Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hospitality Information Systems'

The Online Hotel Booking System was developed to allow customers to use a web browser to book a hotel, change the booking details, cancel the booking, change the personal profile, view the booking history, or view the hotel information through a GUI (graphical user interface). The system is implemented in PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) and HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language).

There is limited empirical research on the application of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) in staff retention and management. This study aims to examine and analyse the impact of quality human resource information systems (e.g. recruitment information, personnel information, and audit of training sessions) on staff turnover factors at the recruitment and selection stage (e.g. remuneration, human resource planning, quality of training programmes, and lack of promotion opportunities), and consequently the impact of HIRS in managing staff retention. This research is conducted in the context of the hospitality sector. The research aim is achieved through satisfying the objectives and the development of a relevant and a novel framework. A conceptual framework is developed to address the use of HRIS with regard to the recruitment and selection process and in aiding managers in staff retention within the context of the hospitality sector. The framework consists of three phases: recruitment and selection process including human resource management (HRM) and information technology systems (ITS) in the recruitment and selection stage; human resource information systems (HRIS) application areas; and staff turnover factors (external and internal). This framework developed by using two theories, the institutional theory and job characteristics theory, as the theoretical underpinning of this study. A single case study with multiple subcases strategy is employed to evaluate, extend and theorise the effect of HRIS on staff retention. The data for this research is collected by using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data are collected from four branches of the UK based hospitality organisation. 27 employees completed in-depth narrative interviews (13 managers and 14 non-managers), which the results were used to confirm and validate the developed framework. The findings are triangulated by the adoption of a series of techniques, including focus group discussion, and document analysis. This study has made use the qualitative analysis computer software NVivo V.10.This research study contributes to the literature of both HRM and IT/IS by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework that considers the relationship between staff retention and HRIS functions at the recruitment and selection stage. The research findings support and showed that, not all the factors affected staff turnover can be monitored by HRIS, and some staff turnover factors may require other strategies with respect to monitoring. The framework will benefit scholars and managers in understanding the impact of a quality HRIS on staff retention, and extends the knowledge in this regard. The framework is extended for usage by different hospitality organisations with similar business nature to the one understudy. Also, the findings show that relevant retention strategies could be applicable during the entire employment period, e.g. before, during and after recruitment. These strategies enable the organisation to be stable and improve managing retention at the very beginning period of employment and avoid the costs of staff turnover. The empirical findings also advance our understanding of the various HRM activities that are linked to retention at the recruitment and selection stage. More importantly, the research findings identify the immediate activities after recruitment which is linked to improving retention. The study aims at providing a valid framework that integrates both HRM, ITS, and identifies the role of HRIS with regard to improving retention, by identifying staff turnover factors and put in place retention strategies to deal with them, for new jobs’ applications at the recruitment and selection stage. The originality of this study is that provide fresh insights on the subjective of retention in the hospitality sector in the UK. This research complements and advances the current literature on having a quality IT/IS which provides vital information to help managers to make the right decisions on retention of members of staff. In addition, this research could prove beneficial to practitioner’s (managers) who involve in the decision making in the recruitment process, thus better retention in the hospitality sector.

This is a descriptive study that poses the questions and discussion regarding use of personality tests in prediction of future job performance of the current undergraduate hospitality students. A gap exists between the perception of the skills and competencies of high performers and the perception of hospitality students (Berezina et al., 2011; Malan, Berezina & Cobanoglu, 2012). The purpose of this study is to investigate if personality tests will help in predicting the success of students in their preferred job setting as compared to current high performers (managers). The use of personality tests increased substantially after 1988, when the government banned the use of polygraphs (Employee Polygraph Protection Act, 1988 as cited in Stabile, 2002). Although there is no right or wrong answer to personality test questions, the answers would allow employers to have a better idea if there is a sufficient fit between the applicant and the position sought. To compare the personality types of successful hotel managers and hospitality students to determine if there is a need to customize the hospitality curriculum in order to produce graduates who will fit to the correct type of positions, a convenient sample was drawn from a hotel management company's managers and hospitality students of a university in the Southeast USA. The sample for this study was 175 Managers and 150 Students. With the 144/175 (82% response rate) manager and 76/150 (51% response rate) students the main findings show there is a significantly difference between managers and students. This indicates that current hospitality students and current managers have different perceptions about hospitality industry. Since current students will work on the industry in the future, the difference needs to be eliminated by both curricular and extra-curricular activities. There are also significant differences among managerial positions' (general manager, assistant general manager, and director of sales) LDP scores. This could indicate that it might not be a good fit to promote these individuals from one position to other within the company since each position differs from each other.

Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in hospitality and accommodation have taken an enormous percentage of service-provision, helping automate most of the processes involved such as booking and purchasing, improving the guest experience, tracking of guest preferences and interests, etc. The aim of the study is to understand the roles, benefits and issues with the improvement of business intelligence (BI) in hospitality. This research is purposed to discover the applications of BI in hotel booking and accommodation. The investigation focuses on hotel guest experience, business operations and guest satisfaction. The research also shows how acquiring proper BI is supported by implementing a dynamic technology framework integrated with AI and a big data resource. In such a system, the intensive collection of customer data combined with an improved technology standard is achievable using AI. The research employs a qualitative approach for data discovery and collection. A thematic analysis helps generate proper findings that indicate an improvement in the entire hospitality service delivery system as well as customer satisfaction. In this thesis, there are examined various subsets of BI in tourism. The assessment analyzes competition arising from the application of these technologies. The study also shows the importance and application of harnessing data to gather insights about guest interests and preferences through the establishment of well-developed BI. Insights enable the customization of hotel services and products for individual guests. There is a considerable improvement in guest services and guest information collection, which is achieved through the creation of guest profiles. The research performs a discussion on the incorporation of AI and big data among other sub-components in creating diversified BI and seeks to identify the need for current BI applications in the hotel industry.

The role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a facilitator and enabler for development and poverty reduction has been increasingly recognised by many international organisations. ICTs need to be diffused in society to have their effects realised. The diffusion of ICTs in developing countries is lagging behind the developed countries creating the digital divide. Although the divide is reducing in many sub-Saharan countries, in Ethiopia it is increasing. The purpose of this study is to find the factors that affect the adoption and nonadoption of ICTs in small and micro businesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A number of sectors were explored and the hotel and tour operator sector was found to have both adopters and non-adopters. The hotel and tour operator business in Addis Ababa was selected to be the study population. The main research question was to find the connection between the political, economic, and social factors and the adoption and use of ICT in this sector. While cultural, social-economic, political and legal factors affect the adoption of innovation in both developed and developing countries, these factors are more pronounced in the developing countries. Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory is a good initial theoretical candidate for understanding the ICT diffusion factors. However, to include the national level factors, a theoretical framework was proposed based on Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory. An exploratory research method was used to shed light on the adoption and non-adoption factors. It uses mixed methods research methodology in two phases to collect data from owners/managers. In the first phase in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 hoteliers who adopted ICT in their businesses. In the second phase survey questionnaires were used to collect data from 128 hoteliers and 57 tour operators. In this phase both adopters and non-adopters of ICT were included. Data were analysed using NVivo and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software packages. This study argues that the telecommunications monopoly, the non-affordability of ICT products and services, the general economic situation, lack of knowledge and awareness of the technology, and lack of legal protection for small hotels affect the adoption negatively. On the other hand, network externalities, competition among hoteliers, and major customers (foreign) act as a facilitator agent and have a positive impact on the adoption of ICT. The researcher argues that the political, social, economic, technological and legal policies are the sources of the adoption and non-adoption factors of ICTs in the hotel and tour operator business.

Regardless all the advantages of MPs, it has not reach the sizable customer base. In this paper, we examined the core drivers of using mobile payments (MPs) in restaurant industry from the consumers' perspective. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), we developed a six factor model to reveal the determinants of consumers' intention to use MPs in restaurant. Security, subjective norm, compatibility with lifestyle, and previous experience with MPs were added to the traditional two factor TAM model (usefulness and ease of use). 300 respondents were recruited from an online survey agency and 258 valid responses were included in the data analysis. The regression results suggested that consumers' intention to use MPs in restaurants is influences by compatibility with lifestyle, usefulness, subjective norm, security, and previous experience in MPs. Lifestyle compatibility was found as the strongest determinant of consumers' acceptance of MPs in restaurants. However, ease of use was not a significant predictor of MPs usage in restaurant. Based on the findings, the study provided several implications to the restaurant industry. Five factors (compatibility with lifestyle, usefulness, subjective norm, security, and previous experience in MPs) can serve as a guideline to encourage consumers' adoption of MPs in restaurant industry. Industry practitioners can develop advertisement catered to a trendy, innovative, tech-friendly generation who desires the flexibility that MPs give and is willing to have everything in one device. MPs should be developed to provide an added value to the user. It is also important to increase the source credibility of social information to improve communication campaigns. Finally, restaurant staff could be trained in guiding and assisting consumers in their first experience with MPs.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This Extended Research Assignment discusses the information systems found in HBR Personnel. The discussion, based on the research problems, proposes steps in which the systems of HBR can be integrated so that they add the most value. Furthermore, a review of Corporate Portals is undertaken to show the potential impact it may have on organisational efficiencies and knowledge. The Assignment, according to the methodologies given, analyses the HBR information system for system incompatibilities and bottlenecks and proposes solutions for these problems. The solutions include changing core system databases and computer systems, together with a portal to fully integrate HBR Personnel’s information systems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie Uitgebreide Navorsingsopdrag bespreek die informasiestelsels gevind in HBR Personnel. Die bespreking, gebaseer op die navorsingsprobleme, stel stappe voor waardeur die stelsels van HBR geïntegreer kan word om die meeste waarde toe te voeg. Verder word ‘n oorsig gedoen van Korporatiewe Portale om te wys watter potensiële impak dit kan hê op organisatoriese doeltreffendheid en kennis. Na aanleiding van die gegewe metodologieë analiseer die opdrag HBR se informasiestelsel vir sistemiese probleme en bottelnekke en stel oplossings voor vir hierdie probleme. Die oplossings sluit in ‘n verandering van kern-sisteem databasisse en rekenaarstelsels, tesame met ‘n portaal om HBR Personnel se informasiestelsels ten volle te integreer.

Recommender systems refer to algorithms widely used in industry to determine the preferred product to propose to a customer, given some information about the customer and the context of the purchase. In this thesis, such an approach is applied to predict the desirability of hotels given information about an air travel booking. Specifically, we present a novel recommender system which optimizes the booking conversion based on a list of hotels chosen from a larger set. The proposed solution uses information such as details about the associated flight booking, characteristics of each hotel and the attributes of the list of hotels proposed. The main contribution of this thesis concerns the Hotel List Builder (HLB) which is the component of the recommender system that generates the new recommendations of hotels. This component relies on a two-stage machine learning model and the feature importance analysis of the hotel bookings. The expected conversion rate is improved from 0.049% to 0.186% on average due to the new recommendation system. This method also results in a significant improvement in the processing time when the HLB is applied with respect to a brute force solution to build an optimal list of hotel recommendations (up to 20 times faster).
Rekommendationssystem refererar till algoritmer som används i stor utsträckning inom industrin. Detta för att besluta den föredragna produkten som skall visas till en kund, med information om kunden och innehållet av köpet. I denna avhandling tillämpas ett tillvägagångssätt för att förutsäga önskemål om hotell med information om en flygreservation. Vi presenterar ett specifikt rekommendationssysten som optimerar bokningskonverteringen baserad på en lista över hotell. Dessa hotel är valda från en större upppsättning. Den föreslagna lösningen använder information såsom detaljer om tillhörande flygbokningar, egenskaper hos varje hotell och attributen i listan över föreslagda hotell. Huvudbidraget av denna avhandling handlar om Hotel List Builder (HLB). Denna är komponenten i rekomendationssystemet, vilket genererar de nya rekommendationerna av hotell. Denna komponent förlitar sig på en två-stegs maskininlärningsmodell och har viktiga analyser om hotellbokningar. Tack vare det nya rekommendationssystemet, förbättras den förväntade omvandlingskonverteringen från 0,049% till 0,186 i genomsnitt. Denna metod resulterar också i en betydande förbättring av behandlingstiden när HLB appliceras med respekt för en låg tvångslösning. Detta för att skapa en optimal lista av hotell rekommendationer (up till 20 gånger snabbare).

This thesis includes a review of how the information technology is used at present in the hotels, as well as the functionality expected from the hotels information systems. We compare these systems characteristics with other information systems used in other sectors, especially with the ERP. A theoretical model is constructed and validated through an empirical study in which structural equations, SEM, are used employing Spanish hotels as study population. This model depicts the effects of the characteristics, use and satisfaction of the information system on the hotel efficiency and service. Some of the conclusions are what the benefits of the use of the information technologies in the hotels are and the factors that should be borne in mind in their adoption. Finally the analysis result of the model provides an overview of this systems impact on the hotels.
En la presente tesis se hace una revisión de las tecnologías de la información usadas actualmente en los hoteles, así como que funcionalidad se espera de los sistemas de gestión hotelera. Se compara las características de estos sistemas con sistemas de información usados en otros sectores, especialmente con los ERP. Se construye y valida un modelo teórico mediante un estudio empírico en el que se usan los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, SEM, usando como población de estudio los hoteles españoles. Este modelo recoge los efectos de las características, uso y satisfacción del sistema de información en el funcionamiento y el servicio del hotel. Como conclusiones se destacan los beneficios del uso de las tecnologías de la información en los hoteles y que se debe tener en cuenta en su adopción, así como el resultado del análisis del modelo que da una visión del impacto de estos sistemas en los hoteles.

As competition has changed and made the environment more dynamic and complex for the hospitality and tourism industry, the concept of strategic management has become more important. However, under the force driving change of technology innovation, information has gone digital and electronic for business development and management. Adopting information technology (IT) for strategic management becomes an important issue for an organization. The co-alignment model is believed to be one of the effective models for the purposes of strategic management in the field of hospitality and tourism. The primary objective of this study was to investigate important considerations for the design of an information system (IS) to improve the utility of the model. Once the important considerations are taken into account for constructing the system, such an IS is expected to facilitate the information flows associated with the co-alignment model and further work in concert with the model to strengthen the processes of strategy formulation and implementation. Together, the co-alignment model and the IS can be viewed as a Coordination Strategy Framework which also has theoretical underpinning from the review of the literature of strategy, hospitality and tourism, management information system (MIS), computer science (CS), and information science. Because this research topic or its similar kind has not been studied in the field of hospitality and tourism, this study is exploratory in nature. A qualitative research approach adopting a single-case study method was used. Using the co-alignment model as one of its theoretical supports along with other techniques to collect and test the interview data, the study achieved reliability and validity of the research findings. As a major part of the conclusions of this study, the findings are the important considerations for the design of the future IS. They included the seven key issues in five dimensions, eleven recommendations, and ten propositions that explained the relationships among the managerial aspects implicated in the framework implementation, especially the interactions between the future IS and the co-alignment model. Furthermore, as the framework is an integration of a strategy model and an IT application, it also gives a new perspective to the term "strategic IT" that denotes the strategic use of IT.
Ph. D.

La mise en place de systèmes d’information hospitaliers centrés sur les processus de soins est porteuse de qualité des soins, de gestion éclairée des ressources et de productivité. C’est une nécessité qui s’impose à tous les pays quelque soit leur niveau de développement. Une question se pose toutefois : Étant données les différences de contextes financiers, technologiques et humains, faut-il, en Afrique, conduire une stratégie différenciée pour atteindre cet objectif partagé? Le but de notre travail était de mettre en place un modèle adapté au contexte culturel et économique des pays en développement. Notre méthodologie a été basée sur l’adaptation et l’implémentation d’un Open Source. Ces travaux ont permis la réalisation et la validation d’un modèle au Mali que nous avons baptisé Cinz@n. Il a été implémenté et testé à l’hôpital mère enfant de Bamako. Au delà de l’implémentation logicielle, l’accompagnement du changement et la formation, des personnes a été l’objet d’une attention particulière. Les résultats de l’évaluation de la couverture fonctionnelle, de l’ergonomique du système et de satisfaction des utilisateurs sont satisfaisants. 84% des utilisateurs pensent que le système a permis d’améliorer la qualité du travail, 100% des utilisateurs se sont dit prêts à continuer l’expérience. Cette même proportion a recommandé l’extension du système à tous les services de l’hôpital. L’analyse qualitative de la base des données a démontré un suivi rigoureux des consignes d’identification. Nous pouvons conclure que Cinz@n, ayant coûté que près de dix milles euros d’investissement et largement accepté par les utilisateurs peut servir de modèle pour l’Afrique Francophone
The implementation of hospital information systems focused on care processes has been shown to improve the quality of care, the management of resources, and the productivity. These benefits are necessary in all countries, regardless of their level of development. However, a question does arise: “Given the differences in financial, technological and human contexts, should we, in Africa, undertake a differentiated strategy to achieve these shared goals?”. The aim of our study was to develop a model adapted to the cultural and economical contexts of developing countries. Our methodology was based on the adaptation and implementation of an Open Source software. This work led to the development and validation of a model in Mali named Cinz@n. It has been implemented and tested at the Mother-Child hospital in Bamako. Beyond the software implementation, change management and the training of stakeholders have been the subject of special attention. The results of the evaluation of the functional coverage, the ergonomics of the system and user satisfaction are satisfactory. 84% of users consider that the system has improved the quality of their work, and 100% of users are willing to continue the experiment, also recommending the extension of the system to all hospital departments. The qualitative analysis of the database showed strict usage of the patient identification procedures. We conclude that Cinz@n, with an investment cost of about ten thousand euros, and a wide acceptance by users can be a model for other implementations in French Speaking Africa

Avec l’essor des technologies de l’information et de la communication, la société et les organisations se transforment, serecomposent tous secteurs confondus. On appelle communément disruption, le changement de paradigme économique etorganisationnel lié aux TIC, plus précisément, à la digitalisation des processus.Les modes d’échanges entre les hommes ont évolué. Notre mémoire de master 2 (Numérique, recomposition organisationnelles et appropriation des TIC, Gravereaux, 2013) nous aura permis de comprendre que les véritables changements qui opèrent en organisation se situent au-delà des usages des espaces numériques de travail et des outils TIC.Notre thèse s’inscrit dans la continuité de ce travail préliminaire qui nous avait offert de questionner, de manière introductive, quelle pouvait être la portée de la dimension politique dans l’appropriation des technologies numériques.Cette thèse de doctorat a pour but de saisir, d’identifier, d’analyser et de conceptualiser, tant sur le plan théorique que pratique, le processus de transition organisationnelle qui opère dans les établissements de santé traversés par l’informatisation du dossier de soin et par la maturation des Systèmes d’Information Hospitalier. Après avoir compris qu’il fallait dépasser les usages pour comprendre l’appropriation des TIC, nous orienterons nos réflexions et enquêtes de façon à confronter ce point de vue et à lui donner une portée opérationnelle.Les phénomènes communicationnels liés aux changements et aux transformations en organisations constituent un élément central de ces recompositions. Le chercheur doit enquêter pour questionner et saisir ces phénomènes à l’aune de la compréhension particulière d’un établissement de santé.Le regard communicationnel porté sur un espace, un vécu, en transition, tentera de mettre à jour les conditions qui participent de l’appropriation des nouveaux outils liés à la traçabilité des soins : la forme informatisée du dossier patient.Notre thèse de doctorat se propose d’apporter une contribution à des problématiques de recherches actuelles en questionnant l’individu au travail au regard des questions politico-organisationnelles liées à l’appropriation du dossier patient informatisé.Ces acteurs que nous sommes venus « étudié », soignants, médecins, personnels administratif, sont au coeur, vivent, en même temps que l’organisation, ce phénomène de disruption qui affecte l’intégralité du dispositif organisationnel.À partir d’une rupture disruptive, de nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail, liées aux changements de pratiques del’information médicale, apparaissent, émerge des dissonances. De la même façon, pour accompagner cette organisation émergente, les formes et normes de management en santé, sont amenées à se recomposer et donc à se spécialiser.Nous assistons à une recomposition globale de la Santé, dont les composantes du dispositif tendent à faire de la contribution, de la collaboration, de l’autonomie et de la traduction, les nouveaux fondamentaux du management en organisations de santé accompagnant la métamorphose digitale des routines des acteurs
With the growth of information and communication technologies, society and organizations are transforming, recomposing all sectors combined. The common paradigm shift is to change the economic and organizational paradigm linked to ICT, more precisely, to the digitalization of processes.The modes of exchange between men have evolved. Our Master 2 thesis (Digital, Organizational Reorganization andAppropriation of ICTs, Gravereaux, 2013) allowed us to understand that the real changes that operate in organization arebeyond the use of digital workspaces and ICT tools.Our thesis is part of the continuation of this preliminary work which offered us to question, in an introductory way, what could be the scope of the political dimension in the appropriation of digital technologies.This doctoral thesis aims at capturing, identifying, analyzing and conceptualizing, both theoretically and practically, the process of organizational transition that operates in the healthcare institutions through which the computerization of the care file And by the maturation of Hospital Information Systems. Having understood that we need to go beyond the uses to understand ICT appropriation, we will orient our reflections and investigations in order to confront this point of view and to give it an operational scope.The communicationa phenomena linked to changes and transformations in organizations are a central element of theserecompositions. The researcher must investigate and question these phenomena in terms of the particular understanding of a healthcare institution.The communicative look at a space, a experience, in transition, will try to update the conditions that participate in the appropriation of the new tools related to the traceability of care: the computerized form of the patient record.Our doctoral thesis proposes to make a contribution to current research questions by questioning the individual at work withregard to the politico-organizational issues related to the appropriation of the computerized patient record.These actors, who have come to be "studied", caregivers, doctors and administrative staff, are at the heart of this phenomenon of disruption, which affects the entire organizational system, at the same time as the organization.From a disruptive rupture, new forms of work organization, linked to changes in the practices of medical information, emerge, emerging from dissonances. In the same way, to support this emerging organization, the forms and standards of health management, are led to recompose and therefore to specialize.We are witnessing a global recomposition of health, whose components of the system tend to make contribution, collaboration, autonomy and translation, new fundamentals of management in health organizations accompanying the digital metamorphosis of routines actors

Introduction : L’amélioration de la pertinence des soins est une priorité nationale. À l’hôpital, elle peut s’appuyer sur la mesure d’indicateurs. L’objectif était de : (i) définir le cadre méthodologique et les enjeux liés au développement, à la validation et à la diffusion d’indicateurs ; (ii) construire une démarche de développement, validation et diffusion d’indicateurs de pertinence des prescriptions d’anticoagulants oraux (ACO) automatisés. Méthodes : La définition du cadre méthodologique et des enjeux a été réalisée à partir de synthèses de la littérature et de travaux exploratoires. La démarche appliquée aux indicateurs d’ACO reposait sur : (i) une revue de littérature pour définir des indicateurs à partir de recommandations européennes ; (ii) un consensus d’experts pour sélectionner des indicateurs utiles et opérationnels ; (iii) le développement prospectif de techniques de recherche de l’information pour construire les indicateurs ; (iv) une étude transversale pour évaluer les performances métrologiques des indicateurs. Résultats : Le cadre méthodologique et les enjeux ont été définis. La démarche appliquée aux indicateurs d’ACO a permis : (i) la définition de 19 indicateurs ; (ii) la sélection de 16 indicateurs utiles et opérationnels ; (iii) le développement de techniques pour construire les indicateurs via un entrepôt de données ; (iv) la proposition de méthodes pour évaluer les performances métrologiques des indicateurs en comparaison à un test de référence. Conclusion : Ces travaux apportent des outils pour développer, valider et diffuser des indicateurs. Les indicateurs les plus performants pourront être utilisés par des établissements de santé européens
Introduction: Improvement of the appropriateness of care is a national priority. In hospitals, it can rely on the measurement of indicators. The objective was to: (i) define the methodological framework and challenges related to the development, validation and feedback of indicators; (ii) implement an approach for the development, validation and feedback of automated indicators of the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant (OA) prescriptions. Methods: Definition of the methodological framework and challenges has been performed through syntheses of literature data and exploratory works. The approach applied to indicators on OA prescriptions was based on: (i) a literature review to define indicators from European guidelines; (ii) a consensus of experts to select useful and operational indicators; (iii) the prospective development of data search techniques for retrieving information aimed at implementing indicators; (iv) a cross-sectional study to assess the ability of indicators to detect inappropriate OA prescriptions. Results: The methodological framework and challenges have been defined. The approach applied to indicators on OA prescriptions allowed: (i) defining 19 indicators; (ii) selecting 16 useful and operational indicators; (iii) developing techniques for implementing indicators from a data warehouse; (iv) developing methods for assessing the ability of tools to detect inappropriate OA prescriptions in comparison to a reference test. Conclusion: This work provides tools to develop, validate and convey indicators. The most performant indicators to detect inappropriate OA prescriptions may be used by European healthcare institutions

Dans cette thèse, nous traitons les systèmes d’information hospitaliers (SIH), nous analysons leurs problématiques de conception, d’interopérabilité et de communication, dans l’objectif de contribuer à la conception d’un SIH canonique, coopératif, et communicant, ainsi de modéliser les échanges entre ses composants et également avec les autres systèmes impliqués dans la prise en charge du patient dans un réseau de soin. Nous proposons une structure et un modèle de conception d’un SIH canonique en se basant sur trois concepts principaux responsables de la production de l’information médicale, à savoir, le cas pathologique, le Poste de Production de l’Information Médicale (PPIM) et l’activité médicale elle même. Cette dernière, étant modélisée sur la notion d’arbre, permettra une meilleure structuration du processus de soin.Autant, dans l’optique d'assurer la continuité de soins, nous fournissons un modèle d’échange de données médicales à base du standard XML. Ce modèle consiste en un ensemble de données pertinentes organisées autours de cinq catégories : les données du patient, les données sur les antécédents du patient, les données de l’activité médicale, les données des prescriptions médicales et les données sur les documents médicaux (images, compte rendu…).Enfin, nous décrivons une solution d’intégration des systèmes d’information hospitaliers. La solution est inspirée de l’ingénierie des systèmes d’information coopératifs et consiste en une architecture de médiation structurée en trois niveaux : le niveau système d’information, le niveau médiation, et le niveau utilisateur. L’architecture propose une organisation modulaire des systèmes d'information hospitaliers et contribue à satisfaire l’intégration des données, des fonctions et du workflow de l’information médicale
In this thesis, we deal with hospital information systems (HIS), we analyze their design issues, interoperability and communication, with the aim of contributing to the design of a canonical, cooperative, and communicative HIS, and model the exchanges between its components and also with other systems involved in the management of patient in a healthcare network.We propose a structure and a conceptual model of a canonical HIS based on three main concepts involved in the production of healthcare data, namely, the pathological case, the Production Post of Healthcare Data (PPHD) and medical activity itself. The latter, being modeled as a tree, will allow better structuring of the care process.However, in view of ensuring continuity of care, we provide an XML-based model for exchanging medical data. This model consists of a set of relevant data organized around five categories: patient data, data on patient history, data of medical activity, data of medical prescriptions and medical records data (images, reporting ...).Finally, we describe a solution for integrating hospital information systems. The solution is inspired by the engineering of cooperatives information systems and consists of mediation-based architecture, structured into three levels: the level of information systems, the level of mediation, and the user level. The architecture offers a modular organization of hospital information systems and helps to insure data, function and workflow integration

La question du remplacement des chirurgiens vasculaires pour les années à venir est préoccupante du fait d’un grand nombre de départs en retraite. Mais la question du seul remplacement des effectifs ne suffit pas pour une spécialité qui s’adresse principalement à des patients âgés dans le contexte actuel d’augmentation et de vieillissement de la population française.Dans le but de répondre aux besoins en chirurgie vasculaire dans les années futures, nous avons dans un premier temps réalisé un état des lieux de la démographie des praticiens de la spécialité et estimé la cinétique des départs en retraite des prochaines années.Pour pouvoir tenir compte de l’évolution de la future activité, nous avons établi un modèle prédictif de cette activité concernant les actes de chirurgie carotidienne, de chirurgie des anévrysmes de l’aorte abdominale sous-rénale et de chirurgie des artères sous-inguinales, d’après le seul vieillissement de la population. Ce modèle applique les méthodes de l’INSEE aux actes recueillis dans le Programme Médicalisé des Systèmes d’Information. Nous l’avons ensuite affiné par l’intégration d’autres paramètres influençant l’évolution de l’activité grâce au calcul et à l’application d’un coefficient de pondération obtenu sur la période d’activité de 2000 à 2008. D’après le modèle, l’activité entre 2008 et 2030 augmentera de 38% sur les segments étudiés.Les projections pondérées permettent de prédire une augmentation de l’activité de 30% entre 2011 et 2025. D’un point de vue purement mathématique, les besoins de formation seraient de 120 chirurgiens pour le remplacement des départs en retraite, et de 59 chirurgiens supplémentaires du fait de l’augmentation de l’activité
The question of replacement of vascular surgeons for the future is of concern because of a large number of retirements. But the question of replacement only is not sufficient for a specialty that is primarily for older patients in the current context of increasing and aging of the French population.In order to meet the need for vascular surgery in the coming years, we initially performed an overview of the demographics of practitioners of the specialty and estimated the retirements. To take into account the evolution of the future activity, we have established a predictive model for the acts of carotid surgery, surgery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms and surgery of peripheral arterial disease, according to the aging population. This model applies the methods of the INSEE for acts collected in the Medicalised Information System Program database.We then refined it by including other parameters modifying workload evolution. We have calculated and applied a weighting factor obtained during the period of activity from 2000 to 2008. According to the model, the activity between 2008 and 2030 will increase by 38% in the studied procedures.The weighted projections predict an acts’ increase 30% between 2011 and 2025.From a purely mathematical point of view, the training needs of 120 surgeons would be to replace retirements, and 59 more surgeons because of the increased workload

Dans notre société, les dispositifs techniques sont envisagés pour augmenter la qualité et la rapidité d'exécution des tâches. Le domaine de la santé n'y échappe pas. Les établissements de santé investissent beaucoup pour se doter de dispositifs techniques capables d'atteindre des objectifs de performance. Quand les Hautes Autorités de Santé (HAS) recommandent de diminuer les délais d'envoi du courrier de sortie, les hôpitaux numérisent l'activité de production et de transmission du courrier. Mais aucun n'a envisagé en amont de son introduction un quelconque effet négatif sur la réalisation du courrier avec par exemple, des délais augmentés. Or il est légitime de s'interroger sur les effets des dispositifs techniques pour l'activité de production-transmission du courrier de sortie. D'autant que ce courrier assure une fonction importante puisqu'il assure la continuité des soins et la sécurité du patient.Nous avons alors cherché à déterminer l'effet de dispositifs techniques sur le délai d'envoi du courrier. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons étudié toute la situation de travail (les dispositifs techniques, les organisations et les acteurs, individuellement et dans leurs interactions) par une approche centrée facteurs humains, en partant du constat qu'il est difficile d'interpréter les résultats des études scientifiques mesurant l'effet de ces dispositifs sans la prise en compte et la connaissance des caractéristiques techniques, organisationnelles et des acteurs peu ou pas décrites dans les études.Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, nous avons identifié et décrit les caractéristiques techniques, organisationnelles et liées aux acteurs. Et nous avons analysé leurs effets sur l'indicateur de délais d'envoi du courrier. Dans notre démarche, nous avons tout d'abord envisagé d'utiliser l'indicateur IPAQSS que les hôpitaux publics français recueillent. Mais celui-ci a été écarté de notre recherche, ne le considérant pas comme valide et ne correspondant pas à la réalité. Nous avons choisi de mesurer des délais intermédiaires, à chaque étape du processus de production - transmission du courrier pour être au plus près de la réalité et répondre ainsi à notre question de recherche. Les analyses statistiques ont porté sur 440 courriers pris dans 7 services du CHRU de Lille.Les principaux résultats montrent qu'un dispositif technique numérique ne garantit pas systématiquement une diminution des délais de réalisation des tâches. Il est nécessaire de s'intéresser à ses caractéristiques techniques pour déterminer ces délais. De plus, les mesures de délais varient sous l'effet des variables contextuelles (organisationnelles et liées aux acteurs) et pas uniquement sous le seul effet d'un dispositif technique. Par ailleurs les résultats mettent en évidence que la connaissance de la situation de travail permet d'interpréter les mesures obtenues. Avec cette connaissance, il devient possible d'agir sur les caractéristiques techniques, organisationnelles ou liées aux acteurs pour atteindre les objectifs fixés par les hôpitaux et les institutions. Notre approche centrée facteurs humains permet ainsi de proposer une méthodologie pour accompagner les hôpitaux et les institutions en vérifiant si un dispositif technique peut atteindre l'objectif escompté, en contrôlant les variations de l'effet de ce dernier sous l'influence des déterminants identifiés
In today’s society, technical devices are expected to increase the quality and speed of task execution. The healthcare field is no exception. Healthcare establishments are investing heavily in technical devices capable of achieving certain performance objectives. When France’s High Commission for Healthcare (Haute Autorité de Santé) recommended that discharge letters should be sent out more rapidly, hospitals digitized the production and dispatching of this document. However, none of the hospitals planned ahead of time for potential negative effects of the digitization of discharge letter production (longer delays, for example). In fact, one can legitimately question whether technical devices improve discharge letter production. This matter is especially important because discharge letters ensure continuity of care and the patient’s safety.We therefore sought to determine the effect of technical devices on the speed of discharge letter production and dispatching. To address this question, we studied the work situation as a whole (i.e. technical devices, organizations, stakeholders, and their interactions) using a human factors approach. Our starting hypothesis was as follows: it is difficult to accurately interpret scientific studies of the effects of these devices without taking account of and understanding technical, organizational and stakeholder-related characteristics that are rarely described in the literature.To address the research question, we identified and described all the technical, organizational and stakeholder-related characteristics, and analyzed their effects on the speed of discharge letter production and dispatching. We first considered using the IPAQSS data that French public-sector hospitals have to collect. However, we had to exclude this variable from our research because it is not valid and does not adequately reflect reality. We therefore decided to measure the time intervals at each step in the letter production/dispatching process, in order to be as close as possible to the true situation and thus answer our research question. We performed statistical analyses on a total of 440 letters generated by seven departments at Lille University Medical Centre.Our main results showed that a digital device does not necessarily accelerate thesteps in discharge letter production; it is essential to focus on the device'stechnical characteristics when seeking to determine whether or not production isfaster.Moreover, the time intervals for the steps vary as a function of contextual variables (i.e. organizational and stakeholder-related factors) and not just under the influence of the technical device per se.Furthermore, our results showed that knowledge of the work context enables one to interpret the data obtained. This knowledge makes it possible to modify technical, organizational and stakeholder-related factors and achieve the objectives set by hospitals and institutions. Our human factors approach generated a methodology for helping hospitals and institutions to check whether a technical device can achieve the expected objectives, i.e. by monitoring the influence of the above-mentioned variables on the device’s effect

La planification sanitaire régionale consiste à répartir dans l'espace régional les ressources sanitaires rares (équipement lourd, personnel, ...) entre différentes structures sanitaires existantes ou non, afin d'"optimiser" la réponse aux besoins en soins de la population régionale. Cette répartition s'effectue dans un contexte décisionnel multidimensionnel, dont les dimensions médicale, économique et celles relatives à l'aménagement du territoire. Depuis une quarantaine d'années, la recherche de méthodes rationnelles applicables à la planification sanitaire a permis l'investigation de nombreuses voies de modélisation, et la proposition de méthodes variées. Malgré leur multitude, aucune d'entre elles n'a acquis de légitimité auprès des planificateurs. Trois motifs expliquent ce phénomène: le caractère restrictif de la définition donnée au système de santé, la complexité des techniques mathématiques utilisée, souvent obscures pour les non initiés, et le rôle passif réservé au planificateur. Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire propose la formalisation d'un outil interactif d'aide à la planification sanitaire. Cette formalisation s'appuie sur une approche globale du système de santé, à partir de laquelle nous avons établit une définition de la planification sanitaire. A l'issue de cette formalisation, nous proposons un outil HERO qui lie un Système d'Information Géographique (SIG) avec un outil de résolution multiobjectif. Via le SIG, l'outil informe le planificateur sur l'état de santé de la population ainsi que sur les mécanismes de production et de consommation de soins. L'outil de résolution multiobjectif assiste ce dernier dans l'élaboration d'un plan en lui fournissant un moyen d'évaluation de la pertinence de ses choix dans la répartition spatiale des ressources. Le fonctionnement de HERO est illustré sur un exemple utilisant des données du Bas-Rhin (France).

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Marketing Intelligence
Hospitality is a highly competitive market that struggles to improve its performance. Today, the use of technology is a critical factor for more efficient performance. For this reason, hotels are increasingly willing to adopt information systems to optimize the performance of their operations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the information systems’ maturity levels of Portuguese independent hotels and small hotel chains, to map them regarding hotels’ characteristics and identify patterns among those maturity levels. The literature indicates that hotels are becoming more willing to adopt information systems to optimize their operations, but it is always dependent on the decision-makers. The NEC (Network Exploitation Capability) Model (Piccoli et al., 2011) was employed to evaluate Portuguese hotels' information systems adoption. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were employed to perform this research. Six hoteliers, from the 77 hotel companies surveyed, were also interviewed, wich represented almost 10% of hotels. The results revealed that some hotel characteristics influence the information systems’ maturity level, which, in average, has a value of 2.7 out of 5. Nevertheless, hoteliers, on average, give a selfclassification of 3.51. Besides measuring hotels’ information systems’ maturity, the study goes deeper. It explores the type of systems used by hoteliers, their main drivers and the limitations to invest in technology or in factors that do not only influence their information system’s maturity. Additionally, this study shows how hoteliers see the technology on their day to day operations and staff qualification investment. Finally, this srudy corroborates the positive impact of technology on promoting business maturity, which consequently boosts hotels’ performance and competitiveness.

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
Tal como muitas outras indústrias, também a indústria hoteleira pretende renovar as suas práticas de gestão recorrendo às tecnologias e sistemas de informação. Contudo, tecnologias e sistemas de informação por si só não são suficientes, se não estiverem enquadrados por referenciais que traduzam as melhores práticas, para uma organização estruturada em processos eficazes e capazes de responder às necessidades da organização e dos seus clientes. Procurando responder a estas preocupações, perante um desafio lançado pela Associação da Hotelaria de Portugal (AHP), surge este projecto de dissertação no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão de Sistemas de Informação. Procurar-se-á conhecimento devidamente fundamentado sobre práticas de desenvolvimento e gestão de sistemas de informação e o seu alinhamento com a estratégia de negócio recorrendo a instrumentos como as arquitecturas de processos e de sistemas de informação. A partir duma amostra representativa do sector, cuidadosamente seleccionada com a colaboração da AHP, pretende-se definir uma arquitectura de processos modelo para o sector que proporcione um referencial de alto nível para esta indústria, à semelhança do que já acontece para outras indústrias com o eTOM ou o SCOR. A partir desta arquitectura de processos deverá ser possível melhor definir as necessidades em tecnologias e sistemas de informação e destas retirar o maior partido no suporte ao negócio da hotelaria.
Such as many other industries, also the hotel industry intends to renew its management practices, resorting to information systems and technologies. Nevertheless information systems and technologies are not, by themselves, sufficient, if not fitted by a referential that translates the best practices for an organization structured in efficient business processes that are able to respond to the needs of the organization and of its clients. Trying to respond to these preoccupations, facing a challenge launched by the Associação de Hotelaria de Portugal (AHP), this dissertation project appears in the context of the Master´s degree in Engenharia e Gestão de Sistemas de Informação. A search for knowledge will be made properly substantiated on practices of development and management of information systems, its alignment with the business strategy resorting to instruments like the processes architecture and the information systems architecture. A representative sample of the hotel industry in Portugal, carefully selected with the collaboration of the AHP, a process architecture is developed providing a very high level referential to this industry like happening in other industries with eTOM and SCOR. From this process architecture it shall be possible to better define the needs in information systems and technologies taking advantage of those on the technical support of the hotel industry business.

碩士
亞洲大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
99
It is necessary to make a reservation or an order first before eating at a restaurant. But there’s some kind of problems about getting the information of the restaurants or meals, even waiting for paying in the line. Now, it’s more and more usual to use a mobile phone for the convenience around our life, so people concern much more about the related research of application. “Near Field Communication”, also called NFC, it’s very simple to operate. As long as holding the mobile phone with NFC function and launch the sensor of the device, you can do any function and operation you like. Take the system of information management for dining for example, customers are going to enjoy convenient and fast service following through the technology of NFC. This assay is talking about how we can use the technology of NFC for applying in the restaurants. From now on, people don’t have to bring a lot of credit cards, member cards with them when they are going out, one NFC mobile phone will take the place instead of all the credit cards and member cards. The technology of NFC will improve the procedure of making reservations and orders and reduce the expenses of personnel. Otherwise, the customers will own a better environment during their eating period, pay the bills through a safer measure and solve the problem related the restaurant returns the changes.