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Fonseca, Sofia Alexandra Alves da. "Práticas de logística inversa dos resíduos nos hospitais do distrito de Setúbal." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/19779.
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de
Mestre em Ciências Empresariais - ramos Gestão LogísticaA logística inversa dos resíduos surge como uma importante atividade na minimização do impacto causado no meio ambiente. A produção de resíduos é uma das maiores preocupações existentes na atualidade. Sendo os hospitais uma grande fonte de produção de resíduos, é importante o seu tratamento que difere consoante os graus de perigosidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo estudar as práticas de logística inversa dos resíduos, levadas a cabo pelos hospitais do distrito de Setúbal, em Portugal. Para a concretização deste objetivo utilizou-se o método quantitativo de recolha de dados, nomeadamente, um inquérito por questionário, enviado por correio eletrónico. O estudo engloba, para além de questões gerais sobre logística inversa, as etapas da gestão de resíduos, nomeadamente, a triagem e acondicionamento, a recolha e o transporte interno e o armazenamento interno. Conclui-se que a maioria das práticas decorre do imperativo legal, existindo ainda muito a fazer na área da logística inversa hospitalar. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que, de uma forma geral, é feito muito pouco para além do que é obrigatório por lei.
The reverse logistics of waste emerged as an important activity in minimizing the impact on the environment. The production of waste is one of the biggest concerns that exist today. Having in consideration that hospitals have a great responsibility in terms of waste production, it is important to grant that the waste is treated considering it’s classification due to the hazardousness level. The objective of this study is to investigate the several reverse logistics waste practices, carried out by hospitals, in Setúbal district, in Portugal. In order to fulfill the objective of the present study, it was used a quantitative data collection method, namely, questionnaires sent by electronic mail. Apart from general reverse logistics questions, this study also analyses questions related with the waste management step: sorting and waste conditioning, the waste collecting system, the internal transport and storage system. It is concluded that the majority of practices resumes itself to the legal requirements, and there is a lot of work to be done in this area. The results obtained, allow us to conclude that in general is done very little beyond what is legally required.
The reverse logistics of waste emerged as an important activity in minimizing the impact on the environment. The production of waste is one of the biggest concerns that exist today. Having in consideration that hospitals have a great responsibility in terms of waste production, it is important to grant that the waste is treated considering it’s classification due to the hazardousness level. The objective of this study is to investigate the several reverse logistics waste practices, carried out by hospitals, in Setúbal district, in Portugal. In order to fulfill the objective of the present study, it was used a quantitative data collection method, namely, questionnaires sent by electronic mail. Apart from general reverse logistics questions, this study also analyses questions related with the waste management step: sorting and waste conditioning, the waste collecting system, the internal transport and storage system. It is concluded that the majority of practices resumes itself to the legal requirements, and there is a lot of work to be done in this area. The results obtained, allow us to conclude that in general is done very little beyond what is legally required.
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Chiu, Shih-Feng. "The Effect of Changing Batch Frequency, Lead Time and Installing an I.V. Workflow Management System on Intravenous Admixture Operations in a Pediatric Hospital." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397736409.
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Rosberg, Philip. "Waste management at Electrolux : Proposals for a New Waste Management- and Waste Reporting System." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202577.
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There has been an increased trend and awareness, during the past two decades, for global companies to assess their environmental impact. And when it comes to waste management, there are at this point few disarmaments that an increased awareness of companies’ resource-, and waste streams can have positive financial outcomes, if actions are taken. A lot of these ideas have already been implemented within Electrolux. By developing an energy and water management plan, Green Spirit, they have successfully improved their operations with reducing their energy intensity with 17% (2011-2015) and water intensity with 35% (2011- 2015) (Electrolux Sustainability, 2016). This study has the main objective how to improve and reduce waste in Electrolux´s production facilities, and to help Electrolux understand their waste streams. By assessing the waste performance at Electrolux, and by comparing environmental KPIs between Electrolux and a selection of competitors, a basis for decision was developed. Literature studies of legislative frameworks in geographical regions where Electrolux have a strong presence have helped to understand how companies can work with regulatory entities to solve greater issues. By joining forces with other companies and governments, Electrolux will be able to set an example of how waste performance and profitability can be achieved. By sharing best practice, and engaging with stakeholders and developers, Electrolux can help improve waste performance and save natural resources. This thesis has lead to the development of a new management system, a new reporting system, and a transparent way to rank and keep track of waste performance at Electrolux factories. A way to understand and address issues related to zero waste is also presented.
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Setty, Rahul Sridhar. "Sensor-less Smart Waste Management System." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393301.
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In order to improve the municipal solid waste management efficiency, smart management approaches have been proposed such as wireless sensor network architecture solution which includes the use of sensors to detect the garbage bin fill levels and vehicle route optimization techniques. Experimental results show that we can save up to 35% of the operational cost by improving the efficiency of solid waste management. In this thesis, a new low-cost architecture solution is proposed for improving the efficiency of municipal solid waste management without the use of sensors. Instead, a messaging application is used to ask the customers for pick up of garbage. Based on their reply, the prototype architecture uses a cluster-first route-second method that implements a clustering algorithm with truck capacity as the constraint and solves a travelling salesman algorithm in each cluster. The prototype architecture consists of a back-end server that implements sweep clustering algorithm for clustering the customers by their location and solves travelling salesman problem with dynamic programming method in each cluster, firebase realtime database and front-end using android application for the mobile. The experimental results show that the prototype system can adapt to the change in dataset size and truck capacity constraints. We have observed that with an increase in truck capacity constraint, the number of clusters formed for the data set decreases. Forward and backward sweep clustering methods have been compared where there is no significant difference in the results produced. The dataset has been generated manually due to unavailability of real data from various sources. As a future work, we need to test the prototype with the real data in order to produce more accurate results.
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Yilmaz, Ozge. "Hazardous Waste Management System Design For Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613116/index.pdf.
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Hazardous waste management demands detailed planning due to the risks posed by hazardous wastes on public and environment and high investments required. This study aims to provide a framework that leads Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in planning of hazardous waste facilities to be built. This framework considers the facility and transport cost along with impacts of hazardous waste management. The linear optimization models for several scenarios are developed in order to evaluate possible approaches in management of hazardous wastes. During cost calculations economy of scale principle is considered. Estimation of impact includes not only population impact but also environmental impact for which a methodology is developed in the scope of this study. This methodology considers the effect of hazardous waste transportation on lakes, rivers, dams, seashores, forests and agricultural areas, which are defined as vulnerable environmental elements.
Evaluation of the results suggests that establishment of designated hazardous waste facilities with co-incineration practices and use of transfer stations give most satisfactory outcome. Co-incineration practices decrease incineration costs, which has the highest contribution to overall cost while transfer stations provide great improvement in total impact. Locations for recovery, treatment, incineration facilities and landfills are selected. These selections both confirm decisions made in the past regarding existing locations and become suggestions for locations for new facilities. It is observed that integrated facilities are favored. The importance of countrywide planning should also be underlined.
It is believed that results of this study provides a basis to evaluate possible alternatives for further improvement of hazardous waste management system in Turkey that would be most useful to MoEF.
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Quiroga, Ekman Maria Eugenia. "Waste Management System Assessment in the North of Argentina." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219315.
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During the last decades, solid waste management has been going through a lot of changes regarding, regulation and applications of models and systems. New practices to solve environmental problems have been approached in different scenarios, situations and in different countries. Today the problem of waste management requires the application of broader approach including new methodologies, systems, practices and models to continue the development toward sustainable systems. The objective of this thesis to assess the waste management situation in the Provinces of Jujuy (Municipality of San Salvador de Jujuy) and Salta (Municipality of Salta Capital) located in the north of Argentina and to provide technical recommendations to implement or improve their waste management system. To carry out the technical and environmental assessment of the waste situation in the municipalities in Jujuy and Salta, the Integrated Waste Management (IWM) approach from UN-HABITAT and UNEP, Global Waste Management Outlook is applied; as well as the chronological and practical methodology WHAT (Waste Holistic Assessment Tool) from the Municipal Association in Sweden “Gästrike Återvinnare” based on ten (15) aspects that, according to praxis in Sweden, are considered relevant in order to assess the waste management system in a municipality. The Province of Jujuy and Salta are facing environmental problems as contamination of soil and groundwater, landfills producing greenhouse gas emissions and social problems of people living at the landfill that need to be addressed. The result of this thesis shows that in the province of Jujuy the waste management situation need to be prioritized. At the capital of Jujuy, there are produced 400 tonnes of household waste per day. The level of knowledge of the system perspective is very low and they need the creation of goals, objectives and policies for the implementation of a sustainable system. It is also necessary the assessment of the type and quality of the waste produced, to have a picture of the situation based on facts. The collection and transport need improvements on infrastructure and regarding the workers at the landfill. There is a lack of sorting system or sorting stations. Sorting of waste and recycling is only based on the activity of the informal workers living at the landfill. The construction of a sorting plant at Chanchillos is positive but the lack of separation system limit the usefulness of the equipment. Regarding the financing aspects, there is a system in place for charging the customers for services provided regarding collection of waste, but there is a problem with financing, to cover not only the costs for the daily services but to secure financing for needed investments in infrastructure, treatment facilities etc. In conclusion, the most important aspects with high priority In Jujuy to start with the implementation of an integrated waste management system in Jujuy are: system goals, source and quality of waste, waste sorting, waste treatment, cooperation, planning, financing, knowledge, socio economic aspects and environmental aspects. The results with lower priority are collection and transport, law and regulations, public awareness and business opportunities. On the other hand, the legislative framework shows that the legislation is in place concerning the issues of waste and environmental protection as well the legislative framework at national and provincial level. However, it is necessary to develop a specific legislation, regarding waste management practices, considering, waste hierarchy as well as the development guidelines regarding extended producer responsibility (EPR). In relation to the technical aspects of the landfill, the results show that there is a potential to implement two different solutions for waste treatment a) The capturing of the landfill gas to reduce gas emissions from the landfill. b) Possibility to build up a biogas plant with electricity generation or biodiesel production taking advantage of the raw material of the place as manure. The results in the Province of Salta shows the implementation of an integrated system is in place but it is necessary the improvement of the system. At the capital of the Province of Salta, there are produced 600 tonnes waste a day, that is deposited in a controlled landfill with biogas extraction and only a small percentage of the waste is sent for recycling. Regarding the waste collection and separation there are similarities with the problems of infrastructure described in the Province of Jujuy, such as the lack of trash cans, that makes the collection difficult and the lack of a separation system is a common deficit. The municipality does not have an update data of the quality and quantity of waste since 2003. In relation to public awareness there is a cooperative in cooperation with a private company that oversees the waste sorting. This program is a good initiative but it only covers 2000 blocks of the city and 14 000 households representing only the 10% of the total area. Regarding the financing there is a problem with financing, to cover not only the costs for the daily services but to secure financing for needed investments in infrastructure, treatment facilities, etc. The waste is transported to the landfill, which is using the cell method and is well constructed, considering important aspects as the size of the cells, quantity and variation of rainfall, the absorptive capacity of the waste as well as the control of the capacity of the cells for high degree compaction. However, the controlled landfill has technical problems during the extraction of biogas with leachates and oxygen that ingress into the holes where methane gas is extracted. In conclusion, the aspects with high priority in Salta are: classification of source and type of waste, cooperation, planning, financing, business opportunities and socio-economic aspects. The aspects with low priority are: system goals, collection and transport, waste treatment, law and regulations, public awareness, knowledge, environmental aspects. This shows that the government strategy is working positively regarding instruments and legislation. However, the control and financial system need improvement to afford the costs of the waste management system. The controlled landfill has technical problems during the extraction of biogas with leachates and oxygen that enter the holes where methane gas is extracted. There is also a potential to a) upgrade the biogas to biofuel or b) for generation of energy which is highly demanded in the Province. The conclusions of the assessment show that today the problem of waste management requires a broader approach and new methodologies to understand the situation of the decision makers in the area of waste management. Where not only the physical or technical aspects on a waste management system are considered but also broader and deeply oriented aspects that include other factors that describe the cause of the problems. The methodology applied in this thesis called WHAT (Waste Holistic Assessment Tool) can be used as a practical assessment tool in the future, for the analysis of the conditions for the establishment and development of integrated waste management system in a municipality. After the application of the WHAT methodology in this thesis it can be noticed that there is a potential of future improvements of the methodology as a) the inclusion of the Swedish knowledge and knowhow in the area. b) potential to development of a software to provide a quick assessment in a municipality. c) the inclusion of a database for the implementation of waste management. d) potential to include a financial tool with cost and benefits of the investments. According to the concept of sustainable waste management, the system needs to ensure health and safety aspects but in addition it must also be environmentally, effective, economically affordable and socially acceptable.
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Vitanza, Daniele. "Carbon flows of waste management system in Denmark." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1494/.
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Carrillo, Silva Diana. "Here and Within: A Local Waste Management System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280003.
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This work is a critique to the stigmatisation of trash as something we should not live close together with. Due to this derogative conceptualisation of waste together with the inherent characteristics of landfills, Mexico City’s government implemented a “far and out” policy locating the final disposal areas distant and out from the city. Then, the proposal is the opposite approach: a local waste management system. So waste that usually ends kilometers away is handled in the community where it was produced in order to lengthen the life cycle of materials. The project is developed in Xochimilco for the challenges regarding the door-to-door collection of waste in this municipality. The local system focuses in the sorting process; being the most inefficient part of the current system as this activity is primarily executed by informal workforce. Besides, the type of waste that the community is able to manage completely locally is organic materials which are the principal element of the system for the regeneration of wetlands.
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Szabo, Florian Akos. "Modelling of secure communication system for IoT enabled waste management system." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76028.
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Urban expansion is a key driving force of our modern world. Increasing environmental footprint is an example issue that is directly caused by it. The city of St. Petersburg employs on average almost 500 garbage trucks on a daily basis and spends more than 1 million US Dollars every year to collect, process and manage waste. In order for megacities, such as St. Petersburg, to cope with its effects, new ideas are needed. This seems to be an obvious area in which technology can be used to improve current practices and help save resources. In this study, we investigate how the Internet of Things, blockchain and Quantum Key Distribution systems can be integrated to provide a safe and efficient method for improving the waste management process in the context of Smart City projects. Our implemented simulations in Mininet show that there are some clear challenges with regards to the adoption of blockchain technology in an IoT environment. However, the integration of quantum channels and the use of Quantum Key Distribution within the blockchain infrastructure shows good potential for balancing the advantages and disadvantages of blockchain. With the implemented simulations we demonstrate the superior capabilities of the Proof of Infrastructure blockchain solution, which can facilitate secure transactions within the waste management scenario.
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Abor, Patience Aseweh. "Medical waste management at Tygerberg hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/782.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007This study examined the medical waste management practices of Tygerberg Hospital. The researcher made use of both primary and secondaiy data. Since this was a is study, the analysis is essentially descriptive.The results of this study revealed that both general and medical wastes are generated in the hospital. Tygerberg Hospital does not quantify medical waste. Segregation of medical wastes into infectious medical waste and non-infectious medical waste is not conducted according to definite rules and standards. The hospital does not label infectious waste with Biohazard symbol. Separation of medical waste and municipal waste is however practiced to a satisfactory extent. Wheeled trolleys are used for on-site transportation of waste from the points of production (different wards) to the temporary storage area. Staff responsible for collecting medical waste use almost complete personal protective equipment. The results of this study indicated that off-site transportation of the hospital waste is undertaken by a private waste management company. Waste is transported daily and small pickups are mainly used by the waste management company for transporting the waste to an off-site area for treatment and disposal. The final disposal of the medical waste is done by the private waste management company. The main treatment method used in the final disposal of infectious waste is incineration. Non-infectious waste is disposed of using land disposal method. The hospital does not recycle medical waste materials except white office paper and mixed office paper and the use of empty containers of antiseptics for the collection and temporary storage of sharps.The hospital does not provide training for staff members on the health and environmental effects of infectious waste. The waste management company's workers have also not received any formal training with regards to medical waste management. The study showed that Tygerberg Hospital does not have a policy and plan in place for managing medical waste. There is no definite policy or plan for purchasing the necessary equipment and for providing the facilities for the correct management of medical waste in the hospital. There are also no policies and guidelines regarding the recycling of medical waste products. There are a number of problems the hospital faces in terms of medical waste management, including; lack of necessary rules, regulations and instructions on the different aspects of collection and disposal of waste, intermingling of hazardous wastes with domestic waste in the hospital sometimes, failure to quantify the waste generated in reliable records, lack of use of coloured bags by limiting the bags to only one colour for all waste, the absence of a dedicated waste manager, the supervisor in charge of general services has waste management as part of his job schedule, and there is no committee responsible for monitoring the management of medical waste. From the results of this study, it is obvious that medical waste management is not practiced according to the World Health Organisation's (WHO's) recommended standards. There are some areas where medical wastes are not properly managed. It is imperative for significant investment in the proper management of medical waste in order to reduce the health risk it poses.
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Zhao, Rui. "Environmental risk management system design for hazardous waste materials." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6227.
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Hazardous materials can be generally deemed as any material which, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may cause, or pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the environment. In the context of "sustainable development", most 'materials' could be deemed to be 'hazardous' at some stage of their lifecycle, i.e. from extraction to final disposal. This PhD study develops a decision support system for engineers and policy makers to help limit environmental burden, by reducing the environmental risk and the associated carbon footprint, from the perspective of 'hazardous' materials in product design, through the application of 'game theory' and 'grey theory' etc, as well as various computational approaches, by helping the designer identify novel solutions or mitigation strategies. The thesis starts by introducing the problem situation of the study and identify the research objectives, as well as previous studies have been reviewed in order to set this study in context. Since it is evident that consumers drive the open market, and their preference may be influenced by the carbon footprint label of products, the decision support system proposes an improved carbon labelling scheme to demonstrate the significance of a product‘s carbon footprint in a more visual way. The prototype of the scheme is derived from the concept of 'tolerability of risk', providing a framework by which judgments can be made as to whether society will accept the risk from hazardous materials. Application of game theory for decision support is a novel approach in this study, which aids decision-making by selecting appropriate strategies for both organisations and policy makers to reduce environmental impact. In this context, a game between manufacturers and government in the field of clean production is generated with various game scenarios to reflect the variation trend of strategic actions, and then developed to discuss the reduction of the inherent risk posed by 'hazardous' materials and carbon emissions on the supply chain network. The 'hierarchy of waste' suggests that the most preferable state for sustainability is prevention or the elimination of waste. Although this is not wholly practicable in real terms, the framework gives the importance to waste minimisation and prevention, especially promotes the cleaner production. In addition to strategy selection for mitigating environmental impact, the decision support system also develops an evaluation methodology for application by engineers to aid decision-making on materials selection, thus to improve the materials performances, promote cleaner production and provide better and sustainable products for public consumption.
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Khuris, Hassan. "Sustainable Construction Waste Management System in Saudi Arabia (SCWMS)." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2015. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/420.
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A major problem is looming in Saudi Arabia. The problem is a direct result of the ever growing volume of construction waste. Collecting construction waste firms are guilty of dumping waste on undeveloped lands creating a nuisance and public hazard. Landfills in major Saudi cities are nearing capacity. The facilities to sort out recyclable materials from construction waste are nearly non-existent. As a result, materials that could be recycled end up being lost in dumpsite or landfills. The cost of construction materials continues to rise with inflation. There exists opportunities to help contain construction costs, reduce landfill use, and make Saudi Arabia more ecologically compliant by applying a sustainable construction waste system. This opportunity exists in construction waste management system, and how to manage it? Providing a new or revised system will provide a more efficient and effective job in managing construction waste and will resolve many concerns for the citizens of major Saudi Arabian cities.
This paper proposes how multiple problems will be solved by developing and implementing a sustainable system to recycle construction waste and use it in the construction sector. The solution that will be chosen will maximize revenue generation from recycling, provide needed materials to the construction industry for reuse, will minimize landfill use when compared to current methods, and will support a more "green" Saudi Arabia than the current system provides.
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Gordon, Daniel Benjamin. "A strategic information system for hospital management." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq36197.pdf.
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Labuschagne, Gertruida. "An assessment of perceptions of lean opportunities in hospital management." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012958.
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This is a quantitative study. The primary research objective is to investigate the importance of hospital management’s involvement when implementing lean elements in healthcare. In reality, incidents and quality problems are prime reasons why healthcare leaders are calling for redesign in healthcare delivery and systems. This paper presents a proposal for developing a lean culture in healthcare facilities equipped with managers who will be able to drive the implementation of lean elements from the top down, making use of multidisciplinary teams, including physicians, to deliver value-added services. This study ultimately endeavors to indicate the importance of management, multidisciplinary teams and physician involvement in implementing lean principles in healthcare successfully. “If we keep doing what we’re doing, we’re going to keep getting what we’re getting.” – Stephen Covey. The reasons why lean management is a particularly important strategy in healthcare currently, includes the following: •The need to reduce waste in healthcare cost; •The need to improve quality and on-time processes; •Fast-paced technological changes; •Ever-increasing patient expectations; and •The need to standardise processes and systems to get the high-quality results anticipated (Chalice, 2010).
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Boer, Jan den. "Sustainability assessment for waste management planning : development and alternative use of the LCA-IWM waste management system assessment tool /." Darmstadt : Inst. WAR, 2007. http://www.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/tocs/194398196.pdf.
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Rousta, Kamran. "Municipality Solid Waste Management An evaluation on the Borås System." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19040.
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Municipality Solid Waste Management systems (MSWM) are large technical systems which involve many factors such as environments, technologies, people, businesses, politics, education, research, and also the sustainability aspects of the waste management systems. When these factors are amalgamated into a large system, MSWM turns to a very complicated phenomenon. These factors play different roles in MSWM, based on the type of the system. For instance, the type of MSWM utilized in Borås (A city in Sweden), requires people to contribute to the separation of waste materials at the source; i.e., where people live. This, in turn, leaves an important responsibility for people to take. The more responsible participation from the people, the better the system works. Although the system is equipped by the necessary technology to take of waste but its efficiency is properly relies on how people separate their wastes. However, people are not currently well educated to know what their genuine responsibilities are. As a result, it is argued that through public education, the main objectives of MSWM can be greatly enhanced in this city.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Pires, Ana Lúcia Lourenço. "Municipal solid waste management system: decision support through systems analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7509.
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Thesis submitted to the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental EngineeringThe present study intends to show the development of systems analysis model applied to solid waste management system, applied into AMARSUL, a solid waste management system responsible for the management of municipal solid waste produced in Setúbal peninsula, Portugal. The model developed intended to promote sustainable decision making, covering the four columns: technical, environmental, economic and social aspects. To develop the model an intensive literature review have been conducted. To simplify the discussion, the spectrum of these systems engineering models and system assessment tools was divided into two broadly-based domains associated with fourteen categories although some of them may be intertwined with each other. The first domain comprises systems engineering models including cost-benefit analysis, forecasting analysis, simulation analysis, optimization analysis, and integrated modeling system whereas the second domain introduces system assessment tools including management information systems, scenario development, material flow analysis, life cycle assessment (LCA), risk assessment, environmental impact assessment, strategic environmental assessment, socio-economic assessment, and sustainable assessment. The literature performed have indicated that sustainable assessment models have been one of the most applied into solid waste management, being methods like LCA and optimization modeling (including multicriteria decision making(MCDM)) also important systems analysis methods. These were the methods (LCA and MCDM) applied to compose the system analysis model for solid waste. The life cycle assessment have been conducted based on ISO 14040 family of norms; for multicriteria decision making there is no procedure neither guidelines, being applied analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based Fuzzy Interval technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Multicriteria decision making have included several data from life cycle assessment to construct environmental, social and technical attributes, plus economic criteria obtained from collected data from stakeholders involved in the study. The results have shown that solutions including anaerobic digestion in mechanical biological treatment plant plus anaerobic digestion of biodegradable municipal waste from source separation, with energetic recovery of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and promoting pays-as-you-throw instrument to promote recycling targets compliance would be the best solutions to implement in AMARSUL system. The direct burning of high calorific fraction instead of RDF has not been advantageous considering all criteria, however, during LCA, the results were the reversal. Also it refers that aerobic mechanical biological treatment should be closed.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - SFRH/BD/27402/2006
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Valença, Mário Filipe Lopes de Atalayão. "Avaliação da gestão de resíduos hospitalares do Departamento de Imagiologia do Hospital Distrital de Santarém." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5339.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaHospital wastes are potentially dangerous because they may contain pathogens agents (or microorganisms), and this calls for proper management of such wastes. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to conduct the assessment of hospital waste management in the District of Santarém Hospital (HDS) Imaging Department, identifying what the needs are and the corrective measures to implement in order to provide an improved hospital waste global management system of that department and, consequently, of the HDS.HDS was chosen because it´s a hospital with a significant size and a leading role in the district of Santarém, which is why it is particularly important to know if the hospital waste is being subject to proper management, according to current legislation. This study also addresses the general situation of hospital waste in Portugal, and the legislation that is regulating them, while also addressing, in general, the Hospital Waste Management in Portugal as well as the Treatment Processes and Hospital Waste Producers Entities. It´s also made an analysis of impacts on health and the environment resulting from the method of managing of this type of waste, as well as a description of the international situation of this issue.
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Frykman, Carina. "The Power of Waste : A Study of Socio-Political Relations in Mexico City’s Waste Management System." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7063.
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It is estimated that up to 2 percent of the population in Third World countries survives on waste in one way or another. In Mexico City alone there exist 15,000 garbage scavengers called Pepenadores. The poverty and marginalization they experience is utterly linked to their work, and while they do much of the hard work their socio-economic situation seems stagnant. This paper explores the complexity of the waste management system in Mexico City which keeps them in this position, and how the current system is a manifestation of the existing symbiosis between the formal and informal sectors of the city.The main characters in the maintenance of this system are the leaders of waste management associations.Their struggle to maintain their powerful positions influences both the system’s relationship to the public sector and determines the socioeconomic situation of the Pepenadores.The paper also analyzes the effects of past efforts to change the system, and how policy changes always seem to work against the Pepenadores. Efforts to help the Pepenadores escape their vulnerable positions can be successful in the short-term, but the existing social structure in Mexico City make any permanent changes difficult to achieve.
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Cheng, Karen S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Sustainable packaging approaches for current waste challenges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122336.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-65).
Packaging plays an essential role in protecting a product from damage, attracting consumers to purchase a product, and facilitating storage and consumption. Yet its appreciation and value is quickly eroded once the product is purchased and/or consumed and the package becomes waste. With the passing of China's National Sword policy in 2018, post-consumer materials recycling markets are threatened and resources are not being recovered due to high contamination rates. The development of new packaging material has surged in recent years but has not corresponded with development of the necessary recycling infrastructure. Consumers want to recycle but are confused about how to most effectively do so. Packaging continues to consume our finite resources and pollute our terrestrial and marine environments. This research takes a systems approach to understanding today's emerging waste challenges and identifies key obstacles that society should collectively solve. High impact opportunity areas include alignment amongst all key stakeholders, establishing standardized signage and labels, increasing consumer education, and tackling difficult-to-recycle materials through scaling up technology, enacting policy, providing materials alternatives with corresponding infrastructure, or redesigning packaging.
by Karen Cheng.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program
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Ayanoglu, Cemal Can. "A Location Routing Problem For The Municipal Solid Waste Management System." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608230/index.pdf.
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This study deals with a municipal solid waste management system in which the strategic and tactical decisions are addressed simultaneously. In the system, the number and locations of the transfer facilities which serve to the particular solid waste pick-up points and the landfill are determined. Additionally, routing plans are constructed for the vehicles which collect the solid waste from the pick-up
points by regarding the load capacity of the vehicles and shift time restrictions.
We formulate this reverse logistics system as a location-routing problem with two facility layers. Mathematical models of the problem are presented, and an iterative capacitated-k-medoids clustering-based heuristic method is proposed for
the solution of the problem. Also, a sequential clustering-based heuristic method is presented as a benchmark to the iterative method. Computational studies are performed for both methods on the problem instances including up to 1000 pick-up points, 5 alternative transfer facility sites, and 25 vehicles. The results obtained show that the iterative clustering-based method developed achieves considerable
improvement over the sequential clustering-based method.
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Löfstedt, Eriksson Christian, and Sara Flygar. "Implementation of an Anaerobic Digestion System in Quelimane : Sustainable waste management." Thesis, KTH, Produkt- och tjänstedesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245053.
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Den här rapporten följer ett projektarbete som genomförts inom ramen för Minor Field Study, ett begrepp myntat av Sida, och som utförts i Quelimane, Mocambique. Uppdraget var att undersöka om ett system för anaerobisk fermentering, eller biogasproduktion, kunde konstrueras, underhållas och användas i en lantlig miljö med tillämpning av lokal kompetens, lokala verktyg och begränsade resurser. Som förberedelse inför fältstudien genomfördes litteraturstudier och konstruktion av flera prototyper, samt studiebesök i Sverige. Under fältstudien samlade projektet de nödvändiga verktygen och hårdvaran och samverkade med olika personer för att aktualisera uppförandet av systemet. Efter ungefär fem veckors drift av systemet producerade det biogas i en tillräcklig takt för att samlas i behållare och därefter förbrännas i ett gaskök. Fältstudien avslutades när det fungerade systemet lämnades över till kommunen Quelimane under en slutlig formell presentation.This paper covers the work of a project within the frame of a Minor Field Study, as defined by Sida, that is carried out in Quelimane, Mozambique. The objective was to investigate whether a system of anaerobic fermentation, or biogas production, could be constructed, operated and made use of in a rural area using local knowledge and tools and with limited resources. This is prepared for by constructing several prototypes, performing desk research and conducting field trips in Sweden before the actual field study in Africa. During the field study the project gathered the required tools and hardware and also connected with people in order to actualize the construction of the system. After about five weeks of operation the system produced biogas in a rate high enough to gather it in containers and combust it in a gas stove. The field study was finished when the operational system is handed over to the municipality of Quelimane during a final formal presentation.
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Myamya, Luyolo Ebenezer. "Establishing a waste management system for Cape Peninsula University of Technology." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11670.
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Communities around the globe are confronted by environmental challenges such as waste management. These challenges are further aggravated by factors such the increasing volumes of waste, landfills that are running out of capacity and scarcity of suitable land to construct new landfill sites. The National Waste Management Strategy requires participation from all members of society including households, businesses, community organisations, nongovernmental organisations, parastatals and the three spheres of government, to promote practices that minimise the volumes of waste generated. The purpose of the research was to assess and investigate the current waste management practices at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), and recommend a waste management system. The research employed a quantitative approach, where participants were asked to complete a survey questionnaire. A literature review was conducted on waste management at higher learning institutions, with particular focus on the contribution that a university can make in alleviating some of the adverse effects of waste management. The outcome of the review highlighted some of the opportunities and barriers that can either disrupt or augment the process of implementing a waste management system. The results from the research revealed that CPUT does not conform to the hierarchy of waste management, and there is no waste management policy in place. The effect of this is that the stakeholders were not satisfied with the lack of leadership on waste related challenges. By developing a policy, providing leadership, conducting awareness campaigns and prioritising environmental challenges such responsible management waste, could improve the image of the institution in the eyes if its stakeholders.
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Yakubu, Janet. "The waste management system in low income areas of Jos, Nigeria : the challenges and waste reduction opportunities." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2017. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2735f8db-485e-4dfd-afd3-01d205274e2a.
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An estimated 2 billion people do not have access to waste collection services, and 3 billion do not have access to controlled waste disposal. This lack of services and infrastructure has a detrimental impact on public health and the environment with waste being dumped or burnt in communities. With waste levels projected to double in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) by 2025 there are significant challenges facing municipalities who already lack the basic resources needed to manage waste. The United Nations acknowledged the problems of poor sanitation and waste management in the Sustainable Development Goals which sets targets to address these challenges, including the target by 2030 to substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, reuse and recycling. Jos, the capital of Plateau state in Nigeria, shares the waste management challenges facing cities in LEDCs. The population of Jos is projected to increase from 1.3 million in 2007 to 2.7 million in 2025, with much of the population living in densely populated areas that lack basic sanitation and controlled disposal of waste. This thesis presents the results of a detailed investigation into the current waste management system in Jos with a focus on low income areas. Through the adoption of mixed methods the thesis identifies how waste is currently being managed and establishes the challenges to sustainable waste management. The existing waste management system was found to be grossly inadequate with 64 communal collection containers being used to collect waste for the entire city, this equates to 20,313 citizens per container. The system leads to most residents disposing of their waste through open dumping in public space and water bodies, and open burning, with impacts to public health and the environment. Key challenges identified include the lack of suitable resources, political interference, poor governance, overlapping responsibilities of agencies, lack of waste awareness amongst the public, and poor infrastructure. 13 recommendations are presented to help develop an improved waste management system in the study area. Despite reduction and reuse being the priorities of the waste hierarchy there is a paucity of research on the potential of waste prevention within LEDCs especially low income areas. With waste levels projected to increase, waste prevention interventions could play an important role. Following waste analysis and a review of waste prevention initiatives adopted globally, a shortlist of options suitable for the study area was developed. This shortlist was assessed using Ketso and SWOT analysis facilitated in focus groups representing the waste industry and the community. Community composting was identified as waste prevention intervention with the most potential due to 65.2% of the waste stream in the study area being biodegradable, and only 5.2% of the community currently composting. Benefits of this approach would be less pressure on the waste collection system, reductions in waste being indiscriminately dumped, increased awareness of waste issues, and compost production that could be utilised in the community. 7 recommendations are presented that in the long term could help to promote waste prevention in the study area including training of community volunteers, engagement with community leaders, and the developmenttof holistic waste awareness campaigns.
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Perez-Sanchez, Daniel. "Solid waste management systems in small and medium sized enterprises : procedures for the effective management of packaging waste using an expert system." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405797.
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Choi, Fei. "System dynamics study and assessment on municipal solid waste management for Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586273.
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Jahan, Israt. "Quality Improvement of the Waste Management system in ABB corporate Research Centre." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-20956.
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Ratnam, Leena. "System considerations in converting sugar mill waste to Bio-CNG." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105301.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 73 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (page 72).
Sugar mills produce a range of by-products during the sugar extraction process. Bagasse, press-mud (also known as filter cake or mill mud), molasses and alcohol by-products are commonly used for various purposes. Specifically, press-mud, one of the by-products is produced in significant volume. Some of this press-mud is utilized by farmers as fertilizer. However, the supply of press-mud often exceeds the demand leading to stockpiling onsite or spreading it over nearby cane fields as a disposal method. Subsequently, the heavy metal contamination and over-fertilization of cane fields and spillage to nearby waterways due to excess press-mud has raised serious environmental concerns. This study takes a look at a possible method to mitigate air, water and health pollution from sugar manufacturing in India by converting the excess press-mud generated into Biofuel. This operation not only mitigates pollution, but also opens up an income stream for small to large scale sugar mill enterprises in a nascent but promising market in India. Systems thinking methods that we use in this study to examine the Biofuel solution to excess press-mud generation show several benefits to local community, local sugar mill facility owners as well as external constituents. These benefits include higher quality of living through a cleaner environment, enhanced employment opportunities and local access to fuel, which in turn lowers dependence on costly energy imports.
by Leena Ratnam.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Shafqat, Jawaid Sheikh Pantyp Ramasoota. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of the sanitary workers towards management of hospital waste in Islamabad, Pakistan /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-ShafqatJawaidS.pdf.
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Irmscher, Bettina. "New compliance management system of the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-208915.
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The meaning of Corporate Governance is all values and principles guiding or regulating good and responsible business management.
Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for managing compliance, risks and checks is the prerequisite for the latter. For that reason, a compliance management system was set up at the University Hospital
Frankfurt in 2015.
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Joseph, Asma. "Expert system adjudication of hospital data in HIV disease management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12066.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
HIV Disease Management Programs (DMP's) are comprehensive programs that are designed to manage the HIV infected patient's treatment in an integrated manner.
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Mohamadi, Fardi Hamed. "Waste Management System Modeling of Tehran EIA study different MSW management models by using WAMPS model." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19191.
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Lessard, Joseph S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Electronic waste recycling : understanding the ecosystem and opportunities for improvement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/110138.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 133-139).
With the growth of the smartphone industry a commensurate growth in the volume of electronic waste has occurred. Electronic waste is any electronic or electrical device that has reached the end of its useful life and has been disposed of by a consumer. The volume of this waste stream is the fastest growing waste stream globally and has begun to impact the developing world disproportionately as these regions are often at the receiving end of an endless stream of hazardous waste components. The industries that handle electronic waste must be thought of as a System of Systems or ecosystem if real improvement is to be made. The ecosystem can be decomposed into three major systems: collection, which collects electronic waste from consumers and introduces it to the recycling process; pre-processing, which turns electronic waste into discrete material streams for ultimate recycling; and end-processing, which turns individual material streams into raw materials with market value. Improving the overall recycling ecosystem is a critical component of making global industrialization sustainable. This improvement must address both the individual challenges facing each component system in the ecosystem as well as the broader challenges that span the whole ecosystem. The three component systems of the ecosystem face economic, social, environmental, and technological challenges. As a result, the available solution space is broad and varied. However, from an ecosystem perspective, the greatest challenges exist at system interfaces and the greatest opportunity exists in improving these interfaces. In so doing, improved communication between systems and stakeholders will drive the overall improvement of the ecosystem. This communication should generate a uniform set of requirements for how the system should operate. In turn, measuring success in the ecosystem and meeting the requirements requires alignment of goals for each system with those of the broader ecosystem. Finally, a fourth member of the ecosystem-the device manufacturers-must play a crucial role in facilitating this interface management; in this sense, manufacturers have the opportunity to become the de facto architects of this evolving system. As architects, manufacturers could exert more power to realize the changes required while also guiding the ecosystem to more sustainable ground.
by Joseph Lessard.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Björklund, Anna. "Environmental System Analysis of Waste Management : Experiences from Applications of the ORWARE Model." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3055.
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Waste management has gone through a history of shiftingproblems, demands, and strategies over the years. In contrastto the long prevailing view that the problem could be solved byhiding or moving it, waste is now viewed as a problem rangingfrom local to global concern, and as being an integral part ofseveral sectors in society. Decisive for this view has beensocietys increasing complexity and thus the increasingcomplexity of waste, together with a general development ofenvironmental consciousness, moving from local focus on pointemission sources, to regional and global issues of more complexnature. This thesis is about the development and application orware;a model for computer aided environmental systems analysis ofmunicipal waste management. Its origin is the hypothesis thatwidened perspectives are needed in waste managementdecision-making to avoid severe sub-optimisation ofenvironmental performance. With a strong foundation in lifecycle assessment (LCA), orware aims to cover the environmentalimpacts over the entire life cycle of waste management. It alsoperforms substance flow analysis (SFA) calculations at a ratherdetailed level of the system. Applying orware has confirmed the importance of applyingsystems perspective and of taking into account site specificdifferences in analysis and planning of waste manage-ment,rather than relying on overly simplified solutions. Somefindings can be general-ised and used as guidelines to reduceenvironmental impact of waste management. Recovery of materialand energy resources from waste generally leads to netreductions in energy use and environmental impact, because ofthe savings this brings about in other sectors. Waste treatmentwith low rate of energy and materials recovery should thereforebe avoided. The exact choice of technology however depends onwhat products can be recovered andhow they are used. Despite the complexity of the model and a certain degree ofuser unfriendliness, involved stakeholders have expressed thevalue of participating in orware case studies. It providesimproved decision-basis, but also wider understanding of thecomplexity of waste management and of environmental issues ingeneral. The thesis also contains a first suggestion of a frameworkto handle uncertainty in orware, based on a review of types ofuncertainty in LCA and tools to handle it.QC 20100413
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Luniya, Suneet. "Automation of prototype solid waste management system for long term NASA space missions." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011364.
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Chi, Guifeng. "Integrated planning of a solid waste management system in the city of Regina." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0020/MQ30456.pdf.
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Boonchit, Chaiya. "Planning of an integrated solid waste management system in the Chachoensao Province, Thailand." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0007/MQ58418.pdf.
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von, der Heyde Vanessa. "Towards a sustainable incremental waste management system in Enkanini: a transdisciplinary case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86274.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the global population grows and more countries industrialise, waste streams will grow proportionately. Current waste management practices and product manufacturing processes dictate that a large proportion of waste ends up in a landfill or incinerator. The predominant manufacturing design is a linear, one-way model that extracts resources for manufacture, which eventually end up in a landfill or incinerator, rendered useless. This is an unsustainable use of resources, not only of the ones that were extracted to manufacture the product, but also of the land used to dump waste. Along with this goes the increasingly significant issue of food waste and the issues of global hunger and food insecurity. It is estimated that globally one third of all food that is produced is wasted, equalling a total of 1.3 billion tonnes of food waste a year. Wastage of food causes a loss of potentially valuable food sources, or a potential resource for other processes, such as composting or energy generation. The poor are normally the first affected by limited or dwindling resources, and as yet, there are no significant signs of poverty alleviation. Worldwide, there is a proliferation of informal settlements, or slums, and how to deal with these settlements has formed part of international political and societal discourse for a long time. In South Africa, policies dictate that informal settlements should undergo an incremental, in situ upgrading process, where possible. Although this marks a positive development from the previous housing policy, substantial uptake on the ground has as yet not occurred. Consequently, this study attempted to combine the issues of waste management, in particular of food waste, and incremental upgrading of informal settlements through a transdisciplinary case study that focuses on upgrading the food waste management system in Enkanini, an informal settlement in Stellenbosch, South Africa. A waste characterisation study undertaken by Stellenbosch Municipality showed that food waste makes up a substantial part of the waste stream generated in Enkanini. As informal settlements often lack adequate waste collection services, the food waste poses a health risk by breeding pathogens and attracting pests. Through a transdisciplinary approach, an alternative food waste treatment method was piloted in Enkanini in partnership with Stellenbosch Municipality and Probiokashi (Pty) Ltd. The method used bokashi substrate to treat food waste with microorganisms. This was then processed further into compost through the sheet mulching method and by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. The outcomes were assessed according to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of this method of waste processing and indicated a positive impact in all three of these categories.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die globale samelewing groei en al hoe meer lande industrialiseer, sal afvalproduksie ook proporsioneel toeneem. Moderne afvalbestuurpraktyke en vervaardigingsprosesse behels dat groot volumes afval in vullingsterreine of verbrandingsoonde beland. Vervaardiging behels hoofsaaklik ’n lineêre proses, waarin grondstowwe vir vervaardiging onttrek word en uiteindelik in sodanige vullingsterreine of verbrandingsoonde beland. Hierdie produkte is dan onbruikbaar. Hierdie praktyk is ’n onvolhoubare manier om hulpbronne te gebruik, nie net wat die grondstowwe vir vervaardiging betref nie, maar ook die grond wat gebruik word om die afval op te stort. Verwant aan hierdie probleem, is die kwessie van toenemende voedselvermorsing en die probleme rondom wêreldwye hongersnood en voedselonsekerheid. Daar word benader dat een derde van alle voedsel wat ter wêreld vervaardig word, vermors word. Dit kom neer op 1.3 miljard ton voedsel per jaar. Voedselvermorsing veroorsaak ’n verlies aan waardevolle, potensiële voedselbronne of potensiële hulpbronne vir ander prosesse, soos bemesting en energievervaardiging. Die armes is gewoonlik diegene wat die gouste deur beperkte of afnemende hulpbronne geraak word en, tot nog toe, is daar geen beduidende vordering in armoedeverligting nie. Wêreldwyd is daar ’n toename in informele nedersettings, of agterbuurte, en maniere om hierdie probleem aan te spreek, vorm lankal deel van die internasionale politiese en maatskaplike diskoers. In Suid-Afrika dui beleide daarop dat informele nedersettings, waar moontlik, ’n inkrementele, in situ opgraderingsproses moet ondergaan. Alhoewel hierdie plan ’n verbetering is op die vorige behuisingsbeleid, het wesenlike vordering nog nie plaasgevind nie. Gevolglik het hierdie studie gepoog om die kwessies rakende afvalbestuur, spesifiek van voedselafval, en inkrementele opgradering van informele nedersettings in ’n transdissiplinêre gevallestudie te kombineer deur te fokus op die voedselafvalbestuurstelsel in Enkanini, ’n informele nedersetting in Stellenbosch, Suid-Afrika. ’n Studie, uitgevoer deur Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit, wat die inhoud van vullis ontleed het, het bevind dat voedselafval ’n beduidende deel vorm van die vullis wat in Enkanini geproduseer word. Aangesien informele nedersettings dikwels tekortskiet aan voldoende vullisverwyderingsdienste, hou voedselafval ’n bedreiging in omdat patogene daarin broei en dit peste lok. Deur middel van ’n transdissiplinêre benadering is ’n proefprojek aangepak waartydens ’n alternatiewe metode om voedselafval te behandel, getoets is. Hierdie projek is in samewerking met Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit en Probiokashi (Pty) Ltd (Edms.) Bpk. in Enkanini uitgevoer. Hierdie metode het van bokashi-substraat gebruik gemaak om deur middel van mikroörganismes die voedselafval te behandel. Dit is daarna verder deur swartsoldaatvlieglarwes (Hermetia illucens) tot kompos verwerk. Die uitkomste van die studie is geassesseer ten opsigte van die sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingsvolhoubaarheid van dié afvalverwerkingsmetode. ’n Positiewe impak is in al drie hierdie kategorieë opgemerk.
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Porwal, Atul. "Construction waste management at source : a Building Information Modeling based system dynamic approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45509.
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Construction waste is considered a major contributor of solid wastes in municipal landfills. As per the Canadian construction industry, construction, renovation, and demolition (CRD) wastes constitute 27% of total municipal wastes disposed to landfills. Many researchers have stated that 75% of wastes generated by construction industries have residual value. They can be even recycled, salvaged, and/or reused. In such circumstances, construction wastes have to go for recycling, which is as costly and environmentally harmful as going for new material. Sustainable and practical solutions then have to: (i) minimize the construction waste at source during the project construction phase, and (ii) optimize the material usage of the ‘proposed construction’ in the design phase itself. To achieve both of these objectives, virtual construction techniques, which can forecast potential waste of a given project with cost and schedule variations, are required. However, there are only a few studies carried out to analyse the complex relationships among the design, rework, material management, and construction functions in waste management. The waste should be avoided at source by considering the entire life cycle performance of the project.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a relatively new and much unexplored area in construction waste management. BIM has immense potential with today’s computing power and technology. The aim of this thesis is to enhance use of BIM to minimize construction waste at source by micro-mapping objects and spaces with a novel use of dynamic simulation techniques and earned value management methods. System Dynamic Modeling (SDM) is an effective tool to analyse the pattern of changes in variables of a system over time. The use of the SDM enables projects to be managed more effectively with respect to waste management policy assessment.
This thesis proposes a method of dealing with the complexity, interrelationships, and dynamics of Design-Bid-Build projects. Firstly, a BIM-Partnering approach for public construction procurement is presented with the aim to reduce construction waste right at source, early in the design stage. Then, a reinforcement cutting waste optimization technique integrated with BIM is presented. Finally, a dynamic model integrated with BIM; to minimize construction waste at source is presented.
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Holmgren, Kristina. "A System Perspective on District Heating and Waste Incineration." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7992.
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Silva, Filho Daves Pereira da. "PROPOSTAS PARA A GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS NO HOSPITAL VETERINÁRIO UNIVERSITÁRIO DA UFSM." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8198.
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Human hospitals, veterinary hospitals, clinics and dentistry offices generate waste that might pose risks to health and environment, in certain circumstances. In Brazil, ANVISA s RDC standard and CONAMA s Resolution nº 358/05, establish rules for preparation of a waste management plan for health services in general. This research was done based on standards and literature review, and it is a case study at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Santa Maria. Based on data collected and current law, the work has, as one of the objectives, review the hospital s management plan and propose changes, if necessary. We observed that Class A (infectious) and Class D (domestic) waste are generated in larger quantities, and among non-conformities found, the biggest problems were in segregation and packaging of these waste classes. Given these results and observations during the study, changes were proposed, both in PGRSS as waste gathering mode and, specifically, training and supervision.Os hospitais humanos, hospitais veterinários, clínicas e consultórios odontológicos geram resíduos que podem causar riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente, em determinadas circunstâncias. No Brasil as normas RDC 304/04 da ANVISA e a Resolução nº 358/05 do CONAMA, estabelecem as regras para a confecção de um plano de gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde de forma geral. Este trabalho foi feito baseado nas normas e revisões bibliográficas, e trata-se de um estudo de caso no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Com base nos dados coletados e com a legislação vigente o trabalho tem como um dos objetivos rever o plano de gerenciamento do hospital e propor mudanças caso sejam necessárias. Foi observado que os resíduos gerados em maior quantidade são os da classe A (infectantes) e classe D (domésticos) e que entre as inconformidades encontradas, os maiores problemas estavam na segregação e acondicionamento dessas classes de resíduos. Diante desses resultados e de observações durante o trabalho foram propostas mudanças, tanto no PGRSS quanto no modo de recolhimento dos resíduos e pontualmente no treinamento e fiscalização
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Banedj-Schafii, Mandana. "System transferability of public hospital facility management between Germany and Iran." Karlsruhe KIT Scientific Publ, 2009. http://d-nb.info/100219606X/04.
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Elgitait, Yousef. "Staff perceptions and practice for hospital waste management with reference to recycling in the UK versus Libya : a comparative study." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2013. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6193/.
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Green hospitals with improved hospital waste recycling practices can be a key solution to the potential problems associated with hospital waste disposal and management. Recycling of household hospital waste could significantly impact on the overall waste disposal management systems and how hospital waste is segregated and eventually disposed. The involvement of hospital staff is of key importance in improving recycling performance, however, the perceptions of hospital workers towards recycling of hospital waste is still not clear and there is a lack of research in this area. The factors that determine the recycling behaviour are not adequately described in the medical literature, and differences between hospital workers perceptions of recycling in developing versus developed countries have not previously been extensively studied. This thesis was designed to examine the factors influencing the knowledge and attitudes of hospital workers towards toward recycling of hospital waste, using a novel questionnaire. A pilot study was first performed to test the efficiency of the questionnaire, conducted via sending the self-administered questionnaires to 12 experts. Their views were considered in the development of the final version of the questionnaires. These were distributed randomly in 2 pre-selected hospitals in the UK and 3 similar hospitals in Libya. A total of 453 questionnaires were returned. The response rates were generally low in both counties (less than 20%). Females and nurses responded significantly more frequently than men and physicians. In general there were relatively low levels of knowledge about waste management and recycling practice. In this study, none of the Libyan hospitals practiced any recycling and the hospital workers in Libya were significantly less enthusiastic towards recycling than their UK counterparts. Training in hospital waste management and education were found to be weak predictors of positive attitudes. Results showed that it is difficult to predict the recycling behaviours among hospital workers, however, waste management staff were more positive towards recycling than those without training in waste management. The study has shown similar results to previous studies, in that hospitals in developed countries generated much less waste compared to hospitals in developed countries. Unexpectedly, knowledge was weakly linked to attitudes in both UK and Libyan hospitals. This may be due to the fact that the attitudes of clinicians and hospital workers are not necessarily related to their knowledge but rather affected mostly by the hard working hours and busy atmosphere which makes recycling more challenging. The study opens doors for further studies to investigate factors influencing recycling attitudes, and encouraging hospitals in developing countries to commence recycling practice and provide whatever infrastructure is needed to make this possible. More education and training on hospital waste management should be encouraged in developing countries. Introducing new technologies in hospital waste management, particularly recycling of hospital house hold waste may change the future prospective of hospital waste disposal in developed and developing countries. More studies intervening with educating the hospital workers in waste management, particularly in recycling of hospital waste and it's relatively safety should be encouraged. Key words: Healthcare waste, hospital household recycling, knowledge, attitudes, hospitals, healthcare workers, waste management.
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Hallberg, Anna, and Emma Östlund. "Avfallshantering i Stockholms skärgård : En studie i Värmdö kommun." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284246.
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Syftet med den här studien är att utvärdera det befintliga avfallssystemet på de kärnöar som benämns i den Regionala Utvecklingsplanen för Stockholmsregion (RUFS 2050) tillhörande Värmdö kommun, en skärgårdskommun öster om Stockholm. Ett hållbarhetsperspektiv ligger till grund för kartläggningen av området och innefattar aspekter som social, ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet vilket genomsyrar hela rapporten. Avfallstyperna som har studerats är rest-, och matavfall samt förpackningar och returpapper som behandlas genom materialåtervinning. Rapporten är baserad på en litteraturstudie kompletterad med intervjuer för att skapa en mer nyanserad bild av systemet. Även om det idag finns etablerade system för hantering av restavfall saknas ett system för matavfall och materialåtervinning som täcker hela Värmdö kommun. Detta resulterar i en ökad mängd restavfall vilket leder till bristfälliga arbetsförhållanden. Andra svårigheter med avfallshanteringen i skärgården är de långa transportsträckorna över havet som är tidskrävande, kostsamma och har en negativ miljöpåverkan. På grund av de olika förutsättningar bland skärgårdsöarna krävs det ett flexibelt och välanpassat system vilket leder till en hög servicenivå. Trots att många av de boende i skärgården upplever systemet som välfungerande tydliggör denna studie att det krävs åtgärder som förbättrar arbetsmiljön och minskar systemets miljöpåverkan. Utöver att etablera nya system för insamling av matavfall, förpackningar och returpapper krävs åtgärder som gynnar återanvändning samt minimerar mängden producerat avfall för att i linje med EU- direktiv skapa ett hållbart avfallssystem i Värmdö kommuns skärgård.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the existing waste management system on the main islands of Värmdö municipality, which is a part of the Stockholm archipelago, as described in the regional development plan for the greater region of Stockholm (RUFS 2050). Throughout the report, this evaluation will be made from a sustainability perspective including social, economic and ecological aspects. The types of waste that are subject to review are general waste, food waste and recyclables such as products made from plastic, paper, glass and metal as well as newspapers and magazines. The report is based on a literature review that is complemented by interviews, providing a nuanced image of the complete system. Currently established systems for managing general waste in the archipelago exists but as the system for food waste and recycling does not include this region, they require future development in order to extend to the entire municipality. As a result, much of the food and recyclable waste ends up in the general waste, leading to inadequate working conditions within that system. Moreover, transportation between the islands and the mainland is costly, time consuming and has a negative environmental impact. As such, the waste management system must be flexible and adaptable to the varying conditions of the islands in order to deliver a high level of service. This study shows that there is a need to improve working conditions and reduce the negative environmental impact of the municipality’s waste management system. Besides implementing new systems for managing food and recyclable waste, action must be taken to promote reuse and minimize the amount of waste produced. This would ensure alignment with EU directives as well as make the whole system more sustainable.
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Shaikh, Moiz Ahmed. "Using GIS in Solid Waste Management Planning : A case study for Aurangabad, India." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6470.
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Waste management is a global environmental issue which concerns about a very significant problem in today’s world. There is a considerable amount of disposal of waste without proper segregation which has lead to both economic and environment sufferings. It is still practiced in many cities. There is a tremendous amount of loss in terms of environmental degradation, health hazards and economic descend due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate the waste at the initial stages where it is generated, rather than going for a later option which is inconvenient and expensive. There has to be appropriate planning for proper waste management by means of analysis of the waste situation of the area.
This paper would deal with, how Geographical Information System can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management. A model is designed for the case study area in an Indian city for the purpose of planning waste management. The suggestions for amendments in the system through GIS based model would reduce the waste management workload to some extent and exhibit remedies for some of the SWM problems in the case study area. The waste management issues are considered to solve some of the present situation problems like proper allocation and relocation of waste bins, check for unsuitability and proximity convenience due to waste bin to the users, proposal of recyclable waste bins for the required areas and future suggestions. The model will be implemented on the Aurangabad city’s case study area data for the analysis and the results will suggest some modification in the existing system which is expected to reduce the waste management workload to a certain extent.
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Rizzoli, Nicolò. "Appropriate Technology in a Zambian Community: an Approach for a Sustainable Waste Management System." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15635/.
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Il presente elaborato ha come aspetto centrale quello delle tecnologie appropriate nell’ambito della gestione de rifiuti, senza dimenticare i temi della sostenibilità e dello sviluppo sostenibile, strettamente legati per natura al paradigma delle tecnologie appropriate. Ai fondamenti teorici è affiancato un lavoro sul campo della durata di 3 mesi e svolto in una comunità situata nella periferia a Ovest della città di Lusaka, in Zambia. In particolare, l’elaborato è strutturato come segue.
Il primo capitolo è prettamente teorico e ha l’intento di sviluppare i temi alla base dell’elaborato, i quali, a causa della loro importanza ai fini di una buona riuscita del lavoro sul campo successivamente svolto, trovano spazio anche nel titolo della tesi. Essi sono: tecnologie appropriate, sostenibilità e gestione dei rifiuti. Affinchè vengano spiegati in maniera efficace, essi sono analizzati sia in linea generica, sia applicati al campo dei paesi in via di sviluppo.
All’interno del secondo capitolo si entrerà più nel dettaglio del tema della gestione dei rifiuti e nel quale si andrà più strettamente a contatto con la realtà zambiana, ossia quella indagata.
Con il terzo capitolo, si apre la parte operativa dell’elaborato: dapprima viene data una panoramica sia storica che geografica della comunità di Koinonia. In seguito si passa all’analisi e alle possibilità di ottimizzazione del sistema di gestione dei rifiuti. Vengono approfondite le opportunità ritenute più interessanti per ogni categoria di rifiuti che ci si è preposti di differenziare, e cioè rifiuti generici, plastica e rifiuti organici.
Nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo ci si concentra, facendo riferimento alla situazione di povertà in cui allo stato attuale versa più di un miliardo di persone sulla faccia del pianeta, sulla mancanza di accesso, per molti di questi, alle forme più moderne di energia.
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Cheng, Steven KwokYam. "Development of a fuzzy multi-criteria decision support system for municipal solid waste management." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60219.pdf.
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Hakaml, Bader A. "Evaluation of the household waste management system in the East of England, England, UK." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520437.
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Many countries around the world are currently trying to find new solutions to the growing problems related to household waste management. Landfilling is no longer being accepted as a sustainable method for waste disposal. Instead, the view has shifted to consider waste as a resource rather than rubbish. Simultaneously, all the environmental concerns related to landfilling have meant that an immediate response to the growing waste crisis needs to be urgently considered. In Europe, the EU has responded by launching a set of Directives which aim to limit the adverse impacts of land filling and increase diversion rates through recycling and responsible treatment of waste. These directives bound all EU countries and threaten significant fines against those which do not comply with the regulations. Performance wise, the UK is behind most of its other fellow EU countries, sending more than 75% of its municipal waste to landfill. As part of the UK, England is also burying most of its waste in landfill despite the concern over the availability of sufficient space for landfill in the future. Current statistics suggests that England's performance has improved since the implementation ofthe Waste Strategy for England and Wales in 2000. However, there continue to be growing fears that it might fail to achieve the 2013 and 2020 Landfill Directive targets. This study sought to evaluate the current household waste management system in the East of England which is one of the nine English regions. The evaluation aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system prior to recommending ways for further improvements. Three methods were applied in the evaluation; a statistical analysis, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with waste managers from local authorities and private waste contractors and a SWOT analysis. The outcomes indicated that several problems existed with the current household waste management system in the region. Some require immediate attention and need to be addressed before the system can be enhanced and future targets achieved. The study was also able to offer suggestions for alternative strategies which can be applied to improve the current system. Furthermore, suggestions made in this research can potentially be considered to improve the system in other regions provided that they share similar waste management, demographic and socio-economic characteristics with the East of England.
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Huen, Clay. "Would adopting the ISO 14000 make Hong Kong's solid waste management system more sustainable?" Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945528.
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Airi, A. (Anusha). "Circular economy and closing nutrient cycles:planning sustainable bio-waste management system for Puolanka municipality." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201902061151.
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Abstract. The government of Finland has set five-year National waste plan (2018–2023) with the theme “From recycling to circular economy” and the plan aims to sustainable waste management and waste prevention. Adapting circular economy shall bring three positives: economic growth, social development and lower environmental impact, when progressing towards sustainable development.
The theory part defines and details the terms circular economy and how it is better than linear system; industrial ecology; cradle to cradle; low-carbon economy; nutrient cycle and the significance on closing the cycle; then defining fertiliser and the types of fertilisers and why to choose natural fertilizers over chemical fertilizers? Also, there is a mention of relevant EU regulations and directives for maintaining the quality and providing best living environment for all. Lastly the technologies that are used for managing the municipal bio-waste and the comparative advantages of anaerobic digestion (AD) over composting on the basis of sustainability are defined.
In the experimental part, the current situation of separately collected bio-waste in Puolanka municipality in Kainuu (Status quo: transported to Kajaani for composting in Majasaari waste center) was compared with the other possible scenarios:
— Scenario I: If separately collected bio-waste were transported to Oulu to be treated in existing biogas plant
— Scenario II: If separately collected bio-waste were treated in Puolanka locally in new biogas plant
The aim was to recommend best suitable management-option for long-term sustainability of source separated bio-waste in Puolanka municipality based on closing the nutrient cycle and boosting circular economy.
The data were collected and appropriate calculations for sizing and feasibility studies were made. The Sustainability Assessment tests were performed using RECENT project’s sustainability assessment templates based on calculations and collected information. It was observed from sustainability outcomes that Status quo would be the least preferred option even though it was economical than Scenario I because the use of composting technology caused greenhouse gas emissions and didn’t have long-term socio-economic benefits. Also, Scenario II had an advantage over Scenario I for an impact on environment and community since creating an own anaerobic digester provides community a privilege of clean renewable energy (biogas) and its energy output was possible to replace our dependency on fossil fuel consumption. It was found that Scenario II is totally attainable, with only 3,22 years of payback period. The calculative biogas energy output for a year with 165,478 t of bio-waste/year was 144,8 MWh that would be enough to replace the annual fuel demand of 10,9 petrol-based cars and 15,4 diesel-based cars. The value of annual digestate (sanitized co-product of biogas process) sales was 1 556,3 €; annual district heating revenue was 13 694 €; and reduction of 40,37 t of CO₂e per year.
The economic boost with reduction of gate fee and transportation charges and increase in job or business opportunities at Puolanka itself makes it more evident that Scenario II, the proposed AD plant in Puolanka is the best solution for the source separated bio-waste management for closing nutrient cycle as well as in achieving circular economy through circulation of the waste as an input to convert into energy in maintaining long term benefits.
Thus, this thesis is an intensive consolidation of theory and experiment to understand that circulation of resources boosts circular economy and closing the nutrient cycle in biosphere is important. The future recommendations would be a detailed study on the feasibility (in terms of investments) for Scenario II (maximum use of local bio-refineries). Also, co-digestion (adding two or more substrates) as feed-inputs would boost in the production of biogas contributing to high clean renewable energy output.Tiivistelmä. Suomen hallitus on tehnyt viiden vuoden (2018–2023) jätesuunnitelman ”Kierrätyksestä kiertotalouteen”, jonka tavoitteena on kestävä jätehuolto ja jätteiden synnyn ehkäiseminen. Kiertotalouden omaksuminen tuo mukanaan kolme positiivista asiaa: talouskasvun, sosiaalisen kehityksen ja ympäristövaikutusten pienenemisen, edeten samalla kohti kestävää kehitystä.
Teoreettinen osa määrittelee ja täsmentää kiertotalouden termejä ja kuvaa sitä, miten kiertotalous on parempi kuin lineaarinen järjestelmä; kuvaa, mitä ovat teollinen ekologia, vähähiilinen talous, ravinnekierto ja ravinteiden kierron sulkemisen tärkeys, tarkastelee erilaisia lannoitetyyppejä ja syitä miksi valita luonnonlannoitteet keinolannoitteiden sijaan. Myös asiankuuluvat EU:n säännökset ja direktiivit laadun ylläpitämiseksi ja hyvän elinympäristön turvaamiseksi kerrotaan. Lopuksi selvitetään biojätteiden käsittelyyn käytetyt tekniikat ja anaerobisen mädätyksen edut kompostointiin verrattuna kestävyyden kannalta tarkasteltuna.
Kokeellisessa osassa Kainuussa sijaitsevan Puolangan kunnan nykyistä erilliskerätyn biojätteen käsittelyä (kuljetus ja kompostointi Kajaanin Majasaaren jätekeskuksessa) verrattiin muihin mahdollisiin skenaarioihin:
— Skenaario I: Erilliskerätyt biojätteet kuljetetaan Ouluun käsiteltäväksi nykyisessä biokaasulaitoksessa
— Skenaario II: Erilliskerätyt biojätteet käsitellään Puolangassa paikallisesti uudessa biokaasulaitoksessa
Tavoitteena oli suositella parasta ja sopivinta vaihtoehtoa näiden kolmen vaihtoehdon väliltä yleisen kestävyyden kannalta tarkasteltuna sekä ravinnekierron sulkemisen ja kiertotalouden edistämiseksi.
Tiedot kerättiin ja tehtiin asianmukaiset laskelmat biokaasureaktorin mitoittamiseen ja biokaasulaitoksen taloudelliseen kannattavuuteen liittyen. Kestävyysarviointi suoritettiin käyttäen RECENT-projektin kestävyydenarviointitemplaatteja tehtyihin laskelmiin ja kerättyyn tietoon perustuen. Kestävyysarvioinnin tulosten perusteella todettiin, että nykytilanne olisi vähiten suositeltava vaihtoehto, vaikka se olisi ollut skenaarioon I verrattuna taloudellisempaa, koska kompostointiteknologian käyttö aiheutti päästöjä eikä sillä ollut pitkäaikaisia sosioekonomisia hyötyjä. Skenaariossa II oli myös etu skenaarioon I verrattuna, sillä skenaario II vaikutti ympäristöön ja yhteisöön, koska oman biokaasulaitoksen hankkiminen tarjoaa yhteisölle etuoikeuden puhtaaseen uusiutuvaan energiaan (biokaasu) ja sen energiantuotannolla olisi mahdollista vähentää riippuvuutta fossiilisista polttoaineista. Todettiin, että skenaario II on täysin saavutettavissa, ja sen takaisinmaksuaika on vain 3,22 vuotta. Biokaasun laskennallinen energiantuotanto 165,478 tonnille biojätettä vuodessa vuodessa oli 144,8 MWh, joka riittää korvaamaan 10,9 bensiiniauton ja 15,4 dieselauton vuosittaisen polttoaineenkulutuksen. Biokaasuprosessista saatavan mädätteen vuosittainen arvo oli 1 556,3 €; vuosittainen kaukolämmön tuoton arvo 13 694 euroa; ja hiilidioksidipäästöjen väheneminen 40,37 t CO₂e vuodessa.
Puolangan saamat taloudelliset edut porttimaksujen ja kuljetuskustannusten alenemisen sekä työpaikkojen tai liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien lisääntymisen myötä lisää selvyyttä siitä, että Skenaario II, Puolangan uusi biokaasulaitos, on paras vaihtoehto jätteenkäsittelylle Puolangan kunnassa ravinnekierron sulkemiseksi ja kiertotalouden aikaansaamiseksi jätteiden kierrätyksen kautta jätteen ollessa syötteenä energiantuotannossa pitkän aikavälin hyötyjen ylläpitämiseksi.
Tämä diplomityö on intensiivinen teorian ja käytännön yhdistely sen ymmärtämiseksi, että resurssien kierrättäminen vahvistaa kiertotaloutta ja ravinnekierron sulkeminen biosfäärissä on tärkeää. Suosituksia jatkotutkimuksille ovat yksityiskohtainen selvitys (investointien osalta) skenaarion II toteutettavuudesta (paikallisten biojalostamojen mahdollisimman suuri käyttö). Myös yhteismädätys (kaksi tai useampi syötettä samalla laitoksella) lisäisi biokaasun tuotantoa, mikä puolestaan lisäisi puhtaan uusiutuvan energian tuotantoa.