Relevant bibliographies by topics / Host city

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Host city'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Host city"

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Bakhsh, Jordan, Luke R. Potwarka, Robin Nunkoo, and Vivek Sunnassee. "Residents’ support for the Olympic Games: Single Host-City versus Multiple Host-City bid arrangements." Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 27, no. 5 (2017): 544–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1398119.

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Bintley, Michael D. J. "City of the living dead: The Old English Andreas as urban horror narrative." Horror Studies 4, no. 1 (2013): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host.4.1.3_1.

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Borman, Michael, and Cindy Meays. "Vancouver, British Columbia: Host City for SRM 2006." Rangelands 27, no. 3 (2005): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501x(2005)27.3[50:vbchcf]2.0.co;2.

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Wolfe, Jonathan. "New York City to Host APA’s Next Institute." Psychiatric News 47, no. 12 (2012): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.47.12.psychnews_47_12_12-a.

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Hughes, Clifford F. "Olympic City to Host 13th Biennial Asian Congress." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 5, no. 1 (1997): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849239700500118.

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Lee, Younghan, Mi-Lyang Kim, Jakeun Koo, and Hyung-Joong Won. "Sport volunteer service performance, image formation, and service encounters." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, no. 2 (2019): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-05-2018-0047.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the link between sport event volunteer service performance and sport spectator experience that leads to future intentions. Design/methodology/approach Subjects were the international visitors at a mega sporting event in South Korea (n=431). The sample was randomly drawn based on convenience sampling method. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was utilized to test the hypotheses. The adequacy and statistical significance of the path models were confirmed by individual indicator loadings, average variance explained, bootstrap t-statistics and convergent validity. Findings Volunteer service performance significantly predicted event satisfaction, event image, and host city image and indirectly influenced intentions to revisit the event and host city. Event image predicted host city image, event satisfaction and intention to revisit the event. Host city image predicted event satisfaction and intention to revisit the host city. Event satisfaction predicted both intentions to revisit the event and the host city. Originality/value Sport event volunteers are in direct contact with spectators; therefore the performance of volunteers’ service may have an impact on establishing event and host city images perceived by visitors at the event. The research findings suggest that sport event volunteer performance positively affects image formation and further induce international visitors to revisit both the event and the host city. One of the key findings includes the important role of event satisfaction in the association between volunteer performance, image formation and future behavior.
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Maennig, Wolfgang, and Christopher Vierhaus. "Winning the Olympic host city election: key success factors." Applied Economics 49, no. 31 (2016): 3086–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1254339.

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Jiang, Yangyang, and Ning (Chris) Chen. "Event attendance motives, host city evaluation, and behavioral intentions." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 8 (2019): 3270–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2018-0501.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the event attendance motives and the underlying mechanism through which event attendance motives influence positive word-of-mouth (PWOM) and revisit intentions. It also investigates how event attendance motives differ by gender. Design/methodology/approach A self-completed survey administered in English among visitors to the 2016 Olympic Games generated 230 valid responses. Partial least squares-based structural equation modeling was applied to test research hypotheses. Findings Event attendance motives of esthetics and escape positively influence host city evaluation. Host city evaluation positively influences PWOM and revisit intentions. Host city evaluation mediates the relationship between event attendance motives (esthetics and escape) and behavioral intentions (PWOM and revisit intentions). Male Olympic tourists show significantly lower means in the motives of social bond and escape when compared with female Olympic tourists. Originality/value This study adds to the body of knowledge concerning Olympic tourists, their motives and behavioral intentions. Research findings indicate that event attendance motives influence PWOM and revisit intentions through the mediating effect of host city evaluation. Considering the noticeable paucity of gender analysis weakens the understanding of the Olympic tourist behavior, this study contributes to the literature by examining gender differences in Olympic attendance motives.
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Heller, Lauren R., and E. Frank Stephenson. "How Does the Super Bowl Affect Host City Tourism?" Journal of Sports Economics 22, no. 2 (2020): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002520959393.

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This paper uses a unique dataset containing more than eight years of daily data to examine the effect of the Super Bowl on hotel room rentals, rates, and room revenue in four recent host cities. The findings include (1) the net gain in rentals is considerably fewer than the gross number of rooms rented, (2) benefits are heterogeneous across cities, (3) the areas that benefit are not always those located close to stadiums, and (4) nearly 90% of hotel room revenue gained is because of increased room rates which means concerns about leakages from host cities’ regional economies are salient.
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Insch, Andrea, and Benjamin Sun. "University students' needs and satisfaction with their host city." Journal of Place Management and Development 6, no. 3 (2013): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-03-2013-0004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Host city"

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Sandfer, Jordan. "Host City, Inishmore." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2019. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/785.

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Erten, Sertac. "Spatial Analysis Of Mega-event Hosting: Olympic Host And Olympic Bid Cities." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609390/index.pdf.

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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a new perspective to the analysis of megaevent / host city relationship. The significance of the research subject depends on the interest in hosting mega-events such as the Olympic Games and the World Fairs, which generate a competition among cities. Turkish cities are recently being involved in this competition. In addition to that, mega-events have large-scale and long-term impacts on the built environment, which has not been thoroughly discussed in urban studies. The methodology which is based on a qualitative analysis comprises three steps: a historical analysis made on the Olympic host cities, and two case studies. The first case is Athens as the 2004 Olympic city, the second case is Istanbul as an Olympic bid city since 1990. This study recognizes but qualifies the concept of megaevent hosting. It is shown that mega-event hosting is a capacity-building process, whilst it has a potential to generate overdose investments problem in the built environment. The most significant conclusion of the study is that the ability of coping with this problem is correlated with the ability of absorbing the investments made.
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Gilchrist, Grant. "Analysis of the Economic Impact of Constructing a NBA Arena on the Host City." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1949.

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Using economic data collected from 24 different Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the US, this thesis investigates the impact of constructing a new National Basketball Association (NBA) arena on the host city’s economy. When a simplistic model is implemented, which does not control for other economic factors or individual subject heterogeneity, significantly positive economic impacts of arena construction are observed. However, when a more appropriate model specification is implemented that controls for economic activity and individual heterogeneity, these effects are no longer statistically significant. This comparative analysis ultimately highlights the importance of appropriate model specification and supports the conclusion that new NBA arenas, by themselves, are not significant catalysts of urban economic development.
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Koch, Michael H. "Event, Image, History and Place: How the NYC2012 Olympic Bid Constructed New York City." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1344272225.

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Hobbs, Nicholas. "A Review of Olympic Host Cities: Analyzing the Exclusion of South American and African States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1721.

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The Olympic Games are a global phenomenon that focus a spotlight onto the hosting city once every two years. While the athletes are judged on their physical abilities, the host city is judged on its architecture, organization and capabilities. It is a chance to showcase your city and country to the world. But while athletes from all over the world are welcome to compete in the games, becoming a host city has only been granted to a few countries, not reaching all seven continents. One must look into what it takes to host the Olympic Games and what factors are creating an exclusionary trend.
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Van, Graan Marteleze. "South African host city volunteers' experiences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27565.

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The 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) World Cup (WC) would be the first time that a FIFA WC would be hosted on the African continent. This study was aimed at describing the South African City of Tshwane (COT) general volunteers’ experiences of volunteering at the 2010 FIFA WC. The FIFA Volunteer Programme consists of two groups of volunteers: Local Organising Committee (LOC) volunteers and each Host City (HC) volunteers. The COT volunteers are HC volunteers from the Tshwane Metropolitan Area (TMA). Volunteers are active in a variety of different contexts, namely in the community, volunteers at sport clubs or schools and also at mega sport events. Volunteers make it possible to host a mega sport event because they provide their time and effort without expecting remuneration or they receive a stipend amount. The existing literature of volunteers at mega sport events investigated what motivated volunteers to participate as well as how satisfied the volunteers were with the experience. The aim of this study was to describe COT general volunteers’ experiences of preparing (preparation phase) for the 2010 FIFA WC; COT general volunteers’ experiences during (participation phase) the 2010 FIFA WC, as well as the South African COT general volunteers’ experiences on their involvement (reflection phase) at the 2010 FIFA WC was described. The methodology employed in this study was Descriptive Phenomenology and the Duquesne Phenomenological Research Method was used to analyse the material. The differences between Descriptive Phenomenology and Interpretive Phenomenology were described. The material consisted of a written account as well as an interview, which was based on the essences that were portrayed in the written accounts. There were five participants — three spectator services volunteers and two rights protection volunteers. All of the participants were female. The findings of this study were divided into the preparation phase, participation phase and the reflection phase. In the preparation phase the COT general volunteers described two essences namely, the application process and training. In the participation phase the COT general volunteers experienced four essences namely, the working of shifts, interaction with volunteers, interaction with supervisors and lastly interaction with tourists. In the reflection phase the volunteers described two experiences, growth and value. This research project contributes to sport psychology because this study describes the experiences of volunteers at the 2010 FIFA WC.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
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秋山, 吉寛, and Yoshihiro B. Akiyama. "Host Fish Species for the Glochidia of Anodonta japonica Inhabiting Drainage Ditches for Rice Cultivation in Hikone City." 日本貝類学会（Malacological Society of Japan）, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15513.

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Penduka, Annaloice. "The experiences of expatriate mothers regarding pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood in the host city Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32485.

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The study explored the experiences of expatriate mothers' pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood in a host city. This included identifying how expatriate mothers access public healthcare, and adapt to motherhood in a host country in a subsequent pregnancy. These expatriate mothers had previously experienced childbirth in their country of origin. A descriptive qualitative approach was utilised as it describes individuals' lived experiences. Purposive sampling was chosen and I had an in-depth conversation with nine expatriate mothers. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and sub-themes. Findings: The participants established that antenatal care was easily accessible. Mothers were confronted with a lack of respectful care in labour wards. They also had personal challenges. This all led to the development of the four themes. These are: expatriate mothers' need for support; organised antenatal healthcare; high cost of living; as well as labour and childbirth challenges in Cape Town (public healthcare). These revealed mothers need support to manage motherhood in a different setting. Further, the expatriate mothers rely on their husbands as their main support in the host city. Recommendations: An emphasis on teaching of respectful maternity care in midwifery is needed, the availability of more and highly skilled and caring midwives and the need for support groups for expatriate mothers.
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Nyikana, Siyabulela. "Visitors’ perceptions of the 2010 FIFA world cup: a case study of the host city Nelson Mandela Bay/Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1574.

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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013
The continent of Africa hosted the FIFA World Cup™ for the first time in 2010. The historical hosting of Africa‟s first mega-event by South Africa was deemed to be a key opportunity to initiate and promote socio-economic legacies for local South Africans. Therefore, the importance of examining visitor experiences and perceptions of the event cannot be overemphasised. The global struggle for competitive advantage, national reputation or nation branding is in recent times more and more significant as countries compete for attention, respect and trust of investors, tourists, consumers, donors, immigrants and media. Assessing visitors‟ experiences can contribute significantly to knowledge management and inform the planning of future events to leverage positive benefits while minimising the negative impacts. In this study, visitors‟ perceptions of the event are examined using Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth (one of the nine [9] host cities for the 2010 event) as a case study. A spatially-based systematic sampling technique was used to interview visitors at fan parks and in the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium precinct during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and in all, two thousand, two hundred and twenty-five (n=2225) visitors were interviewed. The key findings reveal that many of the visitors came from the key tourism source markets of South Africa (the United Kingdom [UK], Germany, the Netherlands, the United States of America [USA] and France), were men and had an average age of thirty three (33) years. They generally had positive perceptions about the hosting of the event and the quality of tourism facilities and services on offer during their stay in Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth, and South Africa generally. Additionally, many visitors suggested that the hosting of the event in Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth offered an opportunity to experience a different tourism destination, with potential for future repeat visitations. However, the city was found to be a poor responsible tourism destination and as not being a good value-for-money destination. During the event, the Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth region arguably drew its biggest international crowd as it usually receives fewer international tourists when compared to other regions in South Africa. The study therefore underscores the need for local tourism authorities to devise strategies aimed at capitalising on the exposure garnered through the hosting of the event and at maximising the opportunity to tap into new tourism markets with a view to increasing international visitation in a province that is said to attract only five percent of South Africa‟s international visitors.
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Don, Carlen. "Far From Gold: Why Hosting the Olympics is Detrimental to the Host Country." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/7.

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Due to the excitement and prestige surrounding the Olympics, international perceptions of hosting the Games are positive and the Olympics are thought to bring prosperity and economic benefits to the host country. However this paper insists that hosting the Olympic Games is actually more detrimental to the host country than beneficial. Though each Games is different and every host country has the opportunity to create a positive Games, the negative aspects of hosting the Games create a difficult environment for any country to host a successful Games. Due to the negative effects of the Olympics on national unity, economic impact and international legitimacy, hosting the Olympics is a losing gamble for Olympic host nations.
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Books on the topic "Host city"

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Swanson, Ian. City plays host to a day for all Scotland. Evening News, 2004.

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Host cities and the Olympics: An interactionist approach. Routledge, 2012.

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(Organization), NYC2012. Dossier de candidature pour les jeux de la XXXe Olympiade =: Candidature file for the Games of the XXX Olympiad. NYC2012, 2004.

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Salt Lake City Bid Committee for the Olympic Winter Games, 2002. Salt Lake City candidate to host the XIX Olympic Winter Games, 2002. The Committee, 1994.

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Athènes (1896)-- Rio (2016): Choix épiques des villes olympiques. Atlantica, 2010.

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Issert, Patrick. Malheureux aux jeux: Pourquoi, depuis vingt ans, Paris ne parvient pas à obtenir l'organisation des jeux olympiques d'été. Prolongations, 2006.

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Five ring circus: Myths and realities of the Olympic Games. New Society, 2008.

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Mercier, Alain. JO 2012, Paris perdu. Publibook, 2005.

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Rendinger, Armand de. Jeux perdus: Paris 2012, pari gâché. Fayard, 2006.

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Loret, Alain. Le sport de la république: La France face au défi olympique. Éditions du Temps, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Host city"

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Gunter, Anthony. "Youth Transitions and Legacies in an East London Olympic Host Borough." In London 2012 and the Post-Olympics City. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48947-0_10.

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Trivellas, Panagiotis, Nikolaos Kakkos, Labros Vasiliadis, and Dimitrios Belias. "Sustainability, Social Marketing and Host Attitudes About Tourism in the City of Larissa." In Strategic Innovative Marketing. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33865-1_11.

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McLaughlin, Malcolm. "The City of Hope." In The Long, Hot Summer of 1967. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269638_8.

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Fry, Robert W. "In Hot Water: Cultural and Musical Conflict in the American Spa." In Sounds and the City. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94081-6_16.

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Tavassoli, Mahmoud. "Ancient City Structure and Its Transformation in Islamic Period." In Urban Structure in Hot Arid Environments. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39098-7_1.

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Iizuka, Satoru, Masato Miyata, and Kaede Watanabe. "Assessment of Future Urban Climate After Implementation of the City Master Plan in Vinh City, Vietnam." In Sustainable Houses and Living in the Hot-Humid Climates of Asia. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8465-2_49.

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Ossen, Dilshan Remaz, Adeb Qaid, and Hasanuddin Bin Lamit. "Urban Heat Island of Putrajaya City in Malaysia." In Sustainable Houses and Living in the Hot-Humid Climates of Asia. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8465-2_50.

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Söderlund, Jana. "Living Green Wall Trials in a Hot Dry City Climate." In The Emergence of Biophilic Design. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29813-5_5.

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Cooper, Liam, and Hans A. Baer. "Christie Walk: An Urban Eco-community in an Increasingly Hot City." In Urban Eco-Communities in Australia. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1168-0_5.

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Remache, Walter, Andrés Heredia, and Gabriel Barros-Gavilanes. "Data Extraction System for Hot Bike-Sharing Spots in an Intermediate City." In Trends and Innovations in Information Systems and Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45691-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Host city"

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Xiang, Wanhong, and Yanfei Feng. "Game Study on Host City Behavior in Enclave Economy." In International Conference on Logistics Engineering, Management and Computer Science (LEMCS 2015). Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/lemcs-15.2015.23.

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Feldmane, Liga. "Students' satisfaction with their host city: case of Jelgava, Latvia." In 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n088.

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Dong, Qinqin. "Research on the Co-Branding Strategy of Sports Event and Host City." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998948.

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Wu, Kun, and Bao Wang. "Research on the ESXI Host Renovation Project based on VMware vCenter." In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Transportation & Logistics, Information & Communication, Smart City (TLICSC 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/tlicsc-18.2018.64.

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Cacho, Andrea, Frederico Lopes, Luiz Mendes Filho, et al. "A smart destination initiative: The case of a 2014 FIFA world cup host city." In 2015 IEEE First International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2015.7366223.

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Neis, Hajo, Briana Meier, and Tomo Furukawazono. "Arrival Cities: Refugees in Three German Cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6318.

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Since 2015, the authors have studied the refugee crisis in Europe and the Middle East. The intent of theproject is to not only study the refugee crisis in various spatial and architectural settings and aspectsbut also actively try to help refugees with their problems that they experience in the events fromstarting an escape and to settling in a given host country, city town or neighborhood.In this paper, the authors present three case studies in three different cities in Germany. Refugees areeverywhere in Germany, even in smaller towns and villages. The case study cities are at differentscales with Borken (15,000 people), Kassel, a mid-size city (200,000), and Essen a larger city(600,000) as part of the still larger Ruhr Area Megacity. In these cities we try to understand the life ofrefugees from their original escape country/city to their arrival in their new cities and new countries.Our work focuses on the social-spatial aspects of refugee experiences, and their impact on urbanmorphology and building typology.We also try to understand how refugees manage their new life in partial safety of place, shelter foodand financial support but also in uncertainty and insecurity until officially accepted as refugees.Beyond crisis we are looking at how refugees can and want to integrate into their host countries, citiesand neighborhoods and start a new life. Social activities and physical projects including urbanarchitecture projects for housing and work, that help the process of integration, are part of thispresentation.
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Sarkar, Avijit, Mehrdad Koohikamali, and James Pick. "Spatial and Socioeconomic Analysis of Host Participation in the Shared Accommodation Economy – Airbnb in New York City." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.547.

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Nestorenko, Tetyana. "ECONOMIC IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ON A HOST CITY: CASE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS IN BRATISLAVA." In 3rd Teaching & Education Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/tec.2016.003.017.

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Alraouf, Ali. "Towards a New Paradigm in City Branding and Marketing." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nkox7405.

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In rentier countries around the Gulf, a paradigm shift is certainly happening. Gulf States resorted to branding strategies which would secure a global recognition for their cities. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of tools used in Doha, the capital city of Qatar to create its own identity within the Gulf States and the rest of the Middle East. The analyzed tools will include City Uniqueness, Quality of Public Spaces, Signature Architecture, Events, Festivals, Cultural Tourism and Facilities. One of the main strategies used in Doha to articulate its brand is enhancing the ability of the city to host global Events, Festivals, and international sports. Competitions and cultural Carnivals. The research illustrates the use of Interesting Architecture, Cultural Facilities, Unique streets, Public parks, City natural and man-made Uniqueness as a City Marketing and Positive Branding Tools. The paper investigates crucial questions including the impact of the digital paradigm on the competitiveness of cities? How to regionally and globally market a city? What are the sustainable and resilient strategies for branding contemporary city? The paper also articulates a model for the case of Doha city banding and marketing which is based on a balanced approach. Such an approach would consider traditional assets including history and heritage. Also, it will include contemporary and innovative assets resulted from the last decade unprecedented investments in the sectors of education, research, culture and knowledge. Hence, the paper suggests a more holistic approach to city branding which would balance between social equity, economic prospertiy and ecological intergrity.
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"The Influence of Host and Guest Interaction on Tourists Loyalty ---Taking the Ancient City of Guanxian County as an Example." In 2020 International Conference on Social and Human Sciences. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0000127.

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Reports on the topic "Host city"

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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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