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Studer, Helene, Fabienne Boeni, Kurt E. Hersberger, and Markus L. Lampert. "Pharmaceutical Discharge Management: Implementation in Swiss Hospitals Compared to International Guidelines." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (February 7, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010033.
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Readmissions to the hospital are frequent after hospital discharge. Pharmacist-led interventions have been shown to reduce readmissions. The objective of this study was to describe pharmacist-led interventions to support patients’ medication management at hospital discharge in Switzerland and to compare them to international guidelines. We conducted a national online survey among chief hospital pharmacists focusing on medication management at hospital discharge. To put our findings in perspective, Cochrane reviews and guidelines were searched for summarised evidence and recommendations on interventions. Based on answers in the survey, hospitals with implemented models to support patients at discharge were selected for in-depth interviews. In semi-structured interviews, they were asked to describe pharmacists’ involvement in the patients’ pathway throughout the hospital stay. In Swiss hospitals (n = 44 survey participants), interventions to support patients at discharge were frequently implemented, mostly “patient education” (n = 40) and “communication to primary care provider” (n = 34). These interventions were commonly recommended in guidelines. Overall, pharmacists were rarely involved in the interventions on a regular basis. When pharmacists were involved, the services were provided by hospital pharmacies or collaborating community pharmacies. In conclusion, interventions recommended in guidelines were frequently implemented in Swiss hospitals, however pharmacists were rarely involved.
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Larasanty, Luh Putu Febryana, Kadek Nadia Marta Dewi, and Made Ary Sarasmita. "PHARMACIST PROFESSION STUDENT PERCEPTION ABOUT PHARMACIST ROLE IN PHARMACY, COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER AND HOSPITAL." Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jpsa.2020.v02.i02.p06.
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Background: Pharmacists play a role as a part of health services both at pharmacies, hospitals and community health centers. Pharmaceutical care was regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. In the internship, students of the Pharmacists program Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University can see clearly how the implementation of the role of Pharmacists in the Pharmacy, Hospital and Community Health Center. Objective: This study aims to assess the perceptions (responses) of Pharmacist students on the role of Pharmacists in various pharmacy services. Methods: This study used a one-group posttest only design methods. The population of the study used all of the Pharmacist students who were internship at the Pharmacy, Community Health Center and Hospital. The research instrument used a closed-ended questionnaire about the perceptions of Pharmacist students on the role of Pharmacists in internship locations. Results: The results showed that the role of pharmacists in pharmacies and community health centers was greater in the field of clinical pharmacy services. While in hospitals, pharmacists have a greater role in the field of drug management. Conclusion: Students have a positive perception of the role of pharmacists. There were no significant differences in perceptions of Pharmacist students on the role of Pharmacists in the field of drug management and clinical pharmacy services (p> 0.05).
Keywords: pharmacist, pharmaceutical care, perception, role, students
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Tan, Amy CW, Lynne M. Emmerton, H. Laetitia Hattingh, and Adam La Caze. "Funding issues and options for pharmacists providing sessional services to rural hospitals in Australia." Australian Health Review 39, no. 3 (2015): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14081.
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Objective Many of Australia’s rural hospitals operate without an on-site pharmacist. In some, community pharmacists have sessional contracts to provide medication management services to inpatients. This paper discusses the funding arrangements of identified sessional employment models to raise awareness of options for other rural hospitals. Methods Semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with rural pharmacists with experience in a sessional employment role (n = 8) or who were seeking sessional arrangements (n = 4). Participants were identified via publicity and referrals. Interviews were conducted via telephone or Skype for ~40–55 min each, recorded and analysed descriptively. Results A shortage of state funding and reliance on federal funding was reported. Pharmacists accredited to provide medication reviews claimed remuneration via these federal schemes; however, restrictive criteria limited their scope of services. Funds pooling to subsidise remuneration for the pharmacists was evident and arrangements with local community pharmacies provided business frameworks to support sessional services. Conclusion Participants were unaware of each other’s models of practice, highlighting the need to share information and these findings. Several similarities existed, namely, pooling funds and use of federal medication review remuneration. Findings highlighted the need for a stable remuneration pathway and business model to enable wider implementation of sessional pharmacist models. What is known about the topic? Many rural hospitals lack an optimal workforce to provide comprehensive health services, including pharmaceutical services. One solution to address medication management shortfalls is employment of a local community pharmacist or consultant pharmacist on a sessional basis in the hospital. There is no known research into remuneration options for pharmacists providing sessional hospital services. What does this paper add? Viability of services and financial sustainability are paramount in rural healthcare. This paper describes and compares the mechanisms initiated independently by hospitals or pharmacists to meet the medication needs of rural hospital patients. Awareness of the funding arrangements provides options for health service providers to extend services to other rural communities. What are the implications for practitioners? Rural practitioners who identify unmet service needs may be inspired to explore funding arrangements successfully implemented by our participants. Innovative use of existing funding schemes has potential to create employment options for rural practitioners and increase provision of services in rural areas.
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Olubunmi Afolabi, M., and T. Oyedepo Oyebisi. "Pharmacists' Perceptions of Barriers to Automation in Selected Hospital Pharmacies in Nigeria." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 20, no. 1 (February 2007): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190007302894.
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The study examined pharmacists' perceptions of possible barriers to the introduction of automated techniques in hospital pharmacy systems. The research method was a questionnaire survey of a random sample of practicing pharmacists in 3 teaching hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 53 questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 65%. Results of the study showed that pharmacists had inherent fears about the feasibility of automation in hospital pharmacy practice, though they recognized the potential benefits and they were generally supportive of introducing some forms of automation into the work systems. Most of the respondents were proficient in computing and basic concepts of pharmacy automation, but pharmacists with a low level of computer literacy rated higher in their perceptions of potential barriers to pharmacy automation. The attitudinal disposition presented a significant potential barrier to the technology, particularly among the grades of staff that probably viewed the innovation as a threat to their continued employment. The variables of gender, status, and type of hospital unit were not significant factors in the pharmacists' perceptions. Suggestions for successful implementation of the technological change are provided for pharmacy directors and hospital administrators, especially in respect to improved management commitment and structural facilities.
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Kiswanto, Kiswanto. "Working Condition And The Convenience Of Organization Environment Related With Performance Of Pharmacist Assistant." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 3, no. 5 (March 28, 2018): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol3.iss5.153.
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Organization support is one of the determining factors in improving the performance of the employees. Organization support consisting of organizational factor, convenience environment, the provision of the infrastructure the selection of technology and working proviso condition. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between organization support and performance of pharmacist assistant at the pharmacies division of the district general hospital Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru of Riau province. This was an analytic quantitative study with the cross sectional design to 53 pharmacist assistants as population. The study was used total sampling. The data were collected by using questionnaire and analyzed with univariate and bivariate. The results showed 49% pharmacist assistants having poor performance. There was a significant relationship between working condition (p-value = 0,04), the convenience of organization environment (p-value = 0,019) with the performance of pharmacist assistant. Its Expected the hospital management to improve the convenience of organization environment at the pharmacies division and also improve the health program and salvation for pharmacist assistant.
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Farinha, Helena, and Rute Varela. "Quality management systems in Portuguese hospital pharmacies: Figure 1." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 19, no. 4 (August 2012): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000150.
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Wibowo, Yosi, Richard Parsons, Bruce Sunderland, and Jeffery Hughes. "An evaluation of community pharmacy-based services for type 2 diabetes in an Indonesian setting: patient survey." PeerJ 3 (December 10, 2015): e1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1449.
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Background.Diabetes is an emerging chronic disease in developing countries. Its management in developing countries is mainly hospital/clinic based. The increasing diabetes burden in developing countries provides opportunities for community pharmacists to deliver a range of services. Since the management of diabetes requires the patient’s own involvement, it is important to gain their views in order to develop pharmacy-based diabetes services. Studies on diabetes patients’ views have been limited to developed countries.Objectives.To investigate, within a developing country setting (Indonesia), current use of pharmacy services by type 2 diabetes patients, and to evaluate their views regarding community pharmacists’ roles, and the characteristics that influence their views.Methods.A questionnaire survey was conducted within 10 purposefully selected community pharmacies in Surabaya, Indonesia. Each pharmacy recruited approximately 20 patients seeking antidiabetic medications. Usage of pharmacy services was identified using binary responses (‘yes’/‘no’) and views on pharmacists’ roles were rated using Likert scales; an open-ended question was used to identify patient perceived priority roles. Logistic regression models were used to determine characteristics associated with patients’ views.Results.A total of 196 pharmacy patients with type 2 diabetes responded (58.3% response rate). Most patients used community pharmacies for dispensing (100%) and education on how to use medications (79.6%). There were mixed views towards pharmacists providing services beyond dispensing. The highest priorities identified were from the ‘patient education’ domain: education on medications (i.e., directions for use (64.5%), storage (26.6%), common/important adverse effects (25.5%)); and the ‘monitoring’ domain: monitoring medication compliance (37.3%). Patients with higher incomes or who were working were less supportive of these expanded services, whereas patients who previously used a service, those with risk factors for complications or having poor/unknown glycaemic control were more supportive.Conclusions.Community pharmacies in Surabaya, Indonesia in this study were mainly utilised for dispensing. However, many type 2 diabetes patients using these pharmacies report limited monitoring of blood glucose levels and poor glycaemic control, which indicates an opportunity for greater pharmacist involvement. Yet for this to occur, patients’ limited expectations of pharmacists roles will need to be broadened. Characteristics influencing these views should inform the development of pharmacy-based diabetes services in the environment of the burgeoning burden of diabetes.
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Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Muhammad Mansour, Alessandro Bonsignore, and Rosagemma Ciliberti. "The Role of Hospital and Community Pharmacists in the Management of COVID-19: Towards an Expanded Definition of the Roles, Responsibilities, and Duties of the Pharmacist." Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030140.
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Since late December 2019, a novel, emerging coronavirus was identified as the infectious agent responsible for a generally mild but sometimes severe and even life-threatening disease, termed as “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). The pathogen was initially named as “2019 novel coronavirus” (2019-nCoV) and later renamed as “Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus type 2” (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 quickly spread from the first epicenter, the city of Wuhan, province of Hubei, mainland China, into neighboring countries, and became a global pandemic. As of July 15th 2020, the outbreak is still ongoing, with SARS-CoV-2 affecting 213 countries and territories. The coronavirus has caused a dramatic toll of deaths and imposed a severe burden, both from a societal and economic point of view. COVID-19 has challenged health systems, straining and overwhelming healthcare facilities and settings, including hospital and community pharmacies. On the other hand, COVID-19 has propelled several changes. During the last decades, pharmacy has shifted from being products-based and patient-facing to being services-based and patient-centered. Pharmacies have transitioned from being compounding centers devoted to the manipulation of materia medica to pharmaceutical centers, clinical pharmacies and fully integrated “medical-pharmaceutical networks”, providing a significant range of non-prescribing services. Moreover, roles, duties and responsibilities of pharmacists have paralleled such historical changes and have known a gradual expansion, incorporating new skills and reflecting new societal demands and challenges. The COVID-19 outbreak has unearthed new opportunities for pharmacists: community and hospital pharmacists have, indeed, played a key role during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that a fully integrated, inter-sectoral and inter-professional collaboration is necessary to face crises and public health emergencies. Preliminary, emerging evidence seems to suggest that, probably, a new era in the history of pharmacies (“the post-COVID-19 post-pharmaceutical care era”) has begun, with community pharmacists acquiring more professional standing, being authentic heroes and frontline health workers.
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Ernest E, Onuiri, Oyebanji Inalegwu G, Fayehun Solomon A, and Chukwujioke Sam-David. "Online Pharmaceutical Management System." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 12 (April 28, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n12p139.
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Pharmaceutical practices have evolved over time to become fully encompassed in all aspects of pharmacy itself. Such practices include: dispensing of drugs, consultation, drug regulation, and the sale of these drugs. The community pharmacies and hospital pharmacies have key roles to play in the pharmaceutical practices. For the community pharmacies in Sub- Saharan Africa, a strict approach to the sale and dispensation of drugs is not normally the case, due to the fact that laws governing pharmaceutical practices have not been fully enforced. On the part of the hospital pharmacies, there is a more controlled approach to the dispensing of drugs, as the prescriptions are readily available from the in-house doctors. There is a need for these practices to be fully enforced, and a management system introduced to the fray. With software such as the Online Pharmaceutical Management System, which provides a platform has been provided to help with drug regulation, as well as providing ease to all parties involved. The methodology used in the implementation of the software is the Incremental Model of System Development Life Cycle, which allows room for scalability as time goes on. Creating an Online Pharmaceutical Management System would help in pharmaceutical practices for all parties involved. It is eminent that the system provides a safe, secure and verified platform for all parties which help to bridge the communication gap and provide legitimate drugs. Therefore, if all recommendations are strictly adhered to, there will be strict monitoring and regulation of how drugs are circulated and a decrease in the spread of fake drugs.
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Almaghaslah, Dalia, Abdulrhman Alsayari, Saleh Ali Alyahya, Rana Alshehri, Khawlah Alqadi, and Sumiah Alasmari. "Using Design Thinking Principles to Improve Outpatients’ Experiences in Hospital Pharmacies: A Case Study of Two Hospitals in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070854.
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Introduction: Design thinking, an innovative problem-solving approach, has gained wide popularity in healthcare disciplines. The aim of this work is to improve outpatients’ experiences in hospital pharmacies in two hospitals in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The design thinking approach, adopted from Stanford University’s D-School, was used in this study. Results: Several problems were identified: lack of comfortable environment in the pharmacies’ waiting area, lack of a queue management system, and workflow inefficiencies related to ordering and supplies of medicines. A prototype was proposed to overcome these challenges. Discussion and Conclusion: The design thinking approach helped in identifying end-user (patients visiting outpatient pharmacies) values and desires and provided an understanding of their struggles. It also proposed tailored solutions that could improve patients’ experiences while using the services of the outpatient pharmacies.
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Anagnostis, Ellena, Cindy Wordell, Roy Guharoy, Robert Beckett, and Venessa Price. "A National Survey on Hospital Formulary Management Processes." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24, no. 4 (July 18, 2011): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011407777.
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Purpose: In light of formulary management guidelines from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), and discussion of pharmacies' noncompliance with recent Joint Commission accreditation requirements, the University HealthSystem Consortium conducted a formulary management survey to determine member institutions' standard of practice. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to 227 institutions. Questions pertained to formulary structure, policies and procedures to manage formulary processes, tracking nonformulary medication use, pharmacoeconomic assessment, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved versus off-label medication use. Results: Fifty-two institutions across the United States provided responses. Most institutions maintain written policies for how medications are requested (94%) and reviewed (88%) for formulary addition; 92% of institutions have a nonformulary medication process. Nonformulary medication use is tracked at 88% of institutions, and 85% of institutions conduct pharmacoeconomic analyses. Regarding The Joint Commission’s requirement to approve drugs for specific indications, 40% of institutions approve drugs for all FDA-approved indications; 35% of institutions have not formally addressed this requirement. Approximately 31% of the institutions have a policy for approving a medication for an off-label indication. Conclusion: Portions of the ASHP guidelines have been implemented by most institutions, while 35% of institutions have yet to address The Joint Commission’s clarification to approve drugs for specific indications.
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Saha, Tushar, Robiul Hasan Bhuiya, Zia Uddin Masum, Muhammad Rashedul Islam, and Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury. "Hospital Pharmacy Management System and Future Development Approaches in Bangladeshi Hospital." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v20i2.37883.
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The aim of this present work is to find out a suitable and updated hospital pharmacy management system for Bangladesh. Hospital pharmacy is considered as the heart of any hospital because all the departments like surgery, cardiology, nephrology, medicine, pediatric etc. are linked up with pharmacy section. Although the pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh is enriched so much and the product is up to the mark but the improper management system in hospital pharmacies make the patient’s burden high. So, development is required in hospital pharmacy to ensure the proper choice, preparation, store, compounding and dispense of medicine as well as medical devices along with counseling for patient’s safety and compliance.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 180-187, 2017
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Ubohov, S. H., V. V. Trokhymchuk, G. V. Zagoriy, and L. O. Fedorova. "Study of the state of readiness of pharmaceutical institutions of Ukraine for implementation of integrated quality systems." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.2.19.01.
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One of the most promising ways to increase the efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises in the field of quality assurance of medicines is the introduction of integrated quality systems (IQS).
The aim of the work is to study of the state of readiness of pharmaceutical institutions (pharmaceutical warehouses, pharmacies) and hospital pharmaceutical services of Ukraine for the implementation of integrated quality systems.
The materials of the research are: scientific publications; regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; public reporting information of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control; information posted on professional specialized websites and official websites of pharmaceutical enterprises, hospitals, health departments of local government; information obtained in the process of direct observation and questionnaire survey. Research methods are: systematic review, generalization, observation, questionnaire survey, mathematical-statistical, graphical modeling.
The paper analyzes the availability of certificates of conformity to the requirements of good distribution practice (GDP) in wholesale pharmaceutical enterprises of Ukraine. The geography of the location of certified pharmaceutical warehouses in different regions of Ukraine is considered. In the context of the prospect of formation of IQS, the experience of a wholesale pharmaceutical company with respect to environmental, hygiene and safety and social responsibility is demonstrated. Based on the study of public information, the state of implementation of certified quality management systems (QMS) based on the standard ISO 9001 in pharmacies and hospitals of Ukraine is considered. The expediency of the development of the pharmaceutical IQS as an integral part of the overall QMS of the hospital is shown. Through the questionnaire survey of pharmacists, the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS based on the requirements of good practices and international standards in the field of quality, ecology, health and safety and social responsibility was explored. The state of implementation of good pharmaceutical practice (GPP), the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard, the risk management process for medicines quality, corrective and preventive actions has been studied in pharmacies. Positive tendencies and problems in the context of the readiness of pharmacies of Ukraine for the implementation of IQS have been established. Priority steps for improving the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS are identified.
The research results confirm that over the last years the pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine has made significant progress towards increasing the readiness of pharmaceutical institutions for the implementation of integrated quality systems.
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Pelham, Larry D., Karin E. Bushaw, Michael R. Norwood, and Margaret O'Brien. "Operational Issues for Hospital-Based Home Infusion Pharmacies." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 3, no. 1 (February 1990): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009000300103.
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This article focuses on a nonprofit, hospital-based comprehensive home infusion service in which all intravenous (IV) drugs or nutritional admixtures, professional services, supplies, and reimbursement services are performed solely by inpatient pharmacists, IV therapy nurses, and pharmacy assistants. By modifying an inpatient work load measurement system, additional staff are justified by total time for home infusion service work units. Twenty-four-hour back-up by cross-trained inpatient pharmacists and IV therapy nurses has contributed to the number of patients served by the home infusion service, which has grown steadily. A permanent and complete outpatient medical record is maintained for each patient (separate from inpatient records) in the infusion service and is available for 24-hour easy access for after-hour calls. All multidisciplinary team members participate in formal, weekly patient-care case conferences to review and update all patient therapies. Services covered, billing procedures, procedure codes, allowable charges, prior approval requirements, copayment arrangements, claims processing schedules, and related billing arrangements were first identified. The overall success of the program's reimbursement remains at 85% of charges when combining all patients. Structure, process, and outcome criteria unique to a comprehensive home care quality assurance program evolved from our high volume (total parenteral nutrition [TPN]), high risk (pain management, antibiotics), and problem-prone (TPN, pain management) therapies. Reimbursement remains the most troublesome aspect of initiating a successful hospital-based program. The success of our program depends heavily on the ability to attract and retain a highly motivated professional staff and to maintain strong referral networks with local physicians, hospital discharge planners, and other health care professionals.
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Shahbahrami, Elham, Hanan Amoozad Mahdiraji, and Mahnaz Hosseinzadeh. "Prioritizing Determinants of Drug sustainable supply chain management in Hospital Pharmacies." Journal of Health Administration 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jha.23.2.89.
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Murphy, Sean M., Daniel L. Friesner, and Robert Rosenman. "On the demand for nursing labour in hospital pharmacies." International Journal of Services, Economics and Management 5, no. 3 (2013): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsem.2013.054924.
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Machado, Márcio, Jana Bajcar, Giovanni C. Guzzo, and Thomas R. Einarson. "Sensitivity of Patient Outcomes to Pharmacist Interventions. Part I: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Diabetes Management." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41, no. 10 (October 2007): 1569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1k151.
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Background: Pharmacists participate in managing diabetes therapy. Despite many reviews, few have quantified the impact of pharmacists' interventions. Objectives: TO identity outcomes sensitive to pharmacists' interventions and quantify their impact through critical literature review. Methods: All original research describing the impact of pharmacists' interventions in the management of diabetic pharmacotherapy was sought in International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Register, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature from inception through 2006. Two independent reviewers identified articles, compared results, and settled differences through consensus. The Downs-Black scale was used to assess quality. Data included intervention type, patient numbers, demographics, study characteristics, instruments used, data compared, and outcomes reported. A random-effects meta-analysis combined amenable results. Results: Of 302 articles identified, 108 involved pharmacists' interventions; 36 addressed diabetes (14 medical clinics, 11 community pharmacies, 7 ambulatory care clinics, 4 hospital wards, 1 physician's office, 1 prison, and 3 in both medical clinics and community pharmacies; 1 did not describe its practice site). Research designs included randomized (n = 18) and nonrandomized (n = 9) controlled trials, pre- and postobservational cohorts (n = 2), retrospective cohort study (n = 1), chart reviews (n = 5), and database study (n = 1). Diabetes education (69%) and medication management (61%) were the most frequently used Interventions. Mean ± SD quality was 62 ± 11% (fair). Fifty-one (69%) study results were sensitive, Meta-analysis of data from 2247 patients in 16 studies found a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1C (A1C) levels in the pharmacists' intervention group (1.00 ± 0.28%; p < 0.001) but not in controls (0.28 ± 0.29%; p = 0.335). Pharmacists' interventions further reduced A1C values 0.62 ± 0.29% (p = 0.03) over controls. Conclusions: A1C is sensitive to pharmacists' interventions. Several potentially sensitive outcomes were identified, but too few studies were available for quantitative summaries. More research is needed.
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PAZOUR, JENNIFER A., SARAH E. ROOT, RUSSELL D. MELLER, LISA M. THOMAS, and SCOTT J. MASON. "SELECTING AND ALLOCATING REPACKAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR UNIT-DOSE MEDICATIONS IN HOSPITAL PHARMACIES." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 03 (June 2013): 1340011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013400117.
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To increase patient safety and support bedside-point-of-care medication administration, millions of unit-dose medications are dispensed in hospitals and health systems daily. Because not all medications are available in unit-dose form directly from the manufacturer, hospitals must repackage medications in unit-dose form themselves. We develop a mathematical model that simultaneously determines which level of technology is warranted and how each medication that is not delivered to the pharmacy in unit-dose form should be repackaged subject to multiple constraints. This model has been integrated into a free Excel-based tool available to pharmacy directors. We test our model with data based on small, medium, and large hospitals and conduct sensitivity analyses to gain further insight. We illustrate how the results from our model can aid in incorporating qualitative aspects into technology selection. Our results show that a semi-automated repackaging system is the most economical technology alternative for most hospital pharmacy in-house repackaging operations. This result, however, is sensitive to the number of unit-dose medications to repackage and the available labor.
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Christensen, Maria, Stine A. Knudsen, Hanne Plet, Solveig Bang Lyngsø, and Anne Estrup Olesen. "Emergency drug kits at the Danish hospital pharmacies: varying management and challenges." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 27, no. 4 (November 26, 2018): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001740.
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Amariles, Pedro, Mauricio Ceballos, and Cesar Gonzalez-Giraldo. "Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Colombia." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2159.
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Colombia is a decentralized republic with a population of 50 million, constituted by 32 departments (territorial units) and 1,204 municipalities. The health system provides universal coverage and equal access to health care services to 95% of the population. Primary health care is seen as a practical approach that guarantees the health and well-being of whole-of-society. The National Pharmaceutical Policy (NPP, 2012) goal is "to develop strategies that enable the Colombian population equitable access to effective medicines, through quality pharmaceutical services (PS)”. There are 4,351 providers certified to deliver PS: 3,699 (85%) ambulatory and 652 (15%) hospital care. The goals for PS are: a) promoting healthy lifestyles; b) preventing risk factors arising from medication errors; c) promoting rational use of medicines; and d) implementing Pharmaceutical Care. There are a number of ways that ambulatory patients access medications: through intermediary private companies, public and private hospitals pharmacies, and retail establishments (drugstores and pharmacies). Intermediary private companies are similar to Pharmaceutical Benefits Management in the U.S. health system, and act as intermediaries between health insurers, pharmaceutical laboratories, and patients. Pharmacists are being employed by these companies and in health insurance companies managing, auditing and delivering rational use of medicines programs. In 2014 there were approximately 20,000 pharmacies and drugstores, (private establishments) where a significant number of prescription-only medicines are sold without medical prescription. Colombian laws allow personal without pharmacy education to be a “director” in these establishments, so the training and education of persons working in drugstores and pharmacies is an important challenge. There about 8,000 registered pharmaceutical chemists with 25% to 30% working in patient care. Since the 90´s, there are more favorable conditions for pharmacist’s participation and contribution to health system and patient’s health outcome. These environmental facilitators include: a) laws and regulations regarding pharmaceutical services (2005-2007), b) establishment of a NPP (2012), and c) opportunities associated with the consolidation of private health management companies providing health services with an interest in pharmaceutical services (since 1995). Finally, telepharmacy, comprehensive care routes for pharmaceutical services, and further strengthen of postgraduate training in pharmacy practice are future strategies to improve the pharmacy profession in Colombia. They provide an opportunity to influence the recognition and value of the pharmacist as the health care professional.
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Rabie, Dalia, and Salah I. Kheder. "Assessment of Prescribing and Dispensing Practices Based on WHO Core Prescribing Indicators in Hospital and Community Pharmacies in Khartoum State - Sudan." Journal of Medical Informatics and Decision Making 1, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-5526.jmid-20-3493.
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Background Rational drug management has become an increasingly important topic in order to make optimal use of the drug budget to offer health services of the highest possible standard. It is important that continuous assessment for rational prescribing and use of drug have to be carried. Objective of this study was to gather data on existing drug prescription and dispensing practices and to evaluate the prescribing and dispensing indicators as described by the WHO. Method Observational, cross-sectional, prospective study was designed and conducted to evaluate the performance of hospital and community pharmacies in Khartoum state, related to rational drug use and prescribing and dispensing practices during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. 297 Hospital and community pharmacies from public and private sectors were contacted for carrying out this study survey and the collected data were analysed against WHO standards for core drug use indicators. Results The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.98 drugs. Hospital pharmacies had a higher (4.18±1.516) number of drugs prescribed than community pharmacies (3.87±1.331) with significance difference between mean of two types of pharmacies (P = 0.015). The percentage of antibiotic per prescription was (53.7%). Antibiotic prescribing was much higher (54.0%) in the hospital pharmacies compared to (48.6 %) in community pharmacies. The average percentage of injections per prescription at the facilities was found to be (57.6%). The percentage of prescription with written diagnosis was (26%.0) and the percentage of prescriptions with written dose was (78%.0). The average dispensing time was (1.75) minutes, The Percentage of drugs actually dispensed was (55.99%), the average adequacy of labelling of drugs was (30.4%). Overall prescribing and dispensing indicators were higher than WHO standard. Conclusion The degree of poly pharmacy was greater than of WHO criteria. The completeness and rationality of prescription was found suboptimal and components were missed.
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Ghibu, Steliana, Anca Maria Juncan, Luca Liviu Rus, Adina Frum, Carmen Maximiliana Dobrea, Adriana Aurelia Chiş, Felicia Gabriela Gligor, and Claudiu Morgovan. "The Particularities of Pharmaceutical Care in Improving Public Health Service during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 9776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189776.
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Nowadays, humanity is confronted with one of the most difficult challenges. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified for the first time in Hubei, China in December 2019 and produced the COVID-19 pandemic, a devastating disease that led to many complications and deaths. The authorities and the global healthcare system have been alerted regarding the prevention and treatment of this pathology. Even though worldwide quarantine was declared, health care professionals, including pharmacists, have been at the frontline in this war. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the authorities relied on the involvement of the community, hospital, or clinical pharmacists in offering support to the entire population. Also, the authorities implemented measures for emergency authorization of the vaccines, or the drugs used in COVID-19 treatment. In order to facilitate the population’s access to healthcare services, the authorities have established regulations regarding, the extension of prescriptions by pharmacists, working hours, prevention of shortages and price-increase, drive-thru services, etc. However, several countries have taken financial measures to support the pharmacies’ activity. At the same time, pharmaceutical associations elaborated guidelines for the protection of pharmacists and patients alike. Additionally, the pharmacies have come to support the health system and patients by adapting pharmaceutical care to the new needs like preparation and supply of disinfectants, patient care, information, and counseling, especially to COVID-19 patients, as well as the implementation of home drugs-delivery systems. The important roles played by pharmacists were to perform COVID-19 tests and further vaccines, as well as to combat the abundance of misinformation and fake news. The clinical and hospital pharmacy services have also been adapted. Strengthening the role of the pharmacist in the medical team was important for the purpose of providing correct and complete information regarding drugs used in the COVID-19 pathology. In all these activities, pharmacists needed creativity and professionalism, but also the support of pharmacy owners and managers. With this crisis, pharmaceutical care has entered a new phase, demonstrating the ability of pharmacists to be competent and accessible providers of public health. Based on this information, we conducted a narrative review whose purpose was to identify the impact of the authorities’ decisions on pharmaceutical practice, the involvement of professional associations, and the responsibilities of the pharmacy owners and management. On the other hand, we performed a global assessment on the pharmaceutical care services provided by community pharmacists as well as by clinical or hospital pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Samrin-Balch, Lamia, and Jessica Laxaman. "P50 Time and motion study to assess workload versus staffing at in paediatric hospital chemotherapy manufacturing unit." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): e33.1-e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.59.
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ObjectivesIn order to improve efficiency of the staff workload in the Paediatric Hospital Chemotherapy Manufacturing Unit, tasks conducted by the pharmacy staff were evaluated with their expected roles. The aims of this study were to establish an understanding of the workload at this unit and to develop a proposal for the unit to become technician-led.MethodsThe time taken to perform a pre-determined list of tasks by the senior pharmacy technician was recorded, collated, and compared to tasks performed by the pharmacist. This established the key activities that could be delegated from the pharmacist and the senior pharmacy technician to other members of staff. The findings were discussed with a focus group to establish the efficiency of the manufacturing unit and enable a proposal to be formed.Key findingsA substantial part of the pharmacist’s and senior pharmacy technician’s time was spent on activities which could be delegated to other members of staff of a lower pay band. The financial implication of this estimated that there would be a reduction of around £8,696.70 with the correct utilisation of the staff members. The pharmacists leading this manufacturing unit were spending most of their time on computing and training, therefore reducing the time available for them to focus on patient-facing clinical activities.ConclusionsThe current skill mix was highlighted as being inefficient, due to a lack of delegation from the pharmacists and senior pharmacy technician. A technician-led manufacturing unit can improve the focus of pharmacists on clinical tasks while reducing the cost of activities.ReferencesLord Carter of Coles. Operational productivity and performance in English NHS acute hospitals: unwarranted variations. An independent report for the Department of Health 2016; 10–11: 34–40.Willett MS BK, Rich DS, Ereshefsky L. Prospectus on the economic value of clinical pharmacy services. A position statement of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy 1989; 9:45–50.Barnett MJ, et al. Analysis of pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (MTM) services in community pharmacies over 7 years. J Manag Care Pharm 2009;15:18–31.Napier P, et al. Introducing a checking technician allows pharmacists to spend more time on patient-focused activities. Res Social AdmPharm 2018;14:382–386.
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Yen-Ju Lin, Blossom, Ying-Chen Yeh, and Wen-Hung Lin. "The Influence of Job Characteristics on Job Outcomes of Pharmacists in Hospital, Clinic, and Community Pharmacies." Journal of Medical Systems 31, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10916-007-9059-y.
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Hsu, Edbert B., Julie A. Casani, Al Romanosky, Michael G. Millin, Christa M. Singleton, John Donohue, E. Robert Feroli, et al. "Are Regional Hospital Pharmacies Prepared for Public Health Emergencies?" Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 4, no. 3 (September 2006): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2006.4.237.
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Burda, Anthony M., and Todd Sigg. "Pharmacy Preparedness for Incidents Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 13, no. 2 (April 2000): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719000001300205.
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Recent worldwide terrorist acts and hoaxes have heightened awareness that incidents involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD) may occur in the United States. With federal funding assistance, local domestic preparedness programs have been initiated to train and equip emergency services and emergency department personnel in the management of large numbers of casualties exposed to nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) agents. Hospital pharmacies will be required to provide antidotes, antibiotics, antitoxins, and other pharmaceuticals in large amounts and/or have the capability for prompt procurement. Pharmacists should become knowledgeable in drug therapy of NBC threats with respect to nerve agents, cyanide, pulmonary irritants, radionucleotides, anthrax, botulism, and other possible WMD.
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Burda, Anthony M., and Todd Sigg. "Pharmacy Preparedness for Incidents Involving Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical Weapons." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 17, no. 4 (August 2004): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190004268653.
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Recent worldwide terrorist attacks and hoaxes have heightened awareness that more incidents involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD) may occur in the United States. With federal funding assistance, local domestic preparedness programs have been initiated to train and equip emergency services and emergency department personnel in the management of large numbers of casualties exposed to nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) agents. Hospital pharmacies will be required to provide antidotes, antibiotics, antitoxins, and other pharmaceuticals in large amounts and/or have the capability for prompt procurement. Pharmacists should become knowledgeable in drug therapy of NBC threats with respect to nerve agents, cyanide, pulmonary irritants, radio-nucleotides, anthrax, botulism, and other possible WMD.
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Stewart, Ronald B. "The Future of Pharmacy: Armageddon or Pollyanna?" Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29, no. 12 (December 1995): 1292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809502901219.
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Objective: To review important events and predictions about pharmacy that have occurred in the practice since my career began and describe changes in opportunities that have developed over the past 35 years. Data Sources: I used personal recollections and information from the State of Florida Pharmacy Association journal over a 35-year period. Other supporting data were used to describe current practice opportunities. Data Synthesis: Over the past 35 years many people have predicted the demise of the pharmacy profession. The reasons stated for this demise have varied over the years and include government interference, the expansion of chain and mail-order pharmacies, managed care, loss of the compounding function, Medicaid reimbursement, national health insurance, and pharmacy technicians. Despite these gloomy predictions, community and hospital pharmacies have flourished over the past 35 years and new roles for pharmacists have emerged in managed care, consultant pharmacy, academic pharmacy, and the pharmaceutical industry. with the enactment of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 requirements, it appears that the public has even greater expectations from community pharmacists as medication advisors. The pharmacy profession is changing more rapidly than ever and pharmacists must prepare for these rapid changes. Colleges of pharmacy should inculcate in their students the importance of lifelong learning to keep abreast with change. Conclusions: Society will always need experts on drugs. Pharmacists must rise to the challenge and accept new and changing roles in drug therapy management. If that occurs the future of pharmacy will be ensured.
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Pelham, Larry D. "Cost Accounting, Management Control, and Planning for Hospital Pharmacies and ASHP Affiliated State Chapters." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/45.6.1281.
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Simicek, M., and S. Synek. "PS-122 Risk management of prescription and preparation of cytotoxic drugs in hospital pharmacies." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 22, Suppl 1 (March 2015): A184.2—A184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000639.443.
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Scott, David M., Tom Christensen, Anqing Zhang, and Daniel L. Friesner. "Does improved medication adherence reduce inpatient hospital expenditures?" International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 11, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 248–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-07-2016-0034.
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Purpose This study aims to assess whether patients [who receive community pharmacy services at locations where routine medication therapy management (MTM) care is reimbursed] who were adherent to their medications generated lower inpatient hospitalization expenses. Design/methodology/approach This is a retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study using administrative claims data drawn from 84 community pharmacies in North Dakota. The included patients were enrolled in a Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota insurance plan and were taking one or more of eight groups of medications (metformin, antidepressants, anti-asthmatics, ACEs/ARBs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and statins) commonly prescribed to treat chronic conditions filled between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015. Community pharmacists used software that allowed the pharmacists to provide and bill for MTM services. Data from these sources were used to calculate medication adherence and inpatient costs. Findings Patients prescribed a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker, and a diuretic or an anti-diabetic medication, and those who are fully adherent to their medications were associated with significantly lower inpatient hospitalization costs (as measured by insurance payments to hospitals) as compared to non-adherent patients. Patients who were fully adherent to their medications had no statistically significant differences in patient-specific costs compared to non-adherent patients. Originality/value Patients receiving services at a community pharmacy that offers MTM services and those who were adherent to their medication regimens generate lower health care expenses. Most of the savings come from lower hospitalization expenses, rather than patient-paid expenses.
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Sheikh, Tehsinabanu, Cindy Wu, Niree Kalfayan, Leanne Sakamoto, and Rita Shane. "Health-system specialty pharmacy impact on oral chemotherapy outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.240.
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240 Background: Oral chemotherapy usage has grown significantly over the years as it provides a more convenient and less invasive administrative option for patients.In 2019, 89% of large hospitals owned and operated their own Health System Specialty Pharmacies (HSSP)1.Pharmacist-led medication therapy management services are crucial to provide patient education, monitoring of medication adherence and adverse effect management. With the current vertical integration of health plans and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) increasing their dominance over specialty dispensing channels, HSSP are often excluded from specialty networks. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes of oncology patients filling their oral chemotherapy at Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC) Specialty Pharmacy versus those who are filling their medications at outside specialty pharmacies (OSP). Methods: Electronic health records were used to conduct a retrospective chart review of patients started on oral chemotherapy at CSMC between January 2019 to January 2021. Primary endpoints included time to treatment (TTT) and proportion of days covered (PDC). Secondary endpoints included drug-related problems (DRPs) and treatment-related ED visits and hospitalizations. DRPs were categorized by severity and type of intervention. Results: There were 100 patients included in the study: CSMC group (n = 50) and OSP group (n = 50). Patients in the CMSC group had significantly shorter TTT compared to OSP group (4 days vs. 9.5 days, respectively [P < 0.0026]), as well as a higher PDC (99.5% vs 91%, respectively [P < 0.0005]). Pharmacists identified and resolved 31 DRPs in CSMC arm with 19 DRPs categorized as serious and 1 DRP categorized as life-threatening. For the OSP group, 23 preventable DRPs were identified with 12 DRPs categorized as serious and 1 DRP categorized as life-threatening. There were no treatment-related ED visits or hospitalizations in either group. Conclusions: Patients filling their oral chemotherapy at CSMC Specialty Pharmacy had significantly quicker TTT and higher adherence rates as measured by PDC. Numerous DRPs were identified for OSP patients; potential pharmacist-interventions could have led to optimized and safer medication therapy if filled at a HSSP. Continued research comparing treatment outcomes and interventions made between HSSP and OSP can create a strong argument for health plans and PBMs to consider inclusion of HSSPs into their specialty networks. References: Pedersen CA, Schneider PJ, Ganio MC, Scheckelhoff DJ. ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Prescribing and transcribing—2019. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2020;77(13):1026-1050. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxaa104
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Alomi, Yousef Ahmed, Saeed Jamaan Alghamdi, and Radi Abdullah Alattyh. "National Survey of Drug Information Centers practice: Leadership and Practice management at Ministry of Health Hospital in Saudi Arabia." Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Volume 4, Issue 3: July 2018- September 2018 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2018.v04i03.17.
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Objective: To explore the National Survey of Drug Information Centers practice in Saudi Arabia: Leadership and Practice management at Ministry of Health hospital. Method: It is a cross-sectional four months national survey of Drug Information Services at Ministry of Health hospital. It contained ten domains with 181 questions designed by the authors. It was derived from Internal Pharmaceutical Federation, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists best practice guidelines. This survey was distributed to forty hospital pharmacies that run drug information services. In this study, domain of Drug Monitoring and Patient Counselling System explored and analyzed. It consisted of eight questions about the written policy and procedure and application methods for Leadership and Practice management in the drug information centers. All analysis was done through survey monkey system. Results: The survey distributed to 45 of hospitals, the response rate, was 40 (88.88%) hospitals. The highest score of the DIC had policy and procedures with a clear mission, vision, and values were Evidence of valid Saudi Council of Health Specialties license to practice in Saudi Arabia did not exist in 3 (7.5%) hospitals while 30 (75%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. The highest score of the Drug information centers had a space, adequate furniture, hours of operation were determined and announced as well as there was a qualified and licensed staffing. All Drug Information Centers staff had valid licenses from Saudi Commission for Health Specialties to practice in Saudi Arabia, did not exist in 6 (15%) hospitals while 30 (75%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. The highest score of the Drug Information Centers Supervisor, reports workload statistics to the appropriate and leadership number of Full Time Employee staff and actual workload published was the answering question depends on the priority of the question did not exist in 6 (15%) hospitals while only 22 (55%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. The highest score of the Drug Information Centers showed evidence of Quality Improvement, and the process for Drug Information Centers Networking. The reporting any questionable drug quality to Pharmacy director, did not exist in 4 (10 %) hospitals while only 25 (62.5%) of hospitals 100% applied the elements. Conclusion: There were an acceptable implementation leadership and practice management in drug information centers practice. The drug information centers workload analysis and quality management should improve. Drug information centers network indication required an implementation to improve the services at Ministry of Health hospital in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Raiche, Taylor, Robert Pammett, Shelita Dattani, Lisa Dolovich, Kevin Hamilton, Natalie Kennie-Kaulbach, Lisa McCarthy, and Derek Jorgenson. "Community pharmacists’ evolving role in Canadian primary health care: a vision of harmonization in a patchwork system." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 4 (October 18, 2020): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2171.
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Canada’s universal public health care system provides physician, diagnostic, and hospital services at no cost to all Canadians, accounting for approximately 70% of the 264 billion CAD spent in health expenditure yearly. Pharmacy-related services, including prescription drugs, however, are not universally publicly insured. Although this system underpins the Canadian identity, primary health care reform has long been desired by Canadians wanting better access to high quality, effective, patient-centred, and safe primary care services. A nationally coordinated approach to remodel the primary health care system was incited at the turn of the 21st century yet, twenty years later, evidence of widespread meaningful improvement remains underwhelming. As a provincial/territorial responsibility, the organization and provision of primary care remains discordant across the country. Canadian pharmacists are, now more than ever, poised and primed to provide care integrated with the rest of the primary health care system. However, the self-regulation of the profession of pharmacy is also a provincial/territorial mandate, making progress toward integration of pharmacists into the primary care system incongruent across jurisdictions. Among 11,000 pharmacies, Canada’s 28,000 community pharmacists possess varying authority to prescribe, administer, and monitor drug therapies as an extension to their traditional dispensing role. Expanded professional services offered at most community pharmacies include medication reviews, minor/common ailment management, pharmacist prescribing for existing prescriptions, smoking cessation counselling, and administration of injectable drugs and vaccinations. Barriers to widely offering these services include uncertainties around remuneration, perceived skepticism from other providers about pharmacists’ skills, and slow digital modernization including limited access by pharmacists to patient health records held by other professionals. Each province/territory enables pharmacists to offer these services under specific legislation, practice standards, and remuneration models unique to their jurisdiction. There is also a small, but growing, number of pharmacists across the country working within interdisciplinary primary care teams. To achieve meaningful, consistent, and seamless integration into the interdisciplinary model of Canadian primary health care reform, pharmacy advocacy groups across the country must coordinate and collaborate on a harmonized vision for innovation in primary care integration, and move toward implementing that vision with ongoing collaboration on primary health care initiatives, strategic plans, and policies. Canadians deserve to receive timely, equitable, and safe interdisciplinary care within a coordinated primary health care system, including from their pharmacy team.
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Mettler, Tobias, and Peter Rohner. "E-Procurement in Hospital Pharmacies: An Exploratory Multi-Case Study from Switzerland." Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research 4, no. 1 (April 2009): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-18762009000100004.
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Abdallah, Wael, Craig Johnson, Cristian Nitzl, and Mohammed A. Mohammed. "Organizational learning and patient safety: hospital pharmacy settings." Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, no. 6 (September 5, 2019): 695–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-11-2018-0319.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between organizational learning and patient safety culture in hospital pharmacy settings as determined by the learning organization survey short-form (LOS-27) and pharmacy survey on patient safety culture instruments, and to further explore how dimensions of organizational learning relate to dimensions of pharmacy patient safety culture. Design/methodology/approach This study is a cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from three public hospital pharmacies and three private hospital pharmacies in Kuwait. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings A total of 272 surveys (59.1 percent response rate) were completed and returned. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between organizational learning and patient safety culture in hospital pharmacy settings (path coefficient of 0.826, p-value <0.05 and R2 of 0.683). Several dimensions of the organizational learning showed significant links to the various dimensions of the pharmacy patient safety culture. Specifically, training (TRN), management that reinforces learning (MRL) and supportive learning environment (SLE) had the strongest effects on the pharmacy patient safety culture dimensions. Moreover, these effects indicated that MRL, SLE and TRN were associated with improvements in most dimensions of pharmacy patient safety culture. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to assess the relationship between organizational learning, patient safety culture and their dimensions in hospital pharmacy settings.
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Romanová, Anita, and Natália Švejdová. "Hospital information systems in the Slovak Republic." SHS Web of Conferences 83 (2020): 01058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208301058.
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Process-managed organization has much in common with the management of the information system. Management of the company can therefore be compared to the management of the system, while it is necessary to ensure information and communication flows. Effective information processing and knowledge base building are the basis for the functioning of the organization and its strategic intent. The means to achieve this goal is the information system. Informatization is the process of penetrating ICT into all areas of society in order to make it work effectively. An important part of building the information society is eHealth. The Internet, information systems, information technology and healthcare electronisation are important aids to improve and streamline the functioning of the entire health system, as they enable faster and more effective communication between all actors in the health sector (ie pharmacies, patients, healthcare facilities and insurance companies). The aim of this paper is to analyze hospital information systems in hospitals on the territory of the Slovak Republic, to identify the modules they consist of and to define interconnections of these systems with other information systems, not only within the given organization but also from the external environment.
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Capes, David, Bruce Sunderland, Malcolm Roberts, Stephen Blackbourn, John Ailakis, and Michael Maher. "A Survey of Parenteral Therapy Services Provided to Home Patients by Australian Hospital Pharmacies." Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 27, no. 5 (October 1997): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr1997275373.
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Balayssac, David, Bruno Pereira, Julie Virot, Céline Lambert, Aurore Collin, David Alapini, Jean-Marc Gagnaire, Nicolas Authier, Damien Cuny, and Brigitte Vennat. "Work-related stress, associated comorbidities and stress causes in French community pharmacies: a nationwide cross-sectional study." PeerJ 5 (October 26, 2017): e3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3973.
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Background Like other health professionals, community pharmacists are exposed to stress factors (being efficient, avoiding mistakes and bearing emotional load), but they are also under the pressure of entrepreneurial responsibilities. The main objective was to assess the level of work-related stress in French community pharmacies. The other objectives of the study were to assess the associated comorbidities and causes of work-related stress. Methods This observational cross-sectional study was sent to all French community pharmacies by email. The survey was anonymous and designed to collect the following items: socio-demographic factors, professional status, characteristics of community pharmacy, work-related stress (visual analogic scale—VAS), fatigue (VAS), sleep disturbances (questions), anxiety and depression symptoms (hospital anxiety and depression scale), medical consultation for work-related stress, medication use for work related stress, psychoactive drug-use and causes of work-related stress. Participants were included in the survey if they were pharmacists (owner or assistant) or pharmacy technicians working in a community pharmacy at the time of the survey. Exclusion criteria were defined as follows: pharmacy students or other professionals involved in a community pharmacy (e.g. dietician, beautician) and lack of professional status information. There was no age limitation. Results After three months of data collection, 1,339 participants answered the survey and 1,272 participants were included in conformity with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and to avoid missing data on the primary endpoint. Work-related stress was detected in 32.8% (417/1,272) of individuals (scores ≥70/100). Men were significantly more affected than women and there was no difference between professional statuses and no relation with the age of the participants. Work-related stress was significantly associated with anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, medical consultations, medication use, alcohol consumption above the WHO recommendations for men and psychoactive drug use. Three causes of stress were clearly identified and related to stress levels, workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality. However, causes of work-related stress were significantly different among professionals, for example: entrepreneurial burden for pharmacists-in-charge and workload for employees (assistant pharmacists and pharmacy technicians). Discussion Work-related stress has a very strong impact in French community pharmacies. This stress was associated with several comorbidities and induces health resource consumption. Several causes of work-related stress have been identified such as workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality; however, these causes could be detected and managed to improve stress levels. We recommend developing individual and organizational stress management in French community pharmacies.
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Peikanpour, M., J. Babapour, and F. Peiravian. "PHP197 - AN EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF HOSPITAL PHARMACIES’ GROUP PURCHASING ORGANIZATION TO PROMOTE HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT." Value in Health 21 (October 2018): S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.09.1091.
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Emeka, Promise M., Manea Fares AlMunjem, Sahibzada Tasleem Rasool, and Noor Kamil. "Evaluation of Counseling Practices and Patient’s Satisfaction Offered by Pharmacists for Diabetics Attending Outpatient Pharmacies in Al Ahsa." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519846945.
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Introduction: Patient counseling can be helpful in improving the outcome of disease management, particularly chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, which is common in Saudi Arabia. The present study looks to investigate the levels of counseling and satisfaction among patients attending diabetic clinics in outpatient hospital pharmacy in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Method: This is a cross-sectional investigation, carried out by using interview-structured questionnaire, targeting diabetes mellitus patients with or without comorbid states. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts comprising of demographics, counseling types given while collecting prescription, and satisfaction rating of services provided. Result: More males than females participated; most of whom were college graduates older than 51 years. Sixty-three percent of the entire participants are type 1 diabetic patients, while 37% are type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Coexistence of hypercholesterolemia was higher among type 1 diabetes patients with 51.9%, while hypertension was more common among type 2 diabetic patients representing 68.2%. Findings also showed that counseling was provided for medication use among type 1 diabetic patients but was deficient in the case of type 2 diabetic patients. Patients received low level of counseling on side effects and healthy lifestyle living. Satisfaction level was only 11.1%, indicating that counseling services might be deficient. Conclusion: This study has revealed poor counseling practices and low satisfaction levels in services provided by outpatient hospital pharmacies to diabetic patients. In the face of increasing prevalence of diabetes and comorbidity, counseling of diabetic patients is critical.
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Roos, I. A. G., and T. Makela. "Employee reactions to controlled work environments: the dispensing of anti-cancer drugs in hospital pharmacies." International Journal of Healthcare Technology and Management 1, no. 1/2 (1999): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhtm.1999.001063.
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Lisni, Ida, Herman Samosir, and Ester Mandalas. "PENGENDALIAN PENGELOLAAN OBAT DI INSTALASI FARMASI SUATU RUMAH SAKIT SWASTA KOTA BANDUNG." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 3, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v3i2.134.
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Drug management is a series of planning, procurement, storage, distribution, and control activities carried out by a hospital pharmacy so that drug availability can be guaranteed in sufficient quantities, in its implementation requires a large number of funds. The study was conducted to evaluate drug management in private hospital pharmacies in the city of Bandung using predetermined standard indicators. This study used a retrospective non-experimental observational method. The data collected is in the form of planning data and drug procurement, drug use, drug stock cards, stock-taking reports. The results showed that the achievement of drug planning (107.53%), the frequency of purchase for the low category (34.70%), the medium category was 41.08% and the high category (24.22%), expired drugs (0.085%) and the dead stock (3.81%).
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Shakoori, Reza, and Masoumeh Bagheri-Kahkesh. "Drug Supply Chain Management and Implementation of Health Reform Plan in Teaching Hospital Pharmacies of Ahvaz, Iran." Hospital Practices and Research 1, no. 4 (November 28, 2016): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21859/hpr-0104141.
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Mohiuddin, Abdul. "Patient Care Management (Handbook for Hospital and Community Pharmacists)." Clinical Research Notes 1, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8816/010.
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Most people on the outside of the health care profession are not familiar with this new role of the pharmacist. The general public has created a stereotypical pharmacist's picture as being a person who stands behind a counter, dispenses medicine with some instructions to the respective consumer. Pharmacy practice has changed substantially in recent years. Today’s pharmacists have unique training and expertise in the appropriate use of medications and provide a wide array of patient care services in many different practice settings. As doctors are busy with the diagnosis and treatment of patients, the pharmacist can assist them by selecting the most appropriate drug for a patient. Interventions by the pharmacists have always been considered as a valuable input by the health care community in the patient care process by reducing the medication errors, rationalizing the therapy and reducing the cost of therapy. The development and approval of the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process by the Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners and incorporation of the Process into the 2016 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards has the potential to lead to important changes in the practice of pharmacy, and to the enhanced acknowledgment, acceptance, and reimbursement for pharmacy and pharmacist services. As an author, it is my heartiest believe that the book will adjoin significant apprehension to future pharmacists in patient care as most of the portion created from recently published articles focusing pharmacists in patient care settings.
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Silva-Aravena, Fabián, Irlanda Ceballos-Fuentealba, and Eduardo Álvarez-Miranda. "Inventory Management at a Chilean Hospital Pharmacy: Case Study of a Dynamic Decision-Aid Tool." Mathematics 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8111962.
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Pharmacy inventory management is a critical process in healthcare centers. On the one hand, effective drug procurement is fundamental for fulfilling the therapeutic requirements of patients. On the other hand, as hospital pharmacies’ purchasing and storage costs comprise an important share in the hospital budgets, efficient inventory management may play a central role in operational cost containment. Therefore, healthcare centers should design and implement decision-aid strategies for planning the purchase of drugs with the aim of avoiding excessive purchasing volumes and optimizing warehouse capacity, while also meeting forecast demand and ensuring critical stock levels. In this study, we present the methodological features of a decision-aid tool for planning the purchases and inventory levels for the controlled medication pharmacy of the Regional Hospital of Talca, Chile. We report the results obtained after 1 year of operation; these results show that our strategy produced more than 7% savings compared to the regular inventory planning strategy and was more effective in preserving critical stock levels. Furthermore, from a computational point of view, our strategy outperforms a recently published approach for a similar application.
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Egawa, Takashi, Akihiro Watanabe, Takafumi Nakano, Tatsuhikiko Kubo, Rie Nawata, Yuki Hayashida, Natsuki Raisen, Yasufumi Kataoka, Hisayoshi Kondo, and Yuichi Koido. "Pharmaceutical Relief Activities at Western Japan Torrential Rain Disaster." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003558.
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Introduction:The torrential rain triggering massive flooding and hundreds of landslides was the worst weather disaster in Western Japan. A temporary pharmacy was established in the Kurashiki health center, which provided medicine to victims.Aim:To evaluate the supply status of prescription under the health insurance system during a disaster.Methods:When the enormous disaster occurred, victims get a prescription in the hospital or community pharmacy under the Disaster Relief Act or Health Insurance Act. Under the Disaster Relief Act, prescriptions that are given at a first aid station are able to be filled at the mobile pharmacies at no cost to the patient from the local government. Prescriptions that are issued by a medical institution, and are in accordance with the Health Insurance Act or National Health Insurance Act, can be dispensed at hospitals or community pharmacies. Patients may be exempt from the co-payment by being covered by their health insurance. Here, we investigated the supply status of prescription to affected people.Results:The good points of the supply status were as following: 1) dispensing out of disaster area was a good system to relieve a pharmacist2. ) J-SPEED was also a good reporting system to provide appropriative medicine inventory management, and 3) sending prescription using a mobile phone was very useful for pharmaceutical activities. On the other hand, the points for improvement were as following: 1) more time to learn the medical insurance system during the disaster was needed, and 2) the mobile pharmacy is better to make the rounds of shelters including health care consultation.Discussion:In case of a disaster, two different medicine supply systems cause confusion to medical relief teams. It is considered that collaboration relief activities with relief teams that included a pharmacist was very important.
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Bastani, Peivand, Omid Barati, Hesam Dorosti, and Alireza Talebzadeh. "Accreditation status of hospital pharmacies and their challenges of medication management: A case of south Iranian largest university." Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research 7, no. 3 (2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.184590.
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Prempree, Preecha, Roger Detels, Mongkol Ungkasrithongkul, Sittichai Meksawasdichai, Samreng Panthong, and Varaporn Ungpanich. "The sources of treatment of sexually transmissible infections in a rural community in central Thailand." Sexual Health 4, no. 1 (2007): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06035.
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Background: Sexually transmissible infection (STI) rates in Thailand declined from 1986 to 1994, but levelled off until 2002. This study documents the distribution of STI cases attending major treatment venues and the quality of treatment in a rural area. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in January and June 2001 in all 42 health-care facilities in the study district, including the hospital STI and outpatient clinics, private clinics, local health centres and pharmacies. Quality of care was assessed by documenting appropriate syndromic treatment according to the World Health Organization Syndromic Case Management Guidelines. Results: Over half of STI patients (60%) sought treatment from pharmacies (35%) and health centres (25%), the facilities least capable of accurately diagnosing and treating STI. Only 0–59% were adequately treated. Conclusions: The quality of services needs to be improved and innovative strategies developed and implemented to address the problems of acceptability, stigmatisation, access and quality of STI services in Thailand.
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Florido Alba, Francisco, Nuria García-Agua, Angel Martín Reyes, Antonio Clavero Barranquero, and Antonio J. Garcia Ruiz. "The Impact of Covid-19 containment on community pharmaceutical spending in Andalusia - Spain." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.2.2346.
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Background: In the field of health, the year 2020 will be remembered for testing (stressing) all health institutions and their forms of management (centralised and decentralised). The everyday activity of primary and hospital care was significantly altered by the introduction of telephone consultations, which reduce the number of visits to health centres or hospitals and are still relevant today in the face of successive waves of the pandemic.
Objective: To analyse whether population confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the dispensing of medications in community pharmacies and the associated spending during the period March-July 2020 in Andalusia (Spain).
Methods: A time series analysis applying econometric model analysis techniques to confirm or rule out whether the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the dispensing of medications by community pharmacies and the associated expenditures. The variables used were the number of medication containers dispensed by community pharmacies (charged to the public funds of the Spanish National Health System) and the expenditure on prescription drugs, both in relation to the population. The analysis was performed within the region of Andalusia, which has 8,464,441 inhabitants.
Results: The data obtained from the time series confirmed that there were no significant differences during the studied period between the number of medication containers actually dispensed and the number that would have been expected to be dispensed according to the trend in this variable for the sample period. The expenditure results followed the same pattern.
Conclusions: The health crisis produced by the COVID-19 lockdown had no impact on medication consumption in Andalusia.