Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hot water thermal energy stores

Academic literature on the topic 'Hot water thermal energy stores'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Hot water thermal energy stores":

1

Chauvet, L. P., S. D. Probert, and D. J. Nevrala. "Thermal-energy stores for supplying domestic hot-water and space-heating." Applied Energy 48, no. 2 (January 1994): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(94)90022-1.

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Kanimozhi, B., and B. R. Ramesh Bapu. "Experimental Study of Thermal Energy Storage in Solar System Using PCM." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1027.

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This paper summary the investigation and analysis of thermal energy storage extracted from solar heater and use for domestic purpose. Choosing a suitable phase change materials paraffin wax used for storing thermal energy in insulation tank. The tank carries minimum of 45 liters capacity of water and 50 numbers copper tubes each copper tube carries minimum of 100 grams PCM materials. Inside the tank phase change materials are receiving hot water from solar panel. This solar energy is stored in Copper tubes each copper tube contains PCM Materials as latent heat energy. Latent heat is absorbed and stored in Copper tubes .Large quantity of solar energy can be stored in a day time and same heat can be retrieved for later use. The tank was instrumented to measure inlet and outlet water temperature. The differences of temperature of the water is measured in a definite interval of time have been noted then calculating heat transfer rate and system effectiveness. The heat storage system is to be applied to store solar energy and the stored heat is used for domestic hot water supply system.
3

Fadl, Mohamed, and Philip Eames. "Thermal Performance Analysis of the Charging/Discharging Process of a Shell and Horizontally Oriented Multi-Tube Latent Heat Storage System." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 6193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236193.

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In this study, the thermal performance of latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTESS) prototype to be used in a range of thermal systems (e.g., solar water heating systems, space heating/domestic hot water applications) is designed, fabricated, and experimentally investigated. The thermal store comprised a novel horizontally oriented multitube heat exchanger in a rectangular tank (forming the shell) filled with 37.8 kg of phase change material (PCM) RT62HC with water as the working fluid. The assessment of thermal performance during charging (melting) and discharging (solidification) was conducted under controlled several operational conditions comprising the heat transfer fluid (HTF) volume flow rates and inlet temperatures. The experimental investigations reported are focused on evaluating the transient PCM average temperature distribution at different heights within the storage unit, charging/discharging time, instantaneous transient charging/discharging power, and the total cumulative thermal energy stored/released. From the experimental results, it is noticed that both melting/solidification time significantly decreased with increase HTF volume flow rate and that changing the HTF inlet temperature shows large impacts on charging time compared to changing the HTF volume flow rate. During the discharging process, the maximum power output was initially 4.48 kW for HTF volume flow rate of 1.7 L/min, decreasing to 1.0 kW after 52.3 min with 2.67 kWh of heat delivered. Based on application heat demand characteristics, required power levels and heat demand can be fulfilled by employing several stores in parallel or series.
4

Abu-Hamdeh, Nidal H., and Khalid A. Alnefaie. "Energy and exergy analysis and optimum working conditions of a renewable energy system using a transient systems simulation program." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 4 (March 2, 2020): 1248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720908071.

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A solar tri-generation system comprises of photovoltaic thermal collectors that are used for the production of electrical power and domestic hot water simultaneously. This study presents the performance analysis of a micro-solar tri-generation system that fulfills the requirements of an off-grid single-family lodging. The main functions of this system include domestic hot water, electrical power, and cooling power production. A set of five photovoltaic thermal panels were modeled together. The electrical power generated was stored in a battery, while the hot water generated was passed through a flow diverting valve. This valve directed some of the hot water to an absorption chiller, while the remaining portion was sent to an insulated thermal storage tank for later use. Energy and exergy analyses were performed to evaluate the extracted energy’s quality and efficiency. The overall thermal energy efficiency achieved was 50.53%. The extracted energy in the form of hot water was 3777.5 W. The electrical power generated was 2984.6 W, which was sufficient for the small single-family lodging. The coefficient of performance of the absorption chiller was found to be 0.6152. The exergy efficiency achieved was 36.88%. The exergy extracted by hot water was 234.3 W, while the electrical exergy generated was 2984.6 W. The exergy extracted during refrigeration was found to be 91.22 W. Furthermore, varying wind speeds and tilt angles affected both the energy and exergy efficiencies. The tilt angle must be kept at less than 45°, and the optimum wind speed was determined to be 35 km/h.
5

Melnikov, Vladimir, Uladzimir Navaseltsau, and Dzina Navaseltsava. "Energy efficiency of multi-apartment residential houses with individual heat supply." E3S Web of Conferences 212 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021201011.

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Centralized hot water systems widely used in Russia and Belarus are characterized by a considerable length and branching which inevitably leads to increased heat losses and to an unstable hydraulic system. The operation of the domestic hot water system in the circulation mode can be characterized by several parameters; one of which is the specific ratio of the cost of thermal energy for heating a cubic meter of hot water. The parameter is often regulated by law in Russia; exceeding this parameter is considered as administrative violation. The aim of the research is to determine the design and actual costs of thermal energy for hot water supply (hot water heating) and their comparison, analysis of the data obtained. The methodology for determining the design and real costs of thermal energy for hot water supply was to study the operation of the hot water supply system of a residential 144-apartment 9-storey building. The research showed that the actual circulating flow rate is much less than the calculated circulating flow rate. The authors note that in order to optimize the standard for heating a cubic meter of water it is necessary to observe the calculated circulation modes. This will require stabilization of the hydraulic systems of both the external and internal networks which is a difficult but feasible task. The research results are supposed to be taken into account when setting up existing hot water supply systems.
6

Marchi Neto, I., S. D. R. Oliveira, A. Padilha, and V. L. Scalon. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HOT WATER STORAGE TANKS FROM A DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v7i2.61749.

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The extreme necessity to diversify the sources of renewable energy motivates the search for methods of recycling of thermal energy losses of equipments. Thus, these energy losses can be used as a new source of energy for water heating and storage in a Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank (DHWST). Therefore, an experimental apparatus is proposed with a cylindrical tank for liquid storage. The main objective of this experimental test is the estimation of the coefficient of comprehensive energy performance (COP) relative to the system and the analysis of the hot water storage through the stratification technique. The storage and use of this form of energy utilizes a shell and tube heat exchanger, whose function is to condensate the cooling liquid using water in countercurrent, which substitutes the refrigerator finned condenser. Thermal energy losses are collected by the thermosiphon principle, and stored as sensible heat in the tank. The results showed the full operation of the modified refrigeration system as well as the storage of hot water at satisfactory thermal levels for domestic use, since this is a commercially manufactured refrigerator.
7

Benzaoui, Ahmed, and Najla El Gharbi. "Exhaust Thermal Energy Use and Optimization in Remote Areas." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.309.

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In these recent thirty years, several investigations have been encouraged and done about the environment improve and the enhancement of the energy efficiency. In some arid areas, an important agrarian activity is developed because the fecundity of the soil and the presence of an important underground reservoir of water. The fruits production is important and must be stored for few months before its delivery to consumers. In order to protect the production some cold rooms have been constructed for more than 30 years. They need to be renewed. The extracted water is hot and must be cooled for its use in irrigation. This work is concerned by these two topics; renewing the cold rooms as recommended in Kyoto protocol and use of heat recovered from that released by the hot water. Fur this purpose an absorption refrigeration process is adopted using a not prohibited refrigerant and waste heat recovered as energy source. A reduced cold room is designed for theoretical simulation and experimental tests. Calculations and results are presented and discussed.
8

Rehbinder, G. "Thermal interactions between water and rock in an underground hot-water store." Applied Energy 20, no. 2 (January 1985): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(85)90027-3.

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Weber, Rebecca, Henner Kerskes, and Harald Drück. "Development of a Combined Hot Water and Sorption Store for Solar Thermal Systems." Energy Procedia 48 (2014): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.055.

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Li, Chunying, Haida Tang, Jianhua Ding, and Yuanli Lyu. "Numerical research on thermal performance of water-flow window as hospital curtain-wall." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101059.

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Water-flow window can reduce indoor cooling load from direct solar radiation and preheat domestic hot water at the same time. It is quite suitable for hospital with patient wards and large demand of hot water, especially buildings with large area of glazing curtain-wall. Field measurement was carried out during July 2018 at a major comprehensive hospital in Shenzhen, and the inner surface of the four-storey west-facing glazing curtain-wall reached over 45.6oC in the daytime. The year-round energy-saving potential is investigated by applying water-flow window to the curtain-wall through programme simulation, with a pre-validated FORTRAN programme. The results show that the year-round solar energy utilization rate can reach as high as 9.4%, and the indoor thermal environment is better, compared with conventional window design. The preheated water can be used in wards for showering and help building energy conservation. Water-flow window has great potential for large-scale application within similar buildings.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hot water thermal energy stores":

1

Cohen, R. R. "Thermal energy accumulation in stratified hot water stores." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4195.

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Hot water thermal energy stores have the potential to improve and extend the performance of many kinds of energy system. Waperature stratification in the store is likely to affect the system's efficiency. A basic but accurate computer model of the hot water store under various inlet flow conditions is a requisite means of assesiing promising applications of hot water storage by system computer simulation techniques. A microprocessor-controlled test facility has been constructed to evaluate the performance of a 3m 3 hot water store under a wide range of inlet flow conditions, using a temperature step input approach. Three types of inlet/outlet ports have been examined: horizontal, vertical and distributors. The results show that two distinct regions evolve within the store: a fully-mixed region adjacent to the inlet port and a region of smooth 'plug-flow' in the remaining volume of the store. The performance of the store is shown to be defined by the initial depth of the fully-mixed region which in turn is seen to be closely related to the buoyancy and momentum fluxes of the inlet flow. The behAviour of the store and the evident correlations have enabled a one-dimensional computer model of the store to be developed, taking into account the turbulent mixing, vertical heat conduction and heat losses to the surrounding areas. The model has been successfully validated against the results from the step input experiments. The model has been integrated into a computer simulated central heating system which incorporates a hot water store. Predictions have been made, using the simulation, of the energy savings which may be achieved with the use of storage in comparison to a conventional system, and an assessment has been made of the economic viability of the application.
2

Melo, Manuel. "Economic Evaluation of a Solar Charged Thermal Energy Store for Space Heating." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energi och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13299.

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A thermal energy store corrects the misalignment of heating demand in the winter relative to solar thermal energy gathered in the summer. This thesis reviews the viability of a solar charged hot water tank thermal energy store for a school at latitude 56.25N, longitude -120.85W
3

Maples, David William. "The Solar Energy Tracker." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4420.

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Reference is increasingly being made towards the need for the world to find new and renewable forms of energy, especially for electric power generation, but also for space heating and the heating of water. Solar energy is one of the cheapest forms of renewable energy available and is so far one of the most underutilised resources. One contribution makes reference to the way forward as being ‘using concentrating solar power which uses parabolic mirrors to focus the solar heat (energy) and generate steam to drive electric generators’ as is currently happening in the utility power marketplace in the USA. This thesis deals with the issues surrounding the original development of a two axis solar energy tracking system (SET) in 1997. The subsequent redesign, development and upgrade, undertaken from 2002 to 2006, with its performance and efficiency being measured in 2006 and 2007 using a specially configured measurement and recording system. A Solar Energy Tracker (SET) is designed to track the sun moving in two axes, reflecting the solar radiation received on its mirrors to a target mounted at the end of a boom, at the focal point of the mirrors. In late 2005 and early 2006, a solar thermal hot water manufacturer and installer heard about the developments and requested some form of involvement, especially if Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology (CPIT) provided research input and assisted in the further development and testing of solar thermal hot water systems. This sponsor offered two projects in 2006 and again in 2007. Other solar thermal hot water suppliers also requested involvement in the research and development being performed at CPIT, which led in August 2006, December 2006, June 2007 and December 2007, to a number of other solar thermal hot water and air wall systems being installed. Progressively, the roof of C block at CPIT has become full of solar thermal hot water systems and solar air wall systems, both of the conventional type and those with newer technologies at the core of their development. This thesis outlines the stages in the redesign and development of the SET, and the various stages in its testing, development and refinement up to its present form. The thesis chapters are written based around the mechanical and electrical design, the auto-tracking and daylight controls, the PLC (programmable logic controller) controller, the mirror and substrate testing, the SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system, the testing and comparison with other domestic solar thermal hot water systems and finally the testing of the SET itself. It also details the future developments and outlines possible uses for the SET in its redefined form. With clean and polished mirrors the SET has proven itself capable of achieving a temperature rise across the target of 15 °C at a flow rate of 4 l/m. On some occasions this temperature rise can be in excess of 20 °C, but testing thus far, has shown this cannot be sustained for any worthwhile period of time (15-30 minutes). This translates to an efficiency of 5-10 % when related to an energy produced per twenty four hour time period. However, if the efficiency is calculated for the actual period of generation, ‘generation efficiency,’ then this figure rises to 24 %. An overview is given of associated solar thermal hot water and solar air wall system research and development (that is ongoing at CPIT) as well as the performance and efficiency graphs for the solar thermal hot water systems on test. No manufacturer’s, industry or brand trade names are mentioned, as this research is still confidential and commercially sensitive. However, the technology involved and characterised by each solar thermal system is recorded in a generic sense. The SET was originally developed with the purpose of heating hot water and today this is still the intent. The possible applications for this hot water are many and varied from electricity generation, space heating and further into developing or new industrial processes. The performances of the other domestic solar thermal hot water systems currently under test, are compared with the figures from the SET, with the maximum efficiency, presently available, being from an evacuated tube heat pipe system at up to 65 %, whereas traditional finned flat plate technologies have efficiencies after twelve months of up to 48 %.
4

Urbaneck, Thorsten, Fabian Findeisen, Jan Markus Mücke, Stephan Lang, Markus Gensbaur, Dominik Bestenlehner, Harald Drück, Robert Beyer, and Konrad Pieper. "Oberirdische Speicher in Segmentbauweise für Wärmeversorgungssysteme – OBSERW: Abschlussbericht zum Verbundvorhaben." Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21071.

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Im Projekt wurde eine alternative Speicherkonstruktion im Bereich von 500 bis 6000 m3 für den Betrieb in Solar- und Fernwärmesystemen entwickelt. Ausgangspunkt bilden große Kaltwasserspeicher in Segmentbauweise. Die Bautechnologie bietet ein signifikantes Kostenreduktionspotenzial gegenüber geschweißten Flachbodentanks, konnte bisher aber nicht auf Wärmespeicher übertragen werden. Aufgrund der dünnwandigen Bauweise und der Projektziele musste eine Überarbeitung des Wandaufbaus, der Einbauten und der Peripherie erfolgen. Dieser Bericht liefert eine Beschreibung des Speicher-Systems und die Ergebnisse des Verbundvorhabens. Die Funktionsfähigkeit wurde mit einem dreistufigen Verfahren nachgewiesen. Das geplante Vorgehen mit Laborversuchen im kleinen Maßstab bis zum Test mit einem Demonstrator im Realmaßstab (100 m3) war notwendig und zielführend. Die Bearbeitung der Hauptaufgaben (z. B. Materialuntersuchungen, Konstruktion, Betrieb) erfolgte vernetzt durch die beteiligten Forschungsinstitutionen. Das grundlegende Potenzial für eine spätere Anwendung in solaren Nahwärmesystemen oder Sekundärnetzgebieten der klassischen Fernwärme sind gegeben. Vor allem im Bereich der Beladung und im Wandaufbau konnten große Verbesserungen erzielt werden. Weitere Optimierungen und die Umsetzung mit größeren Speichern stehen noch aus.
In the project, an alternative construction for thermal energy stores in the range of 500 to 6000 m3 was developed for operation in solar and district heating systems. Large cold water storage tanks in segmental construction are the starting point. Their construction technology offers a significant potential for cost reduction compared to welded flat-bottom tanks, but could so far not be transferred to hot water storage tanks. Due to the new design and the project objectives, the wall structure, the internals and the periphery had to be completely revised. This report provides a description of the storage system and the results of the joint project. The functionality was proven with a three-stage procedure. The planned procedure with laboratory tests on a small scale up to the test with a demonstrator on a real scale (100 m3) was necessary and purposeful. The main tasks (e.g. material testing, design, operation) were carried out by the participating research institutions in a network. The basic potential for a later application in solar local heating systems or secondary network areas of conventional district heating is given. Significant improvements were realized, especially in regard of the charging system and the wall construction. However, further optimizations and the transfer to larger storage tanks is still pending.
5

Cemo, Thomas A. Van Treuren Kenneth W. "Design and validation of a solar domestic hot water heating simulator." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5357.

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6

Bouhal, Tarik. "Solar hot water production and thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) for solar air-conditioning applications in Morocco." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3006.

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Cette thèse présente les résultats de recherche, de modélisation et de simulation d'un système de rafraîchissement solaire au Maroc dans le cadre du projet PRSM (Procédés de Rafraîchissement Solaire au Maroc) financé par l'IRESEN (Institut de Recherche en Energie Solaire et Energies Nouvelles). L'objectif est d'étudier les facteurs concernant l'optimisation d'une machine à absorption solaire (LiBr-H2O) sous les conditions marocaines. De plus, un certain nombre de critères de conception, qui peuvent être utilisés par les concepteurs de systèmes de climatisation et de chauffage solaires, ont été établis en tenant compte de considérations énergétiques et économiques. En conséquence, cette thèse couvre quatre aspects. Le premier aspect présente un aperçu de recherche bibliographique sur les technologies solaires, en mettant l'accent sur les systèmes du froid solaire, les processus pertinents existants, l'état du marché, les développements récents des technologies les plus prometteuses et les principaux indicateurs de performance qui figurent dans la littérature. De plus, l'aspect expérimental de l'installation de climatisation solaire adopté dans le projet PRSM a été décrit pour identifier les caractéristiques techniques importantes de l'installation et les difficultés rencontrées lors de la réalisation du prototype. La deuxième dimension concerne la faisabilité technique d'un système de climatisation solaire en se basant sur des indicateurs énergétiques et économiques et prenant en compte les effets combinés des climats, des catégories de bâtiments et des besoins en climatisation dans les conditions marocaines. Le troisième aspect présente le stockage latent de l'énergie thermique utilisant les matériaux à changement de phase (MCPs). Il porte sur l'étude des méthodes numériques utilisées dans la modélisation des phénomènes de changement de phase et se concentre également sur l'ajout des MCPs dans le système de climatisation solaire intégré à l'intérieur du ballon solaire connecté au générateur de la machine à absorption pour évaluer l'amélioration possible du rendement du système. Le quatrième volet de cette thèse présente l'analyse technico-économique et de sensibilité appliquée au développement d'un procédé solaire combiné d'eau chaude sanitaire, chauffage et climatisation au Maroc. L'analyse globale via une généralisation des résultats au niveau national a été réalisée en complément d'une analyse de sensibilité liée à l'investissement dans ces systèmes afin d'évaluer le potentiel de remplacement des technologies traditionnelles par les systèmes solaires et les gains éventuels liés à leur implantation au Maroc
This thesis reports the results of research into the modeling and simulation of a solar air-conditioning system for Morocco in the framework of the project SCPM (Solar Cooling Process in Morocco) funded by IRESEN (Research Institute for Solar Energy and New Energies). The aim is to investigate the factors concerning the optimization of a LiBr-H2O solar absorption chiller under Moroccan conditions. Further, a number of design criteria, which can be used by designers of solar cooling and heating systems, have been established using energy and economic considerations. Accordingly, this thesis covers four aspects. The first overviews the literature survey on solar technologies with a focus on solar cooling systems which reports the relevant processes, summarizes the market status, presents the recent developments of the most promising technologies and describes the main performance indicators figuring in the literature. Moreover, the experimental aspect of the solar air-conditioning installation adopted in the SCPM project was described to identify the important technical characteristics of the installation and the difficulties encountered during the realization of the prototype. The second dimension concerns the technical feasibility of solar air-conditioning system using energy and economic indicators taking into account the combined effects of climates, building categories and cooling demands under Moroccan conditions. The third aspect presents the latent thermal energy storage using Phase Change Materials (PCMs). It concerns the investigation of numerical methods used in the modeling of phase change phenomena and also focuses on PCMs addition in the solar cooling process integrated inside solar storage tank connected to the generator of the absorption chiller to evaluate the possible enhancement in the system efficiency. The fourth aspect of this thesis outlines the technico-economic and sensitivity analysis applied to the development of a combined processes of solar DHW, heating and air-conditioning in Morocco. The overall analysis via a generalization of the results to the national level was carried out in addition to a sensitivity analysis related to the investment in these systems in order to assess the potential of replacing traditional technologies with the solar systems and the possible earnings related to their implementation in Morocco
7

Venturi, Elisa. "Dynamic simulation and analysis of a Passive House case study with direct PV system for heating and domestic hot water production." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16590/.

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Different heating systems for space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) preparation are investigated with respect to their energy efficiency. In particular, a case study of a multi-storey Passive House (called An-der-Lan) is analysed by means of dynamic simulations. The first part of dynamic simulations focuses on the comparison of the UA and RC models for a simple office located in Rome. This is a case study from the project IEA SHC T56 – System Simulation Models. In particular, attention is put on the influence of the thermal capacity. Assuming the RC model as the reference case, variants of the UA model with different percentages of the thermal capacity are simulated, in order to find out the most similar to the RC model. The same investigation is carried out for the An-der-Lan building. In general, it is not possible to identify the best UA model, because for every considered quantity, the minimum difference between the UA and RC model is got for a different percentage of the thermal mass. The second part of dynamic simulation focuses on the comparison among different systems for heating and DHW preparation. The realized system is direct electric heating for both space heating and DHW preparation. It is denoted as the reference Case1 and it is compared against alternative solutions. Case2 is based on a central air/water heat pump system for both heating and DHW production. A sensitivity analysis study is conducted. Finally, Case3 and Case4 are a mix of the previous two cases. Results show that Case2 is the best in terms of electric energy required from the grid, although it is the system with the highest thermal losses. Furthermore, the PV system only in the south façade is not sufficient to cover the energy required in neither of the cases. Finally, annual, monthly, daily, hourly and 10 minutes balances are compared. Results show the importance of smaller time step in balances between required and produced energy, in order to have more precise results.
8

Jose, Panangat James. "Simulation Validation with Real Measurements of an Intelligent Home Energy Management System." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37214.

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This thesis's main objective is to conduct a comparison study between measured values and simulated results of a demonstrator, of the intelligent home energy management (iHEM) project. The comparison helps to validate the simulation. TRNSYS software is used for the design. In this study, only the thermal energy side of the project is considered. In which system-level (both domestic hot water (DHW), space heating (SH)) and component level (solar collector, gas boiler) are considered as the parameters to compare. An attempt is made to optimize both system-level and component-level simulation outputs with measured values by adopting measured boundary conditions as simulation inputs.During the comparison, the DHW loop simulation design is modified. The measured data were given as input files for simulation, replacing the estimated values used before. This is done to optimize the simulation output with measured data. In the space heating loop (SH), the simulated building model’s parameters were changed to optimize the SH demand. After the system-level validation and optimization, the component level comparison is carried out. For this, the simulation output of solar thermal collectors and gas boiler are compared with measured values. The solar collector loop in the simulation is modified to optimize the simulated results. The seasonal and yearly efficiencies of the collector have been calculated. Solar supply fraction and gas boiler supply fraction is also determined. For the comparison, graphs are plotted for three different weeks, representing the spring, summer, and winter months of 2018.The final optimized simulation output of DHW demand is 7% less than the measured value. Even after optimizing the Space heating loop (SH), the simulated building demand is 17% more heat than the demonstrator building. The simulation's solar collector output is optimized close to the measured values. The simulated gas boiler produces 19% more than the demonstrator system to meet excess SH demand in the simulation (including losses). The overall yearly collector efficiency calculated for measured and simulated values are 58% and 50%, respectively. The estimated solar collector supply fraction and gas bo
9

Böhme, Florén Simon. "Solel och solvärme ur LCC-perspektiv för ett passiv-flerbostadshus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162430.

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This master’s degree project concerns the combination of a multi dwelling passive house with solar energy for the generation of electricity and domestic hot water (DHW). Different alternatives with either solar thermal systems or photovoltaic (PV) systems are compared with two reference alternatives producing DHW from electricity or district heating. The economical comparison uses a life cycle cost (LCC) perspective based on the present value of expenditures for investment, energy and annual operating and maintenance. The energy yields from the solar energy systems were calculated by hand and with simulation software. Calculation and dimensioning of PV systems were carried out with a software called PVSYST. Solar thermal systems were calculated by hand and with the software Winsun Villa Education. Both softwares use hourly weather data for the calculations. The LCCs are lower for the two reference alternatives than for the solar energy alternatives. The reference alternative with district heating generates the lowest LCC. The alternatives with solar thermal energy replace more energy and have significantly lower LCCs than the PV alternatives. The study also shows the importance of using cheap and environmentally friendly backup energy for producing DHW. When aiming for a quantitative energy use target, the DHW-circulation losses ought to be taken into account as these can be extensive.
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Lundh, Magdalena. "Domestic heating with solar thermal studies of technology in a social context and social components in technical studies /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101325.

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Books on the topic "Hot water thermal energy stores":

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Tabarra, Mohammad. Load factor effects on thermally stratified solar storage tanks. Leicester: Leicester Polytechnic, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hot water thermal energy stores":

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Mohan, Gowtham, Uday Kumar N. T., Manoj Kumar P., and Andrew Martin. "Solar Thermal Polygeneration System for Cooling, Fresh Water, and Domestic Hot Water Supply: Experimental Analysis." In Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II, 781–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18215-5_71.

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Mondal, Pradip, Shambhunath Barman, and Samiran Samanta. "Integrated MSW to Energy and Hot Water Generation Plant for Indian Cities: Thermal Performance Prediction." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 569–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7831-1_53.

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Rashevski, Milan, H. D. Doan, and K. Fushinobu. "Long-Term Energy Accumulation in Underground Hot Water Tanks: Fluid Convective Behaviour and Its Influence on the Thermal Losses." In World Sustainable Energy Days Next 2014, 53–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04355-1_7.

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Srinivasaraonaik, Banavath, Shishir Sinha, and Lok Pratap Singh. "Phase Change Materials for Renewable Energy Storage Applications." In Energy Storage Devices [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98914.

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Solar energy is utilizing in diverse thermal storage applications around the world. To store renewable energy, superior thermal properties of advanced materials such as phase change materials are essentially required to enhance maximum utilization of solar energy and for improvement of energy and exergy efficiency of the solar absorbing system. This chapter deals with basics of phase change material which reflects, selection criteria, PCM works, distinguish thermal energy storage system, commercially available PCM, development of PCM thermal properties and durability of PCM. In addition to this chapter focused on PCM in solar water heating system for buildings particularly in India because 20–30% of electricity is used for hot water in urban households, residential and institutional buildings. Discussed Flat plate collectors (FTC) in detail which is suitable for warm water production in household temperature 55 to 70 °C owing to cost effective than the Evacuated Tube collectors (ETC), Concentrated collector (CC) and integration of different methods PCM in solar water heating system.
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Batchelor, Tony, and Robin Curtis. "Geothermal energy." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0005.

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The term ‘geothermal energy’ describes all forms of heat stored within the Earth. The energy is emitted from the core, mantle, and crust, with a large proportion coming from nuclear reactions in the mantle and crust. It is estimated that the total heat content of the Earth, above an assumed average surface temperature of 15◦C, is of the order of 12.6×1024 MJ, with the crust storing 5.4×1021 MJ (Armstead, 1983). Based on the simple principle that the ‘deeper you go the hotter it gets’, geothermal energy is continuously available anywhere on the planet. The average geothermal gradient is about 2.5–3◦C per 100 metres but this figure varies considerably; it is greatest at the edges of the tectonic plates and over hot spots–where much higher temperature gradients are present and where electricity generation from geothermal energy has been developed since 1904. Geothermal energy is traditionally divided into high, medium, and low temperature resources. Typically, temperatures in excess of 150◦C can be used for electricity generation and process applications. Medium temperature resources in the range 40◦C to 150◦ C form the basis for ‘direct use’ i.e. heating only, applications such as space heating, absorption cooling, bathing (balneology), process industry, horticulture, and aquaculture. The low-temperature resources obtainable at shallow depth, up to 100–300 metres below ground surface, are tapped with heat pumps to deliver heating, cooling, and hot water to buildings. The principles of extracting geothermal energy, in applications ranging from large scale electrical power plants to smallscale domestic heating, are illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Geothermal energy can be utilized over a temperature range from a few degrees to several hundred degrees, even at super critical temperatures. The high temperature resources, at depth, are typically ‘mined’ and are depleted over a localized area by extracting the in situ groundwaters and, possibly, re-injecting more water to replenish the fluids and extract more heat. Although natural thermal recovery occurs, this does not happen on an economically useful timescale.
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Spaulding, W. J., and C. K. Rush. "THERMAL STRATIFICATION WITHIN A HOT WATER STORAGE TANK." In Advances In Solar Energy Technology, 1167–71. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034315-0.50226-3.

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Belz, K., F. Kuznik, K. F. Werner, T. Schmidt, and W. K. L. Ruck. "Thermal energy storage systems for heating and hot water in residential buildings." In Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems, 441–65. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781782420965.4.441.

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Rübler, M. Bierer, and E. Hahne. "HEAT TRANSFER FROM FINNED AND SMOOTH TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER COILS IN HOT WATER STORES." In Advances In Solar Energy Technology, 1177–81. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034315-0.50228-7.

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Kuznik, Frédéric, Oliver Opel, Thomas Osterland, and Wolfgang K. L. Ruck. "Thermal energy storage for space heating and domestic hot water in individual residential buildings." In Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems, 567–94. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819885-8.00019-x.

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Liu, X., S. Zou, H. Cui, and S. Liao. "Economic analysis for solar photovoltaic/thermal hybrid domestic hot water system." In Advances in Energy Equipment Science and Engineering, 1623–27. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19126-317.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hot water thermal energy stores":

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Ochs, Fabian, Hans Müller-Steinhagen, and W. Heidemann. "Modeling Buried Hot Water Thermal Energy Stores." In EuroSun 2010. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2010.16.24.

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Gerschitzka, Markus, Dominik Schmidt, Dominik Bestenlehner, Roman Marx, and Harald Drück. "Thermal Performance Testing of Outdoor Hot Water Stores for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage." In ISES Solar World Conference 2017 and the IEA SHC Solar Heating and Cooling Conference for Buildings and Industry 2017. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2017.13.06.

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Bestenlehner, Dominik, Harald Drueck, and Stephan Bachmann. "Energy Labelling and Testing of Hot Water Stores, Collectors and Solar Thermal Systems." In EuroSun 2014. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2014.03.02.

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Vikram, D., S. Kaushik, V. Prashanth, and N. Nallusamy. "An Improvement in the Solar Water Heating Systems by Thermal Storage Using Phase Change Materials." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99090.

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The present work has been undertaken to study the feasibility of storing solar energy using phase change materials (like paraffin) and utilizing this energy to heat water for domestic purposes during nighttime. This ensures that hot water is available through out the day. The system consists of two simultaneously functioning heat-absorbing units. One of them is a solar water heater and the other a heat storage unit consisting of Phase Change Material (PCM). The water heater functions normally and supplies hot water during the day. The storage unit stores the heat in PCMs during the day and supplies hot water during the night. The storage unit utilizes small cylinders made of aluminium, filled with paraffin wax as the heat storage medium and integrated with a Solar Collector to absorb solar heat. At the start of the day the storage unit is filled with water completely. This water is made to circulate between the solar collector and the PCM cylinders. The water in the storage tank receives heat form the solar collector and transfers it to the PCM. The PCM undergoes a phase change by absorbing latent heat, excess heat being stored as sensible heat. The water supply in the night is routed to the storage unit using a suitable control device. The heat is recovered from the unit by passing water at room temp through it. As water is drawn from the overhead tank, fresh water enters the unit disturbing the thermal equilibrium, causing flow of heat from PCM to the water. The temperature of the heated water (outlet) is varied by changing the flow rate, which is measured by a flow meter. The storage tank is completely insulated to prevent loss of heat. The performance of the present setup is compared with that of a system using same PCM encapsulated in High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) spherical shells.
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Panthalookaran, Varghese. "SEN Analysis of Stratified Hot Water Heat Stores With Respect to Axial Position and Number of Charging-Discharging Equipments." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59079.

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SEN analysis [Solar Energy, 2007, Vol. 81, pp. 1043–1054] is a robust characterization method for stratified thermal energy stores (TES). It integrates the concerns of the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics into single efficiency index. The First Law concern is incorporated into the definition of SEN efficiency index through energy response factor (ER) and the Second Law concern through entropy generation ratio (REG). SEN analysis thus estimates the ability of a TES to store energy and exergy. In the current paper SEN analysis is utilized to characterize hot water heat stores (HWHS) with respect to the axial position and number of charging/discharging equipments they possess. Diffusers or flow-guides are used as charging-discharging equipments in view of reducing turbulent mixing within the HWHS, especially in the entrance and exit ports. For HWHS charging-discharging equipments are commonly positioned in the top-most and bottom-most regions of the HWHS in order to avoid development of dead volume, i.e., volume that does not take part in the charging-discharging process. Axially placed conical diffusers are observed to circumvent the issue of dead volumes. However, the effect of their axial position on the entropy generation is not yet studied. Further, one may use intermediate charging-discharging equipment in association with the original pair in order to feed or withdraw the working fluid into/from the HWHS at different heights. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the position and number of axially placed conical diffusers with zero diffuser angles inside a cylindrical HWHS. The thermal field information obtained from a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is subjected to the SEN analysis to achieve required design insights.
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Setiawan, Ikhsan, Makoto Nohtomi, and Masafumi Katsuta. "Simulation on Solar Energy Collection to Power a Thermoacoustic Prime Mover Using Pressurized Hot Steam." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44328.

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It has been performed a simple simulation and calculation on solar energy collection which is used indirectly to power a thermoacoustic prime mover by producing pressurized hot steam which would supply thermal energy to the prime mover via sealed-off hot heat exchangers. The solar energy collection took place in Yogyakarta City - Indonesia where the average energy of solar global radiation of 4.8 kWh/m2/day (17.3MJ/m2/day) is available around the year. The calculation including the amount of the remaining heat stored, steam pressure, and steam temperature for various areas of the collector unit (Fresnel lens) and volume of water, were done as a function of time for several days. We found that appropriate combinations of lens area and water volume would enable us to operate the thermoacoustic prime mover continuously all day and night.
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Wright, S. A., A. Z’Graggen, and J. Hemrle. "Control of a Supercritical CO2 Electro-Thermal Energy Storage System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95326.

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Transcritical CO2 power systems are being investigated for site independent electro-thermal energy storage (ETES). The storage plant uses electrical energy with a standard vapor-compression heat pump/refrigeration cycle to store thermal energy as hot water and ice over a period of approximately 8 hours during low power demand. The power cycle is then reversed and operated as a simple Rankine cycle to produce ∼100 MWe for about 4.5 hours during peak demand. During the power generation cycle the storage plant uses the heat stored in the hot water tanks, together with ice melting, plus ambient heat rejection for the heat sink. For 100 MWe class power plants, the round trip efficiency is estimated to be up to 60%. CO2 was selected as the working fluid because it improves the ability of the plant to operate with high reversibility. In addition, it is compact and can operate below the freezing point of water. This report describes the major control characteristics of the plant, together with methods, tools, and results of the model. Because the plant is nearly “closed”, it must operate only by consuming electrical energy during the charging cycle and by producing electrical energy plus some waste heat during the discharge cycle. All other heat transfer processes occurs solely within the storage plant itself and consists of either heating or cooling water and by making or melting ice. For the plant to operate continuously, both the water thermal storage and ice storage must be returned to their initial conditions after every 24 hour period. Otherwise, small changes in the thermal environment during waste heat rejection or performance variations of internal components will cause the storage system to drift from its designed operating temperature, pressure and energy storage capability, challenging its ability to operate. The control concept for the storage plant addresses both the operation of the plant during charging and discharging. It also addresses strategies for control during off-design situations or due to disturbances such as load following or changes in ambient heat rejection conditions. The process simulations described in the paper include models for the main physical components of the plant including the turbomachinery, the heat exchanger network, states of charge of the cold and hot storage, and CO2 inventory.
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Cruickshank, Cynthia A., and Stephen J. Harrison. "Comparison of Multi-Tank and Large Single Tank Thermal Storages for Solar DHW Applications." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36213.

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The performance of a multi-tank water storage was studied by experiment and computer simulation. The unit investigated consisted of three 270 L storage tanks connected in series and was charged through individual side-arm, natural convection heat exchangers. Laboratory tests were conducted on a specially instrumented prototype to characterize its performance in terms of temperature stratification, heat transfer and energy storage rates. Based on these tests, a computer model of a complete multi-tank solar thermal system was created. With this model, the performance of a multi-unit storage was compared to a single-tank system of equal total storage volume for a multi-family solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system application. Data were produced for two U.S. locations representative of differing climatic locations. Results show that a reasonably insulated multi-tank system can be used in place of a large single tank with only a small reduction in delivered solar energy.
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Fuller, R., J. Hemrle, and L. Kaufmann. "Turbomachinery for a Supercritical CO2 Electro-Thermal Energy Storage System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95112.

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This paper presents analysis of CO2 turbomachinery for the electro-thermal energy storage (ETES) concept for site-independent bulk (grid-scale) electric energy storage. In charging mode, ETES operates as a transcritical CO2 heat pump, consuming electric energy which is converted into thermal energy stored in the form of hot water and ice on the hot and cold side of the cycle, respectively. On demand, the CO2 cycle is reversed for discharging during which ETES operates as transcritical CO2 power generation plant, consuming the stored hot and cold sources. The target capacity of the ETES system is of the order of units of MW electric to ∼100 MW electric, with typical daily cycles and 4 to 8 hours of storage. The estimated electric-to-electric round trip efficiency of ETES is about 60%. A companion paper [1] presents the control concept of the ETES plant and discusses several issues specific to the ETES plant design and operation. This paper analyzes these particular requirements from the perspective of the CO2 turbomachinery required for the storage plant, presenting the selection of the turbomachinery types and their shaft arrangement suitable for the ETES. The expected performance, main design features and challenges are discussed, together with questions related to the scalability of the turbomachines towards high power targets. Impacts of the turbomachinery designs on the ETES system performance, such as the sensitivity of the system electric-to-electric round trip efficiency on the turbomachinery efficiency are discussed.
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Maeda, Tetsuhiko, Keiichi Nishida, Shiro Yamazaki, Yoshiaki Kawakami, Masao Masuda, Manabu Tange, Yasuo Hasegawa, Hiroshi Ito, and Akihiro Nakano. "Design Concept and the Performance of a Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage Tank in Totalized Hydrogen Energy Utilization System." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44146.

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We have proposed the Totalized Hydrogen Energy Utilization System (THEUS) for applying to commercial buildings. THEUS consists of fuel cells, water electrolyzers, metal hydride tanks and their auxiliaries. The basic operation of the THEUS is as follows: In the nighttime, hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis and stored in metal hydride tanks. In the daytime, it conducts fuel cell power generation using the stored hydrogen to meet the electric power demand of a building. The chilled and hot water generated in this process are also utilized. It is also possible to use the electric power from renewable energy. That is, THEUS has not only the load leveling function but the function to stabilize the grid system. The metal hydride tank is an important component of THEUS as hydrogen storage. The tank was designed as a thermally driven type, which be able to absorb/desorb hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure and utilize the endothermic reaction during hydrogen desorption as chilled water for air-conditioning. The tank with 50 kg AB5 type metal hydride alloy was assembled to investigate the hydrogen absorbing/desorbing process. The experimental results of the heat utilization ratio using this metal hydride tank are about 43%. Since the reaction heat is consumed to heat and to cool the tank up to the temperature of possible heat utilization. The heat utilization ratio can be improved by reduced the heat capacity of the tank and exchanging heat with multiple tanks.

Reports on the topic "Hot water thermal energy stores":

1

Davidson, Jane H., Josh Quinnell, Jay Burch, H. A. Zondag, Robert de Boer, Christian Finck, Ruud Cuypers, et al. Development of Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water Systems with Compact Thermal Energy Storage. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task42-2013-0001.

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Leoni, Paolo, Nicolas Pardo-Garcia, Fabian Ochs, and Abdulrahman Dahash. Large-scale thermal energy storage systems to increase the ST share in DHC. IEA SHC Task 55, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0004.

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This factsheet focuses on large-scale hot water storage technologies adopted to integrate large shares of ST in DHC systems. After an overview of role and integration schemes of large storage systems in existing and future-oriented DHC, the state of the art is described and the highlights of international applications are reported, including a comparison of the different technologies in terms of strengths and weaknesses.

To the bibliography