regimen modifications resulted in more AZT and TDF based regimes and more patients had D4T taken off their HAART regimens. Recommendations: Patients still on D4T need close monitoring for side effects associated with this drug and should be promptly changed if this is the case. This study raises the important programmatic issue of the need for good data collection practices. HIV positive patients who are pregnant and those with concurrent TB disease need close monitoring to ensure that HAART
regimens are modified appropriately.
7
Pendukeni, Monika. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on health care provision: Perceptions on nurses currently working in one regional hospital in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Studies on the impact of HIV/AIDS on health workers conducted in the health sector in different countries in Southern Africa have shown that health workers are affected and infected by HIV/AIDS. This has affected the provision of care rendered by nurses negatively. The high workload emanating from increased numbers of patients contributed to the situation. As a result, a number of nurses suffer from stress related illnesses caused by many factors such as fear of contracting the HIV virus. Low staff morale has also been observed among nurses. The aim of this study was to study nurses perceptions, views and suggestions on the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the provision of health care in terms of increased workload, stress, low morale and fear of contracting HIV/AIDS in two medical wards and a TB ward in one regional hospital in Namibia.
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Ngodji, Terthu Kutupu. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of male circumcision for HIV prevention among voluntary counseling and testing clients in Onandjokwe District Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6195_1307446077.
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<p>This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices about MC as an HIV prevention intervention among adult males presenting for HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services at Onandjokwe District Hospital in northern Namibia. A high level of knowledge of MC, particularly its potential to reduce the risk of HIV infection, STIs and enhance penile hygiene exists among VCT attendees in Onandjokwe District Hospital. MC will most likely to be accepted in this study area, especially when it is implemented to reduce the risk of HIV infection. The study recommends a comprehensive education and information program targeting males and their partners and a training for traditional and medical circumcisers to ensure a high quality of MC services.</p>
9
Mtombeni, Sifelani. "Community perceptions, attitudes and knowledge regarding mother to child transmission of HIV: a baseline evaluation before the implementation of the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Program using a short course of Nevirapine at Onandjokwe Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Each year approximately 600 000 infants, most of them in Sub-Saharan Africa are born with HIV infection as a result of mother to child transmission of HIV. Whereas significant progress has been made in reduction of mother to child transmission of HIV in developed countries, the situation remains desperate in developing countries. Progress has been hampered by shortage of staff, facilities, limited access to voluntary counselling and testing and lack of support for women by their partners and communities. The challenge is to increase voluntary counselling and testing uptake during antenatal care. Onandjokwe district in Northern Namibia is currently introducing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Program (PMTCT). It has been found the previous PMTCT programs have failed because they adopted a top down approach where there was no community consultation. This study was conducted to explore the community perceptions, knowledge and attitudes regarding mother to child transmission of HIV through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews of key community members.
10
Thobias, Anna. "Exploration of factors associated with poor adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Katutura State Hospital Communicable Disease Clinic in Khomas region, Namibia /." Online access, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_2455_1273775841.pdf.
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Ikombele, Botomwito. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding lifestyle modifications among type 2 diabetic patients attending Mamelodi Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/699.
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Thesis (M Med (Family Medicine) -- University of Limpopo, 2011.<br>Introduction
The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to rise and constitutes a real threat
especially in the developing world. As for most non-communicable diseases, change of
behavior and adoption of healthy lifestyle habits help to prevent and slow down the
increase of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aim of the Study
To establish the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding lifestyle modifications
among type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic at Mamelodi hospital.
Methods:
This cross sectional study describes the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding
lifestyle modifications (KAP) among 217 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending
Mamelodi Hospital, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. A face-to-face interview using a
structured questionnaire was carried out for data collection. Socio-demographic
characteristics of the participants and anthropometric measurements were obtained and
the body mass index (8MI) of participants were determined. The Knowledge, attitude and
practice of participants were assessed.
2
Results: Majority of participants were female 176(81.1 %), while male were 41 (18.9%).
This amounted to a female to male ratio of 4:1. Most participants were in the age group
51-60 years 93(42.9%). Majority of them had low level of education 108(49.5%) and low
income 206(94.9%). Majority of participants were obese 153(71 %) with more female
diabetic patients being obese 120 (78.4%) than male 33 (21.6%). 15 participants (14 females and 1 male) were morbidly obese (BMI~40kg/m2). 108 participants (49.5%) did
not have a formal education.
No respondent had good knowledge and 92.6% of respondents had poor knowledge of
the benefits of exercise, weight loss and healthy diet. Majority of respondents
(97.7%) had bad practices in relation to lifestyle modifications. Nevertheless, majority of
them (84.3%) had positive attitudes toward lifestyle modifications.
Significant positive correlation (r= 0.170, p=0.012) was found between the global
knowledge level and attitude level alone, whereas there was no significant correlation
found between the global knowledge level and practice level as well as the attitude level
and practice level.
Conclusion: In conclusion, despite positive attitudes of participants toward healthy
lifestyle habits, the knowledge and practices regarding lifestyle modifications among type
2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Mamelodi Hospital were generally low. Nevertheless
the positive attitudes of participants should be encouraged and the implementation of a
lifestyle intervention program will help improve the knowledge and practices of type 2
diabetes mellitus patients attending Mamelodi Hospital for the better management and
control of this current pandemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Thobias, Anna. "Exploration of Factors Associated with Poor Adherence amongst Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Katutura State Hospital Communicable Disease Clinic in Khomas Region in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7058_1273775927.
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<p>Background: HIV/AIDS affects the health of millions of people world wide. According to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS [UNAIDS], the number of people living with HIV globally has risen from 26 million in 2001 to 33.2 million in 2007. It is estimated that 2.5 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2007. The introduction of anti-retroviral therapy [ART] has brought hope to millions of people living with HIV and AIDS. More recently, the increased availability of treatment in many countries including Namibia has dramatically improved survival rates and lowered the incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV patients. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a fundamental attribute of excellent clinical HIV care and a key aspect in determining the effectiveness of treatment. Strict adherence to ART is vital to maintain low viral load and to prevent the development of drug resistant virus. Poor adherence is one of the key obstacles to successful ART for HIV positive patients. Literature has shown that there are various factors that hinder adherence to ART such as patient, service, community, family, socio-economic and work-related factors. Aim: This study aimed to describe the experiences of patients in the ART programme at Katutura State Hospital, Communicable Disease Clinic (CDC), in the Khomas region of Namibia and to explore factors that contribute to poor adherence.</p>
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Wendall, Pamela S. "Clients' spiritual perspective of care." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191724.
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Spiritual dimensions are an important focus for nursing care and nurses can be catalysts for spiritual care. The purpose of this descriptive comparative analysis is to examine the spiritual care needs as perceived by terminally ill clients, non-terminally ill clients, and well adults. The theoretical framework for this study is Leininger's "Cultural Care Theory" that supports the notion that spiritual care needs to be culturally congruent.Participants were obtained from a 225-bed hospital, hospice, home care, and a wellness program in a midwestern city. Permission was obtained from the hospital President, Vice President of Nursing, the directors of Hospice and Home Care, and the community's Wellness Program. The number of participants was 76. The process for the protection of human rights was followed.Findings were that terminally ill, non-terminally ill, and well-adults all agree that receiving spiritual care that is congruent with beliefs is important. The terminally ill clients rated spiritual needs higher than both non-terminally ill and well-adults. All groups rated the same in the persons from whom it was wished to receive spiritual care. Common themes of spiritual care desired from these persons for the terminally ill group was: pray for/with me and talk to me. For the non-terminally ill group it was: give me information, The understanding, and provide emotional and spiritual support. Finally, for the well-adults it was: listen to me, talk to me, be confident, and support me.No statistical difference between groups (.940) on the SPS. On the SPC, the terminally ill group was more satisfied (5.20) with spiritual support they were receiving than the non-terminally ill group or well-adults.It was concluded that regardless of the stage of illness, the same spiritual needs are prominent, all individuals have spiritual needs, and several types of interventions are preferred. It has been demonstrated in this study that prayer is the most sought after component of spiritual care among all three groups. Second to that would be someone to talk to and someone to listen to them.Implications call for nurses to facilitate spiritual care from family, friends, minister or priest, and hospital chaplain. This could be written into the plan of care by having the client describe the type of spiritual care they want to receive. Nursing Administration needs to work with nursing staff to define spirituality and religion and what they mean to the nurse.<br>School of Nursing
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Cloete, Shoemeney Aveline. "Professional nurses perceptions of their knowledge, attitudes and practices, regarding metabolic syndrome in patients in a Psychiatric hospital, Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8029.
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Magister Curationis<br>Undiagnosed and untreated medical illnesses are more predominant in patients with mental illnesses, compared to the general population. Concerns have risen about the observed lack of regular screening for Metabolic Syndrome potentially increasing the prevalence rate of the disease especially in young adolescents on anti-psychotics. Recognizing the recurrent co-morbidity between mental and physical health conditions, specific commendations addressing the physical conditions causing the increased morbidity and mortality of people with severe mental illness are needed. In some instances, treatment recommendations for the general population may need to be modified for people with SMI.
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Ratshikana-Moloko, Mja. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health professionals in management of pain in aids patients at Polokwane/ Mankweng Hospital complex, Limpopo Province." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9422.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>This study was initiated as part of a quality improvement project on pain management at Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital Complex (PMHC). This is the first part of the project, which involved a baseline study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of doctors working in the two hospitals in managing pain in HIV/AIDS patients. Admissions due to the AIDS epidemic have continued to rise over the years, with a quarter of admission in medical wards being attributed to AIDS related diseases1. The survey was conducted at Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital Complex. One hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed, and 52% of the doctors returned the completed questionnaires. The objectives of the study were as follows: 1. To determine the level of knowledge of doctors in PMHC about pain in AIDS patients. 2. To determine the attitudes of doctors in PMHC regarding pain management in AIDS patients. 3. To determine their practice regarding prescribing analgesics for pain in AIDS patients. 4. To determine whether the level of knowledge and their attitudes affect their prescribing practice. The level of knowledge of doctors at PMHC is low compared to previous studies 2,3,4 with a mean of 46.92%. The level of knowledge for Oncologists is not better than other specialties. The oncologists do however have better knowledge of the WHO pain ladder compared to other specialties. The doctors (56.9%) are not familiar with the WHO pain ladder, which has been in existence for over 20 years. The doctors are aware that pain management is major problem (69.2%), and that one has to aim for complete pain relief (83.1%). Community Service doctors have been found to have the lowest mean score for level of knowledge (33.92%, SD=9.44) and level of attitude (52.39%, SD=17.81). Interns on the other hand had the highest mean score for the level of attitude (80.55%, SD=19.47) and knowledge (58.33; SD=17.07). 7 Most doctors still believe that the likelihood of patients developing addiction to morphine when given for chronic pain is moderate to high (67.7%). The demographic variables had no influence on the level of knowledge, level of attitude and the practice pattern. There was a positive correlation in the level of knowledge and the level of attitude (p=0.014), as well as the practice pattern (p=0.001), which is different from what other studies obtained. The level of attitude also correlated with practice pattern (p=0.0004). Although the study has limitations, important and interesting findings have come to the fore, and have to be acted upon. Management of chronic pain and palliative care has not been part of medical training in South Africa until recently, and is still a small part of the curriculum, if at all. The need for training of doctors in pain management and palliative is evident. The Limpopo Provincial Government and PMHC have to develop a strategy on how to address the identified gaps in the knowledge, attitude and practices of doctors.
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Beukes, Lorraine Theresa. "The knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of general assistants towards mentally ill patients in psychiatric hospitals in Cape Town in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4175.
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Magister Curationis - MCur<br>The current debate on knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of medical staff and the broader community towards mentally ill patients across the world is also quite extensive in South Africa. The literature on the subject matter demonstrates poor knowledge of mental illness in the general population and also indicates that people often have stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness. However, while most studies have explored the attitudes, perceptions and behaviour towards mentally ill patients with respect to various staff categories such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, psychologist and the community globally and particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have extended the analysis to include general assistants. Moreover, little research has been carried out on the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards mental illness and mentally ill patients of non-medical staff such as general assistants, who on a daily basis spend time with mentally health care users, ensuring hygiene in psychiatric hospitals in South Africa. This study intended to fill the gap by using a quantitative, descriptive approach encompassing a cross-sectional survey design to identify the level of basic mental health knowledge and determine attitudes and perceptions of general assistants towards mental illness and mentally ill patients in four government funded psychiatric hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. A random sample of 124 was selected from the general assistants of the four psychiatric hospitals in Cape Town. The results established that the majority of General Assistants (75.6%) in all four psychiatric hospitals demonstrated fair basic mental health knowledge pertaining to mental illness and positive attitudes and perceptions towards mentally ill patients. Although the attitudes and perceptions are mostly positive, item analysis revealed that there are disparities in the results. One third of the general assistants find it stressful to work with mentally ill people. Others displayed frustration (30,1% ), mistrust (52%) and fear(12%). In addition, 82.9% of the general assistants like working with mentally ill people and the majority of the general assistants are comfortable working with mentally ill patients. The recommendation is that basic mental health awareness programmes or in-service training should be implemented for general assistants especially newly appointed general assistants to improve the knowledge and understanding, attitudes and perceptions of general assistants and to reduce fear and negative perceptions and attitudes in order to enhance positive patient experiences.
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Södersved, Källestedt Marie-Louise. "In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : A Study of Education in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and its Effects on Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes among Healthcare Professionals and Survival of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kirurgiska vetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150386.
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This thesis investigated whether outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest patients could be improved by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) educational intervention focusing on all hospital healthcare professionals. Annually in Sweden, approximately 3000 in-hospital patients suffer a cardiac arrest in which CPR is attempted, and which 900 will survive. The thesis is based on five papers: Paper I was a methodological study concluding in a reliable multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) aimed at measuring CPR knowledge. Paper II was an intervention study. The intervention consisted of educating 3144 healthcare professionals in CPR. The MCQ from Paper I was answered by the healthcare professionals both before (82% response rate) and after (98% response rate) education. Theoretical knowledge improved in all the different groups of healthcare professionals after the intervention. Paper III was an observational laboratory study investigating the practical CPR skills of 74 healthcare professionals’. Willingness to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) improved generally after education, and there were no major differences in CPR skills between the different healthcare professions. Paper IV investigated, by use of a questionnaire, the attitudes to CPR of 2152 healthcare professionals (82% response rate). A majority of healthcare professionals reported a positive attitude to resuscitation. Paper V was a register study of patients suffering from cardiac arrest. The intervention tended not to reduce the delay to start of treatment or to increase overall survival. However, our results suggested indirect signs of an improved cerebral function among survivors. In conclusion, CPR education and the introduction of AEDs in-hospital – improved healthcare professionals knowledge, skills, and attitudes – did not improve patients’ survival to hospital discharge, but the functional status among survivors improved.
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Zhang, Jingyu, and 张京煜. "A study on the perceptions and behaviour on smoking cessation among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalized in a smoke-free hospital in Beijing, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085532.
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Henriksson, Catrin. "Coronary Heart Disease and Early Decision Making, from Symptoms to Seeking Care : Studies with Focus on Pre-hospital Delay in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156636.
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Despite several investigations and interventions aimed at decreasing the time from symptom onset to medical care seeking in acute myocardial infarction patients, the delay time is still too long for best treatment outcomes. In this thesis, investigations aimed at improving our understanding of the factors influencing delay time are evaluated, as well as attitudes to medical care seeking in patients, relatives and the general public. Additionally, an evaluation was performed to examine whether health-related quality of life had any influence on delay time and re-admissions. Participating patients, relatives and representatives of the general public were generally knowledgeable about acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its symptomatology. The majority of participants knew about the importance of receiving fast treatment when an AMI occurs. Despite people’s knowledge, several patients and relatives felt uncertain of symptom origin and how to act at symptom onset. Patients commonly consulted an additional person when symptoms did not disappear. However, people appeared to act more appropriately if someone else had chest pain compared to self-experienced symptoms. In patients who had suffered from more than one AMI, poor total health status increased the risk of delaying for more than two hours, but no independent association was found between total health status and re-admissions within the first year post-AMI.
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Gray, Beverley Ann. "The influence of service quality perceptions and customer satisfaction on patients' behavioural intentions in the healthcare industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/514.
Full textAbstract:
Healthcare today has become a competitive industry, not only locally, but on a global level as well. In the South African economy the healthcare sector presently offers healthcare seekers two options to satisfy their healthcare needs – either through private business enterprises in the private sector or public enterprises in the public sector. Likewise, in the healthcare sector's hospital environment, patients can receive treatment from either private or public hospitals. As private business enterprises offering a relatively 'pure', but generally unsought-after service, private hospitals compete aggressively to attract patients. Patients are a hospital's lifeblood and they rightfully expect a high standard of customer service throughout the stay. With today's consumers being better informed, more sophisticated and more demanding than in the past, experts agree that the key to survival in the service industry today, almost without exception, is the quality of the service. The cornerstone of the service industry is without doubt the ability to deliver superior service quality that results in customer satisfaction. And the healthcare industry is no exception. Most consumers will experience a need for healthcare services at some time in their lives, but in South Africa, escalating medical costs in general and private hospitals in particular, have made private healthcare increasingly more expensive for the majority of the country's healthcare seekers. This situation raises the question of customer service in the private hospital industry and how patients' perceive service quality and evaluate customer satisfaction after a hospital stay. There is a growing body of empirical evidence from United States studies to show that service quality and customer (patient) satisfaction positively influence patients' behavioural intentions to reuse the hospital or recommend it to others (word-of-mouth endorsements). However, in South Africa, empirical studies to investigate these relationships have not been adequately addressed. This study was therefore an attempt to address the lack of scientific evidence and debate in the area of patient satisfaction. Against this background, the primary objective of this study was to measure patients' perceptions of service quality and customer satisfaction with a private hospital experience and to estimate the effect that each of these constructs will have on future behavioural intentions. More specifically, the present study was an attempt to assess empirically the most important dimensions of service quality and transaction-specific customer satisfaction dimensions that drive both patient loyalty and ‘overall’ or cumulative satisfaction in the South African private hospital industry. For the purpose of this study, buying intentions was used as a surrogate measure of loyalty as measured by willingness to reuse the hospital and/or willingness to recommend it to others (word-of-mouth endorsements). Initial exploratory research was conducted with the aim of assessing the views of three private hospital stakeholder groups, namely former patients, doctors and management about what the quality of service and customer satisfaction meant to each individual interviewed. A service enterprise that specialises in patient satisfaction surveys in the US provided particularly useful information during this phase of the study. Several case studies of patient satisfaction programmes, mostly at US hospitals, provided additional insights in this area. The study was conducted nationally at private hospitals owned by one of South Africa's three major hospital groups. Five private hospitals in four major centres were selected on a non-probability convenience basis to participate in the study. The hospital group's senior management and the management at each selected hospital gave their full commitment to ensure that the survey was successfully conducted in their hospital wards. Data were collected by means of a quantitative study using a selfadministered, structured questionnaire. Patients had to meet certain qualifying criteria which included being of adult age, in the hospital for an operation and at least one overnight stay. A total of 3 800 questionnaires was distributed to patients on a random basis in selected wards at the five hospitals by senior hospital staff designated for this task. From this distribution, 425 questionnaires were returned of which a final sample of 323 could be statistically analysed. To confirm the internal reliability of the measuring instrument, Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated for each of the factors identified by the exploratory factor analysis. In order to assess the discriminant validity of the measuring instrument used to measure both service quality and customer satisfaction, the items were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. The factors that emerged after the exploratory factor analysis were then used as independent variables in the four subsequent multiple regression analyses to assess the study's four hypothesised relationships. The findings revealed that the service quality dimensions that impact positively on both loyalty and cumulative satisfaction are Empathy of nursing staff and Assurance. The customer satisfaction dimensions to impact positively on both loyalty and cumulative satisfaction are Satisfaction with the nursing staff, Satisfaction with meals, and Satisfaction with fees charged.
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Callachan, Edward. "Mode of transport to hospital among patients with ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi: correlates, physician and patient attitudes, and associated clinical outcomes." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25168.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Acute coronary syndromes, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Existing research shows that prehospital care provided by emergency medical services (EMS) can significantly improve outcomes. However, EMS remains grossly underutilised in Abu Dhabi despite a well-established presence. Objectives: In this three-part quantitative, observational study, we sought to (1) assess physicians' perceptions of, and recommendations for, utilization and improvement of EMS, (2) assess patients' awareness of EMS, mode of transport use in decision to seek care and reasons for their decision, and (3) establish if in the current study setting, mode of transport used has implications for in hospital adverse events, as well as short and long term clinical outcomes. The goal was to investigate both physicians' and patients' perceptions of prehospital STEMI care, as well as to assess the clinical correlates of the mode of transport in a patient's decision to seek care. Methods: We conducted the study in three phases. Phase 1: At four government-operated hospitals in Abu Dhabi, we administered surveys to a convenience sample of physicians involved in care of patients with acute coronary syndromes to measure (a) likelihood of recommending EMS, (b) satisfaction with EMS, (c) likelihood of using EMS for self or family, and (d) recommendations for prehospital care of acute coronary syndromes. Phase 2: We gathered mode of transport data from a purposive, non-random sample of 587 consecutive patients with STEMI over an 18-month period and conducted structured follow-up interviews to assess their perceptions of EMS. We conducted analysis to determine whether mode of transport was related to demographic variables. Phase 3: We collected medical records from patient participants and conducted structured follow-up interviews at 1, 6 and 12 months post discharge. We conducted chi square difference testing to determine the relationships among mode of transport, treatment times, and short- and long-term clinical outcomes. Variables included treatment times and associated outcomes. Results: Physician participants (n = 106) were most supportive of prehospital 12-lead ECG for STEMI, but indicated low satisfaction with existing EMS services in Abu Dhabi. Among STEMI patient participants (n = 587), EMS was underutilized in Abu Dhabi; over half (55%) of patients did not know the phone number to contact EMS, and only 14.7% used EMS in their decision to seek care. EMS-transported patients were more likely to receive timely treatment (door-todiagnostic ECG time, door-to-balloon time) and had lower incidence of mortality compared to privately-transported patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest a need to raise public awareness of EMS and its importance for coronary symptoms in Abu Dhabi. Broader application of prehospital ECG, including prehospital activation of cardiac catheterization labs, bypassing non-interventional cardiology centres, and admission directly to facilities that provide these services without initial admission to the emergency department, could help improve physicians' perceptions of EMS and outcomes for patients with STEMI.
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Ofunne, Ifeanyichukwu. "An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of caregivers of HIV positive children on treatment in Pretoria, South Africa : a case study of out-patients in Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86874.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the level of HIV and AIDS knowledge, attitudes, as well as practices
amongst caregivers of HIV infected children in Pretoria, using Kalafong hospital as a case study.
The study uses a questionnaire as survey instrument. A total of 30 respondents participated in the
study, which took place in October of 2013. The respondents were selected via simple random
sampling and the results were analyzed.
The results showed a remarkably high level of HIV and AIDS knowledge amongst the
respondents, from which it was evident, that:
A significant number of caregivers were aware of and able to take care of existing
medical conditions arising from HIV in children.
Most of the home-based care of children living with HIV was carried out by women in a
very disproportionate ratio to men.
In this regard, the study offers a range of suggestions and recommendations as well as existing
best practices, such as the UNAIDS booklet on caregiving within the context of HIV and AIDS.
The study was undertaken with the realization that generalizations cannot be made through
extrapolation to the larger society because of limitations, such as the sample size of this study.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Hierdie studie ondersoek die vlak van MIV/VIGS kennis, houdings teenoor dieselfde, sowel as
praktyke onder versorgers van MIV-besmette kinders in Pretoria, met behulp van Kalafonghospitaal
as 'n gevallestudie. Die studie maak gebruik van 'n vraelys as opname instrument. 'n
Totaal van 30 respondente het deelgeneem aan die studie, wat in Oktober 2013 plaasgevind het.
Die respondente is gekies deur 'n eenvoudige ewekansige steekproefneming en die resultate is
ontleed.
Die resultate toon 'n merkwaardig hoë vlak van MIV en VIGS kennis onder die respondente.
Hierdie kennis, houdings en praktyke opgedoen was voldoende om daarop te let:
• 'n beduidende aantal van die versorgers is bewus van en in staat om bestaande toestande in
MIV-sorg in kinders te versorg.
• Die meeste van die tuisversorging van kinders wat met MIV leef is uitgevoer deur vroue in 'n
baie oneweredige verhouding met mans.
In hierdie verband bied die studie 'n verskeidenheid van voorstelle en aanbevelings sowel as die
bestaande beste praktyke soos die UNAIDS boekie oor versorging binne die konteks van MIV en
VIGS.
Die studie is gedoen onder die besef dat veralgemenings nie gemaak kan word deur ekstrapolasie
na die groter samelewing nie, as gevolg van beperkings soos die monster grootte van hierdie
studie
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Nguyen, Hoa L. "Age and Sex Differences in Duration of Pre-Hospital Delay, Hospital Treatment Practices, and Short-Term Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with an Acute Coronary Syndrome/Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/471.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe prompt seeking of medical care after the onset of symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes (ACS)/acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with the receipt of coronary reperfusion therapy, and effective cardiac medications in patients with an ACS/AMI and is crucial to reducing mortality and the risk of serious clinical complications in these patients. Despite declines in important hospital complications and short-term death rates in patients hospitalized with an ACS/AMI, several patient groups remain at increased risk for these adverse outcomes, including women and the elderly. However, recent trends in age and sex differences in extent of pre-hospital delay, hospital management practices, and short-term outcomes associated with ACS/AMI remain unexplored.
The objectives of this study were to examine the overall magnitude, and changing trends therein, of age and sex differences in duration of pre-hospital delay (1986-2005), hospital management practices (1999-2007), and short-terms outcomes (1975-2005) in patients hospitalized with ACS/AMI.
MethodsData from 13,663 residents of the Worcester, MA, metropolitan area hospitalized at all greater Worcester medical centers for AMI 15 biennial periods between 1975 and 2005 (Worcester Heart Attack Study), and from 50,096 patients hospitalized with an ACS in 106 medical centers in 14 countries participating in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) between 2000 and 2007 were used for this investigation.
Results In comparison with men years, patients in other age-sex strata exhibited significantly longer pre-hospital delay, with the exception of women < 65 years; had a significantly lower odds of receiving aspirin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), beta blockers, statins, and undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and were significantly more likely to develop atrial fibrillation, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, and to die during hospitalization and in the first 30 days after admission. There was a significant interaction between age and sex in relation to the use of several medications and the development of several of these outcomes; in patients Conclusions Our results suggest that the elderly were more likely to experience longer prehospital delay, were less likely to be treated with evidence-based treatments during hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and were more likely to develop adverse outcomes compared to younger persons. Younger women were less likely to be treated with effective treatments and were more likely to develop adverse outcomes compared with younger men while there was no sex difference in these outcomes. Interventions targeted at older patients, in particular, are needed to encourage these high-risk patients to seek medical care promptly to maximize the benefits of currently available treatment modalities. More targeted treatment approaches during hospitalization for ACS/AMI for younger women and older patients are needed to improve their hospital prognosis.
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Tomas, Nestor Petrus Namulo. "Factors contributing to the negative behaviours of nurses in a specific public health care facility in Namibia." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24427.
Full textAbstract:
It is important for nurses to show acceptable behaviour when interacting with the patients. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the factors that contribute to nurses’ negative behaviour when rendering patient care and to determine the effects of nurses’ behaviour on patient outcomes.
The study used a non-experimental explorative and descriptive quantitative design. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. The sample comprised of 64 respondents which consisted of 25 registered nurses and 39 enrolled nurses.
The study found that besides the known contributing factor, that is, the shortage of nurses, further identified contributing factors to nurses’ negative behaviour when rendering patient care are failure to retrain nurses identified with negative behaviours, poor condition of employment and patients’ behaviours and cultural beliefs. These results suggested a need to train more nurses, improve conditions of employment, as well as support and retrain nurses identified with negative behaviours.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Public Health)
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Komu, Patricia Wangui. "Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and its major determinants among patients at Rundu Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5696_1262815913.
Full textAbstract:
<p><font face="Times New Roman">
<p align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><font face="Times New Roman">Aim</font><font face="Times New Roman">: To obtain baseline data on adherence levels and the major determinants of adherence among patients on HAART at Rundu Hospital, Namibia.</font></b></font></p>
</font></p>
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Kangudie, Didler Mbayi. "Clinical and immunological response of HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Nyangana Mission Hospital in Namibia." Thesis, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6636_1262738450.
Full text
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Kangudie, Didier Mbayi. "Clinical and immunological response of HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Nyangana mission hospital in Namibia." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3664.
Full text
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Tom, Penelope. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of HIV positive patients regarding disclosure of HIV results at Betesda Clinic Namibia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11001.
Full textAbstract:
Background: HIV prevalence is increasing and more people are being infected despite the messages and the advertising.1 Namibia has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in the world of 21.3% as at end of 2002. Two hundred and ten thousand people were estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS, more than one in five adults.2 Disclosure is very important for the prevention and control of HIV infection and is an essential part of behaviour modification, access and adherence to treatment.
Aim: To determine knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HIV positive patients regarding disclosure of HIV results at Betesda clinic in Namibia. Objectives: To determine the participant profile, reasons for disclosure and non disclosure, to explore attitudes, knowledge and to understand practices of HIV positive patients with regard to disclosure of HIV results.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done at Betesda clinic a private clinic in Katutura a high density suburb of Windhoek. Two hundred and sixty three HIV positive patients tested after 2004 were entered into the study. Convenience sampling of all willing HIV positive patients was done. A questionnaire was used; a professional interpreter and a counsellor were available. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from Betesda management; ethical clearance was obtained from the Post Graduate Committee and Human Research Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand. Epi Info statistical software package version 3.4.1 July 3 2007 was used to analyze data. An expert statistician was utilized to assist with analyzing data.
Results: Two hundred and sixty three respondents were entered into the study. Sixty four percent were males, 41% were married, 28% were single, and 27% were cohabitating. 68% responded positively to what they thought about disclosure. Reasons for disclosure were 32% needed help, 25% partner to go for testing and 20% to let relatives know. Reasons for non disclosure were mainly fear of gossiping 79%. Seventy three percent had disclosed 60% within one week of knowing the results. Seventy three percent had disclosed to their partners, 23% had disclosed to more than one person. People’s reactions were 43% supportive, 29% understood, 9% accepted and 6% angry. Upon disclosure 40% received help, 24% partners were tested, 23% received psychological support and 5% were stigmatized. Disclosure was found to be higher among the married and cohabitating. Conclusion: Knowledge of disclosure was positive; most thought disclosure was important and good. Attitudes and practices towards disclosure were encouraging; people were disclosing but to trusted individuals in the society and fear of stigma was still there but actual stigma was very low.
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Chigova, Temptation. "Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in adults at a hospital in Namibia." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22398.
Full textAbstract:
The questionnaire text in English, Afrikaans and Native language<br>The aim of the study was to minimise non-adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment
amongst HIV/AIDS adult patients at a hospital in Namibia thereby promoting successful
outcomes in patients on ARV treatment. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study
was conducted on a sample of 112 non-adherent adults. Data collection was through
structured interviews and patients’ records review. Data analysis was by descriptive
statistics. Rate of non-adherence was 36.7%. Characteristics common in the sample
were, being a woman, age of 31-45 years, being unmarried, low educational status, lack
of HIV status disclosure, feeling that taking ARVs reminded one of HIV and experience
of ARV side effects. Reasons for missed doses included forgetting, alcohol use, access
to care, work commitments, lack of food, stress and travelling. Of the respondents, 86.6%
had unsupressed viral loads. Recommendations include use of reminders, automated
SMS, establishing treatment supporters and collaborative efforts in reducing active
substance use to improve adherence.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Nursing Science)
30
SINGANO, VICTOR HAMILTON, and VICTOR HAMILTON SINGANO. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HYPERTENSION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AT KAMUZU CENTRAL HOSPITAL IN MALAWI." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30162633305624142050.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>臺北醫學大學<br>全球衛生暨發展碩士學位學程<br>103<br>Hypertension is a global health challenge because of its high prevalence. It is regarded as the leading risk factor for mortality. It carries a huge significant risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases (stroke, ischemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease) and kidney diseases. Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. Many people with hypertension both in developing and developed countries have poor awareness, poor treatment and no adequate control of their blood pressure. Hypertension-related knowledge and practice of patients play an important role in controlling hypertension and in preventing its long-term complications. The objective of the study was to assess the hypertension-related knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to the awareness of the systolic blood pressure by the hypertensive patients.This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study involving 119 hypertensive patients aged 20 years and above on antihypertensive therapy for at least one year. The study was conducted at the Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi from July to December 2014. The data was collected using an interview administered questionnaire. There were more females than males (63% vs. 37%). There were more hypertensive patients with increasing age (65% aged greater than 44 years vs. 35% in age group 25 – 44 years). 62 % of the hypertensive patients were aware of their systolic blood pressure. The awareness of the hypertensive patients on the systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with age less than 45 years, knowing the importance of the systolic blood pressure to cardiovascular risk, knowing that hypertension cannot be cured, adherence to medications and regular exercise. The hypertensive patients had good knowledge and attitudes of hypertension with respect to the risk factors and complications even though they had limited knowledge on the systolic blood pressure and the need for long term treatment for hypertension. The hypertensive patients with formal education had better knowledge and practice scores than those without formal education.The hypertensive patients had poor lifestyle practices in terms of antihypertensive medication adherence, physical inactivity and imbalanced diets. The female hypertensive patients had better lifestyle practice score than the male hypertensive patients. In conclusion, this study specifies the potential areas of hypertension education that could be improved by patients’ knowledge of hypertension. It also shows the potential areas in the lifestyle practices that could be improved to control hypertension. Therefore, there is need for the policy makers to improve the hypertension education so that it improves the lifestyle practices that will in turn improve the blood pressure control.
31
Kumwembe, Mussa. "The experiences of patients undergoing special radiographic examinations at Kamuzu Central Hospital." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11036.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech. (Radiography)<br>Satisfied patients are recognized as an important outcome measure for evaluating the quality of medical care provided in a hospital setting. A satisfied patient is more likely to comply with instructions given and cooperate with medical staff during procedures such as special radiographic examinations in the radiography department. In Malawi, studies on patient satisfaction have mostly been confined to doctor – patient interaction and other aspects of the health care service. Very little research has been conducted to explore the experiences of patients undergoing special radiographic examinations. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of patients undergoing special radiographic examinations at Kamuzu Central Hospital. A qualitative, contextual, explorative, descriptive approach was used to collect data from patients undergoing special radiographic examinations at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Malawi. Focus group interviews were employed to collect data from the study participants. A total number of 15 patients took part in the study. A content analysis approach was used to analyze the views of the participants. The themes that emerged from the focus group data were: Concerns about delays from reception to receiving radiography results (Radiographs and report); Patients’ experiences with regards to the quality of patient care they received and Concerns about the hospital environment and resources in the radiography department. Guidelines have been proposed to address the themes identified.
32
Govender, Mogavani. "Death anxiety and the attitudes of nurses towards dying patients in a private acute care hospital." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1626.
Full textAbstract:
Faculty of Health Sciences
Schoolof Nursing Thearpeutic Sciences
0210998w
0842097202<br>In order for caregivers to be better able to work with dying patients, they need to confront
their fears about their own mortality and explore their feelings about their personal and
professional losses. The importance of death anxiety research rests on the premise that
death is an eventuality that everyone faces and how health professionals, specifically,
deal with death anxiety is of considerable relevance as to the quality of care given to the
terminally ill patient.
The purpose of this study was to identify, explore and describe nurses’ personal fear of
death (death anxiety) and explore whether an association exists between death anxiety
and their attitudes towards dying patients in a private acute care hospital in Johannesburg.
A quantitative, descriptive correlational survey was conducted to examine the
relationship between death anxiety and nurses’ attitudes toward terminally ill patients in a
private acute care hospital in the province of Gauteng in South Africa.
Various extraneous variables have been identified and defined. No attempt was made to
control or manipulate the situation as it was currently occurring. The study population
comprised of all nurses working in this hospital who fulfilled the stipulated selection
criteria. Data were obtained from nurses through the use of a self-administered
questionnaire. The response rate was 42% of the expected population. A total of 93
responses were received. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data and the
significance of the relationships between variables was determined using the Fishers
exact test (p-value of 0.05).
The findings of this study were consistent to that of similar studies. Findings suggest high
levels of death anxiety within the study population with correlating negative death
attitudes. This may be associated with the fact that a significant proportion of the study
sample was younger and less experienced as opposed to those who demonstrated lower
levels of death anxiety and positive death attitudes and were more experienced and older.
v
A strong association was found between death anxiety and death attitudes. Statistically
significant relationships between age and length of nursing experience/exposure were
found. No significant relationships between sex, institutional support, death anxiety and
death attitudes were found. Of import, the need for ongoing terminal care education was
identified in this study.
33
Tjipura, Dinah Jorokee. "Correlation between CD4 counts and adherence to antiretrovirals in treatment patience at Katutura intermediate hospital, Windhoek, Namibia." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3217.
Full textAbstract:
The study analysed and compared data from patients' medical and pharmacy
refill records to identify correlations between CD4 cell counts and adherence to
antiretroviral drugs at Katutura Intermediate Hospital (KIH) in Windhoek,
Namibia. The study investigated whether the pharmacy refill adherence
measurement methodology could predict immunological recovery through
increased CD4 cell counts. There was a positive but weak relationship between
adherence and CD4 cell counts. Although the pharmacy refill records could
predict immunological response it was not sensitive enough and should be used
in combination with other adherence measurement tools.<br>Public Health<br>M.A. (Public Health)
34
Lu, Tsai-Ping, and 盧彩屏. "Nurse's Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Intentions toward Care of Patients with AIDS – Evidence from a Regional Hospital." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42176895399412514896.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>元智大學<br>管理碩士在職專班<br>97<br>According to the Joint United Nations Program on Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (UNAIDS), there were estimated to have 33.2 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and more than 2.1 million people died because of it in 2007. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, and depression are thought to be the three major diseases in this new age which have great impact on human’s life and global economics.
This study is aimed to understand the current condition of the nurse's knowledge, attitude, and behavior intentions toward care of patients with AIDS in a regional hospital. Cross-section study was adapted and the subjects are the nursing staffs in one regional hospital in northern Taiwan. Total number of valid questionnaire is 328 (92.1%). The study tool is a newly designed scale about the knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward AIDS.
The result revel a below-than-average level of knowledge of AIDS which scored 67.27. When studied with one variable analysis (ANOVA), the score of AIDS knowledge has positive correlation with age, education level, seniority, professional title, divisions, rank of nursing professional qualification, salary, in-service education, and experience in caring AIDS patients. Higher salary is correlated with more positive attitude about caring AIDS patients. Better behavior intention is noted in higher rank of nursing professional qualification. Regression analysis shows the variables of attitude is knowledge and behavior intention, knowledge and attitude would affect behavior intention, but attitude and behavior intention is not the predicting factor of knowledge.
The nurse’s knowledge about AIDS is positively related to attitude and behavior intention. The result recommends providing in-service training and education programs of AIDS in the hospital.
Keywords: nursing staff, AIDS, knowledge, attitude, behavior intention
35
Robert, Kopano. "Factors that contributed to contraction of tuberculosis among the newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Katutura Tuberculosis State Hospital." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22762.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that contributed to the contraction of Tuberculosis (TB) amongst the patients who were newly diagnosed with TB at Katutura TB state hospital Windhoek, Namibia. Quantitative, descriptive research was conducted to explore the factors that contributed to contraction of TB among the newly diagnosed patients. Data was collected using questionnaires from 8th June 2016 to the 8th September 2016. The respondents were the newly diagnosed TB patients (n=40) admitted at Katutura TB state hospital. The findings revealed that there is a change in gender infection rate, men are now on the forefront, comprising 57.5% (n=23) of the sample surveyed. Furthermore, some other factors emerged on the study like TB stigma, poor nutrition, and lack of education. However, some factors are very controversial such as accommodation and sanitation as they need to be explored more to see their influence on TB infection rate<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Nursing Science)
36
Lu, Tsai-Ping, and 盧彩屏. "Nurse''s Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Intentions toward Care of Patients with AIDS – Evidence from a Regional Hospital." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51635164438171388482.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>元智大學<br>管理研究所<br>97<br>According to the Joint United Nations Program on Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (UNAIDS), there were estimated to have 33.2 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and more than 2.1 million people died because of it in 2007. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, and depression are thought to be the three major diseases in this new age which have great impact on human’s life and global economics.
This study is aimed to understand the current condition of the nurse''s knowledge, attitude, and behavior intentions toward care of patients with AIDS in a regional hospital. Cross-section study was adapted and the subjects are the nursing staffs in one regional hospital in northern Taiwan. Total number of valid questionnaire is 328 (92.1%). The study tool is a newly designed scale about the knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward AIDS.
The result revel a below-than-average level of knowledge of AIDS which scored 67.27. When studied with one variable analysis (ANOVA), the score of AIDS knowledge has positive correlation with age, education level, seniority, professional title, divisions, rank of nursing professional qualification, salary, in-service education, and experience in caring AIDS patients. Higher salary is correlated with more positive attitude about caring AIDS patients. Better behavior intention is noted in higher rank of nursing professional qualification. Regression analysis shows the variables of attitude is knowledge and behavior intention, knowledge and attitude would affect behavior intention, but attitude and behavior intention is not the predicting factor of knowledge.
The nurse’s knowledge about AIDS is positively related to attitude and behavior intention. The result recommends providing in-service training and education programs of AIDS in the hospital.
Keywords: nursing staff, AIDS, knowledge, attitude, behavior intention
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Kao, Chien-Hui, and 高千惠. "Effects of oral health education on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of Hospital Nurses toward the Ward Patients." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07774580049873387417.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班<br>101<br>Background
Oral care is an important part of nursing. The main purpose is to help patients maintain their oral hygiene and comfort. Effective oral nursing care can prevent serious infection. The nursing personnel might ignore a patient’s oral hygiene because they deal with more complicated systemic diseases. This is attributed to their basic nursing training emphasizing less on a patient’s oral care. Presently, oral health care in Taiwan focuses mostly on pupils in nurseries and elementary schools. Otherwise, teaching material provided to in-patient oral care for nursing personnel is limited. Through a designed intervention oral hygiene teaching curriculum, we hope to emphasize not only the importance of oral nursing care, but also to alter the behavior and attitude of oral care in nursing personnel.
Study Objectives
The objective of this study is to develop a teaching program in oral hygiene education to establish proper knowledge, attitude, and behavior suitable for nursing personnel. This research also investigated the efficiency of nursing personnel providing in-patient oral care knowledge, attitude, and behavior after oral hygiene education.
Methods
The samples were selected from 2 district teaching hospitals in Tainan city.Samples included nursing personnel in the department of internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics,obstetric-gynecology, adult ICU, and pediatric ICU. Nursing heads and physician assistants were not included. A total of 250 nursing personnel were selected, 146 in the experimental group and 104 in the control group. A 6-hour oral hygiene lecture and 1-hour actual clinical training was conducted by dentists and oral hygiene professionals. The data was collected from a questionnaire titled “investigation of nursing personnel providing in-patient oral nursing care knowledge, attitude, and behavior”over a period of 6 months. The questionnaire was given in 3 time frames; before lecture, immediately after-lecture,and after 3 months, to the experimental and control groups. Descriptive analysis, match-paired t-test, and variable analysis were used for statistical analyses.
Results
The experimental group showed a higher score immediately after-lecture and after 3 months, as compared to the control group(P<0.05). Oral hygiene behavior of nursing personnel in frequency and method of tooth brushing, and duration of a toothbrush used scored higher than the control group(P<0.05).Background analysis found that oral hygiene knowledge and behavior in nursing personnel is related to status, working unit, assumed position, and weather they attended oral hygiene education within the previous year.
Conclusion
This study showed that oral hygiene education intervention is effective. The designed curriculum can be a reference for hospitals to promote oral hygiene. Oral cleaning and hygiene are a key to eradicate oral bacterial growth of in-patients, and nursing personnel should become a conduit. Therefore, consistent and up to date oral nursing care knowledge, behavior, and attitude to care is needed. The most effective way to learn oral nursing care related knowledge is through persistent life-time learning.
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Schneider, Constance L. "Customers' perceptions of dietitian services in an Oregon community hospital." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27211.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to explore patients' perceptions of services
provided by hospital dietitians. The two-phase study included: (1) personal
interviews of thirty-one patients to determine service attributes believed important
when receiving a dietitian's service, and (2) development of a survey instrument,
NUTRI-SERVE. Responses were obtained from 103 inpatients and 107 outpatients
to identify service dimensions, differences in rating dimensions by patient group
and gender, and relationships between dimensions, satisfaction, and
recommendation of services.
Results of personal interviews via qualitative analysis were used to develop
NUTRI-SERVE. The survey format was a seven-point agreement scale. The
instrument was reviewed for face validity and pilot tested.
For the hospital survey, patients were randomly selected and surveyed by
telephone; response was 87%. An a priori analysis approach was utilized
examining dimensions with factor analysis to assess unidimensionality. Service
dimensions: rationale, teach, motivate, care and consideration, reliability and responsiveness, and support staffphis outcome dimensions: learn and belief in the
dietitian resulted. The factored scales demonstrated reliability.
Outpatients rated service and outcome dimensions significantly more
favorably than inpatients. Male outpatients rated and recommended the majority of
services and outcomes significantly higher than female outpatients. The support
staff dimension was rated highest by patients, while the teach dimension was rated
lowest. The lowest rated outcome was learn. Inpatients and outpatients equally
rated satisfaction with the dietitian's services favorably.
Service and outcome dimensions were highly correlated. Motivate was the
strongest driver for satisfaction and recommendation of services. Care and
consideration was the strongest driver for motivate. Satisfaction with handouts was
a driver for outpatient service dimensions, while satisfaction with the diet
instruction room was a greater driver for inpatients. A customer service model was
developed from these dimensions.
This research provides insight into patients' perspective of service quality
relating to hospital dietitians. It suggests satisfaction with dietetic education in an
outpatient setting is strongly related to successfully learning the diet. This could be
a useful management and marketing tool for dietetic managers, educators, and
dietetic interns. Further research using NUTRI-SERVE is recommended to explore
demographic and regional perceptions of service quality in dietetics.<br>Graduation date: 2003
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Otieno, Florence Awino. "Patient perception of quality of care and service delivery in emergency departments in Gauteng: a case study of one public hospital." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/715.
Full textAbstract:
Quality of health care delivered in the public sector remains a major challenge with diminishing resources to meet the increasing health care demands. Improvements in quality health care are identified in the Department of Health’s strategic framework as a key challenge. In order to improve quality, one needs to measure it. The patients’ views are important in identifying what is important to them. Inexpensive, easy to collect metrics need to be developed to measure quality of care. The study investigated perceptions of patients as a reflection of quality of care provided. The study also determined the key success factors in quality care in emergency departments and priorities of quality of care for improvement. A prospective study was conducted using one of Gauteng hospitals’ emergency departments as a case study. A structured questionnaire based on an overall care index focusing on specific dimensions of patients’ experience with health care was used to collect the data. Quantitative analysis was done using the Epi Info statistical package and the results summarised in frequency diagrams and tables. The findings indicate that waiting time is a major factor in perception of quality of health care. Although other hospitality issues in health care are important to patients, the degree to which they affect perception of quality of health care is difficult to determine because of the overwhelming influence of waiting time. It is recommended that priorities in addressing what users really want from health care should concentrate on strategies to shorten the waiting time. It is further recommended that a similar study be carried out in future once the waiting times have been improved considerably thus eliminating its excessive influence. This may highlight other variables important to the patients that may need to be improved in order to improve quality of care.<br>Dr. Susan Jennifer Armstrong
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Pillay, Basil Joseph. "A study of the relation between health attitudes, values and beliefs and help-seeking behaviour with special reference to a representative sample of black patients attending a general hospital." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/312.
Full textAbstract:
There is strong evidence supporting the view that beliefs and attitudes influence health
behaviour. Furthermore, cultural and social beliefs also have been shown to influence the
way health care facilities are used. Although western medicine plays a dominant role in the
mass control of disease, traditional or folk medicine continues to play an important role in
the health care of black communities. They therefore, possess unique attitudes, values and
beliefs about health and illness which integrally influence their health behaviour.
This study aims therefore to: understand phenomenologically the urban African’s
perception of illness, disease and health; identify attitudes that directly influence health
behaviour: identify “trigger factors” that precipitate health action and isolate factors that contribute to “negative” health behaviour.
The sample in this study consisted of 3 groups of urban Africans who were 20 years and older. Group 1 comprised first time attenders to a medical outpatients department Group 2 and Group 3 were sample groups drawn from the Umlazi Township and the Kwa Mashu Township respectively. The Health and Illness Battery in the language of the participants
were administered by trained interviewers.
This study has demonstrated the following: urban Africans have a personal conception of
illness, health and disease that influences their manner of help‐seeking; there are certain
attitudes and beliefs that directly influence both positive and negative health behaviour;.
there are several health beliefs which interact in a complex way and may lead to medical
help‐seeking. Health action was found to be influenced by significant individuals in the
subject's environment; demographic variables, such as, age, sex, education and urbanisation
strongly influence the health and illness beliefs; these results validated some of the fundamental aspects of the common western health and illness models; the use of services
and facilities are determined by the location, accessibility and the quality of services;
financial costs, time, transport, lack of community supports, negatively affected helpseeking; symptoms have been identified as a “trigger factor” of help‐seeking. Individuals use other forms of treatments independent of medical treatments. A model of help‐seeking for urban Africans is proposed.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1993.
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Mkhombe, Nomfundo Fortunate. "Awareness about diabetic retinopathy and retinal screening among female diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in a day hospital in Cape Town, South Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20694.
Full textAbstract:
A non-experimental quantitative, descriptive and contextual study which sought to examine the level of awareness about Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), and how aware female diabetic patients were about retinal screening as a preventative measure to eye complications and blindness was conducted. The objective of the study was to explore and describe the variables related to the awareness level of female diabetic patients about Diabetic Retinopathy and diabetic retinal screening. A convenient sample of 149 respondents was obtained. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), 13.0 computer software program. Results evidenced a good level of awareness about DR. Recommendations based on the findings were made for consideration in clinical practice, education and research.<br>Health Studies<br>M.P.H.
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Bam, Nokwanda. "Exploring the lived experiences of nurses caring for the terminally ill patients with AIDS in selected wards in a level one district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11118.
Full textAbstract:
Title: Exploring the lived experiences of nurses caring for the terminally ill patients with AIDS in selected wards in a level one district hospital.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of nurses caring for dying patients with AIDS in the context of palliative care.
Methodology: The study explored the meaning of caring and terminal illness and the lived experiences of nurses in the context of AIDS in palliative care. A constructivist paradigm underpinned this study. A qualitative research approach was used and Giorgi’s five steps of analysis were aligned to the Husserlian phenomenology method to make sense of the data. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with ten of the operational nurses who were caring for patients suffering from AIDS in the palliative care wards of a level one state-aided district hospital. These included professional nurses, enrolled nurses and enrolled nursing assistants. The interviews were audio-taped.
Findings: The findings of the study were presented and discussed according to the two categories that emerged during the data analysis, namely, conceptualization of the core concepts of caring and terminal illness and the experiences of caring in the context of palliative care. Each of these categories had themes and sub-themes that were presented and discussed. The conceptualization of the core terms influenced the nurses’ actions, behaviors and opinions as they described their experiences of taking care of terminally ill patients who suffered from AIDS. The nurses’ lived experiences were conceptualized into three main themes: the social networking that enabled the nurses to collaborate with colleagues in the interdisciplinary teams and share knowledge, skills and support within the palliative care team to optimize patient outcomes; factors hindering the nurses abilities to provide quality care to their
patients and the internal and external mechanisms that enabled the nurses to provide care within palliative care contexts despite the encountered challenges.
Conclusion: Nurses are exposed to increasing work-load in the context of HIV/AIDS, particularly in the care of terminally ill patients suffering from AIDS as they deal with complex emotional aspects of the diseases. Routine exposure to suffering and death accustom the nurses to dealing with death, resulting in situations where they display lack of care and respect for the terminal patients. Therefore, the antecedents that alter the nurses’ level of caring augmented by the emotionally taxing contexts are an agenda that needs to be addressed in order to achieve emotional work through improved nurse-patient relationships.<br>Thesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Helelo, Anteneh Zewdie. "Clients' perspectives of quality emergency obstetric care in public health facilities in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13789.
Full textAbstract:
The contribution of Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) in reducing maternal mortality in Ethiopia is very minimal as evidenced by poor provision and low utilization of EmOC. Client centred EmOC provision improves the provision and utilization of EmOC; leading to the treatment of the majority of obstetric complications which are the main causes of maternal mortality. This study describes clients’ views and perspectives concerning the quality of EmOC provision in Ethiopian public health facilities. An explorative and descriptive phenomenological qualitative study design was used in the study in order to explore and describe the lived experiences of clients with EmOC services. Key informant interviews with women who had direct obstetric complications and received EmOC at three public health facilities in Addis Ababa generated rich data on their lived experiences. Content analysis was used to analyze the data as it complies with the phenomenological data analysis and Atlas ti version 6.2 qualitative data analysis software was employed. The findings revealed that quality EmOC is a welcoming, life-saving timely care given in a clean environment with humility, respect, equal treatment and encouragement. It is care that is safe for the client, technically sound, responsive and meets clients’ needs and expectations. Accessibility of life saving care at all time and collaborative and coordinated care created good experiences for the clients. The causes of clients’ disappointment with the provision of EmOC were higher expectations from female providers, underestimation by providers, non responsive providers, and ethical misconduct by providers such as mocking, insulting, yelling, advantage taking providers, undelivered promises by providers, expectation with place of delivery, expectation with newborn care and a limited number of health workers attending delivery. Discrimination, high cost of care and asking client to buy drugs and supplies and referrals from centres, are some of the barriers on r the use of EmOC at public health facilities. The provision of EmOC is constrained by overloaded staffs, shortage of space to accommodate clients and inadequate number of beds. In conclusion, clients have expectations and experiences of provision of EmOC that influence their future decision to seek care. Finally, a client centred guideline for the provision of client centred EmOC provision was developed.<br>Health Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Sithole, Bongani Mildred. "Factors that influence treatment adherence for people living with HIV and accessing antiretroviral theraphy in rural communities in Mpumalanga." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11897.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)<br>This study sought to investigate factors that influence adherence to treatment amongst rural people living with HIV and accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Shongwe hospital in Mpumalanga. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. From patients’ case files, a sample of twenty-eight respondents was recruited for the completion of questionnaires. A focus group discussion with nine participants was held, followed by qualitative interviews with three key informants. Findings indicated that a complex web of factors unique to each patient’s social context plays a role in determining whether or not patients adhere to their regimens. Obstacles to adherence are poor social support, problems relating to disclosure, unemployment and economic hardship, traditional and religious beliefs, the quality and nature of adherence counselling and treatment side effects.<br>Sociology
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Wodajo, Befekadu Sedeta. "HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination reduction-intervention strategy in health care settings of Amahara Region, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19886.
Full textAbstract:
Stigma and discrimination (SAD) attached to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been recognised as a major obstacle to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support throughout the world. SAD is more devastating when it occurs in health care settings where it is least expected. Health care providers (HCPs) are supposed to provide physical, social and psychological support to people living with HIV (PLWHA) but HIV and AIDS-related SAD has been extensively documented among the HCPs. Different studies have pointed out that there are three major actionable causes of HIV-related SAD in health care settings. These are lack of awareness among HCPs, fear of casual contacts and associating the SAD to immoral behaviour. The main objective of the current study is to determine the magnitude of HIV and AIDS-related SAD and its associated factors in hospitals and then to propose appropriate SAD reduction-intervention strategy in the health care settings. The study employed pre-test-post-test design with non-equivalent control group. Two paradigms were used in this study including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sampling method for the quantitative part of the study was probability sampling in which the respondents were randomly selected using stratified sampling technique. The study was able to determine the magnitude of HIV and AIDS-related SAD among the HCPs. Moreover, the study has identified the factors that are attributed to the prevalence of SAD in the hospitals. The major factors identified for causing the SAD in the hospitals were sex, age, work experience, low level of knowledge, negative attitudes and percieved risk of HIV infection of some HCPs toward the PLWHA. The intervention made on the respondents in the treatment group was able to reduce the overall prevalence of the SAD among the HCPs. The study suggests that to reduce the SAD, HIV and AIDS-related trainings before and after graduation is critical to improve the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the HCPs. Besides, ensuring the availability of the protective supplies in hospitals is crucial in reducing the fear of HIV infection among the HCPs while providing care for HIV positive patients. Effective implementation of the hospital policies, strategies, guidelines and protocols along with good institutional support is also vital in creating safe and user-friendly hospitals for PLWHA<br>Health Studies<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)