Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hot Kerosene Drying Method

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  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Hot Kerosene Drying Method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hot Kerosene Drying Method"

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INOUE, Tamotsu, Hiroyuki IYOTA, and Nobuya NISHIMURA. "2139 Prediction Method of Drying Time for Hot Humid Air Drying." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2008.3 (2008): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2008.3.0_31.

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He, Xinyi, Jinfu Liu, Li-li Cheng, and Bu-jiang Wang. "Quality Properties of Crispy Winter jujube Dried by Explosion Puffing Drying." International Journal of Food Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 8, 2013): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2012-0157.

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AbstractExplosion puffing drying was investigated as potential means for drying winter jujube. The sample was dried by hot air to dehydrate some amount of internal free water prior to explosion puffing drying to final moisture of less than 7% (wet bases). Physical properties (shrinkage, color, porosity, density, texture, and rehydration ratio) of crispy winter jujube dried by this method were evaluated and compared with those dried by convectional hot air drying alone, freeze-drying alone, combination of freezing drying and hot air drying, respectively. The comparison showed that crispy winter jujube dried by this method exhibited very close rehydration capacity, texture, density, porosity with those of the combination of freeze-drying and hot air drying. The sample dried by this method showed the more attractive crispness than those dried by freeze-drying and convectional hot air drying.
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Pyun, Su-Il. "Fabrication of stabilized ZrO2 by hot petroleum drying method." Ceramics International 11, no. 4 (October 1985): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(85)90142-7.

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Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Yousef, Mohammad Kaveh, Hamideh Fatemi, and Muhammad Aziz. "Combined Hot Air, Microwave, and Infrared Drying of Hawthorn Fruit: Effects of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Drying Time, Energy, Qualitative, and Bioactive Compounds’ Properties." Foods 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051006.

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The present study aimed to examine the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment and hot air, microwave–hot-air, infrared–hot air, and freeze-drying on the drying time, specific energy (SE), qualitative properties (i.e., color, shrinkage, and rehydration ratio), and bioactive compounds’ properties (i.e., antioxidant activity, phenolic, and flavonoid contents) of hawthorn fruit. Drying of hawthorn was conducted from 45 min for the ultrasonic + microwave–hot-air drying to 1280 min for the freeze-drying method. The lowest amount of SE was obtained using the ultrasonic-microwave–hot-air drying method, which was 47.57 MJ/kg. The lowest values in color changes (12.25) and shrinkage (17.21%) were recorded for the freeze-drying method, while the highest amounts for these traits were 45.57% and 66.75% in the HA drying, respectively. In general, the use of different drying methods reduces the antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) during processing compared to fresh samples. The highest values for AC, TPC, TFC, and the rehydration ratio were 30.69%, 73.07 mg-GAE/gdw, 65.93 mg-QE/gdw, and 2.02 for the freeze-drying method, respectively.
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Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bang Gui He. "Research on the Influence of Drying Method on Ink Penetration of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.312.

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The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of drying methods on surface properties and ink penetration. Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used in order to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis. Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. The results showed that the drying methods had an important role on the surface properties and ink penetration of coated paper. Infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying was good to improve the paper properties, which resulted in low roughness, high gloss, low ink absorption and high paper surface efficiency. It could be concluded that infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying resulted in the highest print density and better printability.
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Assawarachan, Rittichai. "Effects of Moisture Content and Drying Method on Shelf Life and Quality of Coconut Residue." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.36.

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In this article, the quality changes and shelf life of by-products (coconut residue) obtained after coconut milk extraction were studied using three drying technologies: hot air drying, fluidized bed drying, and flash drying. Among the drying technologies, flash drying was most suitable for fresh coconut residue. It gave the least moisture content with the most stability of whiteness and oil content and the highest drying rate. Dried coconut residue using flash drying has the longest shelf life up to the 140th day with slight changes in the quality when stored in warehouse conditions of 35±1.0oC and 60-75% relative humidity. In terms of specific energy consumption, flash drying required the lowest energy of 8.47±0.50 MJ per kg water removal from fresh coconut residue, whereas hot air drying consumed the highest specific energy.
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Wang, Heng, Shukun Cao, Yi Cui, Zijian Cao, and Shuqiang Xu. "Analysis of temperature field of grain and drying medium for grain drying integrated mechanical device." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817502024.

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In order to improve the working efficiency of the drying tower and the hot blast stove in the process of grain drying, this paper proposes a method to solve the problems of air pollution and energy waste caused by excessive combustion or insufficient combustion of the hot blast stove. Based on finite element analysis, this paper uses ANSYS software to simulate the drying process of grain. This paper briefly introduces the grain drying device model and working mechanism, analyzes the temperature field of the drying device, and studies the influence on the drying effect of the working parameters (hot water, hot air, hot air hot blast stove combustion temperature) during the grain drying process. The results show that the hot air temperature is 85°C, the hot water temperature is 90°C, the combustion chamber temperature is 480°C, the grain drying effect is good, the combustion efficiency of the combustion furnace is the best, and the energy utilization rate is the highest.
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Ismail, Osman, and Ozlem Gokce Kocabay. "Investigation of the Effect of Combined Drying for Rainbow Trout Fillets and Comparison with Hot-air Drying." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 20, no. 9 (June 29, 2020): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v20_9_05.

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In this study, drying kinetics, chemical composition and surface color for fillets samples, namely Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to combined drying (ultrasonic assisted vacuum drying) and hot-air drying were compared at full length between 50-70°C. Drying process carried out entirely in the falling rate period. The results suggested that the moisture content was influenced by the combined drying method and the drying temperature. The shortest drying time was obtained using combined drying method at 70°C. The combined drying method made shorter the drying process and enhanced the effective moisture diffusivity by comparison with hot-air drying method. The activation energies were observed using a modified Arrhenius type equation as of 2.392 and 4.83 kW kg-1 for combined and hot-air drying, respectively. Quality characteristics of fillets samples were specified as physical (moisture content, color values) and chemical (protein, fat and ash). Seven different drying models were considered for moisture ratios using nonlinear regression analysis. The consequences of regression analysis stated that the Midilli et al., model best fits data set. According to the results, the highest effective moisture diffusivity was determined in the fillets dried with the ultrasonic assisted vacuum drying method and they increased with increasing drying temperatures. Ultrasonic treatment accelerated the vacuum drying process for the fillets. Also, the ultrasonic assisted vacuum drying method is a better technology to preserve the original material and prevent thermal damage.
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S, Soni, Himmat Singh Chawra, Sharma Rk, and Garg R. "DEVELOPMENT OF DRYING PROTOCOL FOR WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ROOTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.28402.

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Objective: This experiment was conducted to develop a drying protocol for Withania somnifera roots (during the year 2009–2010 under the National Medicinal Plants Board project, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy-Scientific Institute of Research Organization, Mandsaur [M.P.]).Methods: The roots of Withania were harvested and cut into different sizes (2–4 inches) and subjected into sun drying, shade drying, and hot air oven drying in temperature ranging from 40°C to 60°C. The temperature for sun drying ranging from 32°C to 42°C during daytime, and in night hours, the samples were kept in plastic covers to prevent reabsorption of moisture. In shade drying, the pieces of roots were kept in shade (proper air flowing place) at normal climatic temperature. Moreover, in hot air oven drying method/mechanical drying method, the pieces of roots were kept at 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively. The samples were weighed, and the moisture content of the samples was taken at regular intervals until the standard moisture content of the dried roots was obtained that is mentioned in literature (10–5%).Result: The result revealed that hot air oven drying of roots took the lowest time (12 h), while sun drying method took 24 h for drying. The alkaloid content, namely, Withanolide A was significantly influenced by different methods of drying. The highest alkaloid content (0.010%) was observed in sun drying and hot air oven drying with 0.021.abc% as compared to shade drying with 0.009% Withanolide A.Conclusion: It may be concluded that sun drying and hot air oven drying are suitable methods for drying W. somnifera roots.
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Qiu, Hai Jian, Jin Shui Qiu, Bo Yun Liu, Xiang Lie Yi, and Kang Bo Wang. "Boiling Pattern and Thermal Ignition Experiment Study of the Aviation Fuel on Hot Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.616.

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This study was intended to solve the problem that fuel evaporation and ignition process on the high-temperature hot surface are difficult to be predicted accurately. The rule of fuel evaporation and ignition delay that various with hot wall temperature have been obtained by utilizing the simulated experiment to study the evaporation and ignition process of aviation kerosene on horizontal hot wall. This study not only complements the related content of the fuel ignition mechanism on hot wall but also provides reference method for the fuel fire engineering practice.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hot Kerosene Drying Method"

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Mutshekwa, Ndivhuho. "Effect of time-based hot air drying method on chemical composition of jatropha zeyheir tea." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1914.

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Thesis (M. Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2017
Tea is one of the most popular consumed beverages in the world, which has beneficial properties such as anti-oxidization, anti-carcinoma and preventing arteriosclerosis. The major essential components of catechins present in tea leaves, includes epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epicatechin (EC), gallocatechin (GC) and catechin (C). Influence of time-based hot air drying method on chemical composition of the Jatropha zeyheri Sond, widely consumed in rural communities of Zebediela (Khureng village), Limpopo Province, South Africa, was investigated. Four treatments, namely; 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours, were arranged in completely randomised design (CRD), replicated five times. The study demonstrated that drying significantly increased total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity and tannin content. It also demonstrated that drying significantly increased minerals elements; Mg, K, P, S, Al, Co, Mn, Si and Zn content and decreased Na, Ca and Ni and Zn quantities. Sodium-potassium ratio was very low across drying periods. Drying time did not significantly influence proximate chemicals; energy, protein, carbohydrates, ash and fibre content. Moisture and fat were significantly increased by drying period. Results of the study suggested that time-based hot air drying method improved the chemical composition of J. zeyheri, which has the potential of enhancing nutrition in marginal rural communities of Limpopo Province.
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Van, Zyl Adriaan. "Bereiding van fynverdeelde vaste stowwe met die keroseendroogmetode (H.K.D.)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10138.

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M.Sc. (Chemistry)
The preparatIon of fine powders having large surface are as was carried out using the Hot Kerosene Drying Method (H.K.D.). In this method an emulsion containing An aqueous solution of a sought after cation is emulsified along with kerosene having a high boiling point (200+ C). The emulsion is then added to a given amount of the kerosene at a predetermined temperature above the boiling point of water, in a drop-wise fusion, during which the water con concerned in the emulsion rapidly evaporates resulting in the solid accumulating on the bottom of the flask. The powder is then separable from the kerosene using conventional means. Tungsten and iron-containing powders were each, made according to this method. The preliminary preparations were carried out with tungsten containing emulsions. In an attempt to produce an emulsion having the smallest internal phase diameter, w/o iron-containing emulsions prepared using different concentrations of the emulsifying agents and various kerosene-water ratios, were photographed microscopically under high magnification. Sedimentation rates and the presence of phase separation of the emulsions were recorded. In this manner an optimum emulsion with regard to particle size and stability was found. This emulsion composition was employed to prepare a series of emulsions with varying concentratiOns of the iron sulphate solution. Powders were prepared from these emulsions by subjecting them to the ".K.D. procedure. In another series of experiments the effect of the kerosene bath temperature on the quality of the poWders was studied. The surface areas of the solids were determined by using a dynamic method, and these could be directly related to the particle size of the powders for purposes of comparison...
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Conference papers on the topic "Hot Kerosene Drying Method"

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Kim, Sung Il, Sang Hyun Oh, Won Pyo Chun, Ki Ho Park, and Byoung Hyuk Yu. "Hybrid cylinder dryer for the drying of sheet-form materials with hot air." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7682.

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In this paper, we introduce a novel energy-efficient dryer that uses hot air as a combined heating method of heat conduction and convection heat transfer. The dryer consisting of rotary cylinders and arched jackets is structurally different from conventional dryers. We designed and built a hybrid 4-cylinder dryer for sheet-form materials. The energy consumption to evaporate unit water is about 930 kcal/kg moisture from the experimental results of a hybrid 4-cylinder dryer. The hybrid 4-cylinders dryer has a compact structure with about 1/3 of the size of a conventional dryer for the drying of sheet-form materials. Keywords: Dryer; Hot Air; Sheet-form; Energy Efficiency; Hybrid
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Castro-Giraldez, Marta, Juan Angel Tomas-Egea, R. J. Colom,, and Pedro J. Fito. "Study of the hot air drying process of chicken breast by non-invasive techniques." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7733.

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Food drying is one of the main unit operations for food preservation and it is based on the difference of chemical potential between the product and a fluid with lower chemical potential. The objective of this work was the development of a thermodynamic model of chicken meat drying process using infrared thermography; also the viability of using dielectric spectroscopy as a monitoring system was analyzed. A thermodynamic model has been developed to predict the expansion/contraction phenomena of poultry meat throughout the drying process. Moreover, it was demonstrated that permittivity is a non-destructive method to monitor the evolution of drying process. Keywords: Poultry meat, hot air drying, permittivity, infrared, drying kinetics.
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He, Yanling, Dan Huang, Yongjia Chen, Kaiyang Men, S. A. Sherif, and Wei Li. "Drying Characteristics and Quality of Fresh White Waxy Corn Under Different Drying Methods." In ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-63543.

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Abstract The drying characteristics and drying quality of fresh white waxy corn were investigated under three different drying methods (sun drying, hot-air drying and far-infrared drying) and different drying temperatures (55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C). The optimal drying method and drying condition were obtained by comparing the drying time and drying quality including damage rate, rehydration capacity and the contents of protein, fatty acid and starch. The results showed that the drying time of sun drying was the longest, while the drying quality was the best, i.e., the damage rate was the lowest and the nutrient retention was the highest. The far-infrared drying time was shorter and the quality was better than that of hot air drying. The higher the temperature, the faster the drying rate. The optimal drying temperature was 60 °C under far-infrared drying, which can effectively remove the water and keep the food quality. Besides, the drying rate was faster than hot air, and the color of the dried products was brighter. When hot air drying was used, the value of fatty acids did not change much below 65 °C, but it rose sharply above 65 °C. The optimal drying temperature was 65 °C, under which the drying rate was moderate and the quality was relatively good. If the production cost was considered, sun drying was the best, following the 60 °C far-infrared drying. This conclusion can provide a reference for the drying conditions of corn after harvest in agricultural production, and to a certain extent provide suggestions for the later drying treatment methods and treatment temperatures of fresh white waxy corn.
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Niamnuy, Chalida, Noppadol Panchan, Thanaphat Chukeaw, Anusorn Seubsai, Sakamon Devahastin, and Metta Chareonpanich. "Influence of drying technique on physicochemical properties of bimodal meso-macropore structure of silica support." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.8369.

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Drying process directly affect in structure of the silica support for catalysts. Therefore, we herein prepared bimodal meso-macropore structure of silica by sol-gel method and investigated the silica support obtained from various drying techniques, namely, hot air drying (HA), microwave drying(MW)and freeze drying (FD)by means of BET and BJH N2-sorption, and SEM. The results showed a significant effect of drying technique on the textural properties of the dried bimodal porous silica support. In addition, it was found that freeze drying could enhance surface area of silica support with higher than 500 m2/g. Keywords: bimodal meso-macropore structure silica support: drying technology: freeze drying: hot air drying: microwave drying
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Chin, S. K., D. T. Tan, H. M. Tan, and P. E. Poh. "Preservation of mesophilic mixed culture for anaerobic palm oil mill effluent treatment by convective drying methods." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7295.

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While anaerobic digestion is a reliable method that treats the waste and produces renewable biomethane fuel, the necessary sludge in liquid form is difficult to handle due to the constant biogas generation. Therefore, this study investigates the possibility of convective air drying, namely heat pump and hot air circulation oven as preservation methods for anaerobic microbial sludge. Drying was conducted at various temperatures, ranging from 22℃ to 70℃. The study found that heat pump drying at 22℃ resulted in highest COD removal of 55.3% as well as the least log reduction in methanogens and anaerobes at 1.4 and 2.4, respectively.Keywords: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); Heat pump drying; Hot air drying; Log reduction; Methane yield
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Wang, Shaojin, and Xu Zhou. "Radio frequency-vacuum drying of kiwifruits: kinetics, uniformity and product quality." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7960.

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A radio frequency (RF) vacuum technology is proposed for drying kiwifruit slices using a 27.12 MHz, 3 kW RF-vacuum drying system. The results demonstrated that electrode gap, vacuum pressure and sample thickness had major effects on the RF-vacuum drying. The RF-vacuum drying was associated with internal heating and rapid drying, resulting in 65% reduction of hot air (60ºC) drying time. Moreover, kiwifruits dehydrated by RF-vacuum drying were associated with better color stability, higher vitamin C retention and higher rehydration capacity (P<0.05). Overall, the RF-vacuum drying process may provide a more effective and practical method for high-quality dehydration of kiwifruits. Keywords: radio frequency-vacuum drying; hot air; moisture content distribution; moisture effective diffusivity; quality
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Chen, Qinqin, Huihui Song, Jinfeng Bi, Mo Zhou, Xinye Wu, and Jianxin Song. "Combined effects of sodium carbonate pretreatment and hybrid drying methods on the nutritional and antioxidant properties of dried Goji berries." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.8373.

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Combined effects of sodium carbonate (SC) pretreatment and hybrid drying methods (freeze drying-instant controlled pressure drop drying (FD-ICPDD), hot air drying (HAD-ICPDD) on nutritional and antioxidant properties of Goji berries were investigated. Compared with distilled water pretreatment, SC pretreatment could obtain products with better quality. Goji dried by FD-ICPDD showed better overall quality than that dried by HAD or FD alone. FD-ICPDD products exhibited higher contents of total Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (140 g/kg), total carotenoids (2.4 g/kg) as well as the strongest ABTS.+ radical scavenging activity (57.6 μmol TE/g). FD-ICPDD could be an alternative drying method for processing valuable agro-products. Keywords: sodium carbonate, instant controlled pressure drop drying, nutritional properties, antioxidant activity
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Wawrzyniak, Pawel, Michal Tylman, Maciej Jaskulski, and M. Czapnik. "Concept of heat recovery in drying with chemical heat pump." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7271.

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Drying is one of the most energy intensive unit operations. It easily accounts for up to 15% of all industrial energy consumption. In the most drying processes heat is required to evaporate moisture which is later removed with a flow of air. The hot, humid air leaving the dryer is often considered as a waste stream, and a large fraction of energy is lost. The aim of the theoretical and experimental concept study presented here was to evaluate a method of reclaiming energy from low temperature waste streams and converting it to useful in industry saturated steam of temperature from 120 to 150 °C. Chemical heat pump concept based on the dilution and concentration of phosphoric acid was used to test the method in the laboratory. Heat of dilution and energy needed for water evaporation from the acid solution were experimentally measured. The cycle of successive processes of dilution and concentration has been experimentally confirmed. Theoretical model of the chemical heat pump was tested and coefficient of performance measured. Energy balance of the drying system and efficiency increase of the dryer supported with chemical heat pump were calculated.Keywords: Efficiency of drying; energy recovery; chemical heat pump
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Baessler, Stefan, Klaus G. Mo¨sl, and Thomas Sattelmayer. "NOx Emissions of a Premixed Partially Vaporized Kerosene Spray Flame." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90248.

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An important question for future aero-engine combustors is how partial vaporization influences the NOx emissions of spray flames. In order to address this question an experimental study of the combustion of partially vaporized kerosene/air mixtures was conducted, which assesses the influence of the degree of fuel vaporization on the NOx emissions in a wide range of equivalence ratios covering the entire lean burning regime. The tests were performed at atmospheric pressure, inlet air temperatures of 313 to 376K, a reference mean air velocity of 1.35m/s, and equivalence ratios of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.9 using Jet A1 fuel. An ultrasonic atomizer was used to generate a fuel spray with a Sauter Mean Diameter of approximately 50μm. The spray and the heated air were mixed in a glass tube of 71mm diameter and a variable length of 0.5 to 1m. The temperature of the mixing air and the length of the preheater tube were used for the control of the degree of vaporization. Downstream of the vaporizing section, the mixture was ignited and the flame was stabilized with a hot wire ring that is electrically heated. For local exhaust measurements a temperature controlled suction probe in combination with a conventional gas analysis system were used. The vaporized ratio of the injected fuel was determined by a Phase Doppler Anemometer (PDA). In order to optimize the accuracy of these measurements, extensive validation tests with a patternator method were performed and a calibration curve was derived. The data collected in this study illustrates the effect of the vaporization rate Ψ upstream of the flame front on the NOx emissions, which changes with varying equivalence ratio and degree of vaporization. In the test case with low pre-vaporization, the equivalence ratio only has a minor influence on the NOx emissions. Experiments made with air preheat and higher degrees of vaporization show two effects: With increasing preheat air temperature, NOx emissions increase due to higher effective flame temperatures. However, with an increasing degree of vaporization, emissions become lower due to the dropping number and size of burning droplets, which act as hot spots. A correction for the effect of the preheat temperature was developed. It reveals the effect of the degree of pre-vaporization and shows that the NOx emissions are almost independent of Ψ for near-stoichiometric operation. At overall lean conditions the NOx emissions drop nonlinearly with Ψ. This leads to the conclusion that a high degree of vaporization is required in order to achieve substantial NOx abatement.
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Guntur, Krishna, R. S. Amano, and Brinda Athreya. "Uniform Heating Device for a Paper Mill Process." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87419.

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Paper mills use elaborated drying process using hot rollers to dry the paper. In the recent past, use of hot air for drying has gained some interest. The main disadvantage of this method is non-uniform air temperature, which will cause lateral shrinkage of the paper. This paper discusses a new drying system. The process incorporates a porous medium to ensure uniform temperature by flattening the velocity distribution. The new system requires less equipment pieces and utilized less space for the drying process. A cloth is used in place of paper to increase the repeatability of the experiment. This experiment utilized a conveyor system to transport the cloth within the heater section. Variables concerning velocity and temperature values of the heated air, and heater intensity were adjusted to produce the different drying conditions. Forced air propane heater was used as the heat source. Design modifications were made so that the heater is more suitable for this process. The results showed significant improvement of the velocity and feasibility of extending this technology to the actual scale.
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