Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hostilidad (Psicología)'
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Menéndez, Arana María del Carmen. "Estrés agudo y características de cólera y hostilidad en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias e Ingeniería." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2010. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4758.
Full textIn the context of Stress Transactional Theory, these descriptive correlational research measures stressful life events, acute stress reaction, the state trait anger expression in regard of demographic characteristics and establish de associations between these study variables. The results of the sample of 524 university students of scientific careers from Lima showed that stressful events perceived with high intensity were academic life and economic problems. Women showed higher levels in their acute stress reactions and men tend to make higher efforts than women in order to control anger out. The global stress reaction was positively associated with global anger expression, state anger and trait anger. The following instruments were used in these research: Demographic Data File, Check list of Stressful Life Events, created for these research, Acute Stress Reactions Inventory (Valdez, 1999) and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (Spielberger, 1988). KEY WORDS: stressful life events, stress reactions, anger, hostility, university students.
Tesis
Missiaggia, Elaine. "Calidad de vida y hostilidad/cólera en pacientes con cáncer de mama con quirurgía radical y de conservación." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2731.
Full text-- The following investigation describe the relation and the contrast between hostility and anger expression with the quality of live in women with breast cancer wich had had radical and conservative surgeries. To do this investigation we had worked with a sample of utterly 70 patients, from the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital. Half of them were operated in a radical surgery and the other half in a conservative surgery. Both groups had been examinated with this two tests IMECH and EORTC-QLQ-C30, which are valid and trustful in our circle. Consequently the results were correlated. The average of the componets of the quality of live were contrasted by the t de student test finding a significant correlation between the symptons componet of the quality of live with anger expression of the radical surgery group. Also between the symptons componet of the quality of live with hostility expression. Moreover, the symptons componet correlates negatively to the control of the manifest anger and the cognitive componet of the quality of live is related to the control of the contained anger. Therefore, from the eight componets of the quality of live only two of them, symptons and cognitive, are related to two componets of hostility and anger expression. With regard to the contrast between hostility and anger expression with the quality of live we had found the following results: In quality of live exists significant statistics differences in the social and economical componet, being the radical surgery group who obtained half arithmetic higher than the conservative surgery group. Talking about the differences between the average of hostility and anger expression we only had found differences in the manifest anger, being the radical surgery group who obtained the highest half arithmetic.
Tesis
Adam, Torres Gloria. "Depresión postparto, hostilidad y hábitos de salud." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283215.
Full textNumerous studies have attempted to explain the role of hostility in the propensity to coronary disorders and its influence on health habits. Nonetheless, little research has examined the influence of hostility on the emotional disorders, with even fewer studies focusing on the impact of hostility on the transition to motherhood and the changes that it involves. This research was divided into three studies. The first study used confirmatory factor analyses with data from postpartum women to examine de psychometric properties of three previously proposed models for the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The 12-item refined model received strong overall support, showing good fit to the data and adequate internal consistency, both in depressed and healthy postpartum women. In the second study, a two-stage cross-sectional study was performed to explore the factors associated with PPD in the puerperium. In addition, a prospective cohort study was carried out to analyze the influence of hostility on the course of depressive symptomatology one-year after delivery. The results showed that hostility is associated with the onset of major postpartum depression, and also with the maintenance of depressive symptomatology at one-year follow-up. The aim of the third study was to evaluate the differences between mother with high scores on hostility and mothers with low scores on hostility in relation to health habits and the quality of life in the puerperium. Among the most hostile women was found the presence of an increased consumption of alcohol and tobacco during the postpartum, worse reproductive health habits (lower pregnancy planning, and artificial breastfeeding), and worse mental well-being. Our findings have clinical implications focused on the detection of subgroups of women with an increased vulnerability to postpartum depression in whom early intervention may be of benefit.
Siqueira, Guilherme Tavares de. "Hostilidade: uma revisão de literatura no referencial teórico junguiano." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15740.
Full textThe aim of this study was to review the literature on hostility in the Jungian theoretical context. Medical research has linked hostility to psychosomatic illnesses, self-destructive behaviour and the increase in violence. The review of knowledge on this theme would enable the health professional to perform more consciously. The review of the literature was based mainly on journals linked to the International Association of Analytical Psychology (IAAP) database and classical Jungian authors. From the material examined we concluded that there is no conceptual precision on this theme. The terms hostility, anger, aggressiveness, hatred, rage and violence are confused with each other. Different researchers sometimes use the same term with different meanings. However, despite the lack of terminological precision, there is consensus in the understanding of these phenomena. Hostility is related to illnesses resulting from disturbances in the autonomic nervous system, to an increase in violence, to attacks on the environment and to a deficiency in the person s sense of humanity. Hostility in its constructive aspect is important for creativity, interaction with the environment, expansion of consciousness and consolidation of the ego. In its destructive aspect it can be related to dysfunctions that arise prematurely on the ego-Self axis. As a product of culture, hostility is also understood to be a result of the devaluation and repression of the body and affections, values which are traditionally associated with femininity and erotic dynamics. Finally we emphasize the importance of studying hostility both on an individual level and collectively
Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre hostilidade, no referencial teórico junguiano. Pesquisas médicas têm relacionado a hostilidade a doenças psicossomáticas, comportamentos auto-destrutivos e ao aumento da violência. A revisão do conhecimento sobre o tema possibilitaria uma atuação mais consciente do profissional de saúde. A revisão da literatura foi baseada, principalmente, em revistas especializadas vinculadas à base de dados da International Association of Analythical Psychology (IAAP) e autores junguianos clássicos. Concluímos a partir do material levantado que não existe uma precisão conceitual em torno do tema. Os termos hostilidade, raiva, agressividade, ódio, ira e violência são confundidos. Pesquisadores distintos, por vezes, utilizam um mesmo termo com significados diferentes. Contudo, apesar da imprecisão terminológica, existe uma unidade na compreensão destes fenômenos. A hostilidade está relacionada a doenças decorrentes de alterações no sistema nervoso autônomo, aumento da violência, agressões ao meio-ambiente e a um senso de humanidade pouco intenso. A hostilidade em seu aspecto construtivo é importante para a criatividade, interação com o meio-ambiente, amplificação da consciência e consolidação do ego. No seu aspecto destrutivo pode estar relacionada a disfunções que se instalam precocemente no eixo ego-Si-mesmo. Como produto da cultura, a hostilidade também é entendida como conseqüência da desvalorização e repressão do corpo e dos afetos, valores tradicionalmente associados ao feminino e a dinâmica erótica. Por fim, destacamos a importância de se estudar a hostilidade tanto no nível individual como coletivamente
Guerrero, Rodríguez Cristina. "Metodología en Psicofisiología Cardiovascular: Procedimiento Alternativo para la Medición de la Reactividad y su relación con la Hostilidad Defensiva." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10507.
Full textAguiar, Janaina Marques de. "Violência institucional em maternidades públicas: hostilidade ao invés de acolhimento como uma questão de gênero." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-21062010-175305/.
Full textInstitutional violence in maternity facilities is the subject of study in several countries. Researches show that besides economic and structural difficulties, which are frequent in state-run facilities, there are, underlying the abuse experienced by patients, socio-cultural aspects related to a discriminatory practice towards gender, social class and ethnicity. The hypothesis of this work is that institutional violence in maternity facilities is essentially a gender-based violence which, guided by stereotypical cultural meanings of devaluation and subjugation of woman, discriminates her by her gender condition and takes her as object of others actions. This violence is expressed particularly in the context of the confidence crisis that contemporaneous medical technology engenders, with the weakening of bonds and interactions between professionals and patient. The objective of this study was to investigate how and why the institutional violence occurs in state-run maternity facilities in the Brazilian context. The work was carried out through qualitative research with 21 semi-structured interviews with birthing women treated at state-run maternity facilities in city of São Paulo and 18 interviews with health professionals working in different facilities in São Paulo and adjacent cities. The analysis of the material sought reports of institutional violence in the statements of the people interviewed and the values and opinions associated to them. The data showed that both birthing women and professionals interviewed acknowledge discriminatory practices and rude treatment in the state-run maternity facilities to such a degree that it is often expected by patients to suffer some kind of mistreatment. Structural difficulties, personal and professional education, and even the impunity of such acts were identified as causes of institutional violence. The reports also showed a trivialization of institutional violence through the use of moralistic and discriminatory jargon, used in jokes by professionals; through the use of threats as a way to persuade the patient and through the idea of naturalization of labor pain as the price to be paid to become a mother. We believe that the trivialization of violence points to the trivialization of injustice and suffering of others as a social phenomenon that affects the whole society, to the weakening of the ties of personal interaction between professionals and patients and for the crystallization of stereotypes of class and gender that reflect in the care for these patients, besides contributing to the invisibility of violence as a theme for reflection and institutional control
Pinho, Luiz Fernando Sempionato Vieira. "A AGRESSIVIDADE E OS CONFLITOS NAS BRINCADEIRAS ENTRE CRIANÇAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE RISCO SOCIAL." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2004. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1891.
Full textChildren in social and personal risky conditions are exposed to a number of stressful factors that theoretically increase their predisposition to aggressive behavior. This study focused a group of such children, from five to eight years of age, in a daily care center located in the periphery of Goiânia, and was conducted between April and December of 2003. Sixteen subcategories of physical aggression, eight of threat, seven of submission, and one of stealing were identified during a pilot study. The all occurrences sampling method was used for the systematic data collection, conducted from September to November of 2003. For each episode of agonistic interaction it was noted the identity of parties, the first subcategory emitted by the initiator of the episode, and the last subcategory emitted by the receptor. Biometrics measurements and questionnaires about the socioeconomic situation of each subject were conducted in December of 2003. Four hundred and ninety nine agonistic interactions were registered during 38 sessions of systematic data collection (1740 minutes of sampling). Some patterns were similar to those found in previous studies with children living in better socioeconomic context, such as a higher frequency of occurrence and a larger proportion of physical aggression in episodes involving male subjects, and a larger proportion of verbal threat in episodes involving older female subjects. On the other hand, some data suggest specific strategies that result from stressful factors, such as the very high frequency of episodes involving physical aggression, and a high frequency of episodes on Monday. Subjects with additional problems at home (hunger, alcoholism, aggression) initiated more episodes than other subjects, although the proportion of physical aggression were not significantly higher. We discuss the importance of specific strategies to the preparation of children in social and personal risky conditions for their micro and macroculture.
Crianças em situação de risco são expostas diariamente a uma série de fatores estressantes que teoricamente aumentam sua pré-disposição para comportamentos agressivos, inclusive durante atividades lúdicas. Este estudo focou um grupo de crianças em situação de risco social e pessoal, de seis a oito anos de idade, de uma creche na periferia de Goiânia, e foi realizado entre abril e dezembro de 2003. Dezesseis subcategorias de agressão física, oito de ameaças, sete de submissão e uma de tomar objeto foram identificadas durante um estudo piloto. Para coleta sistemática dos dados, realizada entre setembro e novembro de 2003, utilizou-se o método de todas as ocorrências. Para cada episódio de interação agonística observada registrava-se a identidade dos envolvidos, a primeira subcategoria emitida pelo iniciador do episódio, e a última subcategoria emitida pelo receptor. Quatrocentas e noventa e uma interações agonísticas foram registradas durante 38 sessões de coleta sistemática (1740 minutos de amostragem). Medições biométricas, e questionários sobre as condições sócio-econômicas de cada sujeito foram realizados em dezembro de 2003. Alguns padrões encontrados são semelhantes aos de crianças que não se encontram em situação de risco, como uma maior freqüência de ocorrência e uma maior proporção de subcategorias de agressão física em episódios envolvendo sujeitos do sexo masculino, e uma proporção maior de subcategorias de ameaça verbal envolvendo meninas mais velhas. Por outro lado, alguns dados parecem indicar estratégias diferenciadas resultantes de fatores estressantes, como por exemplo uma altíssima freqüência de episódios envolvendo agressão física, e uma alta freqüência de episódios nas segundas-feiras. Sujeitos com problemas adicionais em casa (fome, álcool, agressividade) iniciaram mais episódios do que os demais sujeitos, embora as proporções de agressões físicas não fossem significativamente diferentes. Discutese a importância destas estratégias diferenciadas para a preparação de crianças em situação de risco para sua micro e macrocultura.
Grosso, Jessica Guerreiro. "Esquemas precoces mal-adaptativos como preditores da hostilidade em violadores." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7568.
Full textIncessantemente, o Homem depara-se com situações que o tornam vulnerável, e consequentemente, determinam os seus comportamentos. Assim, o ato de violação também poderá ser resultado de uma situação de vulnerabilidade, onde imperam os fatores psicológicos (raiva e hostilidade). Estes fatores de ordem emocional são frequentemente moldados pela estrutura esquemática do sujeito, ou seja, a percepção que ele tem de si, do mundo e dos outros. Pelo que, surgiu a necessidade de compreender quais os esquemas disfuncionais passíveis de despoletar a hostilidade em violadores. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar o impacto dos Esquemas Precoces Mal-Adaptativos (EPM’s) na hostilidade em violadores. A amostra foi composta por homens condenados por crime de violação (N=53), com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e 58 (M = 34; DP = 9.16). Os resultados demonstraram que o esquema com maior poder preditivo na hostilidade em violadores é o Pessimismo, que corresponde ao domínio Supervigilância e Inibição. Contudo, existem outros dois esquemas (Autocontrolo e Subjugação) de domínios distintos que também explicam a hostilidade em violadores, embora a percentagem de variância seja menor, quando comparada como a estrutura esquemática Pessimismo. Posto isto, seria relevante intervir pela via da Terapia Focada nos Esquemas(TFE) nas estruturas esquemáticas, paraminimizar os níveis dehostilidade em violadores.
Unceasingly, people are faced with situations making them vulnerable and determining their behavior. Therefore, the act of raping may also be the result of a vulnerable situation, where the psychological factors prevail (anger and hostility). These emotional factors are often shaped by the subject schematic structures, which relate to the perception that he has about himself, the world and the others. So, there is a need to understand which dysfunctional schemes are able to trigger hostility in rapists. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early maladaptive schemas in the hostility of rapists. The sample consisted in men convicted of rape crime (N = 53), aged between 20 and 58 (M = 34; DP = 9.16). The results showed that the scheme with higher predictive power in rapists’ hostility was Pessimism. However, there are two schemes (self-control and subjugation) that also explain the hostility, although the percentage of variance was smaller, when comparing with the pessimism schematic structure. That said, it would be relevant to intervene by using schema therapy in the schematic structures to minimize the levels of hostility in rapists.
Luz, Susana. "Prevalência da hostilidade masculina dirigida às mulheres." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6252.
Full textEste estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar a prevalência e distribuição da Hostilidade Masculina Dirigida às Mulheres, assim como compreender quais as características subjacentes à sua manifestação. O processo de amostragem realizado foi o não probabilístico, de conveniência e intencional tipo snowball. A escala da Hostility Towards Women (Hostilidade Dirigida às Mulheres - HDM) (Check, 1984) foi administrada a 479 sujeitos do género masculino. A escala da HDM revelou possuir uma boa Consistência interna. Através de uma análise correlacional, foi testada a incidência da HDM entre os participantes, e a relação entre a HDM e as seguintes variáveis: idade, nacionalidade, tipo de local de residência, habilitações académicas, estado civil e rendimento anual. Os resultados revelaram que 316 (66%) dos participantes possuíam HDM elevada. A idade revelou ter uma associação positiva com o nível de HDM. Os participantes Não Portugueses revelaram possuir um nível de HDM mais elevado do que os participantes Portugueses. O nível de escolaridade revelou um efeito no nível de HDM, tendo sido os participantes com grau de mestrado os que revelaram níveis mais baixos de HDM. Os participantes solteiros ou em união de facto revelaram possuir um nível de HDM menos elevado do que os participantes casados ou divorciados. Os participantes com um rendimento anual até 10 000 euros foram os que revelaram HDM mais baixo. Estas descobertas ajudam a compreender a prevalência e distribuição da HDM e podem contribuir para ampliar a pesquisa e os esforços que visam a sua prevenção e redução.
ABSTRACT: The essential aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of male Hostility Toward Women (HTW), as well as to understand the characteristics underlying its manifestation. The sampling process used was non-probabilistic, convenience-based and snowball-type. The HTW scale (Check, 1985) was administered to 479 male subjects, aged between 21-66, of whom 328 (68.5%) were Portuguese nationals and 151 (31.5%) were foreigners. The HTW scale revealed good internal consistency. Using correlational analyses, we tested the incidence of HTW among participants, as well as the association between HTW and the following variables: age, nationality, location of residence, education, marital status, and annual income. The results revealed that among participants, 316 (66%) had high HTW. Age was found to be positively associated with HTW. Non-Portuguese participants showed a higher level of HTW than Portuguese participants. The level of schooling showed an effect on the HTW level, and the participants with master´s degree showed lower levels of HDM. Single or union participants were found to have lower levels of HTW than married or divorced participants. The participants with an annual income of up to € 10,000 were the ones who showed lower HTW. These findings help to understand the prevalence and distribution of HTW, and may contribute to further research and efforts to prevent and reduce it.
Ribeiro, Cristina Maria Correia. "Estudo da Relação entre Comportamento Agressivo, Hostilidade, Personalidade e Indicadores de Saúde Cardiovascular." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/7982.
Full textThe present dissertation is part of a more comprehensive project: "Research in Human Behavior and Biomedicine", whose general objective is to study the relationship between multiple psychological variables and multiple biomedical indicators. The research developed within the scope of this dissertation has as its primary and more specific focus the study of the relationship between aggressive behavior, hostility, personality and blood pressure. For this, at the theoretical-conceptual level, a review of the literature was made, based on scientific references, which allowed the definition and delimitation of concepts, as well as the establishment of relations among them, in order to reach a more organized theoretical vision. Given the growing interest and pertinence of the topic, the empirical objectives are centered in the study of the association between the psychological variables, the influence of the personality on the variables of the Hostility and aggressive behavior and the differences in the psychological variables in function of the blood pressure levels. To reach the objectives related to the empirical component, a quantitative and cross-sectional study was carried out. The data were collected through the response to a research protocol that includes a sociodemographic questionnaire, a part concerning the biophysiological measures and a part composed by several instruments, being that for this investigation specifically considered the answers regarding the Aggressive Behavior Scale, The Brief Symptom Inventory and the 44-item Big Five Inventory version. Among the results obtained with the sample considered, we stand out the differences between hostility and aggressive behavior according to gender, the influence of the dimensions of kindness, conscientiousness and neuroticism as predictors of hostility, of the dimensions of kindness and openness To the experience as predictors of the indicator of physical aggression and of the dimensions of kindness and neuroticism as predictors of the rabies indicator. Differences in aggressive behavior and personality in function of blood pressure levels are also highlighted.
Bartolomeu, Sara Beatriz Ferreira. "Quando o amor se transforma em hostilidade: fatores associados ao conflito coparental pósdivórcio." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68668.
Full textO fim da relação conjugal não significa o fim da relação coparental. A coparentalidade, enquanto exercício conjunto das responsabilidades parentais, assume-se como uma das tarefas mais exigentes do pós-divórcio, especialmente quando pautada por um conflito intenso e reiterado. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar que características individuais, relacionais e familiares estão relacionadas com o conflito coparental pós-divórcio e a sua intensificação. Realizado online e de design transversal, contou com 196 participantes, 127 mães e 69 pais, com uma idade média de 42 anos. Destes, 133 reportaram estar em conflito. Realizadas comparações entre os grupos com e sem conflito, percebemos que estes diferem principalmente no ajustamento ao divórcio, estilo da relação coparental e modo de separação. Paralelamente, os principais preditores de maior nível de conflito coparental pós-divórcio, incluindo a sua judicialização, são o papel parental de pai, pior ajustamento ao divórcio, estilos de relação coparental conflituoso e desinvestido e modo de separação sem consentimento mútuo. Assim, concluímos que são as características individuais e relacionais que têm mais peso para o nível de conflito relatado. Numa área de conhecimento tão lacunar, são discutidas as importantes implicações práticas deste estudo, bem como sugeridas futuras linhas de investigação.
The end of the marital relationship does not mean the end of the coparental relationship. As a joint exercise of parental responsibilities, coparenthood is one of the most demanding tasks of postdivorce, especially when marked by intense and repeated conflict. The aim of this study is to identify which individual, relational and family characteristics are related with post-divorce coparental conflict and its intensification. Conducted online and with a cross-sectional design, it had 196 participants, 127 mothers and 69 fathers, with an average age of 42 years. Of these, 133 reported being in conflict. Comparisons between groups with and without conflict were made, concluding that they differed mainly in the adjustment to divorce, style of coparental relationship and separation mode. Furthermore, the main predictors of the highest level of post-divorce coparental conflict, including their judicialisation, are the father parental role, a worse adjustment to divorce, conflicting and disinvested coparental relationship styles, and separation without mutual consent. Thus, we conclude that it’s the individual and relational characteristics that carry most weight for the reported level of conflict. In such a scarse area of knowledge, the important practical implications of this study are discussed, as well as future lines of research suggested.
Neves, Maria Teresa de Jesus. "Os portugueses e o acolhimento de refugiados: privação relativa e hostilidade intergrupal." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12619.
Full textRelative group deprivation has been studied as a predictor of negative intergroup attitudes, as well as, of supporting nationalist and anti-immigration protests and policies. The current work examines the relation between relative group deprivation of Portuguese and their attitudes toward refugees. Specifically, extending the existent literature on the negative effects of relative deprivation, we explored new underlying mechanisms (i.e., negative impact beliefs, dehumanization, and collective angst) through which relative group deprivation is associated with negative intergroup attitudes. Participants (N = 363) completed a survey. Results showed that, as expected, Portuguese who felt deprived relative to other European citizens revealed more negative attitudes toward refugees (i.e., modern racism, social distance, and support for restrictive hosting policies). Specifically, higher levels of group deprivation were associated with higher endorsement of beliefs about the negative impact of refugees and higher dehumanization (i.e., denial of human nature), which were then associated to a higher desire of social distance toward refugees, higher modern racism, and support for policies that constrain their access to social benefits. These results extend the existent research, namely by demonstrating that feeling deprived relative to an outgroup can have an extend impact on intergroup relations, triggering negative attitudes towards a different outgroup that is not directly related to the deprivation source. Contrary to the expected, this relation was not particularly stronger for individuals high on collective narcissism.
PsycINFO Codes: 3000 Psicologia Social; 3020 Processos Grupais & Interpessoais
Ferreira, Ana Sofia Machado Alves. "O papel da personalidade no comportamento agressivo : da teoria à avaliação." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5099.
Full textTendo como ponto de partida uma revisão de literatura sobre os conceitos de ira, hostilidade e agressão, foram analisados diferentes modelos explicativos do comportamento agressivo onde estes conceitos surgem parcial ou totalmente reflectidos. Tais modelos dão conta de uma teia complexa de interacções de factores ambientais e pessoais, entre os quais a personalidade, como potencialmente responsável pela ocorrência de comportamentos agressivos. O presente estudo foi delineado no sentido de identificar dimensões da personalidade que podem estar na origem da predisposição para actuar agressivamente, numa amostra de agentes das forças policiais, através do MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2). Este instrumento disponibiliza diversos indicadores associados ao comportamento agressivo e tem sido frequentemente utilizado na avaliação psicológica de agentes das forças policiais. A partir dos resultados observados foi possível utilizar o Índice de Bom Polícia/Mau Polícia (Blau, Super & Brady, 1993), na análise exploratória de um conjunto de nove casos seleccionados a partir de uma base de dados de avaliação psicológica de polícias. A análise estrutural dos perfis do MMPI-2 permitiu a identificação de tipos diferenciados de perfis, com diferentes probabilidades de incorrerem em manifestações de comportamento agressivo.
Having its starting point on a review of literature regarding the concepts of anger, hostility and aggression, distinct explicative models of aggressive behavior, in which the above concepts are partially or fully reflected, have been analyzed. These models reveal a plethora of complex interactions between environmental and personal factors, among which personality appears as potentially responsible for the occurrence of aggressive behavior. The present study was designed in a way to identify dimensions of personality, which lie beneath a predisposition to behave aggressively, in a sample of police officers, by using MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2). This instrument delivers several indicators associated with aggressiveness and has been recurrently used in the psychological assessment of police officers. Based on the observed results an index of Good Cop/Bad Cop (Blau, Super & Brady, 1993) was used, in an exploratory analysis of nine cases selected from a dataset of psychological assessment of police officers. The structural analysis of the MMPI-2 profiles allowed us to identify differentiated scale configurations, with different probabilities of engaging in manifestations of aggressive behavior.
Fugas, Carla Maria Araújo Fernandes dos Santos Fernandes. "O papel do pensamento construtivo na adaptação psicológica aos riscos psicossociais." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/37049.
Full textOs resultados do 5.º Inquérito Europeu das Condições de Trabalho (Eurofound, 2012) revelaram que um em cada cinco trabalhadores europeus reportaram baixo bem-estar psicológico. Estas estimativas e as suas consequências mostram que o local de trabalho é um contexto social importante para abordar os problemas de saúde mental e promover a saúde e bem-estar psicológico. Nos últimos anos, aumentou a preocupação dos diversos países com a prevenção dos riscos psicossociais devido ao reconhecimento do seu impacto na saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores, nomeadamente através da introdução de medidas legislativas que obrigam os empregadores a realizar a identificação de riscos previsíveis. A natureza dos riscos psicossociais é complexa e cobre três aspetos dimensionais relacionados com os trabalhadores, o ambiente de trabalho e o trabalho em si mesmo e que afetam a saúde das pessoas, através de processos psicológicos e fisiológicos. Neste âmbito, a exposição aos comportamentos ofensivos no trabalho pode assumir consequências profundamente negativas para a saúde e bem estar dos trabalhadores. Tendo como enquadramento teórico o modelo de exigências-recursos no trabalho (modelo JDR; e.g., Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001) e a Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory (CEST; e.g., Epstein, 1973) este estudo teve por objetivo (1) identificar os riscos psicossociais presentes no ambiente de trabalho de forma a ser possível preveni-los e propor medidas de intervenção à organização estudada; (2) relacionar os riscos psicossociais com os sintomas psicopatológicos e o absentismo; (3) analisar em que medida é que o pensamento construtivo pode moderar o impacto dos riscos psicossociais nos sintomas psicopatológicos. Participaram neste estudo 233 trabalhadores expostos a diferentes riscos psicossociais, nomeadamente trabalho por turnos e contacto com o cliente. Os resultados mostram que o impacto da exposição aos comportamentos ofensivos na hostilidade aumenta quando os participantes apresentam pensamento polarizado, desconfiança dos outros e pensamento supersticioso e diminui na ausência de preocupação. Pode-se concluir que o pensamento construtivo tem o potencial de influenciar a adaptação psicológica das pessoas aos riscos profissionais a que estão expostas na medida em que promove a empatia e a criatividade e boas relações interpessoais. Assim, o pensamento construtivo pode ser visto como um recurso pessoal que torna a pessoa mais funcional nas suas interações com o cliente, protegendo-a dos custos físicos e psicológicos que estas interações podem envolver. São discutidas as implicações teóricas e práticas deste estudo, as suas limitações e estudos futuros.
The results of the 5th European Working Conditions Survey (Eurofound, 2012) revealed that one in five European workers reported low psychological well-being. These issues and their consequences show that the workplace is an important social context to approach mental health problems and to promote health and psychological well-being. In recent years, there has been an increasing concern among countries to prevent psychosocial risks by recognizing their impact on workers’ health and safety, notably by introducing legislation requiring employers to identify predictable risks. The nature of psychosocial risks is complex and covers three-dimensional aspects related to workers, the work environment and work itself and affecting the health of individuals through psychological and physiological processes. In this context, exposure to offensive behavior at work can have profoundly negative consequences for the workers’ health and well-being. Having as a theoretical framework the job demands-resources model (model JD-R, e.g., Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001) and the Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory (CEST, e.g., Epstein, 1973) this study aimed to (1) identify the psychosocial risks present in the work environment in order to be able to prevent them and propose intervention measures to the organization under study; (2) relate psychosocial risks to psychopathological symptoms and absenteeism; (3) analyze the extent to which constructive thinking can moderate the impact of psychosocial risks on psychopathological symptoms. Participants were 233 workers exposed to different psychosocial risks, namely shift work and contact with the client. The results show that the impact of exposure to offensive behavior in hostility increases when participants present polarized thinking, distrust of others, and superstitious thinking, and decreases in the absence of concern. In conclusion, constructive thinking has the potential to influence the psychological adaptation of individuals to the occupational risks to which they are exposed insofar as it promotes empathy and creativity and good interpersonal relationships. Thus, constructive thinking can be seen as a personal resource that makes the person more functional in their interactions with the client, protecting it from the physical and psychological costs that these interactions may involve. The theoretical and practical implications of this study, its limitations, and future studies are discussed.
Farinha, Ana Sofia da Silva Baltazar. "Pensamentos automáticos, esperança e satisfação com a vida de crianças e adolescentes em acompanhamento psicológico." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29476.
Full textA presente monografia pretende alargar a investigação com crianças e adolescentes, permitindo recolher informação sobre fatores associados ao desenvolvimento e manutenção de perturbações psicológicas. Foca-se em três variáveis: Pensamentos Automáticos, Esperança e Satisfação com a Vida, com o objetivo de: a) analisar a relação entre o conteúdo dos Pensamentos Automáticos, a Esperança e a Satisfação com a Vida; b) analisar diferenças nos Pensamentos Automáticos, Esperança e Satisfação com a Vida entre os sexos; e c) explorar a relação entre Pensamentos Automáticos, Esperança e Satisfação com a Vida e o tipo de perturbação (internalizante ou externalizante). Os dados foram recolhidos de uma amostra clínica de 21 participantes entre os 9 e os 17 anos. Foram aplicados três instrumentos de medida - Children’s Automatic Thoughts Scale-Negative/Positive (CATS – N/P), Escala de Esperança para Crianças (EEC) e Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (ESV) – em contexto de consulta de psicologia, pelos estagiários do núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa da Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa. Os resultados sugerem que crianças e jovens que possuem mais pensamentos negativos sobre si se sentem também mais ameaçados física e socialmente e se sentem menos satisfeitos com a sua vida. Por sua vez, os pacientes que apresentam mais pensamentos de Hostilidade possuem mais Pensamentos Positivos, estando estes pensamentos de Hostilidade e Pensamentos Positivos relacionados com níveis mais elevados de Esperança. Foram também encontradas diferenças entre sexos e entre perturbações, sendo que tantos os rapazes como as crianças e adolescentes com perturbações de externalização apresentam mais Pensamentos Positivos e níveis mais elevados de Esperança.
The present monograph aims to expand the research with children and adolescents, allowing the gathering of information on factors associated with the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. It’s focused on three variables: Automatic Thoughts, Hope and Satisfaction with Life, in order to: a) analyse the relations between the content of Automatic Thoughts, Hope and Satisfaction with Life; b) analyse differences in the Automatic Thoughts, Hope and Satisfaction with Life between genders; and c) explore the relations between Automatic Thoughts, Hope and Satisfaction with Life and the type of disturbance (internalizing or externalizing). The data was collected from a clinical sample of 21 participants aged between 9 and 17 years old. Three measuring instruments were applied - Children's Automatic Thoughts Scale- Negative/Positive (CATS - N/P), Hope Scale for Children (EEC) and Life Satisfaction Scale (ESV) – in the context of psychology consultations, done by the trainees of Cognitive-Behavioural and Integrative Psychotherapy of the Psychology Faculty of the Lisbon University. The results suggest that children and young people who possess more negative thoughts about themselves also feel more physically and socially threatened and feel less satisfied with their life. In turn, patients who present more Hostility thoughts have more Positive Thoughts, being these Hostility and Positive Thoughts related to higher Hope levels. There were also found differences between genders and between disorders, seeing that both boys and, children and adolescents with externalizing disorders, have more Positive Thoughts and higher Hope levels.
Pinto, Maria Madalena Pestana. "Relação entre a Satisfação com a Vida e a Agressão." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10494.
Full textThis study, developed within the Project V360º - Interpersonal Violence, Volunteering and Psychological Wellbeing in Youth, it’s focused on the relationship between life satisfaction and aggression in college students. Given the importance that these variables assume in the lives of young people, we established as a goal of this study the use of an exploratory approach to the possible relationship between them. It was also possible to compare these variables with some sociodemographic variables, such as gender and age. The number of participants was 174, being 77% men (134) and 23% women (40), with ages between 18 and 24 years, with a mean of 20.56. The instruments used for the data collection were the portuguese version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) of Simões (1992) and the portuguese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) of Cunha e Gonçalves (2012), along with a sociodemographic questionnaire, that was used to describe the participants. From the obtained results in this study about life satisfaction, it is important to point out the differences between genders, with women having a slightly higher life satisfaction than men. However, regarding the aggression variable, no significant differences were found between genders. We highlight the existence of a statistically significant relationship between life satisfaction and aggression, which means that young people with a higher level of life satisfaction show a lower level of aggressiveness, so the variables express a negative correlation between them.