Journal articles: 'Hot Standby Router Protocol'

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Firmansyah, Firmansyah, Rachmat Adi Purnama, Anton Anton, and Rachmawati Darma Astuti. "Performa Redundancy Link Hot Standby Router Protocol IPv6 With Routing EIGRP for IPv6." Jurnal Sains dan Informatika 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34128/jsi.v7i1.297.

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Pengalokasi IP Address versi 4 (IPv4) yang mulai menipis berjalan secara beriringan dengan semakin meningkatnya kebu-tuhan dunia teknologi informasi. Untuk memenuhi permintaan dari penggunaan IP Address, maka diterapkanlah Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). Hadirnya IPv6 diharapkan menjadi sebuah solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh IPv4 seperti permasalahan terbatasnya alokasi IP Address dan keamanan jaringan komputer. Pengimplementasian IP Address didalam jaringan komputer tidak lepas dari adanya protokol routing. Routing protocol Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) pun ikut berkembang dengan adanya penggunaan IPv6 menjadi EIGRP for IPv6 (EIGRPv6). Perkem-bangan jaringan haruslah mempertimbangkan faktor Quality of Service (QoS) di dalamnya. Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) IPv6 hadir untuk memastikan layanan jaringan dapat berjalan dengan maximal dan stabil saat terjadinya link failure pada layanan jaringan. HSRP IPv6 mampu mengoptimalkan packet loss saat terjadinya redundancy dengan nol (0) packet loss, serta redundancy time yang dibutuhkan saat terjadinya redundancy dari router active menuju router standby 10 second dan router standby menuju router active 26,2 second

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PRAMAWAHYUDI, PRAMAWAHYUDI, RAMDHANI SYAHPUTRA, and AHMAD RIDWAN. "Evaluasi Kinerja First Hop Redundancy Protocols untuk Topologi Star di Routing EIGRP." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i3.627.

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ABSTRAKDalam perancangan jaringan, yang terpenting adalah faktor ketersediaan, mengurangi kegagalan, dan mengatasi beban lalu lintas yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengimplementasikan dan mengevaluasi sistem First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) pada jaringan topologi star dengan menggunakan routing EIGRP. Hasil dari pengujian kinerja rata-rata delay menunjukkan selisih antara router master dan backup pada protokol Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) lebih baik yaitu hanya 0,003 detik, sedangkan pada protokol Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) 0,076 detik dan protokol Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 0,075 detik. Pada pengujian rata-rata packet loss protokol GLBP menunjukkan selisih yang cukup besar antara router master dan backup yaitu 12,07 %, sedangkan pada protokol VRRP 0,07 % dan protokol HSRP 5,06 %. Namun pada hasil pengujian rata-rata throughtput protokol HSRP lebih stabil yaitu 0,60 Kbps pada router master dan 0,90 Kbps pada router backup, sedangkan protokol VRRP paling tidak stabil karena mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan yaitu 0,458 Kbps pada router master dan 1,11 Kbps pada router backup.Kata kunci: FHRP, VRRP, GLBP, HSRP, Routing, EIGRP, Protokol ABSTRACTThere are several important considerations in designing a network, including availability, minimizing failure, and handling high traffic data. The current research aims to implement and evaluate the First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) system on star topology networks using EIGRP routing. The result shows the average performance difference of the master and the backup router in Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) protocol is 0,003 second, while in Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) protocol is 0,076 second, and Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) protocol is 0,075 second. The test in GLBP protocol shows a significant difference in packet loss between master and backup router about 12,07%, while in VRRP protocol is 0,07%, and HSRP protocol is 5,06%. The average throughput in HSRP protocol is stable with 0,60 Kbps in the master router and 0,90 in the backup router, while in VRRP protocol is not stable with 0,458 Kbps in the master router and 1,11 Kbps in the backup router. Keywords: FHRP, VRRP, GLBP, HSRP, Routing, EIGRP, Protocol

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Rakhmawati, Nur Aini, Febriliyan Samopa, and Royyana Muslim Ijtihadie. "PERANGKAT LUNAK SEMI HOT STANDBY ROUTER PROTOCOL PADA PC ROUTER BERBASIS LINUX." JUTI: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24068535.v4i1.a242.

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Mohamed, Ala Mohamed Ali, Joseph Ng Poh Soon, Wong See Wan, Phan Koo Yuen, and Lim Ean Heng. "Hot Standby Router Protocol for a Private University in Malaysia." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijset/v4s3/311.

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Haryoyudhanto, Hendy Dwi, Iskandar Fitri, and Andri Aningsih. "Implementasi Encapsulation Jaringan Redudansi VLAN Menggunakan Metode Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)." JOINTECS (Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science) 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jointecs.v5i1.1247.

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Local Area Network is currently often used to minimize a public work, different network segmentation in a building requires attention in designing a network that has dense traffic and often occurs down and vails over on a network flow, certainly requires performance optimal and efficient network, by way of network encapsulation with one channel and dividing each network segmentation by VLAN. The purpose of this paper is to apply a design by optimizing a network using the network redundancy method to create a more optimal network. This redundancy method is a method that moves a network path when downtime occurs on one of the routers that are automatically changed to an active router and a standby router. In the implementation of the design using GNS3 software to create network topology and design. With the results of tests that have been carried out using the simulator, packet loss from using the HSRP method is at VLAN10 0.11%, VLAN20 0.13%, VLAN30 0.30%, VLAN40 0.13%, VLAN50 0.22% AND VLAN60 0.16%. So the purpose of research makes a network more optimal and flexible

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Claudia, Michelle, and Muhammad Rifqi. "Analisa Perbandingan Performansi Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) dengan Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) Pada Router Spoke DMVPN." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v5i2.2846.

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The use of internet connections to develop Virtual Private Network (VPN) lines in companies has been massively applied. An example is the use of Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) technology from Cisco, which can connect Spoke or branch offices through HUB or data centers. Besides requiring a secure network, companies also need high network availability. One of them is by using the redundancy method in order to minimize downtime when device damage occurs. In this research, the spoke router will apply two redundancy methods by Cisco, which are Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) and Gateway Load Balancing (GLBP). This research aims to compare the QoS performances and downtime between the two protocols in order to discover the suitable method for DMVPN networks at branch offices. The test scenario is conducted on the GNS-3 simulator using the File Trasnfer Protocol (FTP) service. The obtained test result shows that the HSRP throughput value is smaller from the GLBP with a difference of 0.20%, the increase in the average delay of the HSRP is smaller from the GLBP with a difference of 1.07%. The HSRP data transfer time is faster than GLBP with a difference of 1.49%, and HSRP downtime is 4.13% faster than GLBP. The conclusion is that a suitable redundancy solution for spoke router using the HSRP method

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Geraldi, Tommy Elco, Moh Iwan Wahyuddin, and Andri Aningsih. "Perancangan Backup Link Menggunakan Metode HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) Dalam Penyediaan Layer-3 Redundansi." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v4i1.1873.

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With the increase of internet user today, if it only has one router, when the router experiencing a network failure, then the internet cannot be used. To overcome this problem, the HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) method by creating one active link and one backup link has been applied in the previous research. In this research will be applying the HSRP, VTP (Vlan Trunking Protocol), InterVLAN, and VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) as a comparison. The testing parameter in this research will be using packet loss and throughput. From the result of testing that has been done, it shows that by applying the HSRP method, it gives a network availability with the packet loss of only 0,32%, and throughput of 1,159Mb/s (95,58%) from using 100 PC.

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Puspitasari, Anggi, Hairistryan Hairistryan, and Raudah Nasution. "IMPLEMENTASI HOT STANDBY ROUTER PROTOCOL (HSRP) PADA PT INDONESIA POWER JAKARTA PUSAT." JIKA (Jurnal Informatika) 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jika.v4i2.2611.

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Akmaluddin, Ahmad, Arini Arini, and Siti Ummi Masruroh. "Evalusi Kinerja Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) dan Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) untuk Layanan Video Streaming." Cyber Security dan Forensik Digital 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/csecurity.2019.2.1.1445.

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Realtime (streaming) data communication has become a major requirement for companies and government institutions. Communication that occurs is not only limited to one particular local area but covers other areas so as to form a broad network (WAN). In building network infrastructure, one of the most important things is how networks can deal with failure (failure) on a computer network consists of failure of devices (devices) that affect Quality of Services (QoS). In every internet network design process, a redundant line is always added to complete the main line. So that if the main line is disrupted, data traffic can be transferred to the backup path, this process is called network redundancy. So that if one gateway dies, another gateway will immediately replace the dead gateway. There are two protocols included in the FHRP, namely Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP), and Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP), these two protocols that can overcome this problem. So from that this study will discuss which protocol between the two protocols has the best performance in overcoming the problem. Methods of data collection with literature studies and literature studies, simulations carried out with 8 stages (problem formulation, conceptual models, input & output data, modeling, simulation, verification & validation, experimentation, and output analysis). The results of this study provide the best QoS value for the delay value is the HSRP ROUTER protocol, and for the value of packet loss is HSRP, and for throughput value is HSRP and the routing protocol that is appropriate for the network for video streaming services is HSRP

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Baskoro, Andri Nuki, Anton Anton, and Puji Astuti. "DESIGNING A ROUTER REDUCTION SYSTEM USING HOT STANDBY ROUTER PROTOCOL METHOD FOR BACKUP LINK IN DITJEN PPKL." Jurnal Techno Nusa Mandiri 17, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33480/techno.v17i2.1643.

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Computer networks play an important role in data communication at companies or government institutions to support them in terms of work. In this case, the authors conducted observational research and direct interviews with IT staff at the Ditjen PPKL Control about how the network operates in that place. Routers have a very important role in data communication and connecting different networks, so a router reduction system is needed as a solution to minimize failures on the network or these devices. The network topology in each office or government agency is different, which makes the problems in each government office or agency different. Based on the research that has been done, the network of the Ditjen PPKL often experiences a link down which causes disconnection of the internet connection and hinders the productivity of staff. So a router redundancy system is needed to maintain network availability, such as the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) which has two lines, one as the mainline and the other as a backup if the mainline is down. That way network availability will always be maintained without having to wait for the IT staff to do troubleshooting if there is a network failure. The result of this research is to provide maintained network availability. Even if a link goes down, the network will automatically return to normal.

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Sekar, G., and S. Valarmathy. "Embedded Crypto Compression Scheme for Secure Transmission of Biometric Data Using Hot Standby Router Protocol." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 5030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6914.

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Sheghdara, Maged, and Jameleddine Hassine. "Automatic retrieval and analysis of high availability scenarios from system execution traces: A case study on hot standby router protocol." Journal of Systems and Software 161 (March 2020): 110490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.110490.

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Suzanti, Ika Oktavia, and Reza Pulungan. "Verifikasi Dua Varian Protokol Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector dengan UPPAAL." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.6636.

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AbstrakMobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) adalah sekumpulan wireless mobile yang terhubung satu sama lain tanpa infrastruktur yang tetap sehingga perubahan topologi dapat terjadi setiap saat. Protokol routing MANET memiliki dua model yaitu protokol routing reaktif yang membentuk tabel routing hanya saat dibutuhkan dan protokol routing proaktif yang melakukan pemeliharaan tabel routing secara berkala. Properti umum yang harus dipenuhi oleh protokol jaringan ad-hoc adalah route discovery, packet delivery dan loop fredom. AODV merupakan protokol reaktif MANET yang memiliki standar waktu berapa lama sebuah rute dapat digunakan (route validity), sehingga properti route discovery dan packet delivery harus dapat dipenuhi dalam waktu tersebut. Proses verifikasi protokol dilakukan dengan memodelkan spesifikasi protokol menggunakan teknik, tool, dan bahasa matematis. Pada penelitian ini bahasa pemodelan yang digunakan adalah timed automata, yaitu bahasa pemodelan untuk memodelkan sistem yang memiliki ketergantungan terhadap waktu tertentu pada setiap prosesnya. Verifikasi protokol dilakukan secara otomatis dengan mengggunakan tool model checker UPPAAL.Protokol yang diverifikasi adalah protokol AODV Break Avoidance milik Ali Khosrozadeh dkk dan protokol AODV Reliable Delivery dari Liu-Jian dan Fang-Min. Hasil verifikasi protokol membuktikan bahwa protokol AODV Break Avoidance mampu memenuhi properti route discovery dan protokol AODV Reliable Delivery mampu memenuhi properti packet delivery dalam waktu sesuai dengan spesifikasi. Kata kunci —Verifikasi Protokol, Timed Automata, AODV, UPPAAL Abstract MANET is a group of wireless mobile that connected one to each other without fixed infrastructure so topology could change at anytime. MANET routing protocol has two models which are reactive routing protocol that built routing table only when needed and proactive routing protocol that maintain routing table periodically. General property which had to be satisfied by ad-hoc network protocol are route discovery, packet delivery and loop freedom. AODV is a reactive protocol in MANET that has time standard to determine how long a route is valid to be used (route validity) so route discovery and packet delivery property should be satisfied in a specifically certain time. Protocol verification process done by modeling protocol specification using technique, tool and mathematic language.In this research protocol modeled using timed automata which is a modeling language that could be used to model a time dependent system in each process. Verification using timed automata can automatically done by UPPAAL tool model checker.Protocol which will be verified are AODV Break Avoidance by Ali Khosrozadeh et al. and AODV Reliable Delivery by Liu Jian and Fang-Min. Result of this protocol verification prove that AODV BA could satisfied route discovery property and AODV Reliable Delivery could satisfied packet delivery property within their specification time. Keywords—Protocol Verification, Timed Automata, AODV, UPPAAL

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Syahputra, Ramdhani, Rahmadi Kurnia, and Rian Ferdian. "Analysis of FHRP Design and Implementation in RIPv2 and OSPF Routing Protocols." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 4, no. 1 (February 8, 2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v4i1.1490.

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The high reliability of data access has become a problem faced by many companies, institutions, and universities. For this reason, a protocol required that can protect the network from a communication breakdown. One method used to maintain communication is by implementing a protocol redundancy system. One or more routers will act as the primary router for load balancing, and some routers are in standby mode if one main router is down. First hop redundancy protocols (FHRP) is a protocol that implements redundancy and load balancing systems. This protocol can transfer access data traffic if one of the routers on the network is down. FHRP divided into virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) and gateway load balancing Protocol (GLBP). This research analyzes the design and implementation to provide information about the quality of VRRP and GLBP services on the main router and the backup router, by using an application graphical network simulator (GNS) simulation 3. In the GNS3 application, a LAN network topology is designed with eight router devices in the form of a ring topology using RIPv2 and OSPF routing protocols, then implemented in protocols VRRP and GLBP. The analysis results show that GLBP can back up the network faster than VRRP when the primary router is down. If implemented into a LAN network with RIPv2 and OSPF routing protocols, VRRP has better service quality than GLBP.

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TONAPA, OTNIEL, PAULINE RAHMIATI, and DEBORA KOMBA. "Analisis Performansi Konektifitas Pada Jaringan Wireless Broadband di Bandung." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v2i2.162.

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ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi komunikasi Wireless mengarah ke teknologi yang berbasis jaringan IP (Internet Protocol). Access Point adalah suatu perangkat Wireless Router. Access point membentuk hot spot, sedangkan Wireless Router mengatur lalu lintas data. Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini yaitu Quality of Service (QoS), antara lain pengukuran jitter, delay, dan packet loss yang dihasilkan dalam layanan paket data. Nilai jitter rata-rata sesama pengguna modem ADSL yang terhubung dengan access point pada smartphone bernilai 143.36 ms sedangkan pada laptop berada pada nilai 45.6 ms. Nilai jitter sesama penguna modem GPON, nilai rata-rata pada smartphone bernilai 133.12 ms, sedangkan pada laptop berada pada nilai 45.56 ms. Nilai rata-rata delay sesama pengguna modem ADSL pada smartphone bernilai 99.04 ms, sedangkan pada laptop sebesar 56.33 ms. Nilai rata-rata delay pada sesama pengguna modem GPON pada smartphone adalah 97.96 ms sedangkan pada laptop sebesar 56.15 ms. Packet loss dari hasil pengujian keduanya memiliki presentase sama yaitu 1%.Kata kunci: Teknologi Digital Subscriber Line, Jaringan Optik Pasif, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Quality of Service (QoS)ABSTRACTWireless communication technology development leading to technologies that network-based IP (Internet Protocol). Access Point Wireless Router is a device. Access point forming a hot spot, while the router manage data traffic. Parameters measured in this research is Quality of Service (QoS). among other things, measuring jitter, delay, and packet loss. resulting in packet data service. Jitter value among ADSL fellow have the average on smartphones 143.36 ms. On laptop average be at 45.6 ms. While jitter value among GPON fellow user have the average on smartphone 133.12 ms. On laptop average be at 45.56 ms. The average value of the delay to ADSL fellow users on smartphones 99.04 ms and on laptop average be at 56.33 ms. While delay value among GPON fellow user have the average on smartphone 97.96 ms while on laptop average be 56.15 ms. Packet loss from the test results, both have the same percentage of 1%.Keywords: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), Gigabyte Passive Optical Network (GPON), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Quality of Service (QoS)

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Liu, Hairen, and Wei Zhang. "Data Analysis of Athletes’ Physiological Indexes in Training and Competition Based on Wireless Sensor Network." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 18, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5923893.

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The application of physiological and biochemical indicators in athlete training and competition has become a hot research topic in related fields at home and abroad. Both coaches and scientific researchers hope to use quantitative physiological and biochemical indicators to study the load, fatigue, and recovery of athletes in training competitions and use them to scientifically guide athletes in training competitions, improve sports performance, and reduce injuries. This article introduces in detail the development status of wireless sensor network technology, energy consumption detection system, and ZigBee technology. On this basis, the focus is on the design of the detection terminal (coordinator and router node), the routing protocol of the ZigBee network, and the algorithm for the detection of human energy consumption. This subject proposes a design plan for the human exercise energy consumption detection system and researches and designs the wireless sensor network coordinator, router node, and host computer monitoring system. The microprocessors of the two types of network nodes use the single-chip microcomputer. Among them, the router node is composed of sensor modules, data transmission modules, and power modules; the software part is transplanted to ZigBee protocol Z-Stack, combined with the routing algorithm, and we add the corresponding node function code to achieve them. Based on the introduction of the development status and development points of the single-chip-based motion wireless sensor, this article focuses on the analysis of the single-chip-based motion wireless sensor network products. The common features of the single-chip microcomputer are wireless, huge low power consumption, and simple development. Engineering practice shows that the designed system is relatively good in terms of reliability and stability of data transmission; even in the case of severe noise interference and electromagnetic interference, the probability of network nodes malfunctioning is still very small. The router node processes and analyzes the collected motion data, calculates the energy consumption and motion state of human motion based on the acceleration value of each axis and extracts data characteristics, and transmits the obtained results to the coordinator for real-time display.

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Wang, Ling, Bo Mo, Qin Hua Li, and Hong Mei. "Design of New Intelligent Redundant Serial Bus with Isolated Driver in the Distributed Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 527 (February 2014): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.527.242.

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In the distributed control system, to make sure the running of the system bus is long-term, stable and reliable, we design a new intelligent redundant serial bus as the system bus, and it will be introduced in this article. The new intelligent redundant serial bus (IRSBUS) is able to be configured into a dual redundant synchronous bus or a quadruple redundant asynchronous bus, and its redundancy is hot redundant that means two groups of the four signals are working together. We mainly design a redundant IP core, a redundant protocol and the byte format. The IP core of IRSBUS consists of the following major modules: Intelligent Signal Router, Signal Transceiver, Lines-connecting Status Detector, Synchronous Controller (Master), Synchronous Transponder (Slave), Redundant Results Decider, Interrupt Generator, Dual-port RAMs, Control and Status Registers, Master / Slave Redundant Logical Controller. The redundant protocol and byte format provide an extremely strict timing to synchronize the master-slaves and transmit the information. We show that our design allow to compare the redundant data to arrive at the correct results. It also provides a way to regroup the remaining signal lines into a system bus when one or two of the four signal lines are broken. And then it detects the lines-connection status every 100 milliseconds.

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Hariadi, Fajar. "Manual Load Balancing pada Redundancy Link Menggunakan Multi-Group Hot Standby Router Protocol." Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi 7, no. 1 (April 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jutisi.v7i1.3403.

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Redundancy Link merupakan upaya pencegahan permasalahan jaringan dengan menyediakan jalur cadangan terhadap jalur utama yang digunakan. Redundancy Link untuk layer 3 Network memiliki beberapa metode, salah satunya adalah Hot Standby Router Protokol (HSRP). Secara default HSRP tidak memiliki fitur Load Balancing, oleh karena itu dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas penerapan Load Balancing menggunakan beberapa Group HSRP secara manual pada empat buah VLAN. Hasil yang didapat adalah proses transisi penanganan failover dan recovery berlangsung mulus dan jarang terjadi hilangnya packet atau time out, namun terjadi peningkatan delay selama beberapa saat sebelum akhirnya kembali normal. Selain itu didapati bahwa terjadi perbedaan yang cukup signifikan antara waktu failover dan recovery yang diperlukan ketika terjadi permasalahan jaringan pada satu interface fisik dan interface dengan empat sub-interface yang mewakili empat Group HSRP untuk masing-masing VLAN. Dimana penanganan failover antara keduanya memiliki selisih waktu 6.35 detik, sedangkan waktu recovery memiliki selisih waktu sebesar 6.58 detik.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hot Standby Router Protocol'

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