Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hot melt extrusion

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Hot melt extrusion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hot melt extrusion"

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Hengsawas Surasarang, Soraya, Justin M. Keen, Siyuan Huang, Feng Zhang, James W. McGinity, and Robert O. Williams. "Hot melt extrusion versus spray drying: hot melt extrusion degrades albendazole." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 43, no. 5 (October 20, 2016): 797–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2016.1220577.

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NEUB. "Pharmaceutical Hot Melt Extrusion." Scientia Pharmaceutica 78, no. 3 (2010): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.lppt05.

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Enose, Arno A., Priya K. Dasan, H. Sivaramakrishnan, and Sanket M. Shah. "Formulation and Characterization of Solid Dispersion Prepared by Hot Melt Mixing: A Fast Screening Approach for Polymer Selection." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2014 (March 12, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/105382.

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Solid dispersion is molecular dispersion of drug in a polymer matrix which leads to improved solubility and hence better bioavailability. Solvent evaporation technique was employed to prepare films of different combinations of polymers, plasticizer, and a modal drug sulindac to narrow down on a few polymer-plasticizer-sulindac combinations. The sulindac-polymer-plasticizer combination that was stable with good film forming properties was processed by hot melt mixing, a technique close to hot melt extrusion, to predict its behavior in a hot melt extrusion process. Hot melt mixing is not a substitute to hot melt extrusion but is an aid in predicting the formation of molecularly dispersed form of a given set of drug-polymer-plasticizer combination in a hot melt extrusion process. The formulations were characterized by advanced techniques like optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, dynamic vapor sorption, and X-ray diffraction. Subsequently, the best drug-polymer-plasticizer combination obtained by hot melt mixing was subjected to hot melt extrusion process to validate the usefulness of hot melt mixing as a predictive tool in hot melt extrusion process.
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Gottschalk, Tobias, Cihangir Özbay, Tim Feuerbach, and Markus Thommes. "Predicting Throughput and Melt Temperature in Pharmaceutical Hot Melt Extrusion." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091757.

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Even though hot melt extrusion (HME) is a commonly applied process in the pharmaceutical area, determination of the optimal process parameters is demanding. The goal of this study was to find a rational approach for predetermining suitable extrusion parameters, with a focus on material temperature and throughput. A two-step optimization procedure, called scale-independent optimization strategy (SIOS), was applied and developed further, including the use of an autogenic extrusion mode. Three different polymers (Plasdone S-630, Soluplus, and Eudragit EPO) were considered, and different optimal process parameters were assessed. The maximum barrel load was dependent on the polymers’ bulk density and the extruder size. The melt temperature was influenced by the screw speed and the rheological behavior of the polymer. The melt viscosity depended mainly on the screw speed and was self-adjusted in the autogenic extrusion. A new approach, called SIOS 2.0, was suggested for calculating the extrusion process parameters (screw speed, melt temperature and throughput) based on the material data and a few extrusion experiments.
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Alshetaili, Abdullah, Saad M. Alshahrani, Bjad K. Almutairy, and Michael A. Repka. "Hot Melt Extrusion Processing Parameters Optimization." Processes 8, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111516.

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The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of processing parameters of the hot-melt extrusion (HME) on the pharmaceutical formulation properties. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as a model water-insoluble drug. It was incorporated into Soluplus®, which was used as the polymeric carrier, to produce a solid dispersion model system. The following HME-independent parameters were investigated at different levels: extrusion temperature, screw speed and screw configuration. Design of experiment (DOE) concept was applied to find the most significant factor with minimum numbers of experimental runs. A full two-level factorial design was applied to assess the main effects, parameter interactions and total error. The extrudates’ CBZ content and the in vitro dissolution rate were selected as response variables. Material properties, including melting point, glass transition, and thermal stability, and polymorphs changes were used to set the processing range. In addition, the extruder torque and pressure were used to find the simplest DOE model. Each change of the parameter showed a unique pattern of dissolution profile, indicating that processing parameters have an influence on formulation properties. A simple, novel and two-level factorial design was able to evaluate each parameter effect and find the optimized formulation. Screw configuration and extrusion temperature were the most affecting parameters in this study.
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Bhairav, Bhushan A., Prajakta A. Kokane, and Ravindra B. Saudagar. "Hot Melt Extrusion Technique-A Review." Research Journal of Science and Technology 8, no. 3 (2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2988.2016.00022.x.

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Andrews, Gavin P., and David S. Jones. "Hot melt extrusion - processing solid solutions?" Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 66, no. 2 (January 17, 2014): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12202.

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Kothawade, Sagar, Rutuja Wakure, Shubham Biyani, Vijay Thalapally, and Bhagwan Bukya. "Hot Melt Extrusion an Emerging Pharmaceutical Technology." Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2020.v09i06.002.

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Wilson, Matthew, Marcia A. Williams, David S. Jones, and Gavin P. Andrews. "Hot-melt extrusion technology and pharmaceutical application." Therapeutic Delivery 3, no. 6 (June 2012): 787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde.12.26.

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Yeung, Chi-Wah, and Hubert Rein. "Hot-melt extrusion of sugar-starch-pellets." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 493, no. 1-2 (September 2015): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.079.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hot melt extrusion"

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O'Connell, Sean Patrick. "Hot-melt Extrusion Through Syringes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338734.

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The use of solid dispersions to formulate poorly water soluble drugs is a growing field in the pharmaceutical sciences. Hot-melt extrusion is a common method for producing dispersions. However, bench-top extruders require large amounts of powder to run and are inappropriate for early formulation screens. Plastic and glass syringes are readily available in most laboratories. 250 mg of drug-polymer blend is placed in a plastic syringe body that has the tip covered with a bent needle. The syringe is heated for 5 minutes and the extrudate is pushed through the syringe. Extrudates are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and powder x-ray diffraction. Acetaminophen, griseofulvin, indomethacin, salicylamide, and sulfamethoxazole extruded with polyvinylpyrrolidone K12 match or exceed the performance of solvent evaporated controls. Glass syringes can be used when polymers have processing ranges above the melting point of the plastic syringes. Syringe extrusion is effectively demonstrated as a rapid process for early formulation screening.
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Albers, Jessica. "Hot-melt extrusion with poorly soluble drugs." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990809501/04.

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Cantin, Oriane. "PEO hot melt extrudates for controlled drug delivery." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S035/document.

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Parmi les procédés de fabrication continue, l’extrusion par fusion à chaud est une technique dont l’intérêt dans le domaine pharmaceutique est grandissant. Ce procédé permet la formation des dispersions solides des substances actives au sein des matrices polymériques ou lipidiques. En fonction de l’excipient et de la substance active, cela peut être largement utilisé pour la conception des systèmes: (i) pour une libération immédiate, (ii) pour une libération modifiée et (iii) pour le masquage de goût. Les systèmes à libération modifiée sont des dispositifs intéressants qui permettent d’améliorer la biodisponibilité de la substance active, son efficacité ainsi que l’observance des patients. En fonction de la nature de l’excipient, différents systèmes avec des mécanismes de libération variés peuvent être produit, notamment des matrices inerte, érodable ou gonflante. Le poly éthylène oxide est un polymère semi- cristallin et hydrophile qui peut être utilisé pour la libération contrôlée. Son point de fusion compris entre 63 et 67 °C le rend adapté pour l’extrusion. Surtout, ses capacités de gonflement permettent d’administrer la substance active de façon contrôlée en fonction du poids moléculaire du poly éthylène oxide. Les objectifs de ce travail sont (i) d’étudier l’impact des paramètres critiques du procédé (température d’extrusion et vitesse des vis d’extrudeuse) sur le profil de libération de la substance active, (ii) de déterminer l’impact des paramètres de formulations (poids moléculaire du poly éthylène oxide, charge et type de la substance active) sur le profil de libération de la substance active et (iii) d’évaluer des formes galéniques solides conçues par le procédé d’extrusion à celui de la compression directe. Il a été montré que la variation de la température d’extrusion et de la vitesse des vis altérait l’apparence de l’extrudat et ainsi la distribution de la substance active au sein de l’extrudat. Il s’est avéré dans notre étude que la libération de la substance active n’était pas particulièrement affectée par ces changements de température et vitesse de vis de l’extrudeuse. De plus, cette étude a permis de fixer les paramètres pour les projets suivants: température 100 °C ; vitesse des vis 30 rpm ; longueur de la forme galénique 1 cm. Des extrudats de poly ethylène oxide contenant 10 % de théophylline et du poly éthylène oxide de 100 à 7000 kDa ont été utilisés dans ce travail. Il a été observé que lorsque le poids moléculaire du poly ethylène oxide augmente de 100 à 600 kDa, la libération en substance active diminue de façon importante alors qu’une augmentation jusqu’à 7000 kDa ne diminue que légèrement la libération. Des études du gonflement ont montré que ce phénomène corrélait aux variations de volume de la partie opaque de l’extrudat (gel non transparent et cœur solide)
Among continuous manufacturing processes, hot melt extrusion is a technique with growing interest in the pharmaceutical field. This process enables the formation of solid dispersions of many drugs within a polymeric or lipidic carrier. Hot melt extrusion can be widely used for different issues using the appropriate carrier and drug. Here are the mostly used concepts in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms: (i) immediate release, (ii) modified release and (iii) taste masking. Modified release systems have been taken into account to be very interesting devices for the improvement of drug- bioavailability, drug- efficacy as well as the patient compliance. Various systems with different release mechanisms can be manufactured, depending on the nature of the carrier (inert, erodible, and swelling matrices). Poly ethylene oxide is a semi crystalline and hydrophilic polymer which can be used to control drug delivery. The poly ethylene oxide melting point ranging from 63 to 67 °C makes it suitable for hot melt extrusion. Importantly, the swelling capacities of the hydrophilic poly ethylene oxide matrices are able to deliver drug in a time controlled manner, in respect of the poly ethylene oxide molecular weights. The purposes of this work were (i) to study the impact of critical process parameters (extrusion temperature and screw speed) on the drug release behavior, (ii) to determine the impact of formulation parameters (poly ethylene oxide molecular weight, nature of drug and drug loading) on drug release kinetics, and (iii) to evaluate solid dosage forms prepared by hot melt extrusion versus direct compression. Interestingly, the variation of the extrusion temperature and the screw speed leads to the altering of the extrudate appearance and thus the distribution of drug into the extrudate. However, this changing has not influenced the drug release remarkably. Thus, this study was useful to set the parameters for the following projects (temperature 100 °C; screw speed 30 rpm; dosage form size 1 cm). Poly ethylene oxide hot melt extrudates containing 10 % theophylline and based on 100 - 7,000 kDa poly ethylene oxide are used for this thesis. Importantly, the drug release decreased substantially with the increase of the poly ethylene oxide molecular weight from 100 to 600 kDa. However, further increasing of the molecular weights leads to only a slight decrease in the release rate. Swelling studies have shown that this phenomenon correlated with the change in volume of the opaque part of the extrudates (non-transparent gel and solid core)
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Douglas, Mary Joan Paula. "Physicochemical characterisation of bioactive biodegradable polymers prepared using hot melt extrusion." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492148.

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This work set out to characterise the extent to which the model antibacterial drug Nalidixic Acid (NA) affected the biodegradable polymer Polycaprolactone in terms of its' mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties alongside any changes in topography and by creating a monolithic dispersion for drug release. Also considered were the additional effects that a Polyethylene Glycol pore former and copolymer Poly l-lactide had on the Polycaprolactone and the Nalidixic Acid release profile. Overall it appeared that the addition of the NA caused the mechanical modulus to improve, producing increased stiffhess and less ductility in the blends. However, this stiffening led to attenuated strength and elongation. In terms ofthe thermal properties, a nucleating effect due to NA was noted alongside a decrease in crystallisation kinetics which led to the changes in mechanical properties. It was found that the Nalidixic Acid and Poly l-lactide acted as a filler material within the Polycaprolactone matrix, increasing the viscosity of the blends, which would influence subsequent processing temperatures and shear rates. The opposite effect was observed with the use of the Polyethylene Glycol, whereby, due to its low molecular weight it acted as a lubricating agent, thus decreasing the viscosity. The variations in the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the blends were ascribed to the immiscibility of the Polycaprolactone with the other materials, each existing as separate phases within the blends. The Nalidixic Acid release profiles indicate that rapid device exhaustion times and higher extent ofdrug release was observed when the blends were prepared by twin screw extrusion (to increase dispersion) and crash cooled (to increase Nalidixic Acid solubility). Overall no detrimental effects were noted on the Polycaprolactone matrix when used as a drug delivery vehicle for Nalidixic Acid, with the bulk Polycaprolactone remaining relatively unchanged.
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Diak, Osama Abdel Razzaq Ahmad Abu. "Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersions prepared using hot-melt extrusion technology." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516942.

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Nasr, M., H. Karandikar, R. T. A. Abdel-Aziz, N. Moftah, and Anant R. Paradkar. "Novel nicotinamide skin-adhesive hot melt extrudates for treatment of acne." Taylor and Francis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16734.

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Hot melt extrusion is a continuous process with wide industrial applicability. Till current date, there have been no reports on the formulation of extrudates for topical treatment of dermatological diseases. The aim of the present work was to prepare and characterize medicated hot melt extrudates based on Soluplus polymer and nicotinamide, and to explore their applicability in acne treatment. The extrudates were characterized using DSC, FTIR, XRD, and DVS. The extrudates were also tested for their skin adhesion potential, ability to deposit nicotinamide in different skin layers, and their clinical efficacy in acne patients. The 10% nicotinamide extrudates exhibited amorphous nature which was reserved during storage, with no chemical interaction between nicotinamide and Soluplus. Upon contrasting the skin adhesion and drug deposition of extrudates and nicotinamide gel, it was evident that the extrudates displayed significantly higher adhesion and drug deposition reaching 4.8 folds, 5.3 folds, and 4.3 folds more in the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis, respectively. Furthermore, the extrudates significantly reduced the total number of acne lesions in patients by 61.3% compared to 42.14% with the nicotinamide gel. Soluplus extrudates are promising topical drug delivery means for the treatment of dermatological diseases.
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Karandikar, Hrushikesh M. "Suitability of cellulose ester derivatives in hot melt extrusion : thermal, rheological and thermodynamic approaches used in the characterization of cellulose ester derivatives for their suitability in pharmaceutical hot melt extrusion." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14862.

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Applications of Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) in pharmaceuticals have become increasingly popular over the years but nonetheless a few obstacles still remain before wide scale implementation. In many instances these improvements are related to both processing and product performance. It is observed that HME process optimisation is majorly focused on the active pharmaceutical ingredient's (API) properties. Characterising polymeric properties for their suitability in HME should be equally studied since the impact of excipients on both product and process performance is just as vital. In this work, two well-established cellulose ester derivatives: Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose Acetate Succinate (HPMCAS) and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose Phthalate (HPMCP) are studied for their HME suitability. Their thermal, thermodynamic, rheological, thermo-chemical and degradation kinetic properties were evaluated with model plasticisers and APIs. It was found the thermal properties of HPMCP are severely compromised whereas HPMCAS is more stable in the processing zone of 150 to 200 °C. Thermodynamic properties revealed that both polymers share an important solubility parameter range (20-30 MPa P1/2P) where the majority of plasticisers and BCS class II APIs lie. Thus, greater miscibility/solubility can be expected. Further, the processability of these two polymers investigated by rheometric measurements showed HPMCAS possesses better flow properties than HPMCP because HPMCP forms a weak network of chain interactions at a molecular level. However, adding plasticisers such as PEG and TEC the flow properties of HPMCP can be tailored. The study also showed that plasticisers have a major influence on thermo-chemical and kinetic properties of polymers. For instance, PEG reduced polymer degradation with reversal in kinetic parameters whereas blends of CA produced detrimental effects and increased polymer degradation with reduction in onset degradation temperatures. Further, both polymers are observed to be chemically reactive with the APIs containing free -OH, -SOR2RN- and -NH2 groups. Finally, these properties prove that suitability of HPMCP is highly debated for HME and demands great care in use while that of HPMCAS is relatively better than HPMCP in many instances.
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Zhang, Feng. "Hot-melt extrusion as a novel technology to prepare sustained-release dosage forms /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Repka, Michael Andrew. "Physical-mechanical and chemical properties of topical films produced by hot-melt extrusion /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Apichatwatana, Nutsawadee [Verfasser]. "Hot melt extrusion for the production of controlled drug delivery systems / Nutsawadee Apichatwatana." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026069645/34.

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Books on the topic "Hot melt extrusion"

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Douroumis, Dennis, ed. Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.

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Douroumis, Dionysios. Hot-melt extrusion: Pharmaceutical applications. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012.

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Douroumis, Dionysios, and Dennis Douroumis. Hot-Melt Extrusion. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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Douroumis, Dennis. Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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Douroumis, Dennis. Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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Douroumis, Dennis. Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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Douroumis, Dennis. Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hot melt extrusion"

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Li, S., D. Liu, D. S. Jones, and G. P. Andrews. "Hot-Melt Extrusion." In Emerging Drug Delivery and Biomedical Engineering Technologies, 15–29. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003224464-2.

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Luker, Keith. "Single-Screw Extrusion: Principles." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 1–21. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch1.

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Douroumis, Dennis, Marion Bonnefille, and Attila Aranyos. "Taste Masking Using Hot-Melt Extrusion." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 201–21. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch9.

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Loxley, Andrew. "Devices and Implant Systems by Hot-Melt Extrusion." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 301–21. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch14.

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Almeida, Ana, Bart Claeys, Jean Paul Remon, and Chris Vervaet. "Hot-Melt Extrusion Developments in the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 43–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch3.

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Verreck, Geert. "The Influence of Plasticizers in Hot-Melt Extrusion." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 93–112. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch5.

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Hall, Mark, and Michael Read. "Hot-Melt Extrusion of Ethylcellulose, Hypromellose and Polyethylene Oxide." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 145–75. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch7.

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Guns, Sandra, and Guy Van den Mooter. "Clinical and Preclinical Studies, Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Hot-Melt Extruded Products." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 223–37. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch10.

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Hemmingsen, Pernille Høyrup, and Martin Rex Olsen. "Injection Molding and Hot-Melt Extrusion Processing for Pharmaceutical Materials." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 239–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch11.

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Gogos, Costas G., Huiju Liu, and Peng Wang. "Laminar Dispersive and Distributive Mixing with Dissolution and Applications to Hot-Melt Extrusion." In Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications, 261–84. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711415.ch12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hot melt extrusion"

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Grimard, Jonathan, Laurent Dewasme, and Alain Vande Wouwer. "Distributed parameter modeling of hot-melt extrusion." In 2016 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsse.2016.7551644.

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Gogos, Costas, and Huiju Liu. "Laminar Dispersive and Distributive Mixing with Dissolution and Applications to Hot-melt Extrusion." In The 2nd Electronic Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecps2012-00794.

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Lengaigne, Jacques, Jason Gunther, James T. Teasdale, Valérie Toupin-Guay, Martine Dubé, and Ilyass Tabiai. "Polypropylene Microfiber Extrusion By Hot Melt Rotary Jet Spinning For Non-Woven Membrane Manufacturing." In Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress (2021 : Charlottetown, PE). Charlottetown, P.E.I.: University of Prince Edward Island. Robertson Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.97.

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Minghetti, P., UM Musazzi, F. Selmin, GM Khalid, S. Franzé, and F. Cilurzo. "3PC-060 Hot-melt ram extrusion 3D printing: a smart method for compounding orodispersible films in hospital pharmacies." In 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.141.

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Saerens, Lien, Thomas De Beer, Jean Paul Remon, and Chris Vervaet. "Raman Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Tool for In-line and Real-time Monitoring of a Pharmaceutical Hot-melt Extrusion Process." In The 1st Electronic Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecps2011-00510.

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Han, S., M. E. Alam, A. M. S. Hamouda, Q. B. Nguyen, and M. Gupta. "Enhancing Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Through Simultaneous Addition of Aluminum and Nano-Al2O3." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39901.

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In the present study, AZ31-Al2O3-Al magnesium nano-composites were successfully synthesized using an innovative disintegrated melt deposition technique followed by hot extrusion. Microstructural characterization studies revealed uniaxial grain size, reasonably uniform distribution of particulates/intermetallics in the matrix and minimal porosity. Physical properties characterization revealed that addition of both nano-Al2O3 and Al reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of monolithic AZ31. The presence of both Al2O3 particulates and aluminum also assisted in improving overall mechanical properties including microhardness, UTS, ductility and work of fracture of AZ31. The results suggest that these composites have significant potential in diverse engineering applications when compared to AZ31 alloy.
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Goh, C. S., M. Gupta, J. Wei, L. C. Lee, and K. W. Lim. "Characterization of Magnesium/Carbon Nanotubes Composites Synthesized Using an Innovative Solidification Method." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60457.

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In the study reported in this paper, carbon nanotubes of up to two per cent by weight were added as reinforcement to the pure magnesium. A disintegrated melt deposition technology was employed as the solidification method and the ingots produced were subsequently hot extruded at a temperature of 350 °C and extrusion ratio of 20:1. The thermo-mechanical analysis showed a reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion due to the presence of the carbon nanotubes. Examination of the mechanical properties indicated that with increasing amount of carbon nanotubes reinforcement added, there was a significant improvement in the performance of pure magnesium. An attempt is made to correlate the weight fraction of the carbon nanotubes with the properties of the resulting magnesium nanocomposite material.
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8

Nallathambi, Ashok Kumar, Mohit Tyagi, Eckehard Specht, and Albrecht Bertram. "Thermal Analysis of Direct Chill Casting." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44392.

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Direct Chill (DC) casting is a semi-continuous casting technique which is used to produce aluminum rolling ingots and extrusion billets. The knowledge of temperature field is highly essential for the prediction of displacement field and hot tears. Modeling the thermal field of DC casting is a challenging task due to the liquid-solid phase transition, time-dependent domain and boundary conditions, inverse nature of secondary boundary conditions, etc. Therefore, an attempt is made to model the thermal field of DC casting using a finite element method. A temperature-based finite element model is used to capture the effect of latent heat release. A temperature-dependent heat transfer coefficient is employed to incorporate the bottom block and mold boundaries. The influence of casting speed is studied in detail. Through the proper ramping procedures, it is proved that the start-up phase sump depth and mushy length can be lowered. However, it is found that the steady-state sump parameters are independent of ramping. Further, the influences of secondary cooling profile, and melt superheat are investigated. AA1201 alloy is considered for the study.
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9

Shady, Sally F., and Stephen McCarthy. "Effects of Vinyl Acetate Content and Extrusion Temperatures on Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Tetracycline HCL Fibers Used for Periodontal Applications." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66216.

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Periodontal disease is a prevalent disease that effects all types of ages. Mild cases of periodontal disease include infection and gingivitis. Severe cases of periodontal disease include loss of teeth, and the increased likelihood of systemic diseases such as: cancer, osteoporosis and pneumonia. Current treatments of periodontal disease include systemic approaches such as oral tablets of antibiotics or localized treatments such as the periodontal chip. Oral antibiotics require high dosages to effectively treat the infection therefore causing unwanted side effects. Other treatments include surgery, scaling and rooting. These methods have disadvantages as they are more invasive and require long term maintenance. The aim of this study was to develop a periodontal fiber containing Tetracycline HCl and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) that can be implanted in the periodontal pocket and demonstrate a drug release for up to 10 days. To develop this drug-embedded fiber, ethylene vinyl acetate and tetracycline HCL were combined and subsequently formed into a fiber. First, both materials were melted and mixed for several minutes in a Brabender mixer. The resulting material was then pelletized and the fiber was synthesized using the hot melt extrusion process. To produce the most optimal fiber, various vinyl acetate contents were mixed and extruded at high and low processing temperatures. The fiber uniformity, tensile strength, and drug release was tested on three groups: 40% vinyl acetate with low processing temperatures, 40% vinyl acetate with high processing temperatures and 7% vinyl acetate with low processing temperatures. To test the uniformity of the fiber, an inline IR reader was used to monitor the outer diameter of the fiber. Since a 0.5mm would be easily implanted into the periodontal pocket, this was the desired fiber dimension. The Instron was used to analyze the tensile strength of each group to ensure that the fiber was durable enough to withstand the harsh environment of the oral cavity. For the drug release testing the fibers were placed into H2O and incubated to 37°C. Samples from the release media were taken at various time intervals for a total of 10 days. The samples were tested on the UV spectrophotometer for peak absorbances at 360nm. The IR reader testing showed that the Elvax 40W (40% vinyl acetate content) material was easier to extrude than the Innospec (7% vinyl acetate content). The tensile strength tests of the fibers were approximately 0.025 ± 0.05 MPa. In-vitro drug release studies indicated that the low processing temperatures fibers released approximately three times the amount of tetracycline HCl than the high processing temperature group. This indicated that the fibers with low processing temperatures had the most favorable drug release profiles for bacterial inhibition. The overall feasibility for the periodontal fiber application was demonstrated in the 40% vinyl acetate group at lower processing temperatures and has shown the potential for multiple antimicrobial applications.
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10

Baumann, Peter F., and Lucas Sendrowski. "Resistance Welding Process Development and Optimization for Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52012.

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Large recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) structural members, difficult to manufacture by extrusion processes, have been created by the hot plate welding of simple plastic lumber sections. Hot plate welding generates better joint strength than any other welding method currently employed in plastic manufacturing. However, to achieve the desired temperature of the thick plate to melt the polymer uniformly, the process needs a high amount of heat energy requiring furnace (or resistance) heating of a considerable mass. A new method which could combine the heating element and a thin plate into one source could be more efficient in terms of heat loss and thus energy used. The premise of this investigation is to replace the hot plate with a very thin piece of high resistance nickel-chromium alloy ribbon to localize the application of heat within a plastic weld joint in order to reduce energy loss and its associated costs. This resistance ribbon method uses electrical current to reach an adequate temperature to allow for the welding of the HDPE plastic. The ribbon is only slightly larger than the welding surface and very thin to reduce the loss of excess heat through unused surface area and thick sides. The purpose of this project was to weld recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using resistance welding and to match the tensile strength results considered acceptable in industry for hot plate welding, that is, equal to or greater than 80% of the base material strength. Information obtained through literature review and previous investigations in our laboratories established welding (heating) temperature and time as testing factors. Designed experimentation considered these factors in optimizing the process to maximize the weld tensile strength. A wide-ranging full-factorial experimental design using many levels was created for the initial testing plan. Tensile strengths obtained after welding under the various condition combinations of weld temperature and time revealed a region of higher strength values in the response surface. After the wide-range initial testing, the two control parameters, heating temperature and heating time, were ultimately set up in a focused Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Response Surface Method (RSM) testing design and the tensile strength response was then analyzed using statistical software. The results obtained indicated a strong correlation between heating time and heating temperature with strength. All welded samples in the final testing set exhibited tensile strength of over 90% base material, meeting the goal requirements. A full quadratic equation relationship for tensile strength as a function of welding time and temperature was developed and the maximum tensile strength was achieved when using 280°C for 60 seconds.
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