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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Host defense'

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1

Holloway, Laurin Nicole. "Host Defense Mechanisms Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1245878489.

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2

Li, Yaqiong. "Gamma AApeptides as Host Defense Peptide Mimics." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6301.

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There has been increasing concern regarding the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens. The resistance develops when pathogens, especially bacteria, are frequently exposed to conventional antibiotics, as they are heavily used in both human and livestock. This is due to the high target specificity of conventional antibiotics, which places pathogens in high selective pressures and eventually results in drug resistant by mutations. To address this issue, global actions and cooperation are needed. At the same time, new technologies and strategies need to be developed. Host defense peptides (H
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3

Collins, Cathleen A. "Ubiquitin in host defense against pathogenic mycobacteria." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359543.

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4

Sankala, Marko. "Role of macrophage receptor MARCO in host defense /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-686-3.

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5

Vyboh, Kishanda. "Mapping HIV-1's evasion of host defense." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110455.

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The HIV-1 RNA genome encodes the main structural polyprotein Gag, Gag/Pol (structural proteins and enzymes), auxiliary (Vpr, Vpu, Vif) and regulatory proteins (Tat, Rev, Nef). The expression of the full complement of viral gene products enhances both the replication and the pathogenic potential of the virus. In our previous work we showed that HIV-1 expression prevented eIF2alpha-dependent stress granule (SG) assembly in cells. SGs are translationally silent sites of RNA triage and can be readily visualized in cells due to clustering of cytoplasmic RNA and the recruitment of multiple cytoplasm
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6

Prasad, Joni M. "Hemostatic Factors in Bacterial Virulence and Host Defense." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1329495133.

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7

Fischer, Anthony John. "Augmenting antiviral host defense in the respiratory epithelium." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/500.

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The airway epithelium has many roles in innate immunity including detection of pathogens and transmitting danger signals to other cell types. However, its role as a primary defender against infection is not well recognized. We have investigated methods of augmenting antiviral immunity by application of agents that stimulate viral killing, either in the extracellular space or within the cytoplasm. A recently described property of airway epithelial cells is direct oxidative killing of bacteria through the coordination of Duox and lactoperoxidase enzymes. We have exploited this property by supple
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8

Nakashige, Toshiki G. "Metal sequestration of the host-defense protein human calprotectin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109678.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2017.<br>Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Transition metals are essential nutrients for all organisms. Microbial pathogens must acquire first-row transition metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) to colonize the mammalian host and to cause disease. As part of the first line of defense against pathogenic infection, the host innate immune response deploys a number of metal-chelating host-defense factors that restrict the access of nutrient metals
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9

Brophy, Megan Brunjes. "Bioinorganic Chemistry of the Human Host-Defense Protein Calprotectin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98823.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Biological Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2015.<br>Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The human innate immune system responds to bacterial and fungal pathogens by releasing the metal-chelating protein calprotectin (CP) at sites of infection and in the upper layers of the epidermis. CP is a Mn(II)- and Zn(ll)-binding protein. The work described in this thesis elucidates the metal-binding properties of CP, and correlates these properties with in vitro growth inhibition of bacteria an
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10

Cremer, Thomas John IV. "Mechanisms of Host-Defense Against Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens Through The PI3K/Akt Host Signaling Pathway." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1289571696.

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11

Pulido, Gómez David. "Expanding the scope of the Ribonuclease A superfamily in the host immune defense system: Structural determinants of human RNases involved in antimicrobial host defense." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131329.

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El meu projecte de doctorat s’enmarca en l’estudi de l’estructura i la funció de les ribonucleases antimicrobianes humanes. Actualment, es coneixen vuit ribonucleases humanes funcionals pertanyents a la superfamília de ribonucleases secretades per vertebrats. Cal remarcar, que alhora de la seva activitat per a hidrolitzar àcids ribonucleics, també presenten altres propietats biològiques com l’activitat antimicrobiana, que suggereixen una possible funció ancestral relacionada amb el sistema immunitari. La proteïna catiònica d’eosinòfils (ECP) és un dels components majoritaris dels grànuls secu
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12

Yun, Ronald E. "Network defense-in-dept : evaluating host-based intrusion detection systems /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA395808.

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13

Wuerth, Kelli. "Combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections using synthetic host defense peptides." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62496.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative bacterium found frequently in the environment. It can infect immunocompromised patients and is a major cause of nosocomial infections. Of particular concern are its roles in lung infections as a causative agent for pneumonia and in respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Treatment of P. aeruginosa lung infections is difficult due to its formation of biofilms and the development of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Synthetic derivatives of host defense peptides (HDPs) called innate def
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14

Osnas, Erik E. "Evolutionary ecology of host defense in a snail-trematode interaction." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162256.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2004.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 1, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: B, page: 0059. Chairperson: Curtis M. Lively.
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15

Bugila, Abdalbaset Abusalah Ali. "Host-parasitoid relationships of Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault), (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), as a basis to improve biological control of pest mealybugs (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae)." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7341.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>The host-parasitoid relationships of Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci were investigated, including host selection behavior, host defenses, host suitability and parasitoid functional response in relation to five mealybug species with different phylogenetic relationships and geographical origins: i) a Mediterranean native species, Planococcus ficus, with a long co-evolutionary history with the parasitoid; ii) three alien species, Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus calceolariae and Pseudococcus viburni, with a more recent co
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16

DEBOLT, JACK WARNER. "PARASITIZATION OF LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) BY LEIOPHRON UNIFORMIS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE): HOST DEFENSE AND HOST ACCEPTANCE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184000.

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The ability of Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) to parasitize 4 Lygus spp. was determined. While L. uniformis readily attacked Lygus hesperus (Knight), L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. elisus Van Duzee, and L. desertinus Knight, only 6.7% of the L. lineolaris attacked were parasitized compared to 84-87% parasitization of the other species. Two factors were found to cause the low rate of parasitism of L. lineolaris. L. uniformis oviposited in (accepted) few of the L. lineolaris nymphs attacked and most eggs found were encapsulated by the host. Nymphs less than 48-hr old were readily parasitiz
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17

Dentener, Maria Anna. "Host defense to bacterial endotoxin role of CD14, LBP and BPI /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6749.

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18

Sang, Yongming. "Porcine innate antiviral immunity : host defense peptides and toll-like receptors." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/960.

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19

Pyle, Charlie Jacob. "Impact of macrophage zinc metabolism on host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469135576.

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20

Wang, Xinyi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial Polyesters by Mimicking Host Defense Peptides." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491508009859916.

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21

Kim, Yeojung. "The Role of Hyaluronan in Innate Host Defense against Bacterial Infection." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1499340461710323.

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22

YOSHIKAI, YASUNOBU. "Regulatory Role of Heat Shock Protein-specific T Cells in Host Defense." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17519.

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23

Köninger, Louis [Verfasser]. "Curbing multidrug-resistant bacteria with novel host defense peptide fragments / Louis Köninger." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231790873/34.

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24

McKell, Melanie Catherine. "L-Arginine Drives Macrophage Metabolism to Aid Host Defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626357212176569.

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25

Buriak, O. G. "INDICATORS OF TENSION OF NONSPECIFIC HOST DEFENSE IN NEWBORNS WITH RESPIRATORY FAILURE." Thesis, МАТЕРИАЛЫ НАУЧНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ-МЕДИКОВ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ УЧАСТИЕМ, 2015. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9312.

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26

Griffitts, Amanda Aline. "Characterization of Host Plant Defense Responses to Parasitization by Orobanche aegyptiaca." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42763.

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<I>Orobanche</I> (spp.) are parasitic plants that attack the roots of many important crops. <I>O. aegyptiaca</I> penetrates the host root (aided by digestive enzymes) and forms connections to the host vascular tissue, from which it will withdraw all of its water and nutrient requirements. In order to control this weed, it is important to understand the relationship between the host and the parasite. To investigate how parasitism effects host defense pathways, we are studying the patterns of expression of host genes known to be involved in various aspects of plant defense responses. With r
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27

Bayer-Wilfert, Lena Katrin. "A population genomics approach to host defense in a bumblebee-protozoan model system /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16828.

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28

Roberts, Jenny Renee. "Soluble metals of residual oil fly ash alter pulmonary host defense in rats." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4554.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 250 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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29

Huang, Ya-Shu. "Analysis of the Streptococcal Hemoprotein Receptor: A Role in Virulence and Host Defense." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/114.

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Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important pathogen that produces a wide spectrum of suppurative infections and autoimmune sequelae in humans, ranging from less complex pharyngitis, impedigo to more severe manifestations such as necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. The worldwide burden of GAS infections and sequelae is considerable, but an immunization program that defends against the hyper-variable GAS is missing. The streptococcal hemoprotein receptor (Shr), is an iron-regulated protein involved in heme acquisition. An unspecified region in th
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30

Negrón, Oscar A. "Fibrin(ogen)-pathogen Interactions Support Antimicrobial Host Defense following Staphylococcus Aureus Peritonitis Infection." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin150488059846864.

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31

Li, Wen. "Investigation of Type I Interferon Signaling in the Cellular Response and Host Defense." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10615.

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Type I interferons (IFN-I) mediate the antiviral host response through activation of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex consisting of STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9. However, IFN-I can activate a number of non-canonical signaling pathways, which may contribute to neurological diseases in transgenic mice with CNS-production of IFN-α. It remained largely unknown how and to what extent non-canonical signaling pathways mediate the functional effects of IFN-I. Thus, the role of IFN-α-stimulated ISGF3-independent gene regulation was investigated in murine primary mixed glial cells (MGCs) in
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32

Garcia, Javier S. "Temporal and Tissue Specific Changes in Expression of Nutrient Transporters and Host Defense Peptides in Young Broilers during Salmonella and Campylobacter infections." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86236.

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Salmonella and Campylobacter are the leading causes of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States. Commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry, Salmonella and Campylobacter may show little to no signs of infection in birds. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the influence on mRNA abundance of nutrient transporters and host defense peptides (HDPs) during a Salmonella or a Campylobacter challenge in young commercial broilers. Comparisons were made between non-challenged and challenged (106, 107, or 108 colony forming units of Salmonella or Campylobacter) broil
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33

Li, Yue Xin. "The human cationic host defense peptide LL-37 modulates neutrophil apoptosis and chemokine responses." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31726.

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LL-37 is a human cationic peptide expressed primarily by neutrophils and epithelial cells. It is a 37 amino acid peptide that belongs to the cathelicidin family of the cationic host defense peptides. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that LL-37 has multiple immunomodulatory properties. The modulatory effects of LL-37 on neutrophils were investigated here, and LL-37 was shown to be a potent inhibitor of spontaneous apoptosis in human neutrophils, signalling through P2X₇ receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors other than the formyl peptide receptor-like- 1 molecule. Inhibition of ne
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34

Morcos, Edward R. I. "Formation and role of nitric oxide in host defense reactions in the urinary bladder /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4477-6/.

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35

Pramanik, N. "Contribution of the inflammasome-autophagy axis in host defense to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1467271/.

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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a non-invasive, gram-negative bacterium that causes acute and persistent diarrhoea in infants under the age of five. Infantile diarrhoea is the second leading cause of mortality in children recorded by the World Health Organization (WHO). At present the role of innate and adaptive immunity in providing protection or mediating pathology in response to EPEC remains less well studied. Herein, multiple facets of EPEC interaction with the immune system were explored in co-cultures utilising wild-type and bacterial isogenic mutants in murine and human mode
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36

Cunden, Lisa Stephanie. "A molecular investigation of the antimicrobial functions of the human S100 host-defense proteins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121779.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2019<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The human host is continually exposed to potentially harmful organisms and the innate immune response is the first line of defense against microbial invasion. One strategy employed by the human innate immune system includes the release of antimicrobial host-defense proteins (HDPs). The goal of this thesis is to understand the antimicrobial functions of four host-defense proteins of the S100 family of proteins: calprotecti
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37

Shah, Viral Shailesh. "Mechanisms of acid and base secretion: implications for airway host defense in cystic fibrosis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5628.

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The airway surface contains a number of important defense mechanisms to protect against infection. Antimicrobials found in the thin layer of fluid lining the airways, the airway surface liquid (ASL), rapidly kill bacteria. Another defense mechanism, mucociliary transport, propels foreign particles and mucus out of the airways. These and potentially other host defense properties show a dependence on the pH of the ASL. An acidic ASL pH reduces bacterial killing by cationic antimicrobial peptides, and increases ASL viscosity, potentially effecting mucociliary transport. Consequently, an acidic AS
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38

Fjell, Christopher David. "The development of bioinformatic and chemoinformatic approaches for structure-activity modelling and discovery of antimicrobial peptides." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4613.

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The emergence of pathogens resistant to available drug therapies is a pressing global health problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may potentially form new therapeutics to counter these pathogens. AMPs are key components in the mammalian innate immune system and are responsible for both direct killing and immunomodulatory effects in host defense against pathogenic organisms. This thesis describes computational methods for the identification of novel natural and synthetic AMPs. A bioinformatic resource was constructed for classification and discovery of gene- coded AMPs, consisting of a
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39

Gildea, Lucy Anne. "INTERACTIONS OF HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM YEASTS WITH HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin976039664.

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40

Padhee, Shruti. "Insights into [aacute]-AA peptides and ã-AA peptides as broad spectrum antimicrobial peptidomimetics and as anti-biofilm agents." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5091.

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The emergent resistance of bacteria against the conventional antibiotics has motivated the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Nature abounds with a number of antimicrobial peptides that are a part of our innate immune system and protect us against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. While they are broad-spectrum in their activity and show less drug-resistance induction, their intrinsic metabolic stability limits their potential therapeutic applications. Herein we describe the development of novel broad-spectrum bioactive antimicrobial peptidomimetics AA-peptides. AApeptides were designed bas
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41

Bergstrom, Kirk S. B. "The role of colonic goblet cells in host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30512.

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The non-invasive attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively) are a prominent subgroup of diarrheagenic E. coli, and remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A/E pathogens intimately attach to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, and efface or destroy their microvilli. The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against A/E and all pathogens, and evidence is implicating epithelial secretory cells as playing a key role in this regard. Goblet cells are specialized secretory
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42

Celiberto, Larissa Sbaglia. "Intestinal homeostasis and host defense as promoted by commensal bacteria and the colonic mucus layer /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180350.

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Orientador: Daniela Cardoso Umbelini Cavallini<br>Orientador no exterior: Bruce A. Vallance<br>Coorientador: Caetano Martha Antunes<br>Banca: Bruce Vallance<br>Banca: Carla Fontana<br>Banca: Xiaonan Lu<br>Banca: Ligia Sassaki<br>Resumo: O trato gastrointestinal abriga a maior população de microrganismos no corpo humano, onde eles desempenham um papel importante na promoção da saúde do hospedeiro. A alteração na composição da microbiota pode levar à disbiose intestinal, que consequentemente desencadeia ou agrava doenças intestinais e extra-intestinais. Microrganismos benéficos também conhecidos
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43

Winkle, Sean M., Andrea L. Throop та Melissa M. Herbst-Kralovetz. "IL-36γ Augments Host Defense and Immune Responses in Human Female Reproductive Tract Epithelial Cells". FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/617371.

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IL-36 gamma is a proinflamatory cytokine which belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines. It is expressed in the skin and by epithelial cells (ECs) lining lung and gut tissue. We used human 3-D organotypic cells, that recapitulate either in vivo human vaginal or cervical tissue, to explore the possible role of IL-36 gamma in host defense against pathogens in the human female reproductive tract (FRT). EC were exposed to compounds derived from virus or bacterial sources and induction and regulation of IL-36 gamma and its receptor was determined. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), flagelli
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Yamauchi, Koji. "Studies on host defense effects of bovine lactoferrin and its utilization as functional food materials." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151611.

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45

Goins, Kimberly R. "Host Defense Mechanisms in the Crayfish: the Effect of Injection with Live or Killed Bacteria." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0328103-141532/unrestricted/Goins04162003f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.<br>Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0328103-141532. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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46

Chorbadjian, Rodrigo A. "Phenotypic variation in host quality of pines for the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer)." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230736665.

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47

Sugisita, Kenichi. "Biophysical Studies on Interactions of a Host Defense Peptide, Magainin 2, with Lipid-and Bio-Membranes." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202499.

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48

Peterson, Tina Marie Loane. "Plasmodium-Induced Nitrosative Stress in Anopheles stephensi: The Cost of Host Defense." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27943.

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Both vertebrates and anopheline mosquitoes inhibit <i>Plasmodium</i> spp. (malaria parasite) development via induction of nitric oxide (â ¢NO) synthase. Expression of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> â ¢NO synthase (<i>AsNOS</i>) is induced in the midgut epithelium beginning at 6 h following a <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>-infected blood meal. â ¢NO reacts readily with other biocompounds forming a variety of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) that may impose a nitrosative stress. These RNIs are proposed to be responsible for the AsNOS-dependent inhibition of <i>Plasmodium</i> development. In my stu
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49

Gangadharan, Anju. "Characterization of defense pathways and genes involved in host-pathovar level resistance using Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas system." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1387815106.

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50

Ding, Jin Wen. "Obstructive jaundice an experimental study on host defense failure and intestinal bacterial translocation in the rat /." Lund : Dept. of Suregry, Lund University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39793417.html.

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