Journal articles: 'Hospital pharmacy automation'

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Olubunmi Afolabi, M., and T. Oyedepo Oyebisi. "Pharmacists' Perceptions of Barriers to Automation in Selected Hospital Pharmacies in Nigeria." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 20, no. 1 (February 2007): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190007302894.

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The study examined pharmacists' perceptions of possible barriers to the introduction of automated techniques in hospital pharmacy systems. The research method was a questionnaire survey of a random sample of practicing pharmacists in 3 teaching hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 53 questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 65%. Results of the study showed that pharmacists had inherent fears about the feasibility of automation in hospital pharmacy practice, though they recognized the potential benefits and they were generally supportive of introducing some forms of automation into the work systems. Most of the respondents were proficient in computing and basic concepts of pharmacy automation, but pharmacists with a low level of computer literacy rated higher in their perceptions of potential barriers to pharmacy automation. The attitudinal disposition presented a significant potential barrier to the technology, particularly among the grades of staff that probably viewed the innovation as a threat to their continued employment. The variables of gender, status, and type of hospital unit were not significant factors in the pharmacists' perceptions. Suggestions for successful implementation of the technological change are provided for pharmacy directors and hospital administrators, especially in respect to improved management commitment and structural facilities.

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Novek, Joel. "Clinical or Industrial Pharmacy? Case Studies of Hospital Pharmacy Automation in Canada and France." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 3 (July 1998): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w2bt-fgxq-ql0g-ynl9.

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Automated medication dispensing systems for hospital pharmacies, heralded as an important means of reducing drug errors and improving labor productivity, have also been seen as a means of furthering the transformation of the pharmacy profession from its role in dispensing prescriptions to a clinical profession concerned with treatments and patient outcomes. Automation aids this transformation by transferring the responsibility for routine dispensing to technicians performing rationalized and computer-mediated tasks. Not all pharmacists agree with these trends. Some fear a loss of professional status and employment as their knowledge is expropriated and incorporated into machinery operated by those with lesser qualifications. They fear an industrial rather than a clinical future. Their concerns are compounded by health care cutbacks. These issues were studied at two hospitals in Canada and one in France, all mid-sized public hospitals with automated unit dose drug delivery systems installed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Preliminary results indicated national differences in approaches to hospital pharmacy automation. In Canada, pharmacists have resisted major changes in their control of the dispensing process and in their traditional roles vis à vis doctors and pharmacy technicians. In France, where hospital pharmacy as a profession is less developed than in North America, automation has brought about a far more radical substitution for pharmacists' labor.

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Sanborn, Michael D., and Janelle L. Krueger. "Survey of automation in hospital pharmacy practice." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 52, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/52.1.97.

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Cada, Dennis J. "Announcing an Expanded Feature in Hospital Pharmacy: Pharmacy Automation and Technology." Hospital Pharmacy 43, no. 10 (October 2008): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4310-786.

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Novek, Joel. "Hospital pharmacy automation: collective mobility or collective control?" Social Science & Medicine 51, no. 4 (August 2000): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00488-8.

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Siska, Mark. "Technology and Automation in Hospital Pharmacies: Current and Future States." Hospital Pharmacy 48, Supplement 2 (March 2013): S6—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4803-s6.

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Gibler, Brian, Grace Hayes, Fred Raleigh, Barbara Levenson, Sheryl Heber, and Ann Tham. "Forensic Psychiatric Pharmacy Practice at Atascadero State Hospital." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 9, no. 4 (August 1996): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009600900403.

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Atascadero State Hospital (ASH) is the nation's largest maximum security forensic psychiatric hospital. Most patients are committed under penal codes as psychiatrically unstable prisoners, mentally disordered parolees, individuals found not guilty by reason of insanity, or individuals deemed incompetent to stand trial. Pharmacists' involvement in patient care and supportive activities at ASH are varied. Direct patient care activities include attendance at interdisciplinary treatment teams, medication consultation upon request of physicians or other staff, and follow-up on adverse drug reactions. Pharmacists may also be involved in discharge planning, especially for patients on clozapine treatment. Patient medication education is provided by pharmacists through medication management classes and discharge counseling. Indirect patient care activities include verification of data entry for automation of physician orders and drug regimen review (DRR) audits. Drug Use Evaluations (DUEs) and the Annual Survey allow tracking and improvement of prescribing patterns. Committees and Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) activities throughout the hospital often include pharmacist members. Teaching is another important function of the pharmacist. Pharmacology classes are given to psychiatric technician students. Drug-induced movement disorder classes are provided to new employees. Additionally, pharmacy students on clinical clerkship rotations are trained and assist in providing clinical services. Capable technicians play a key role in allowing greater emphasis of time on clinical and administrative pharmacist functions. ASH provides the somewhat unique combination of clinically-oriented pharmacist positions in a rural community.

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Zhou, Fuli, Xu Wang, and Mark Goh. "Fuzzy extended VIKOR-based mobile robot selection model for hospital pharmacy." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 172988141878731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418787315.

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To stimulate the development of the Internet of Health Things and the construction of a robotic automation system in the healthcare industry, the mobile robot selection problem for a hospital pharmacy is studied. We target the mobile robot selection as a multi-criteria decision-making problem. The VIKOR-based implementation steps integrating fuzzy extended analytic hierarchy process technique are developed. To avoid any loss of information and ensure the veracity of the VIKOR-based calculations, we employ the fuzzy ranking technique based on the degree of possibility to select the best mobile robot alternative by deriving the minimum fuzzy comprehensive utility value. The results of a case study and the accompanying sensitivity analysis show the effectiveness and robustness of the fuzzy extended VIKOR approach for the mobile robot selection problem.

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James, K. Lynette, Dave Barlow, Anne Bithell, Sarah Hiom, Sue Lord, Mike Pollard, Dave Roberts, Cheryl Way, and Cate Whittlesea. "The impact of automation on workload and dispensing errors in a hospital pharmacy." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 21, no. 2 (September 11, 2012): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00238.x.

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Crowson, Karren, and Mary Monk-Tutor. "Use of Automated Controlled Substance Cabinets for Detection of Diversion in US Hospitals: A National Study." Hospital Pharmacy 40, no. 11 (November 2005): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870504001107.

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Purpose Use of automated controlled substance cabinets (ACSCs) for storage and distribution of narcotics can provide documentation necessary to identify and detect drug diversion. This study investigated how ACSCs are used for narcotic control in US hospitals (including a comparison of detection rates pre- and post-automations) and looked at the difference between hospitals that used ACSCs vs those that did not; it also identified hospital policies related to drug diversion. Methods A survey mailed to a national sample of 311 hospitals achieved a 22% usable response rate. Data were entered into an Excel database and analyzed using descriptive statistics; diversion detection rates were calculated per 100 beds. Detection rates were defined as the average number of employees per year that were detected diverting controlled substances over the 3-year period (both pre- and post-ACSC installation); detection rates for those still using manual systems were defined in the same way but only for the 3-year period just prior to the study. Calculation of diversion detection rates were based on respondent estimates of such occurrences. Results Over 80% of the respondents indicated that their institution used an ACSC, and 62% provided the necessary information to calculate a diversion detection of 0.36 per 100 beds pre-automation and 1.12 per 100 beds post-automation (P < 0.001). Out of the 19% of the institutions not using ACSCs, 60% provided the necessary information to calculate a diversion detection rate that was determined to be 0.76 per 100 beds. All respondents reported having policies and procedures related to the diversion of controlled substances; however, they varied significantly regarding drug screening practices and specific conditions for the rehire of staff that were detected diverting drugs. Conclusions When used properly, with effective checks and balances, ACSCs have the capability to improve detection of narcotic diversion; and thus, may help to decrease diversion of controlled substances by health care professionals.

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Olubunmi Afolabi, M., and T. Oyedepo Oyebisi. "Pharmacists' Attitude to the Introduction of Automated Techniques in the Delivery of Pharmaceutical Services in Selected Nigerian Teaching Hospitals." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 20, no. 1 (February 2007): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190007302895.

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This study has investigated the attitude of hospital pharmacists toward the introduction of automated techniques in the delivery of pharmaceutical services in three Nigerian Teaching Hospitals. The results obtained from this survey showed that pharmacists have a good understanding of the various forms of automated techniques in pharmacy operations. The general perception showed that these techniques will impact positively on different aspects of the pharmacists' functions including routine dispensing, drug inventory management, and administrative tasks. Computerization of the appropriate database and ease of accessibility including an online communication network within the health system would ease the pharmacists' administrative functions. The respondents felt that their pharmaceutical care functions would be enhanced greatly as the routine manual tasks are taken care of with the automation. In particular, the pharmacists' time would be released for a close monitoring of patient drug therapy and provision of drug information services. The general consensus was that appropriate training workshops and continuing pharmacy education programs would provide practicing pharmacists with the required skill to manage automated pharmacy systems.

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Bepko, Robert J., John R. Moore, and John R. Coleman. "Implementation of a Pharmacy Automation System (Robotics) to Ensure Medication Safety at Norwalk Hospital." Quality Management in Health Care 18, no. 2 (April 2009): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qmh.0b013e3181a02771.

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Papadopoulos, Vassilios, Dana Goldman, Clay Wang, Michele Keller, and Steven Chen. "Looking Ahead to 2030: Survey of Evolving Needs in Pharmacy Education." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010059.

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In order to keep pharmacy education relevant to a rapidly-evolving future, this study sought to identify key insights from leaders from a broad array of pharmacy and non-pharmacy industries on the future of the pharmacy profession, pharmaceutical sciences, and pharmacy education. Thought leaders representing a variety of industries were surveyed regarding their perspectives on the future of pharmacy practice, pharmaceutical science disciplines, and pharmacy education in seven domains. From 46 completed surveys, top challenges/threats were barriers that limit clinical practice opportunities, excessive supply of pharmacists, and high drug costs. Major changes in the drug distribution system, automation/robotics, and new therapeutic approaches were identified as the top technological disrupters. Key drivers of pharmacy education included the primary care provider shortage, growing use of technology and data, and rising drug costs. The most significant sources of job growth outside of retail and hospital settings were managed care organizations, technology/biotech/pharmaceutical companies, and ambulatory care practices. Needs in the industry included clinical management of complex patients, leadership and management, pharmaceutical scientists, and implementation science. Knowledge gaps were pharmacists not recognizing their value on the health care team, preparation to embrace and lead change, and expertise in data science and analytics. Pharmacy schools will need to address several disruptive trends to future-proof their curricula, including expanding patient management skills, leadership and management training, technology, and data analytics.

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Alwadie, Ali F., Hani S. Alhamdan, Anjum Naeem, Abdullah M. Alzahrani, and Khalid Albogami. "Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: Managing Inpatient Pharmacy Services at King Abdulaziz Medical City – Jeddah." Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jqsh-20-31.

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ABSTRACT Since early December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been relentlessly spread worldwide and has hit the healthcare systems with terrible force. Pharmacists play a vital role in the healthcare system in providing medicines, therapeutics, vaccines, clinical services, and other pharmaceutical care services to patients. Therefore, to ensure all these services continued at King Abdulaziz Medical City – Jeddah during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Department of Pharmaceutical Care initiated a departmental crisis preparedness plan, as a part of general hospital preparedness plan. It started with adjusting medication dosing time, instituting a daily medication refill process, working remotely, expanding the use of automation, and modifying employee schedules. Other actions included the following: handling drug shortages, placing restrictions on some medications, using personal protective equipment, changing routine practices of pharmacy aides, revising the medication delivery process, starting a contingency training program, and restricting pneumatic tube operation. We took guidance from the Ministry of Health, our own institute's experience, World Health Organization recommendations, updated scientific research, and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists regulatory updates. This article aims to describe how health services, policies, and systems were applied and adapted to address a specific problem while maintaining all pharmacy employees' safety. This article reviews the inpatient pharmacy's particular needs and responses to these needs to meet the COVID-19 pandemic challenges.

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Jorgenson, James A., Tess K. Leiker, and Craig C. Herzog. "Combined Medication-and-Supply Automated Delivery System in an Ambulatory Setting." Hospital Pharmacy 37, no. 8 (August 2002): 828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870203700813.

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This article describes the implementation and analysis of an automated system for the distribution of medications and supplies in an ambulatory clinic setting. Distribution, charging, and control of medications and supplies provided to ambulatory clinics is an issue that presents numerous problems for hospital pharmacy departments. A combined automated unit to handle both supplies and medications was studied as an alternative to traditional manual systems. Problems with our manual system were identified. A comparative analysis of revenue, medication and supply cost before and after automation is presented. Increases in revenue, decreases in supply cost, and improved medication expense documentation were noted with the automated system.

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Holm, Emily, Audrey Umbreit, Kelsey Mews, and Garrett E. Schramm. "Novel Use of Text-Bot Automation for Residency Recruitment." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 12, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v12i3.4029.

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Purpose. To describe the employment of an automated text messaging text-bot during the 2019 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Midyear Clinical Meeting Residency Showcase and its impact on the number of applications received for the postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy residency programs at a medium-sized community hospital. Methods. Visitors at the residency showcase booth were asked to text a code word to a program number. The text-bot collected the visitor’s contact information and program of interest (PGY1 or PGY2). A series of automated messages were sent to all visitors following the showcase and up until the residency application deadline. Results. 71% (20/28) of visitors to the program’s showcase booth registered with the text-bot and of these, 65% (13/20) submitted applications to the residency program in phase I of the match. Both the PGY1 and PGY2 programs saw an increase in the amount of applications received compared to previous year. Conclusion. A text messaging text-bot may be a useful residency recruitment tool.

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Davis, Stephen Jerome, Josephine Hurtado, Rosemary Nguyen, Tran Huynh, Ivan Lindon, Cedric Hudnall, and Sara Bork. "Innovations in Medication Preparation Safety and Wastage Reduction: Use of a Workflow Management System in a Pediatric Hospital." Hospital Pharmacy 52, no. 1 (January 2017): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj5201-54.

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Background USP <797> regulatory requirements have mandated that pharmacies improve aseptic techniques and cleanliness of the medication preparation areas. In addition, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) recommends that technology and automation be used as much as possible for preparing and verifying compounded sterile products. Objective To determine the benefits associated with the implementation of the workflow management system, such as reducing medication preparation and delivery errors, reducing quantity and frequency of medication errors, avoiding costs, and enhancing the organization's decision to move toward positive patient identification (PPID). Methods At Texas Children's Hospital, data were collected and analyzed from January 2014 through August 2014 in the pharmacy areas in which the workflow management system would be implemented. Data were excluded for September 2014 during the workflow management system oral liquid implementation phase. Data were collected and analyzed from October 2014 through June 2015 to determine whether the implementation of the workflow management system reduced the quantity and frequency of reported medication errors. Data collected and analyzed during the study period included the quantity of doses prepared, number of incorrect medication scans, number of doses discontinued from the workflow management system queue, and the number of doses rejected. Data were collected and analyzed to identify patterns of incorrect medication scans, to determine reasons for rejected medication doses, and to determine the reduction in wasted medications. Results: During the 17-month study period, the pharmacy department dispensed 1,506,220 oral liquid and injectable medication doses. From October 2014 through June 2015, the pharmacy department dispensed 826,220 medication doses that were prepared and checked via the workflow management system. Of those 826,220 medication doses, there were 16 reported incorrect volume errors. The error rate after the implementation of the workflow management system averaged 8.4%, which was a 1.6% reduction. After the implementation of the workflow management system, the average number of reported oral liquid medication and injectable medication errors decreased to 0.4 and 0.2 times per week, respectively. Conclusion The organization was able to achieve its purpose and goal of improving the provision of quality pharmacy care through optimal medication use and safety by reducing medication preparation errors. Error rates decreased and the workflow processes were streamlined, which has led to seamless operations within the pharmacy department. There has been significant cost avoidance and waste reduction and enhanced interdepartmental satisfaction due to the reduction of reported medication errors.

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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Aldo Zini, President and CEO of Aethon, Inc." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 43, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2016-0017.

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Purpose – The following paper is a “Q & A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned successful business leader, regarding the commercialization and challenges of bringing technological inventions to market while overseeing a company. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The interviewee is Aldo Zini, President and CEO of Aethon, Inc., a robotics and software company that has developed an innovative automated platform to improve internal supply logistics. In this interview, Zini shares some of the technical and business details that have led up to the latest version of Aethon’s core product, the TUG, a mobile autonomous robot with more than 450 installs worldwide. Findings – Zini received a BS in Industrial Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh and a master’s in Public Management (Health Systems IT) from Carnegie Mellon University. While obtaining his BS degree, Zini did an internship in hospital consulting and became immediately interested in healthcare automation as a way to solve hospital inefficiencies. Zini went on to become the Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Automated Healthcare, which developed the first robotic medication dispensing system for hospitals (ROBOT-Rx) and was acquired by McKesson for $67 million. Before joining and investing in Aethon, Zini was Senior Vice President of sales and marketing for TechRx, one of the largest providers of software solutions to the pharmacy industry, which was sold to NDC Corporation for over $200 million. Originality/value – Zini has been leading the technology revolution in hospital automation for more than 25 years. His contributions to technology-driven companies have led to acquisitions worth more than a quarter of a billion dollars. Zini owns several patents in medication-dispensing technology, and is credited with the development of key methodologies in quantifying the value proposition for several technology platforms deployed in hundreds of hospitals across the country.

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Heloury, Jeanne, Guillaume Bouguéon, Thomas Deljehier, Audrey Jourand, Aude Berroneau, and Sylvie Crauste-Manciet. "Automation of Aseptic Sterile Preparation: Risk Analysis and Productivity Comparison with Manual Process." Pharmaceutical Technology in Hospital Pharmacy 4, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pthp-2019-0001.

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Abstract Two automation methods for aseptic preparation in hospital pharmacy, robot and peristaltic pump, were compared to manual process both for risk analysis using Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method and for productivity using time analysis grids built for each process. The results obtained with the different workflow organizations showed that the worst-case conditions for productivity was production “on demand” of tailor-made preparations. in that case, the manual process was not significantly different from the robotic process (p-value=0.72). For the standardized preparations, the semi-automatic process preparing a batch from bulk solution from “to be reconstituted” drugs was significantly superior to the robotic process preparing repetitive series of doses (p-value<0.01). Productivity of the robot was dramatically increased when the robot performed standardized preparations either from ready to use solutions or mixed cycles due to the robot design. When different processes were FMECA analyzed for risk analysis the robotic process was found as the safer process in comparison to others with a total of Criticality Indexes of 1060, 719, 656 for manual, semi-automatic and robot, respectively. Except for the robotic, semi-automatic and manual processes needed additional IT control systems to limit the risk of failures.

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Enneffah, W., B. Adouani, S. Makram, N. Cherkaoui, and A. Bennana. "DSL-013 Evaluation of the Limits of Automation and Impact on Drug Management at Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 20, Suppl 1 (March 2013): A91.3—A92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000276.256.

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Glowa, Thomas W., and Robert J. Weber. "Establishing a Plan for Central Pharmacy Automation." Hospital Pharmacy 44, no. 5 (May 2009): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4405-431.

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The Director's Forum series is written and edited by Michael Sanborn and Robert Weber and is designed for guiding pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. Another specific goal of this column is addressing many of the key challenges that pharmacy directors currently face, while also providing information that will foster growth in pharmacy leadership and patient safety. Previous Director's Forum articles have discussed various aspects of pharmacy technology implementation and utilization. This feature reviews the steps and strategies for implementing and evaluating automation in a central pharmacy area supporting a decentralized pharmaceutical model.

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DEMİREL, Assist Prof Dr Demokaan. "Effectivness of Health Information System Applications: Clinical Information and Diagnosis-Treatment Systems in Turkey." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p122-131.

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The distinctive quality of the new social structure is that information becomes the only factor of production. In today's organizations, public administrators are directly responsible for applying information to administrative processes. In addition to his managerial responsibilities, a knowledge based organization requires every employee to take responsibility for achieving efficiency. This has increased the importance of information systems in the decision-making process. Information systems consist of computer and communication technology, data base management and model management and include activity processing system, management information system, decision support systems, senior management information system, expert systems and office automation systems. Information systems in the health sector aim at the management and provision of preventive and curative health services. The use of information systems in healthcare has the benefits of increasing service quality, shortening treatment processes, maximizing efficiency of the time, labour and medical devices. The use of information systems for clinical decision making and reducing medical errors in the healthcare industry dates back to the 1960s. Clinical information systems involve processing, storing and re-accessing information that supports patient care in a hospital. Clinical information systems are systems that are directly or indirectly related to patient care. These systems include electronic health/patient records, clinical decision support systems, nurse information systems, patient tracking systems, tele-medicine, case mix and smart card applications. Diagnosis-treatment systems are information-based systems used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It consists of laboratory information systems, picture archiving and communication system, pharmacy information system, radiology information system, nuclear medicine information system. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health information system applications in Turkey. The first part of the study focuses on the concept of information systems and the types of information systems in organization structures. In the second part, clinical information systems and applications for diagnosis-treatment systems in Turkey are examined. Finally, the study evaluates applications in the health sector qualitatively from the new organizational structure, which is formed by information systems.

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VandenBerg, Amy M. "Automatic therapeutic substitution in a psychiatric hospital." Mental Health Clinician 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.n172343.

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Automatic therapeutic substitution protocols have become common practice in health care systems in the last ten to fifteen years. These protocols can help formulary management, simplify pharmacy inventory, and reduce costs. To date, psychotropics continue to be absent from the most common automatic substitution policies. This article will describe the rationale for select psychotropic substitutions.

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Sumaida, Dalia. "Pharmacy inventory control ordering web application." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.330.

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330 Background: Many departments within the hospital system were complaining of errors in the carousel system and the quantity of drugs ordered vs. received. Methods: Development of a communication tool between purchasing, inventory control, materials management, finance and accounts payable to streamline the process of ordering and receiving throughout the hospital system. Results: Communication between the departments in ordering and receiving. Reduction in errors of drug quantities ordered vs drug quantity received. Automating the receiving log system and the packing slip process. The web app cut down the time to process a drug by 50%. Conclusions: The use of IT to reduce waste, increase productivity, and improve quality of the system.

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Rich, Darryl S. "Illegible Prescription Handwriting; Blanket Medication Orders; “Range” Medication Orders; Automatic Stop Orders." Hospital Pharmacy 36, no. 7 (July 2001): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870103600713.

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This column addresses questions from readers about any issue, process, standard, or future direction of the Joint Commission, whether it relates to home care, the hospital, or other practice environment. The objective is to give you a better insight into the Joint Commission accreditation process in your own practice site. Any question is fair game.

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Holmer, Haley K., Caitlin M. McCracken, Gregory B. Tallman, Sara J. Gore, Timothy Shan, Diana Yu, David T. Bearden, and Jessina C. McGregor. "1034. Automating Assessments of Vancomycin Appropriateness." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.898.

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Abstract Background Assessing appropriateness of hospital antibiotic use is typically a labor-intensive task for antimicrobial stewardship teams and relies heavily on clinician judgement rather than a systematic process. Vancomycin is a frequently used agent that is a common stewardship target. We developed an algorithm to automatically classify the appropriateness of vancomycin days of therapy (DOTs) based upon electronic health record data. Methods We constructed a retrospective cohort of Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) Hospital and Doernbecher Children’s Hospital patients admitted August 1, 2017 to July 31, 2018 receiving vancomycin. Data were collected on demographic, encounter, pharmacy, microbiology, and surgery data. An electronic algorithm was applied to classify vancomycin DOTs as appropriate, inappropriate, or indeterminate. Inappropriate use was defined as any case in which there was an opportunity for de-escalation as identified using microbiology data, ICD-10 codes, and procedure codes. Results We included 4,231 encounters; 493 (12%) were pediatric patients. Our algorithm automatically classified 59%, 3%, and 38% of encounters as having either appropriate, inappropriate, or indeterminate DOTs, respectively. Forty-four percent of all encounters received no more than a 24-hour course of vancomycin and were considered appropriate empiric therapy; half of these were attributed to surgical prophylaxis. Nine percent of all encounters had vancomycin administered within 3 days of a blood, sputum or tissue culture in which either a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species or an ampicillin-resistant, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus species was isolated and were classified as appropriate. Six percent of all encounters had cultures in which only Gram-negatives, fungi, or yeast were isolated and were therefore considered appropriate in the empiric period (≤48 hours) but inappropriate thereafter. Conclusion Automated assessments of antibiotic appropriateness could facilitate more informed antimicrobial stewardship initiatives and serve as a valuable stewardship metric. Characterization of indeterminate vancomycin use may inform increased automated classification. Further effort is needed to validate these assessments. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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천영주, 임성실, and 김정태. "The Invention of A Semi-Automatic Pill Sorting Device for Re-using Pills in the Hospital Pharmacy." Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists 33, no. 3 (August 2016): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32429/jkshp.2016.33.3.004.

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Mittone, E., G. Antonuccio, L. Infante, V. Recalenda, F. Riella, and M. Gallarate. "Calcium carbonate capsules production with an automatic encapsulator in the galenic laboratory of the hospital pharmacy of ASL CN2." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 19, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 153.2–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.182.

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Rich, Darryl S. "• Checking Refrigerator Temperatures/• Storing Batteries in Refrigerators/• Use and Storage of Ketamine/• Class 100 Environment for IV Preparation/• Automatic Stop Orders/• Required Consent for Medications/• Patient Education on Medication Use/• Pharmacist Review of Orders against Medication Profiles." Hospital Pharmacy 36, no. 3 (March 2001): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870103600314.

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This column addresses questions from readers about any issue, process, standard, or future direction of the Joint Commission, whether it relates to home care, the hospital, or other practice environment. The objective is to give you a better insight into the Joint Commission accreditation process in your own practice site. Any question is fair game.

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Pena, Veronica, and Sudip Roy Guharoy. "Impact of a Multidisciplinary, Collaborative Approach to Implement and Enforce an Automatic Stop Order Policy." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259200800106.

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Although an automatic stop order (ASO) policy is mandated by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, the policy remains unenforced or exists only “on paper” in some hospitals. Strict enforcement of an ASO can lead to improvement of patient care by requiring physicians and other healthcare professionals to periodically review a patient's drug regimen. Following the approval of an ASO policy by our facility's pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee, an audit of 160 orders of controlled substances revealed that 75 orders (47 percent) were continued for more than one dose without a physician's renewal order. This problem was then brought to the attention of the P&T committee where a decision was made to resolve the situation using a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach. With the help of all of the healthcare professionals involved in this issue, as well as our computer network, a system for strict enforcement of the ASO policy was subsequently implemented and has proven to be successful.

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Petratos, G. N., Y. Kim, R. S. Evans, S. D. Williams, and R. M. Gardner. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Computerized Adverse Drug Event Monitoring Systems to Enhance Clinical Decision Support for Hospitalized Patients." Applied Clinical Informatics 01, no. 03 (2010): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2009-11-ra-0009.

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Summary Objective: Performance of computerized adverse drug event (ADE) monitoring of electronic health records through a prospective ADE Monitor and ICD9-coded clinical text review operating independently and simultaneously on the same patient population for a 10-year period are compared. Requirements are compiled for clinical decision support in pharmacy systems to enhance ADE detection. Methods: A large tertiary care facility in Utah, with a history of quality improvement using its advanced hospital information system, was leveraged in this study. ICD9-based review of clinical charts (ICD9 System) was compared quantitatively and qualitatively to computer-assisted pharmacist-verified ADEs (ADE Monitor). The capture-recapture statistical method was applied to the data to determine an estimated prevalence of ADEs. Results: A total estimated ADE prevalence of 5.53% (13,420/242,599) was calculated, with the ICD9 system identifying 2,604 or 19.4%, and the ADE monitor 3,386 or 25.2% of all estimated ADEs. Both methods commonly identified 4.9% of all estimated ADEs and matched 62.0% of the time, each having its strength in detecting a slightly different domain of ADEs. 70% of the ADE documentation in the clinical notes was found in the discharge summaries. Conclusion: Coupled with spontaneous reporting, computerized methods account for approximately half of all ADEs that can currently be detected. To enhance ADE monitoring and patient safety in a hospitalized setting, pharmacy information systems should incorporate prospective structuring and coding of the text in clinical charts and using that data alongside computer-generated alerts of laboratory results and drug orders. Natural language processing can aid computerized detection by automating the coding, in real-time, of physician text from clinical charts so that decision support rules can be created and applied. New detection strategies and enhancements to existing systems should be researched to enhance the detection of ADEs since approximately half are not currently detected.

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Tolonen, Hanna M., Marja SA Airaksinen, Päivi Ruokoniemi, Katri Hämeen-Anttila, Kenneth M. Shermock, and Pekka Kurki. "Medication safety risks to be managed in national implementation of automatic substitution of biological medicines: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e032892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032892.

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ObjectivesTo explore relevant Finnish stakeholders’ perceptions on the automatic substitution of biological medicines with particular focus on medication safety and issues that need to be considered to create an appropriate model for automatic biological product substitution.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodsData were collected in semistructured individual (n=17), pair (n=7) and group (n=8) interviews (32 interviews, 62 participants) in 2018. Participants represented a wide range of stakeholders involved in the pharmacotherapy process: community pharmacists (n=8 interviews), authorities (n=7), prescribers (n=7), pharmaceutical industry and wholesalers (n=6), patients/customers (n=2), hospital pharmacists (n=1) and nurses (n=1). Inductive content analysis was performed.ResultsBenefits of automatic substitution were identified as cost savings, more patients receiving biological treatments and enhanced continuity of treatment. Six major risk categories were identified: (1) the patient’s medication is interrupted or complicated temporarily or permanently, (2) the patient uses two products with the same active substance, (3) the traceability of the product is compromised, (4) the patient cannot get into healthcare in case of problems, (5) the patient does not receive substitution-related advice from a pharmacy and (6) the patient is distracted by the support material he/she receives. Several risk mitigation measures were commonly mentioned: medication and device counselling by pharmacists (n=23), infrequent substitution interval (n=15) and better knowledge on biosimilars among healthcare providers (n=13).ConclusionAutomatic substitution of biologics is associated with risks that should be prospectively managed before implementing the procedure. The substitution also introduces new tasks and communication needs to those involved in actual medication use process, particularly to community pharmacists who will be responsible for substitution and counselling the patients.

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Batson, Sarah, Ana Herranz, Nicolas Rohrbach, Michela Canobbio, Stephen A. Mitchell, and Pascal Bonnabry. "Automation of in-hospital pharmacy dispensing: a systematic review." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, April 21, 2020, ejhpharm-2019-002081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-002081.

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Sheng, Peter Ong Yong, Chen Li Li, Wong Jane Ai, Yeyen Gunawan, Goh Wei Jiang, Tan Mui Chai, and Lee Soo Boon. "Evaluating the Impact of Drug Dispensing Systems on the Safety and Efficiency in a Singapore Outpatient Pharmacy." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v5i3.351.

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Purpose: Automation of pharmacy workflow can reduce medication errors as well as improve efficiency of the medication picking, packing and labeling process. Since September 2012, two drug dispensing systems (DDS) began operations in the Singapore General Hospital Specialist Outpatient Clinic Pharmacy. This study sought to evaluate the impact of the DDS on safety and efficiency in the pharmacy. Methods: The primary outcome was the rate of prevented dispensing incidents contributed by DDS or manual picking of medications defined as the number of prevented dispensing incidents per 1000 medications picked. The secondary outcome was the productivity of each full time equivalent (FTE) when assigned to either the DDS or manual picking stations. Data pertaining to the primary and secondary outcomes between January and December 2013 were collected and analyzed. The rate of prevented dispensing incidents was expressed in median (interquartile range) and compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Other continuous variables were expressed in mean ± standard deviation and compared using independent samples t-test. Results: An average of 59494 medications was picked every month in the pharmacy. DDS accounted for 21.1 percent while manual picking accounted for 78.9 percent of all the medications picked. The median rate of prevented dispensing incidents per month committed by manual picking (2.73) was significantly higher than the DDS (0.00). DDS had greater productivity with each FTE in the DDS having an average of 6175 picks per month which was significantly higher than each FTE in the manual picking stations which had an average of 4867 picks per month. Conclusion: Installation of DDS in an outpatient pharmacy improved safety of the pharmacy workflow by automating the medication picking, packing and labeling process and minimizing human errors. Efficiency of the medication picking, packing and labeling process was also improved by the DDS as there were continuous efforts to boost their productivity as well as being more reliable and better able to handle fluctuations in patient load. Type: Original Research

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Joosub, Imraan, Zohair Emara, Mohamed Eltantawi, Talal Alzeiby, Osama Khateery, and Sahar Khalil. "Selecting an Automated Parenteral Nutrition Compounder Device at a Tertiary Care Institute in Saudi Arabia." Hospital Pharmacy, October 10, 2020, 001857872096540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578720965408.

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Background: With advances in hospital automation, selecting an automated compounding device (ACD) for compounding parenteral nutrition (PN) may be challenging. A well-designed comparative review that considers safety and technical standards could assist in the selection process. United States Pharmacopeia chapter <797> and The American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (ASHP) has provided guidance on the safety and accuracy of ACDs. Objective: Utilizing a checklist of technical and performance specifications investigators sought to assess the adequacy of compounders available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: Investigators compared the NutriMiX KS-240 and the Exactamix EM 2400. A literature review of practice standards, safety, technical, and performance specifications was conducted. These were developed into a checklist of 46 technical and performance specifications. Investigators evaluated each ACD using the checklist. Results: It was found that 43 (93.48%) of the technical and performance specifications, required by the hospital, were met by the NutriMix KS-240, while 39 (84.78%) were met by Exactamix EM 2400. Conclusion: This review found that although ACDs comply with the majority of standards and specifications, software integration with the hospital information system may be a limiting factor in selecting an ACD. The investigators concluded that the NutriMiX KS- 240 matches the technical and performance specifications for automated compounders required by our institution.

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Capilli, Martina, Fiorenza Enrico, Matteo Federici, and Tiziana Comandone. "Increasing pharmacy productivity and reducing medication turnaround times in an Italian comprehensive cancer center by implementing robotic chemotherapy drugs compounding." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, February 10, 2021, 107815522199285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155221992851.

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Introduction The management of antineoplastic drugs used for chemotherapy is widely recognized as a high-risk activity. In 2018, our oncology pharmacy implemented workflow improvements to manage the growing workload due to the centralisation of activities from a hospital’s satellite pharmacy, moving towards automated compounding of antineoplastic drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the centralization on the productivity of the pharmacy department and evaluate the performances of the robotic chemotherapy drugs compounding. Material and methods Data were collected from the hospital information system and the workflow management software, and examined over a 3-year period (2017–2019). The total annual throughput in terms of doses prepared and patients treated and the Medication Turnaround Time (MTAT) were determined. Productivity and dosage accuracy were calculated for the robotic system. Results In 2018, the number of patients treated increased by 16.6%, consequently, the overall number of intravenous preparations compounded in the pharmacy increased by 17.2%. Regarding manual compounding, the total number of antineoplastic preparations decreased by about 2%. Investigational treatments manually compounded increased by about 27%, in contrast to the non-investigational treatments, which decreased by 9.4%. Regarding robotic compounding, the annual production increased by 50.4%. In 2018, the MTAT decreased about 24%. The dosage accuracy and precision of the total amount of doses were -1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. Conclusion This study indicates that in the effort to satisfy an ever-increasing workload, computerization and automation are essential instruments to maintain and ensuring high standards of quality.

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Jebara, Tesnime, Scott Cunningham, Katie MacLure, Ahmed Awaisu, Abdulrouf Pallivalapila, Moza Al Hail, and Derek Stewart. "Health-related stakeholders’ perceptions of clinical pharmacy services in Qatar." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, September 22, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01114-0.

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Abstract Background In Qatar, the National Vision 2030 and the National Health Strategy 2018–2022 articulate the need to improve healthcare delivery by better utilisation of the skilled workforce. In this regard, pharmacy practice is rapidly advancing and several extended pharmacy services are now available in institutionalised settings. Objective This study aimed to determine health-related stakeholders’ perceptions of current clinical pharmacy services in Qatar, and the potential development and implementation of further patient-centred roles. Setting All major organisations and institutions relating to the practice, education, regulation, and governance of pharmacy in Qatar. Method Qualitative, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals in key strategic positions of policy development and influence (i.e. health-related academic leaders, healthcare policy developers, directors of medicine/pharmacy/nursing, and patient safety leaders). Participants were recruited via a combination of purposeful and snowball sampling, until the point of data saturation was reached. The interview guide was grounded in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains of innovation characteristics, outer and inner setting, characteristics of individuals, and implementation process. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and independently analysed by two researchers using the Framework approach. Main outcome measure Perceptions of stakeholders regarding current and potential for future clinical pharmacy services in Qatar. Results Thirty-seven interviews were conducted with stakeholders of policy influence in healthcare. The interviewees reported a variety of clinical pharmacy services available in Qatar, which they perceived as positively impacting patient care outcomes, pharmacists’ professional autonomy, and the healthcare system in general (innovation characteristics). However, they perceived that these services were mainly performed in hospitals and less in community pharmacy setting (inner setting) and were undervalued by patients and the public (outer setting). Expansion of pharmacists’ clinical activities was supported, with recognition of facilitators such as the skillset and training of pharmacists, potential time release due to automation and well-considered implementation processes (characteristics of individuals, inner setting, process). Conclusion Health-related stakeholders in Qatar have positive perceptions of current clinical pharmacy services and support the expansion of pharmacist’s roles. However, service development needs to consider the issues of patient and public awareness and initially target institutionalised healthcare settings.

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"Automatic Medicine Vending Machine." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 1850–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f7977.129219.

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In Pharmacies inside hospitals we can more often see lots of people waiting in queues to get the most common medicines. This wastes their time. There is also a possibility of human Error, which may become a major problem. So, in order to overcome that we decided to automate the process of Medicine Vending which is much faster and less error prone than Human pharmacist. Before meeting the doctor, the patient is issued a RFID card. After inspecting the patient, the doctor scans the RFID of the Patient in his RFID scanner which is connected with a microcontroller. Now the RFID value is pushed to web app provided to the doctor. The web app will be where the doctor inputs the medicine count in the respective text boxes. Now the prescription will be pushed to database from the web app. When the patient scans the RFID in the Automated Medicine Vending Machine placed at the pharmacy it retrieves the medicine count from the database and vends the medicines to the patient

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hospital pharmacy automation'

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