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Journal articles on the topic 'Hot and arid climate'
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Ojaghlou, Morteza, and Mehdi Khakzand. "Comparative Study of Form and Features of Courtyards in Terms of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Two Contrasting Climates of Iran." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n2p112.
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Courtyards as a traditional strategy were used to create a suitable microclimate for dwellers, but in contemporary architecture, inadequate knowledge of form and features of courtyards makes them deficient. This study presents practical solutions reaching optimal form and features of courtyards based on the traditional architecture of two contrasting climates of Iran. The ENVI-met.4 model was used for simulating the area percentage, water and vegetation level in a very cold climate of Ardabil and Hot-arid climate of Yazd. The simulated atmospheric parameters were imported to the Rayman1.2 to calculate PET thermal index. As the first step, 10% of the total area was advised to be considered a courtyard area for Yazd hot-arid climate, and 60% of the total area was recommended in a very cold climate of Ardabil. Next, the ratio of the water area to the total area of courtyards was simulated and the results advice, 0% of the courtyard to be considered a water area of Ardabil and 10% of the courtyard of Yazd is an optimum choice in hot-arid climate. In the final step, 20% of courtyards recommended the best condition of tree coverage in both climates. By these guidelines, designers can create a more adaptive architecture to the local climate.
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Kherrour, Sofiane, Rida Zarrit, Mohamed Lebbi, et al. "Energy consumption estimation for a dome greenhouse under different climatic conditions in Algeria." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2024): e11977. https://doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n2-739.
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The ongoing work focuses on studying the dome greenhouse to maintain a suitable temperature for crop environments throughout their growth period by using renewable energy sources to increase the required heat or cool down in cases of extreme heat. To this end, we have studied the effect of the different climates that Algeria has on the amount of energy required by the dome greenhouse to maintain favorable temperatures for crops, utilizing the EnergyPlus simulation tool. The results reveal that the total annual energy delivered to the dome greenhouse reaches its highest value of 14,931.68 kWh in a humid subtropical climate (Tebessa), while its lowest value is 10,396.68 kWh in a hot semi-arid climate (South of Oran). In contrast, to maintain suitable temperatures for growing most crops, the cooling energy (both sensible and latent) provided to the greenhouse in the hot desert climate (Ghardaïa) reached a high percentage of 63.24% of the total annual energy supplied. Meanwhile, the humid subtropical climate has the highest total heating energy at 69.4%. Also, the total cooling energy and total heating energy in the cold semi-arid climate regions (Saida) and the cold desert climate regions (Mecheria) reached 37.35%, 62.65%, and 34.39%, 65.61%, respectively. These percentages are also quite close in both the Mediterranean climate with a hot summer (Algeria) and the hot semi-arid climate. This analysis will provide critical insights into effective greenhouse management strategies tailored to Algeria's diverse environmental contexts, ultimately promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
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An, Li, Haiyan Yan, and Xingyi Chen. "Study on wind environment of semi-open space in hot-arid and hot-humid climate zones in rural areas." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 04030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235604030.
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To explore the coupling effect of open space temperature and air velocity in hot-arid and hot-humid climate regions in rural China, 1690 valid data were obtained by long-term field tests and questionnaires were carried out in hot-arid and hot-humid regions. Results indicated that when the operative temperature is below 33.5 °C, the mean thermal sensation decreases with the increase of air velocity in the hot-humid region. When the operative temperature rose to greater than 33.5 °C, the mean thermal sensation could be significantly reduced only when the air velocity is over 1.0 m/s. However, increasing air velocity in hot-arid regions can significantly improve the thermal sensation. In addition, residents in hot-humid regions were more willing to increase airflow than those in hot-arid regions. These results support the theory of climate adaptation and can provide a reference for the design of semi-open space buildings in rural regions.
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Sahnoune, Sara, and Nassira Benhassine. "WINTER THERMAL COMFORT OF A TYPICAL COURTYARD GEOMETRY IN A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE." Journal of Green Building 18, no. 1 (2023): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.1.95.
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ABSTRACT The courtyard is an ancient outdoor design space surrounded by walls or buildings, acting as a microclimate modifier in hot-dry climates. This is related to its geometry, such as high proportions of height-to-width (H/W) and north-south (NS) orientation by providing shade and decreasing heat stress on hot summer days. However, its effect during winter still needs to be discussed, especially in hot summer and cold winter conditions (such as in semi-arid climates). This research studies the winter thermal comfort of a typical courtyard geometry suitable for hot summer conditions in a semi-arid climate. A literature review supports the identification of typical courtyard geometry addressed for hot summer conditions. Then, field measurements of the external surface temperature of courtyard interior orientations, microclimatic variables, and the Predicted Mean Votes (PMV) of occupants inside the courtyard were performed. The results indicate high correlations between PMV and courtyard interior orientations with the H/W ratio regarding cold stress. Thus, north-east and South-East orientations and H/W ratio less than (< 0.8) are recommended for better winter environmental conditions in semi-arid climates.
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Karanisa, Theodora, Alexandre Amato, Renee Richer, Sara Abdul Majid, Cynthia Skelhorn, and Sami Sayadi. "Agricultural Production in Qatar’s Hot Arid Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074059.
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Agriculture has played an essential role in the provision of food and has been a major factor in overall economic development for societies around the world for millennia. In the past, agriculture in hot, arid countries like Qatar faced many challenges, the primary one being a dearth of water for irrigation. Historically this severely limited Qatar’s economic development, which was based largely on resource exploitation, pearl fishing, and only more recently, on the exploitation of its oil and gas reserves which subsequently has led to Qatar’s great wealth. This paper gives an overview of the recent evolution of Qatar’s agricultural sector and investigates future trends that tackle the challenges of its hot arid climate and the limited availability of agricultural resources. Specifically, the review analyses Qatar’s potential to develop a national food security strategy based on a significant expansion of food production in the country. We review recent policy actions implemented to address challenges in the food supply chain caused by a 3.5-year blockade imposed by the adjacent Arab Gulf States, discussing the renewed interest in the potential that an enhanced agricultural sector must provide some aspects of food security and the implications for policymakers that would logically ensue.
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Rizayev, Bakhodir, Umarov Isroil, and Nuriddinov Jasurbek. "Temperature deformation calculation of reinforced concrete parts in hot and dry climates." BIO Web of Conferences 105 (2024): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410501026.
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This paper presents a study on the temperature deformations of reinforced concrete elements in Uzbekistan’s arid and hot climate. The calculation of axis length and curvature for long-term alternating heating and cooling is essential for concrete and reinforced concrete elements in these conditions. The study’s findings can help engineers and construction professionals accurately calculate temperature changes in reinforced concrete elements in arid and hot climates, minimizing the risk of damage and reducing maintenance costs.
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Rajput, Pramod, Maria Malvoni, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, O. S. Sastry, and Arunkumar Jayakumar. "Operational Performance and Degradation Influenced Life Cycle Environmental–Economic Metrics of mc-Si, a-Si and HIT Photovoltaic Arrays in Hot Semi-arid Climates." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (2020): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031075.
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Life cycle metrics evolution specific to the climate zone of photovoltaic (PV) operation would give detailed insights on the environmental and economic performance. At present, vast literature is available on the PV life cycle metrics where only the output energies ignoring the degradation rate (DR) influence. In this study, the environ-economic analysis of three PV technologies, namely, multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and hetero-junction with an intrinsic thin layer (HIT) have been carried out in identical environmental conditions. The energy performance parameters and the DR rate of three PV technologies are evaluated based on the monitored real time data from the installation site in hot semi-arid climates. The assessment demonstrates that the HIT PV module technology exhibits more suitable results compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV systems in hot semi-arid climatic conditions of India. Moreover, energy metrices which includes energy payback time (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF) and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of the HIT technologies are found to be 1.0, 24.93 and 0.15 years, respectively. HIT PV system has higher potential to mitigate the CO2 and carbon credit earned compared to mc-Si and a-Si PV system under hot semi-arid climate. However, the annualized uniform cost (UAC) for mc-Si (3.60 Rs/kWh) and a-Si (3.40 Rs/kWh) are more admissible in relation to the HIT (6.63 Rs/kWh) PV module type. We conclude that the approach of considering DR influenced life cycle metrics over the traditional approach can support to identify suitable locations for specific PV technology.
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Mofidi, S. Majid, and Mahsa M. Ghazi-Jahani. "Vernacular Daylighting for Hot-arid Climates: A Response to Climate Change." International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses 3, no. 3 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-7156/cgp/v03i03/37126.
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Tuluxun, Nurimaimaiti, Saierjiang Halike, Hao Liu, Buerlan Yelaixi, and Kapulanbayi Ailaitijiang. "Climate Adaptation of Folk House Envelopes in Xinjiang Arid Region: Evaluation and Multi-Objective Optimization from Historical to Future Climates." Buildings 15, no. 8 (2025): 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081240.
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Under intensifying global warming and extreme climate events, the climate adaptability of folk houses in Xinjiang’s arid regions faces critical challenges. However, existing studies predominantly focus on traditional folk houses under current climate conditions, neglecting modern material hybrids and long-term performance under future warming scenarios. This study develops a data-driven framework to assess and enhance building envelope performance across historical-to-future climate conditions (2007–2021 TMY data, 2024 observations, and 2050/2080 SSP3–7.0 projections) using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method and NSGA-II algorithm. Analyzing rammed earth, brick–wood, and brick–concrete folk houses in Kashgar, Hotan, Kuqa, and Turpan, the optimization targets thermal discomfort hours (TDHs), heating energy consumption (HEC), and net present value (NPV). The results demonstrate optimized solutions achieve 30–60 year climate resilience, reducing HEC by 51.54–84.76% (43.02–125.78 kW·h/m2·a) compared to baseline buildings, TDH by 15–52.93% (301–1236 h) in arid Zone A and by 5.54–10.8% (208–352 h) in the extreme hot-arid Zone B (Turpan), and NPV values by CNY 31,000–85,000. Rammed earth constructions demonstrate superior performance in Zone A, while brick–concrete exhibits optimal extreme hot-arid adaptability, and brick–wood requires prioritized retrofitting. The findings advocate revising China’s design standards to address concurrent winter overcooling and summer overheating risks under future warming. This work establishes a climate-resilient optimization paradigm for arid-region folk houses, advancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort.
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H. HAFTOM, A. HAFTU, K. GOITOM, and H. MESERET. "Agroclimatic zonation of Tigray region of Ethiopia based on aridity index and traditional agro-climatic zones." Journal of Agrometeorology 21, no. 2 (2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v21i2.229.
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The aim of this study was to identify the agroclimatic zones of Tigray region based on aridity index and traditional agroclimatic zone using 37-year (1981-2017) spatial climate data downloaded for Tigray region from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) for rainfall and from Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) data for temperature. Arc map 10.3 was used for mapping of all climatic variables and zonation of agro-climatic zones. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) was computed based on Hargreaves formula and the aridity index was computed. Besides, the digital elevation model was downloaded from ASTER data. The aridity map of Tigray divided into three index zones (0.03-0.2, 0.2–0.5 and 0.5–0.65) and five traditional agro-climate zones (<1500,1500-2000,2000- 2500, 2500-3000, >3000 m.a.s.l.) were overlaid, which divided entire region of Tigray into fifteen agroclimatic zones. Hot semi-arid, warm semi-arid, tepid semi-arid and hot arid were the dominant zones in the region.
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Ma, Yu-Jun, Fang-Zhong Shi, Xia Hu, and Xiao-Yan Li. "Climatic Constraints to Monthly Vegetation Dynamics in Desert Areas Over the Silk Road Economic Belt." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (2021): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050995.
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The sustainability of vulnerable eco-environment over the Silk Road Economic Belt is under threat of climate change, and the identification of vegetation constraints by sub-optimum climatic conditions is critically essential to maintain existing dryland ecosystems. To better understand how the vegetation varies at monthly scale and its effect by climate conditions in different desert areas, this study first investigated the seasonal variation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Then, we analyzed the time effects of diverse climatic factors (air temperature, solar radiation, precipitation) on NDVI and estimated the limitation of NDVI by these climatic factors in different desert areas. The result showed that the mean monthly NDVI during 1982–2015 showed a unimodal variation in most desert areas, with high values in late spring and summer over cold arid areas, in early spring or early autumn over hot arid areas, and in summer over polar areas, respectively. Solar radiation and precipitation in cold arid areas presented 1–2 month lag or accumulation effect on NDVI, while precipitation in most hot arid areas showed no remarkable time-lag but 3 month accumulation effect, and all three climate factors in polar areas exhibited 1–3 month accumulation effect. The explanatory power of climatic conditions for vegetation dynamics considering time effects increased by 3.4, 10.8, and 5.9% for the cold arid areas, hot arid areas, and polar areas (i.e., relative increase of 4.1, 25.4, and 8.2%), respectively. The main climatic constraints to vegetation dynamics were the water condition in hot arid areas (>78%) and the temperature condition in polar areas (>67%), while cold arid areas were simultaneously limited by the water and temperature conditions (>76% in total). These results provide a detailed understanding of vegetation variation and ecological projection, which are very important to implement adaption measures for dryland ecosystems over the Silk Road Economic Belt.
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Brar, Tejwant Singh, and M. Arif Kamal. "Low Energy Residential Building Design for Hot Arid Climate: A Green Approach." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.114.
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Large part of North–Western India has Hot Arid climate which is characterised by hot summers, humid monsoon, and extremely cold winters, and also there is a difference in daily maximum and mean temperatures of as much as 15 to 20°C and this results in high energy demand to achieve comfort conditions. Green buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate.
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Igbawua, Tertsea, Fanan Ujoh, Grace Adagba, Sylvester Gaando, and James Orduen Tsor. "Determination of Onset and End of Growing Season in Nigeria using the Modified Dynamic (Optimal) Threshold Method and Satellite data." Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics 1, no. 1 (2023): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.15.
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Understanding and accurately determining the onset and end of the growing season is essential for crop management, forecasting yields, and assessing the impacts of climate change, which are crucial for various sectors such as agriculture, ecology, and climate science. The study investigates the start and end of seasons using the optimal threshold method in different climate zones from 2001 to 2022. The climate zones include Tropical Rainforest (Af), Tropical Monsoon (Am), Tropical Wet (Aw), Hot Semi-Arid (BSh), Hot Arid (BWh), and Hot Summer Mediterranean climates. The relationship between climate parameters (temperature and precipitation) and phenology was examined using cross-correlation analysis. Furthermore, the research explores the annual distribution of precipitation and temperature, highlighting the variable nature of precipitation compared to temperature. Climate zone-specific analyses reveal trends in precipitation and temperature changes, indicating potential impacts on vegetation growth. The results show that the Af (BWh) climate zone indicated the longest (shortest) season length, and longer zones with a larger Length of Season (LOS) experienced delayed End of Season (EOS) and/or an early onset of the season. Moreover, Af climate seasons start earlier and finish later than those in the other climate zones. The findings have shown that season length (LOS) in Af, Aw, BSh, BWh, and Csb increased at 1.2, 0.4, 0.2, 0.9, and 0.5 days/yr, respectively. However, it is noteworthy that Am experiences a contraction at -0.6 days/yr. The study found that climatic fluctuation has an impact on vegetation phenology throughout all climate zones of Nigeria. Changes in agricultural growing seasons should be studied to maximize agricultural output.
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S.K. JALOTA and B.B. VASHISHT. "Adapting cropping systems to future climate change scenario in three agro-climatic zones of Punjab, India." Journal of Agrometeorology 18, no. 1 (2016): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v18i1.899.
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The present study focuses on (1) projections of future climate data (for the years of 2020, 2050 and 2080) from three general circulation models (HadCM3, CCCMA-CGCM2 and CSIRO-MK2) for two scenarios (A2 and B2) for three agro-climatic zones of the Indian Punjab (ii) assessment of climate change impact on productivity of maize-wheat cropping system in moist to dry sub-humid, rice-wheat in hot dry semiarid and cotton-wheat in hot arid zones and (iii) evaluation of shifting planting dates as an adaptation measure to sustain crop yields. The results indicate that in future the magnitude of climate change and variability would vary with agro-climatic zone, model and scenario. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall would be higher in moist to dry sub-humid zone than hot arid. Simulations with cropping system model anticipated reduction in yields of all the three cropping systems for future years; however, cotton crop was more vulnerable than maize and rice. Delaying trans/planting of maize by 7 days in sub humid zone, rice by 7-15 days in semi arid and cotton by 21 days in arid zone in future emerged as doable adaptation measure to minimize yield reduction in future.
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Singh, P. P., A. K. Verma, and Dhurendra Singh. "Evaluation of brinjal genotype under hot arid agro-climate." Indian Journal of Horticulture 75, no. 3 (2018): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2018.00076.2.
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Benaddi, Hachemi, Bouzidi Mezghiche, Mohamed Salhi, and Abdecharif Boumaza. "Performance of self-compacting concrete in hot arid climate." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 74, no. 3 (2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2022.16.
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Fattuhi, Nijad I., and Husain Al-Khaiat. "Shrinkage of Concrete Exposed to Hot and Arid Climate." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (1999): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1999)11:1(66).
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Al-Khaiat, Husain, and Nijad Fattuhi. "Carbonation of Concrete Exposed to Hot and Arid Climate." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 14, no. 2 (2002): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2002)14:2(97).
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Rached, Ehab, and Maha Anber. "Energy retrofitting strategies for office buildings in hot arid climate." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctac031.
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Abstract The building sector consumes ~30% of the primary energy consumption. Energy retrofitting of buildings contributes greatly to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This research aims at revealing the potential energy savings resulting from applying energy retrofitting strategies to office buildings in hot arid climate. The study is applied on Cairo, Egypt, representing the hot arid climate. The case study building was selected to be an existing office building with an area of 12 000 m2. The energy simulation software used is the DesignBuilder software. The suggested retrofitting strategies are upgrading the lighting systems to use LED lights, upgrading the air conditioning performance, using external shading devices, improving AC efficiency, improving the building’s air tightness and improving the R-value of the building envelope by using insulation for exterior walls and roof and substituting the existing window glazing. Those strategies were applied to the building for evaluating their potential for achieving energy savings. The conclusion of the applied study was that by combining the most effective strategies has resulted in annual energy consumption reduction by 86%.
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Yarza, Shaked, Alina Vodonos, Lior Hassan, Hadar Shalev, Victor Novack, and Lena Novack. "Suicide behavior and meteorological characteristics in hot and arid climate." Environmental Research 184 (May 2020): 109314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109314.
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Almuhanna, E. A. "ENHANCEMENT OF PLASTIC GREENHOUSE COVERING SYSTEMS IN HOT ARID CLIMATE." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 2, no. 12 (2011): 1273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2011.56466.
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Abd-Rabo, L. M., and M. Z. Al-Temmamy. "Optimization of daylighting and energy performance in hot - arid climate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 072051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/7/072051.
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Musa, Abuelgasim I. I., Mitsuru Tsubo, Shaoxiu Ma, Yasunori Kurosaki, Yasuomi Ibaraki, and Imad-Eldin A. Ali-Babiker. "Evaluation of WRF Cumulus Parameterization Schemes for the Hot Climate of Sudan Emphasizing Crop Growing Seasons." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040572.
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High spatiotemporal resolution climate data are essential for climate-related impact studies. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used to downscale climate data for different regions with regional-specific physics configurations. This study aimed to identify robust configurations of the WRF model, especially cumulus parameterization schemes, for different climatic zones of Sudan. We focused on wet season (June–September) rainfall and dry season (November–February) temperature, which are determinants of summer crop and irrigated wheat yields, respectively. Downscaling experiments were carried out to compare the following schemes: Betts–Miller–Janjic (BMJ), improved Kain–Fritch (KFT), modified Tiedtke (TDK), and Grell–Freitas (GF). Results revealed that the BMJ performed better for wet season rainfall in the hyper-arid and arid zones; KFT performed better for rainfall in July and August in the semi-arid zone where most summer crops are cultivated. For dry season temperature, the BMJ and TDK outperformed the other schemes in all three zones, except that the GF performed best for the minimum temperature in December and January in the arid zone, where irrigated wheat is produced, and in the semi-arid zone. Specific parameterization schemes therefore need to be selected for specific seasons and climatic zones of Sudan.
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Sedira, Sara, and Said Mazouz. "The effect of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort. Application of the UTCI index in hot and arid climates." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 6 (February 8, 2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2021i.8140.
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The object of our study is to evaluate the effect of urban geometry on microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort. In this context, “the RayMan pro 2.1” software was adopted to define UTCI index applying in hot and arid climates, exactly, in the urban fabric of the Ksar of The Red Village, El Kantara in Biskra city, Algeria, to define the most efficient urban geometry in term of summer thermal comfort by studying the real impacts of the urban form on the solar control and microclimatic conditions. studying the correlation between the geometry of the street estimated by the ratio H/L, the sky view factor (SVF), its orientation and the evolution of the physical variables (Ta, MRT, Ws) and the values of UTCI index. Significant relationships were found between UTCI index, urban geometry and heat stress in outdoor environments. The results of this research have shown the effect of urban design strategies on modifying the microclimatic conditions in hot summer for outdoor spaces in hot-arid climate.
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Ragab, Ayman, and Ahmed Abdelrady. "Impact of Green Roofs on Energy Demand for Cooling in Egyptian Buildings." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145729.
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Energy consumption for cooling purposes has increased significantly in recent years, mainly due to population growth, urbanization, and climate change consequences. The situation can be mitigated by passive climate solutions to reduce energy consumption in buildings. This study investigated the effectiveness of the green roof concept in reducing energy demand for cooling in different climatic regions. The impact of several types of green roofing of varying thermal conductivity and soil depth on energy consumption for cooling school buildings in Egypt was examined. In a co-simulation approach, the efficiency of the proposed green roof types was evaluated using the Design-Builder software, and a cost analysis was performed for the best options. The results showed that the proposed green roof types saved between 31.61 and 39.74% of energy, on average. A green roof featuring a roof soil depth of 0.1 m and 0.9 W/m-K thermal conductivity exhibited higher efficiency in reducing energy than the other options tested. The decrease in air temperature due to green roofs in hot arid areas, which exceeded an average of 4 °C, was greater than that in other regions that were not as hot. In conclusion, green roofs were shown to be efficient in reducing energy consumption as compared with traditional roofs, especially in hot arid climates.
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Oudjehani, N., K. Abahri, A. Tahakourt, and Rafik Belarbi. "Evaluation of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers Efficiency in Hot and Dry Climates." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.318.
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Energy efficiency of building, promotes strongly the integration of passive strategies, in order to achieve a thermal comfort especially in summer conditions by reducing or preventing the use of air conditioning systems. In this work, building energy performance has been evaluated using an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) during summer period. Energy requirements was analysis by the means of dynamic simulation tools called (TRNSYS) for hot and arid climate in the southern Algeria. This analysis was conducted function of different (such as soil typology, tube material, tube length and depth, ventilation airflow rates). Results show that earth-air heat exchanger has the highest efficiency for arid climates. Furthermore, the possibility of coupling of this technology with other passive strategies (nocturne ventilation and thermal mass) has been also examined. High efficiency was observed.
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Charalampopoulos, Ioannis, Fotoula Droulia, Ioannis P. Kokkoris, and Panayotis Dimopoulos. "Projections on the Spatiotemporal Bioclimatic Change over the Phytogeographical Regions of Greece by the Emberger Index." Water 16, no. 14 (2024): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16142070.
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Unquestionably, the rapidly changing climate and, therefore, alterations in the associated bioclimate, constitute an alarming reality with implications for daily practice and natural capital management. This research displays the present and projected bioclimate evolution over Greece’s phytogeographical regions. For this purpose, ultrahigh-resolution computation results on the spatial distribution of the Emberger index’s Q2 classes of bioclimatic characterization are analyzed and illustrated for the first time. The assessments are performed over the reference period (1970–2000) and two future time frames (2021–2040; 2041–2060) under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. By 2060 and under the extreme RCP8.5, intense xerothermic trends are demonstrated owing to the resulting significant spatial evolution mainly of the Arid–Hot, Semi-Arid–Very Hot, Semi-Arid–Hot, and Semi-Arid–Temperate Q2 classes, respectively, over the phytogeographical regions of Kiklades (up to 29% occupation), Kriti and Karpathos (up to 30%), West Aegean Islands (up to 26%), North East (up to 56%), and North Central (up to 31%). The RCP8.5 long-term period exhibits the strongest impacts over approximately the right half of the Greek territory, with the bioclimate appearing more dry–thermal in the future. In conclusion, the Emberger index provides an in-depth view of the Greek area’s bioclimatic regime and the potential alterations due to climate change per phytogeographical region.
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شاهين, بهجت رشاد, and سالي فخري خلف. "The traditional solutions in the sustainable climatic adaptation and its employment in the contemporary housing." Journal of Engineering 15, no. 1 (2009): 584–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2009.01.01.
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Sustainability means, the integration between the ecological, technological, economical and social systems to forming the urban environment to maintain the resources for the future generations. Sustainability focuses on many principles: Using the natural energy, learning from the traditional architecture, minimizing the consumption of the resources.To develop some criteria's for contemporary dwellings in hot dry climate, the research tried to study and analyze the traditional architecture to diagnose its importance and ability to solve contemporary problems, one of which is the lack of comfortable and suitable dwelling units in hot dry climate regions.The research will study the traditional urban fabric components in the hot- arid zone, because the urban experiment in this zone emphasized on the compact forms and considered it the result of the human adaptation to create the comfortable microclimate.The research concludes the effective indicators in the traditional urban fabric and employed it in many of housing clusters in hot arid zone to examine its importance and effect in the formalization of sustainable and suitable housing clusters.
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Salameh, Muna, and Basim Touqan. "From Heritage to Sustainability: The Future of the Past in the Hot Arid Climate of the UAE." Buildings 13, no. 2 (2023): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020418.
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Achieving future energy objectives and promoting social, economic, and environmental sustainability can be inspired by heritage and historic structures, which make up a sizeable component of the existing building industry. Heritage architecture and urban sites are known for their capability of positive interaction with the climate to provide better thermal conditions, beside their capability of strengthening cultural identity and improving the economic sector for the related sites. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to highlight the positive sustainable effects (social, economic and environmental) for a proposal of conserving and reconstructing a vernacular heritage architecture site in the hot arid climate in the UAE. The research used a qualitative methodology based on multicriteria descriptive schemes beside ENVI-met software. The research’s findings presented the capability of the conserved heritage area to strengthen the social and cultural identity and improve the economic sector. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the conserved heritage district had a better microclimate and predicted mean vote for outdoor thermal comfort compared to the basic case heritage district prior to rehabilitation and another modern district. The conclusion promotes heritage conservation in hot arid climates and encourages the preservation of vernacular architecture and traditional sites to achieve the sustainable goals for creating sustainable cities that can mitigate climate change.
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Edeisy, Mohamed, and Carlo Cecere. "Envelope Retrofit in Hot Arid Climates." Procedia Environmental Sciences 38 (2017): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.075.
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Khan, Saifullah, and Mahmood Ul Hasan. "Climate Classification of Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss2.2019.264.
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The research covenants amid the evaluation and analysis of the weather data in regards to mean monthlytemperature, precipitation, rainy days, relative humidity, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, evaporation, solarradiation and with the literature cited. The components getting fluctuation in the atmospheric condition comprise ofglobal location, vicinity to ocean, geomorphic reliefs and continental extent, maritime affects, forests and landuse.Based on the daily and monthly temperature, the study area has divided into five localities consisting of hot, warm,mild, cool, and cold. Besides, the five precipitation zones namely arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid andundifferentiated highlands have been distinguished during course of work. Generally, eastern longitudes of the countryget substantial downpours amid summers (monsoon season). Though the western areas in winters excluding GilgitBaltistan, where it is from local thunderstorms. Pakistan encounters four precipitation seasons namely winter, premonsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon rainfall. Because of sub-tropical vicinity, the country has experienced twofundamental seasons explicitly winter and summer. Generally, the summer period goes on for five months in mountainsand seven months in plains, whilst the winter period differs for seven months in mountains and five months in plains.The stated two essential rainy periods are auxiliary sub-isolated into four sub-spells to be precisely hot, warm, monsoonand cold season. Based on appropriation and fluctuation of climate variables, Pakistan is classified in five macro areasthat auxiliary sub-curved up into 18 meso and 46 micro scale climate regions.
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Khan, Saifullah, and Mahmood Ul Hasan. "Climate Classification of Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i2.264.
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The research covenants amid the evaluation and analysis of the weather data in regards to mean monthlytemperature, precipitation, rainy days, relative humidity, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, evaporation, solarradiation and with the literature cited. The components getting fluctuation in the atmospheric condition comprise ofglobal location, vicinity to ocean, geomorphic reliefs and continental extent, maritime affects, forests and landuse.Based on the daily and monthly temperature, the study area has divided into five localities consisting of hot, warm,mild, cool, and cold. Besides, the five precipitation zones namely arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid andundifferentiated highlands have been distinguished during course of work. Generally, eastern longitudes of the countryget substantial downpours amid summers (monsoon season). Though the western areas in winters excluding GilgitBaltistan, where it is from local thunderstorms. Pakistan encounters four precipitation seasons namely winter, premonsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon rainfall. Because of sub-tropical vicinity, the country has experienced twofundamental seasons explicitly winter and summer. Generally, the summer period goes on for five months in mountainsand seven months in plains, whilst the winter period differs for seven months in mountains and five months in plains.The stated two essential rainy periods are auxiliary sub-isolated into four sub-spells to be precisely hot, warm, monsoonand cold season. Based on appropriation and fluctuation of climate variables, Pakistan is classified in five macro areasthat auxiliary sub-curved up into 18 meso and 46 micro scale climate regions.
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Brar, Tejwant Singh, and Navneet Munoth. "Solar and Green Building Guidelines for Hot Arid Climate in India." Building Research Journal 61, no. 1 (2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/brj-2014-0005.
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Abstract There are, presently, two schools of thought when it comes to designing buildings that promote sustainable development. One school emphasizes materials use and ‘‘green’’ buildings, while the other emphasizes energy use and energy efficient buildings. The promoters of ‘‘green’’ buildings often claim that the reduced energy use during operation of the low energy and solar buildings is counteracted by the increased embodied energy in these buildings. This paper gives categorical analysis of the technologies available for Low energy and green architecture and emphasizes the need to integrate both in residential buildings to of lower the energy use in operation during the lifetime in a residential building in hot arid climate. The results also show that there should be little difference between the approaches of the two schools of thought. The best buildings will generally be those that are both low energy, and ‘‘green’’. This paper also gives policy guidelines to integrate them in the building bye-laws for hot arid climate
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Soussi, Meriem, Mohamed Thameur Chaibi, Martin Buchholz, and Zahia Saghrouni. "Comprehensive Review on Climate Control and Cooling Systems in Greenhouses under Hot and Arid Conditions." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (2022): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030626.
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This work is motivated by the difficulty of cultivating crops in horticulture greenhouses under hot and arid climate conditions. The main challenge is to provide a suitable greenhouse indoor environment, with sufficiently low costs and low environmental impacts. The climate control inside the greenhouse constitutes an efficient methodology for maintaining a satisfactory environment that fulfills the requirements of high-yield crops and reduced energy and water resource consumption. In hot climates, the cooling systems, which are assisted by an effective control technique, constitute a suitable path for maintaining an appropriate climate inside the greenhouse, where the required temperature and humidity distribution is maintained. Nevertheless, most of the commonly used systems are either highly energy or water consuming. Hence, the main objective of this work is to provide a detailed review of the research studies that have been carried out during the last few years, with a specific focus on the technologies that allow for the enhancement of the system effectiveness under hot and arid conditions, and that decrease the energy and water consumption. Climate control processes in the greenhouse by means of manual and smart control systems are investigated first. Subsequently, the different cooling technologies that provide the required ranges of temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse are detailed, namely, the systems using heat exchangers, ventilation, evaporation, and desiccants. Finally, the recommended energy-efficient approaches of the desiccant dehumidification systems for greenhouse farming are pointed out, and the future trends in cooling systems, which include water recovery using the method of combined evaporation–condensation, as well as the opportunities for further research and development, are identified as a contribution to future research work.
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Hyader, Safa, and susan hassan. "The Effect of Different Urban Forms on Microclimate in Hot Arid Climates." Kerbala Journal for Engineering Sciences 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.63463/kjes1003.
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Traditional cities are characterized by different urban forms. The transformations in urban formation came in response to human needs over time and technological developments. This research explores the relationship between urban forms and microclimate in hot aired climate cities. A comparative analysis for two selected urban forms patterns in Baghdad city as example of ancient cities in hot aired climate. The study investigates the influence of urban form on microclimate. The research relied on the ENVIMET 4.4.2 software simulation program to determine the microclimatic differences. The results showed that urban form in traditional areas achieved better results in microclimate (air temperatures, the average mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) as compared to modern urban form during daytime periods, especially in hot afternoon times, which may negatively affect the urban microclimate and the thermal comfort of pedestrians in the spaces of modern urban form.
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Id Omar, Nour-eddine, Lahcen Boukhattem, Fahd Oudrhiri Hassani, Amin Bennouna, and Aziz Oukennou. "Data of a PV plant implemented in hot semi-arid climate." Data in Brief 34 (February 2021): 106756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.106756.
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Berkovic, Sigalit, Abraham Yezioro, and Arieh Bitan. "Study of thermal comfort in courtyards in a hot arid climate." Solar Energy 86, no. 5 (2012): 1173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2012.01.010.
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Radwan, S. M. A., and R. A. Abdel-Aziz. "Evaluation of microbial content of indoor air in hot arid climate." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 10 (2018): 5429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-2068-1.
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Al-Hamdani, N. I., and A. I. Ahmad. "Thermal behaviour of a building envelope in a hot arid climate." Solar & Wind Technology 4, no. 1 (1987): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(87)90009-9.
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Khourchid, Ammar M., Tareq A. Al-Ansari, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. "Cooling Energy and Climate Change Nexus in Arid Climate and the Role of Energy Transition." Buildings 13, no. 4 (2023): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040836.
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Buildings are significant contributors to climate change through their energy consumption, particularly in countries with hot and dry climates where cooling services require substantial amounts of energy. Climate change is expected to increase cooling demand, further exacerbating the problem. This study investigates the impact of climate change on cooling demands in different building types in Qatar and evaluates related environmental impacts. Using a high-resolution regional climate model, future climate data were obtained for 2071 and 2100 under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5. The energy consumption of eight prototype buildings was simulated under baseline and future climates, and the environmental impacts were assessed using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for natural gas and solar power as energy sources. The study found that the cooling demand could increase by 13–53% and 19–67% in 2071 and 2100, respectively, with buildings having higher thermal insulation and lower window-to-wall ratio being less affected by climate change. The LCA results showed that replacing natural gas with solar power can reduce cooling energy-associated CO2 emissions by 92%. However, challenges such as human toxicity and metal depletion need to be addressed. The study highlights the importance of considering potential climate change scenarios to develop more resilient buildings and encourages implementing efficient recycling and waste management strategies before implementing PV panels.
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Aldhaher, Dunya Abdulazeez Gheni, and Semra Arslan Selçuk. "Energy retrofit and climate adaptive design of dwellings in the hot arid climate: Trends and future challenges." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 13, no. 5 (2024): 814–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2024.60206.
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As long as buildings face various climate change impacts in recent decades, such as increased heat, particularly in the residential sector. Therefore, energy retrofit, and climate-adaptive designs may contribute significantly to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. At the same time, these strategies do not only improve the sustainability of dwellings/houses/residences but also contribute to broader goals of increasing energy efficiency, reducing environmental impact, offering economic benefits, and enhancing the community's resilience in the challenges they face impact from the effects of climate change. This study aims to examine and present the development of energy retrofitting, energy efficiency and climate-adaptive design for dwellings/ residential buildings in hot weather publications through bibliometric research. The research has been examined within the Web of Science™ Core Collection (W.O.S.) online database spanning from 2012 to November 2023 by using the "Title/Abstract/Keywords" category, and a comprehensive data visualisation has been conducted utilising the VOSviewer and CiteSpace programmes. The findings indicate the research trends in the literature and future challenges, and the results from these findings demonstrate the need for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings to preserve the environment and climate. These sustainable developments focus on improvements in energy retrofitting technologies, energy efficiency and saving targets, indoor thermal comfort, optimising passive design and minimising energy demand. This study will probably be a source to provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, experts, and policymakers to understand the implications of energy retrofitting and climate-adaptive design in hot arid climates. As well as it would offer theoretical and practical initiatives to be applied in this field.
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Traoré, Nafissatou, Ourohiré Millogo, Ali Sié, and Penelope Vounatsou. "Impact of Climate Variability and Interventions on Malaria Incidence and Forecasting in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 11 (2024): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111487.
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Background: Malaria remains a climate-driven public health issue in Burkina Faso, yet the interactions between climatic factors and malaria interventions across different zones are not well understood. This study estimates time delays in the effects of climatic factors on malaria incidence, develops forecasting models, and assesses their short-term forecasting performance across three distinct climatic zones: the Sahelian zone (hot/arid), the Sudano-Sahelian zone (moderate temperatures/rainfall); and the Sudanian zone (cooler/wet). Methods: Monthly confirmed malaria cases of children under five during the period 2015–2021 were analyzed using Bayesian generalized autoregressive moving average negative binomial models. The predictors included land surface temperature (LST), rainfall, the coverage of insecticide-treated net (ITN) use, and the coverage of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). Bayesian variable selection was used to identify the time delays between climatic suitability and malaria incidence. Wavelet analysis was conducted to understand better how fluctuations in climatic factors across different time scales and climatic zones affect malaria transmission dynamics. Results: Malaria incidence averaged 9.92 cases per 1000 persons per month from 2015 to 2021, with peak incidences in July and October in the cooler/wet zone and October in the other zones. Periodicities at 6-month and 12-month intervals were identified in malaria incidence and LST and at 12 months for rainfall from 2015 to 2021 in all climatic zones. Varying lag times in the effects of climatic factors were identified across the zones. The highest predictive power was observed at lead times of 3 months in the cooler/wet zone, followed by 2 months in the hot/arid and moderate zones. Forecasting accuracy, measured by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), varied across the zones: 28% in the cooler/wet zone, 53% in the moderate zone, and 45% in the hot/arid zone. ITNs were not statistically important in the hot/arid zone, while ACTs were not in the cooler/wet and moderate zones. Conclusions: The interaction between climatic factors and interventions varied across zones, with the best forecasting performance in the cooler/wet zone. Zone-specific intervention planning and model development adjustments are essential for more efficient early-warning systems.
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Handoko, Jarwa Prasetya Sih, and Ikaputra Ikaputra. "PRINSIP DESAIN ARSITEKTUR BIOKLIMATIK PADA IKLIM TROPIS." LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 6, no. 2 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v6i2.34791.
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Arsitektur Bioklimatik adalah adalah suatu pendekatan desain yang mengarahkan arsitek untuk mendapatkan penyelesaian desain dengan mempertimbangkan hubungan antara bentuk arsitektur dengan lingkungan iklim daerah tersebut. Pendekatan ini menekankan pada aspek pemenuhan kesehatan dan kenyamanan ruangan bagi pengguna dan minimalisasi penggunaan energi pada bangunan. Sedangkan Tropis merujuk pada terminologi letak geografis daerah di sekitar equator diantara Garis Tropic of Cancer dan Tropic of Capricorn. Kajian ini membahas prinsip desain Arsitektur Bioklimatik pada iklim tropis. Dengan demikian dapat disusun theoritical framework terkait prinsip desain arsitektur pada iklim tropis. Metode yang digunakan pada kajian ini dengan menggunakan studi referensi. Dari kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Prinsip Desain Arsitektur Bioklimatik pada Iklim Tropis terdiri dari 2 (dua) tipe meliputi Prinsip desain untuk bangunan pada daerah Iklim Tropika Basah ( Hot humid Climate ) dan Prinsip desain untuk bangunan pada daerah iklim Tropika kering ( Hot Arid Climate ). Hal ini menyesuaikan kondisi iklim dimana bangunan tersebut didesain.PRINCIPLES OF BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN THE TROPICAL CLIMATE The growth of building construction that does not consider natural conditions causes the potential for environmental degradation due to energy consumption in buildings, which and results in the depletion of natural resource. In addition to the occurrence of global climate change phenomena that foster energy-intensive for buildings to fulfill the physical comfort. This condition raises awareness of the importance of architectural design based on local natural conditions including local climatic conditions or the utilization of bioclimatic potential. Bioclimatic Architecture is a design approach that directs architects to get a design finish by considering the relationship between architectural forms and the climate environment of the area. This study discusses the principles of Bioclimatic Architecture design in tropical climates. Thus the theoretical framework is expected to be arranged related to the principles of architectural design in tropical climates. Tropical climate refers to the terminology of the geographical location of the area around the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn Lines. The method used in this study is a literature study or reference study. From this study it can be concluded that the principles of Bioclimatic Architectural Design in Tropical Climates consist of 2 (two) types, including design principles for buildings in the Hot Humid Climate area which has 2 seasons and design principles for buildings in dry tropical climate regions (Hot Arid Climate) with 4 seasons. These two design principles are influenced by several different climatic conditions between these two climatic regions. These two regions generally have high air temperatures; the difference is the diurnal temperature difference between the two climate regions. This condition requires a different response, especially in the design of the building envelope, where the design of the building envelope influences the level of heat gain and heat loss in the effort to create indoor thermal comfort in the building.
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Abdullah, Shahd Abd El Fattah, and Susan Abed Hassan. "Assessing the Effects of Street Morphology on Thermal Comfort in Hot Arid Urban Environments." Journal of Interior Designing and Regional Planning 9, no. 2 (2024): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joidrp.2024.v09i02.002.
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The research examines the influence of street morphology on the thermal comfort of pedestrians by studying urban climate dynamics and their various levels. It also explores the formation characteristics of open urban spaces and their impact on thermal comfort. The study focuses on two streets in Al-Adhamiya, Baghdad a city characterized by a hot, arid climate. These streets include Al-Officers Street, with contemporary urban planning, and the roads of Al-Shuyoukh locality, with traditional urban planning. The research involved analyzing the components of both streets and calculating the street width ratio to building height in the field. A questionnaire was also conducted to compare the perceived thermal comfort of pedestrians on both roads. The findings reveal that thermal comfort improves when the street width-to-building height ratio approaches 0.5, as observed in the streets of the Al-Shuyoukh locality. Additionally, using traditional building materials, such as bricks, contributes positively to thermal comfort. Conversely, a higher ratio, coupled with high-heat-absorbing materials like glass and concrete and increased traffic congestion, produces a heightened perception of heat and discomfort. These insights underscore the importance of urban design and material choice in enhancing thermal comfort in hot, arid climates.
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Albatayneh, Aiman, Renad Albadaineh, and Adel Juaidi. "Climate change impacts on residential energy usage in hot semi-arid climate: Jordan case study." Energy for Sustainable Development 83 (December 2024): 101576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2024.101576.
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Mahshid, MİKAEİLİ. "AB-ANBAR: A SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURAL METHOD FOR WATER RESERVATION IN HOT-ARID REGIONS OF IRAN." NEW ERA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL RESEARCHES 8, no. 18 (2023): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7952566.
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The traditional architecture of Iran has always been rational and in harmony with the environment and climate to meet the needs of the people. Iran’s vast plateau locate in an arid and semi-arid region of the world. They have also made the best initiatives with the least means without harming the environment. We can say that the Ab-Anbars, which were built in the arid regions of Iran to store water during the rainy season and to use it during the rest of the year, are a climate-responsible architectural design method. In ancient Iranian beliefs, traditions, religion, and culture, water was a holy subject carrying high value as a vital matter for human life. Due to the inefficient annual precipitations, unfavorable distribution of surface water, fluctuation of seasonal streams, and fulfilling water demand: ancient Iranian have provided unique methods for optimizing water utilization. One of the unique ways of optimizing water conservation is using an architectural method, the construction of underground water reservoirs or Ab-Anbar. Ab-Anbar is a roofed underground water cistern. These Underground buildings are historical hydraulic structures for drinking water supply. Today, most of these structures are still functional and are protected by state restoration as historical heritage. Underground water reservoirs have been built in arid regions, cylindrical, sometimes rectangular, and completely buried inside the ground. Access to the water reservoirs is via an underground stairway. In urban open spaces, the roof of underground water reservoirs appears as a dome roof on the ground level. The construction material used for subterranean water reservoirs was brick and a special mortar called Sarooj. Because the Ab-anbar structure is built with very thick walls and below ground level, the water remains cold. They would also build wind towers at the four corners of the water reservoir to ventilate inside the building. Within the scope of this study, the climate-responsible design principles used in Ab-Anbar structures will be examined that emerged in the hot-arid regions of Iran.
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Lieth, J. H. "PHOTOVOLTAIC SHADE HOUSES FOR HOT, ARID CLIMATES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1051 (September 2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1051.6.
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Zhang, Y., M. Voigt, and H. Liu. "Contrasting responses of terrestrial ecosystem production to hot temperature extreme regimes between grassland and forest." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 4 (2014): 5997–6017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-5997-2014.
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Abstract. Observational data during the past several decades show faster increase of hot temperature extremes over land than changes in mean temperature. Towards more extreme temperature is expected to affect terrestrial ecosystem function. However, the ecological impacts of hot extremes on vegetation production remain uncertain across biomes in natural climatic conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of hot temperature extremes on aboveground net primary production (ANPP) by combining MODIS EVI dataset and in situ climatic records during 2000 to 2009 from 12 long-term experimental sites across biomes and climates. Our results showed that higher mean annual maximum temperatures (Tmax) greatly reduced grassland production, and yet enhanced forest production after removing the effects of precipitation. Relative decreases in ANPP were 16% for arid grassland and 7% for mesic grassland, and the increase were 5% for forest. We also observed a significant positive relationship between interannual ANPP and Tmax for forest biome (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.001). This line of evidence suggests that hot temperature extreme leads to contrasting ecosystem-level response of vegetation production to warming climate between grassland and forest. Given that many terrestrial ecosystem models use average daily temperature as input, predictions of ecosystem production should consider these contrasting responses to more hot temperature extreme regimes associated with climate change.
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Mohaibesh, D., S. Monna, H. Qadi, and R. Sokkar. "Towards climate resilient residential buildings: learning from traditional typologies." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (2021): 012146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012146.
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Abstract Climate-resilient buildings in Palestine can play an important role in a more sustainable residential building sector. This paper aims at evaluating the effects of adopting architectural design strategies and material technologies from vernacular architecture to create a new climate-resilient building. The paper targets single houses as these represent the majority of residential buildings in suburban and rural areas, and are similar to the vernacular architecture in size and functionality. The EDSL Tas simulation tool was used to assess the thermal performance and energy savings in the proposed model compared with traditional houses and modern typical houses, in two different climatic zones. The proposed climate-resilient house has materials and design strategies derived from vernacular architecture, in addition to the use of thermal insulation. The results show that the proposed house is more climate-resilient compared to modern houses. In cold winter and hot summer climates, the proposed model presents a total annual heating and cooling energy consumption of 59% less than typical modern houses, and 5% more than old buildings. In hot arid summer and warm winter climates, the proposed house presents a total annual heating and cooling energy consumption of 58% less than a modern typical house and 8% more than the traditional house.
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Al- Rubaie, Zainab, and Qusai Al-Kubaisi. "Estimate the Runoff and Groundwater Recharge in Abu-Gharib Area, Western Baghdad Governorate, Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 57, no. 2D (2024): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.57.2d.10ms-2024-10-20.
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Groundwater is an important resource in arid and semi-arid areas. This study focuses on the western governorate of Baghdad. Climate data for the study area was obtained from the Baghdad Airport Meteorological Station for the period 1990–2022. The monthly average temperature, relative humidity, evaporation, wind speed, sunshine duration, and total annual rainfall are 23.7°C, 43.049 %, 3119.82 mm, 3.18 m/s, 8.69 h/day, and 120.78 mm, respectively. The climate of the research area is classified as dry to sub-arid, with relatively hot summers and cold winters. This study employs Soil Conservation Services (SCS) methods to estimate runoff and groundwater recharge, crucial for sustainable water resource management. Climate and soil data from the area were analyzed to model runoff potential and groundwater recharge rates. Key findings include seasonal variations in runoff dynamics influenced by precipitation and soil characteristics. Results indicate an annual total runoff of 17.76 mm and groundwater recharge estimated as 14 mm, highlighting the importance of effective soil conservation strategies in mitigating water scarcity. This research contributes valuable insights into hydrological processes in semi-arid environments and informs local water management practices.