Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hot workability

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Hot workability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hot workability"

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Higashi, Masaya, and Naoya Kanno. "Evaluation of Hot Workability of Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloy with Different Initial Microstructures." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-06085-5.

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AbstractThe effect of the initial microstructure on the hot workability of a powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy was investigated in the high-temperature range of 950 °C to 1180 °C and strain rate range of 0.001 to 1.0 s−1. Six samples with different initial microstructures were fabricated by various hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conditions and subsequent treatments such as hot extrusion. The coarse-grained samples exhibited low hot workability regardless of the deformation conditions. In contrast, the hot workability of the fine-grained samples significantly varied depending on the deformation conditions. The hot workability exhibited a peak at the sub-solvus temperature of ~ 1100 °C and decreased at temperatures higher and lower than this temperature. In addition, the hot workability decreased monotonically with increasing the strain rate. The prior particle boundaries (PPBs) acted as cavity nucleation sites and crack paths, especially at lower temperatures and higher strain rates, resulting in early fracture and low hot workability. With decreasing the grain size, the hot workability at the peak temperature improved. The extruded sample with the smallest grain size exhibited the best hot workability, owing to the avoidance of PPB fracture and the acceleration of dynamic recrystallization.
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Gudimettla, Jagan M., L. Allen Cooley, and E. Ray Brown. "Workability of Hot-Mix Asphalt." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1891, no. 1 (January 2004): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1891-27.

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Nhat, Tran Thanh, and Osamu Takahashi. "INVESTIGATION ON INDICES OF WORKABILITY AND RUTTING RESISTANCE FOR WEARING COURSE MIXTURES." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.04.

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Simple indices easily help to evaluate a performance of hot mix asphalt mixtures. This study aimed to develop a simple workability index and rutting resistance index for wearing course mixtures. Seven aggregate gradations were prepared to investigate dense, coarse, and fine-graded hot mix asphalt mixtures. The study used the Marshall compactor to fabricate specimens. The Superpave Gyratory Compaction was employed to measure the workability of the seven blends, namely the workability energy parameter of asphalt mixtures. The study also conducted Wheel Tracking Test to evaluate rutting resistance of those mixtures. The results showed a strong relationship between the workability index and the workability energy of hot mix asphalt mixtures, namely increasing the workability energy of mixtures with increasing the workability index value. The workability energy value of an asphalt mixture may be high when the area of continuous maximum density for a proportion of stone, which illustrates a degree of far away from the Fuller maximum density line, is low. Moreover, the rutting resistance index correlated well with rutting resistance of the hot mix asphalt mixtures.
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Gavgali,, M., and Y. Totik,. "Hot Workability of 5052 Aluminum Alloy." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 12, no. 3 (June 2001): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm.2001.12.3.187.

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Finkler, Helmut, and Günter Rennollet. "Hot workability of steels for forgings." Steel Research 57, no. 6 (June 1986): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198600764.

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McQueen, H. J., and D. L. Bourell. "Hot Workability of Metals and Alloys." JOM 39, no. 9 (September 1987): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03257647.

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Venugopal, S., S. L. Mannan, and Y. V. R. K. Prasad. "Optimization of hot workability in stainless." Metallurgical Transactions A 23, no. 11 (November 1992): 3093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02646128.

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Asgharzadeh, Hamed, and Abdolreza Simchi. "Hot Deformation Behavior of P/M Al6061-20% SiC Composite." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.897.

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In the present work, hot workability of particulate-reinforced Al6061-20%SiC composite produced by direct hot extrusion technique was studied. Uniaxial hot compression test at various temperatures and strain rates was used and the workability behavior was evaluated from the flow curves and the attendant microstructures. It was shown that the presence of SiC particles in the soft Al6061 matrix deteriorates the hot workability. Bulging of the specimens and flow lines were observed, which indicates the plastic instability during hot working. Microstructure of the composites after hot deformation was found to be heterogeneous, i.e. the reinforcement clusters were observed at the flow lines. The mechanism of deformation is determined to be controlled primarily by dynamic recrystallization.
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SUZUKI, Hirowo G., Takeo ASHIURA, Koshiro AOYAGI, Hideki FUJII, and Kohji TANABE. "Hot Workability of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys." Tetsu-to-Hagane 72, no. 6 (1986): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.72.6_587.

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Gonçalves, Marcelo C., M. G. Martins, Wojciech Z. Misiolek, and William H. Van Geertruyden. "Homogenization and Hot Workability of Alloy AA2014." Materials Science Forum 396-402 (July 2002): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.396-402.393.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hot workability"

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Mwembela, Aaron Absalom. "Hot workability of magnesium alloys." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ39793.pdf.

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Martin, Guilhem. "Hot workability of duplex stainless steels." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721764.

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Les aciers inoxydables austéno-ferritiques présentent une microstructure biphasée dans laquelle se mêlent austénite et ferrite. Leurs caractéristiques mécaniques élevées ainsi que leur bonne tenue en corrosion en font un candidat sérieux pour remplacer les aciers inoxydables austénitiques. Malheureusement, la faible forgeabilité de ces alliages rend la fabrication de tôles particulièrement critique. En effet, le phénomène de " crique de rive " est fréquemment rencontré au cours des étapes du laminage à chaud. Par conséquent, cela nécessite des opérations supplémentaires comme le découpage des rives, ce qui aboutit à une augmentation des coûts de production. Les différents facteurs influençant la ductilité à chaud de ces aciers sont passés en revue afin d'identifier quels sont les zones d'ombres. La synthèse bibliographique révèle deux zones d'ombres : d'une part, le manque d'un essai de ductilité à chaud permettant de discriminer différentes microstructures en terme de résistance à la propagation de fissure à haute température ; et d'autre part l'absence de données quantitative concernant la partition de la déformation entre la ferrite et l'austénite lors des étapes de mise en forme à chaud. Le concept de travail essentiel de rupture a été appliqué à hautes températures. Il a été démontré que cette méthode est fiable et discriminante pour quantifier la résistance à la propagation de fissure à haute température. Elle permet également de générer un paramètre physique pertinent pour optimiser les microstructures par rapport à un mode de mise en forme donné. La technique conventionnelle de micro-grilles a été adaptée de manière à cartographier à haute température les déformations à l'échelle de la microstructure. Cette technique fournit en plus des résultats qualitatifs concernant les mécanismes de déformations, des données quantitatives à propos de la partition de la déformation entre la ferrite et l'austénite. Ces données peuvent être utilisées afin de valider les modèles qui prédisent le comportement à chaud des aciers duplex pendant les premières étapes du laminage à chaud. Les deux outils developpés au cours de cette étude permettent de donner des solutions pour éviter le phénomène de " crique de rives ".
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Wertz, Katelun N. "Exploration of Phase Stability and Hot Workability of Polycrystalline Co-Al-W-Base Superalloys." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555455335988532.

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Chalon, Julie. "Couplages matériaux procédés pour les alliages de cuivre du transport ferroviaire." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0033/document.

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Les raccords et connexions de caténaires ont un rôle important dans l’intégrité électrique et mécanique des caténaires. Ces pièces sont pour la plupart constituées d’un alliage de cuivre Cu-Ni-Si mis en forme par forgeage à chaud. Dans un contexte de fiabilisation du réseau ferroviaire, l’amélioration de leurs performances et de leurs procédés de fabrication est recherchée. Ces travaux se concentrent sur l’étape de mise en forme de ces pièces, et ont pour objectif de mieux comprendre les couplages matériaux-procédés des alliages Cu-Ni-Si.Une campagne expérimentale de compression est menée. Elle permet de développer un modèle rhéologique à base physique décrivant le comportement d’un alliage Cu-Ni-Si dans les gammes de température 800 - 950 °C et de vitesse de déformation 0.1 - 10 s−1. Il tient compte des phénomènes d’adoucissement par restauration et recristallisation dynamiques. Le modèle ainsi créé est ensuite implémenté dans un logiciel éléments finis.Un nouvel essai de formabilité est proposé. Il permet de reproduire les sollicitations mécaniques rencontrées lors d’un procédé de forgeage et vise à déterminer les conditions limites de formabilité d’un matériau. La mise en forme d’une pièce de référence est étudiée par le biais de cet essai. Sa caractérisation précise en matière de champ de déformations et de contraintes permet d’identifier les paramètres expérimentaux. Les résultats identifient une température limite de forgeage en-deçà de laquelle des fissures sont prédites dans la pièce
Contact wire splices play a leading role in the electric and mechanical integrity of the catenary systems. Most of these parts are made of Cu-Ni-Si alloys and manufactured by a hot forging process. With the aim of increasing the reliability of the railway network, the improvement of their performances and their manufacturing processes is sought. This work is focused on the forming stage of these parts and aims to give a better understanding of the materials-processes couplings for the Cu-Ni-Si alloys.An experimental campaign including compression tests is conducted. It allows the development of a physically-based model to describe the rheological behavior of a Cu-Ni-Si alloy deformed in the temperature range between 800 °C and 950 °C, at strain rates in the range of 0.1 - 10 s−1. It takes into account the work-softening implied by dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. The model thus created is then implemented in a finite element software.A new workability test is proposed. Its purpose is to reproduce the mechanical conditions encountered in a forming process and to determine the critical conditions of workability related to a material. The forging process of a reference part is studied by means of this test. An accurate characterization of the process in terms of strain magnitude and stress field allows the identification of the experimental parameters. The results lead to the identification of a limit temperature of workability below which fractures are predicted in the part
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Teikari, Michael. "Stenmjölets inverkan i en kall asfaltsmassa hos bearbetbarheten, brytningsprocessen och täckningsgraden." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61024.

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I kallasfalt med hårt basbitumen bryter vattnet ut ur bitumenet och bindemedlet i massan stelnar olika snabbt beroende på vilket stenmaterial asfaltsmassan består av. Om brytningen sker innan utläggning blir massan obearbetbar, målet är att brytningsprocessen ska kunna styras genom att massans brytningsprocess skall vidta när energi tillförs i massan via en vibratorsvält som packar massan. Från tidigare tester är hypotesen att det är stenmjölet som styr brytningsprocessen och bearbetbarheten. Idag är problemet att massan bryter för snabbt och den blir svårbearbetad vid läggning och resultatet blir dåligt. I arbetet undersöks också täckningsgrad och styvhetsmodulen. Arbetet är utfört på NCC:s väglaboratorium i Umeå 4/4 - 15/4 2016. Sex stycken stenmaterial från olika bergtäkter med olika egenskaper testas. Bergtäkterna är belägna från Närke upptill Västerbotten vid namn Dylta, Råsta, Sälgsjön, Stöningsberget, Ljusberget och Supartallen.  Fraktion 0-16 mm från en och varje bergtäkt handblandas, två asfaltsprover tillverkas enligt två olika mix- och bedömningsmetoder. Täckningsgrad, bearbetningsegenskaperna och brytningprocessen bedöms och antecknas i en matris. I nästa steg ersätts ordinarie stenmjöl (0-2 mm) med stenmjöl från en bergtäkt med ett tidigare känt bra stenmaterial. Med resterande makadam (2-16 mm) görs samma process om på nytt och resultatet analyseras och jämförs. En asfaltsmassa med stenmjöl från bergtäkten Supartallen och makadam från bergtäkten Stöningsberget visar förbättrade resultat i jämförelse med fraktion 0-16 mm från bergtäkten Stöningsberget och vidare laborationstester görs på denna blandning av stenmaterial. Dessa bergtäkter ligger geografiskt nära varandra, drygt 25 mil, vilket också motiverar till att välja dessa stenmaterial som i framtiden kanske kommer användas fullskaligt. Från dessa blandningar tillverkas asfaltskroppar genom packning med gyratorisk packare och styvhetmodulen testas. I ekonomisk och miljömässig vinning görs ett försök med en restprodukt från stålindustrin. Ett försök utförs med skänkslagg (0-2 mm). Slaggen blandas med stenmaterial från bergtäkten Supartallen där bearbetningen, brytprocessen och täckningsgraden undersöks. Detta är ett inledande försök för att få en fingervisning hur asfaltsmassan beter sig blandat med skänkslagg. Utvärdering av resultaten gjordes med hjälp av en matriser där varje asfaltsblandning ingår. Asfaltsblandningen betygsätts enligt bearbetbarhet, täckningsgrad och brytningskontroll. Skålen analyserades och slutsatser om brytningen kunde dras. Genom sönderdelning av massan kunde observationer göras om hur brytningen av massan har kommit, även täckningsgraden analyseras. Resultaten pekar på att stenmjölet har en betydande roll i täckningsgrad, brytning vid blandning och brytningsprocessen, dock ingen skillnad på styvhetsmodulen. Att enbart stenmjölet ska vara problemet är inte hela sanningen men har som sagt en betydande roll. Just att stenmaterial från Supartallen är så pass bra för beaktas och använda sig av stenmaterial med liknande egenskaper och inte använda stenmaterial med för höga halter SiO2 då det ger dålig täckningsgrad. Att massan bryter för snabbt kan bero på halten bindemedel, vidare laborationer bör göras med halten bindemedel i fokus.
In cold asphalt with hard base-bitumen the water breaks out from the bitumen and the binder in the mass solidifies at different rates depending on the containing stone material in the asphalt. If the break occurs before laying the mass becomes unworkable. The intention by this examination is control this process by the mass extraction process should take place when energy is supplied into the mass through a vibrator famine. From previous tests the hypothesis is that the rock flour controls the breaking-process and the workability. Today, the problem is that the mass curing process starts too early and it becomes difficult to manage and work with and the results of the paving are bad. The thesis project also examines coverage and stiffness module, it’s performed on the NCC's road laboratory in Umeå 4/4 - 15/4 in 2016. Six stone materials from different quarries with different properties are tested. Fraction 0-16 mm from each rock quarry are handmixed, two asphalt samples produced by two different mixing- and assessment-methods. Coverage, workability and the breaking-process are assessed and recorded in a matrix. Next, replaced ordinary rock flour (0-2 mm) with rock flour from a quarry of a previously known good stone material. With the remaining makadam (2-16 mm) the process are made all over again and the results are analyzed and compared. An asphalt with rock flour from quarry Supartallen and the remaining makadam from quarry Stöningsberget shows improved results compared with fraction 0-16 mm from quarry Stöningsberget and further tests in laboratory are made with this mixture. These quarries are geographically fairly close to each other, 250 km (about 150 miles), which motivates to choose these quarries for a full scale-test in the future. From these mixtures asphalt-bodies are manufactured by gasket with gyratory compactor and stiffness module is examined. In the economic and environmental profit attempts are made with a residue from the steel industry. An attempt carried out with the slag from ladles (0-2 mm). The slag is mixed with stone material from quarry Supartallen where workability, breaking process and coverage is investigated. This is an initial attempt to introduce how the asphalt mixture behaves mixed with the slag. An evaluation was made with matrix where each asphalt mixture included. The asphalt mixture is graded according to machinability, coverage and breaking control. The bowl was analyzed and conclusions about the break could be drawn. Analyzes of the curing process and coverage was made by dismemberment of the mass. The results indicate that the rock flour has a significant role in coverage, extraction at mixing and mining process, however, the stiffness module has the same results in all mixtures. The mere stone flour shouldn’t be the problem but still has a significant role. At the aggregate of Supartallen is so good for the consideration and use of stone materials with similar properties and not rock material with a high amount of SiO2 as it provides poor coverage. The mass harden too quickly may depend on the content of binder, further laboratory work should be done with the binder content in focus.
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Lin, Ming-Chieh, and 林明潔. "Hot workability 6069 Al alloy using processing map." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64218076161646194566.

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碩士
中華大學
機械工程學系碩士班
103
The hot workability of homogenized 6069 Al alloy cast ingot was examined via hot compression tests. These tests were conducted using Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine within a temperature range of 300 °C to 550 °C and a strain rate range of 0.001 s−1 to 10 s−1. Hyperbolic sine law was used to study the constitutive behavior during hot compression. Optical microscopy analysis was performed to explore the effect of hot deformation conditions on the microstructural changes. By using processing map and microstructure to analyze that the temperature strain rate and homogenization of the high temperature deformation behavior of 6069 Al alloy impacted on the hot deformation and working properties. In the constitutive analysis, stress multiplier α was treated as constant in the hyperbolic constitutive equation. Constitutive parameters were estimated based on the maximum flow stresses. The obtained stress exponent n and activation energy Q were 5.78 and 171 kJ/mol, respectively. The compression data were then used to construct a processing map, through which a safe processing region was identified. The safe processing region could be divided into dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization domains. The variation in microstructure was related to the variation in efficiency of power dissipation, as indicated by microstructure observations. Dynamic recovery was observed in regions associated with the intermediate efficiency of power dissipation, whereas partial dynamic recrystallization occurred in regions with high efficiency. Flow instability was found to be related to flow localization. The strain rate sensitivity m map showed that flow localization occurred because of the deformation conditions with low m values. The kinetic analysis revealed a decrease in apparent activation energy with increased temperature in the partial dynamic recrystallization region.
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Wang, Shang-Chih, and 王尚智. "Study of the Hot Workability of Light Alloys through Workability Simulation, Alloying and ECAE Process." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37481239757588812277.

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博士
國立交通大學
機械工程系所
95
Both titanium alloys and magnesium alloys have less hot workability than other loght-weight alloys. This research aimed to improve the hot workability of selected titanium alloy and magnesium alloy through workability simulation, alloying and equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process. To achieve the specification of forged Ti-6Al-4V ELI for medical implant, a uniformly distributed ��/�� microstructure must be obtained after hot forging process. Hot workability was simulated through processing map to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of material during forging process. The optimum process conditions were then adapted from the power dissipation map and the instability map. The results were confirmed via the microstructure that hot deformed by the optimum process conditions. The results also indicated that the processing map was influenced by the initial microstructure before deformation. The application of processing map for multi-passes deformation must be modified by using multi-maps according to the passes design. This research also studied the improvement of hot ductility of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Grain size in the microstructure dominates the ductility of AZ31. This work presented a novel approach for enhancing the grain refinement of magnesium alloy by adding Sc and Zr. Rolling and ECAE were performed to refine the grains. Experimental results indicated that adding 0.03~0.06 wt% of Sc and 0.05~0.15 wt% of Zr reduced the mean grain size of AZ31 to 2.47 �慆. The ductility of AZ31-0.15Zr-0.06Sc can be increased to 324 % at 300℃. Results of this study demonstrated that both Sc and Zr are important in controlling grain size and ductility.
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Zhu, Feng-Jun, and 朱峯君. "Hot workability and dynamic behavior analysis of 6069 aluminum alloy under hot compression." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ttqg7u.

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博士
國立中央大學
機械工程學系
105
In this study, these tests were examined using Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine at temperature range of 300-550 °C and a strain rate range of 0.001-10 s−1. These examine were via hot compression tests. Hot workability of homogenized 6069 Al alloy cast ingot was investigated using processing map. The processing map was constructed from compression data, through which identified a safe processing region. The microstructure and value of safe processing contour could divided into dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization domains. The variation in microstructure was related to the variation in efficiency of power dissipation (value of processing contour), as indicated by microstructure observations. Dynamic recovery and partial dynamic recrystallization was related to intermediate and high efficiency of power dissipation in safe regions, respectively. The microstructure of flow instability region was founding flow localization, which indicates non-working region. Those deformation conditions observation flow localization were corresponding to the low m values of strain rate sensitivity m map. The kinetic analysis revealed a decrease in apparent activation energy with increased temperature in the partial dynamic recrystallization region. The microstructural evolution analyzed via electron backscatter diffraction. Dynamic recrystallization is recognized during deformation at temperatures higher than 500 °C/strain rates lower than 0.1 s-1 that showed the operating mechanism of dynamic recrystallization was related to continuous dynamic recrystallization. A relative softening factor was used to quantify the effect of flow softening, which was reveal softening mechanisms at the hot deformation condition. The variations in the relative softening value with strain that divided three type. First, the value of relative softening initially increases with strain up to a peak and then reaches a final steady state. This condition specifies that DRV balances strain-hardening. Second, the relative softening value continuously increases with strain. This finding illustrates that continuous softening is caused by DRV at low strains and DRV with partial DRX at high strains. Third, the progressive decrease in the relative softening value shows that the rate of strain-hardening is higher than that of softening of DRV.
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Shen, Ani. "Hot workability of iron aluminum intermetallics in comparison to ferritic steels." Thesis, 2008. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/975854/1/MR40923.pdf.

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In this project, torsion tests on hot-rolled and annealed Fe 3 Al (Fe-15.5Al-5.8Cr-1.0Nb-0.05C) were carried out over the ranges 750-950°C and 0.01{598}1s -1 . The experimental results showed that when peak stress v P >90MPa (LogZ>16 -1 , Z: temperature-compensated strain rate, Z = [Special characters omitted.] exp( Q HW / RT ) , R : universal gas constant; Q HW , :activation energy; T : absolute temperature), specimens cracked at randomly low strains. Optical microscopy exhibited original elongated grains and many grain boundary cracks associated with segregation. With v P {600}40MPa (LogZ{600}16s -1 ), specimens deformed with low random v P but considerably high fracture strains; slowly propagating cracks may explain the reduced flow stress. Optical microscopy showed both elongated grains and equiaxed subgrains with some indications of geometric dynamic recrystallization (gDRX) and of static recrystallization (SRX). Compression tests gave higher stress with little effect of the preexisting cracks. Q HW of current material in satisfactory torsion and compression tests is about 10% higher than previously published results. Fe 3 Al has body-centered cubic structure in the experimental range, so it was compared with ferritic steel 434C (Fe- 16.55Cr-0.96Mo-0.21Ni, wt%). Ferritic steels with approximately 3.0wt%Si are of great interest in transformer applications. Isothermal continuous deformation of Fe-2.7Si-0.06C was analyzed and compared with 434C and 409C (11.0Cr-0.0lMo-0.16Ni-0.19Ti, wt%). Multi-stage deformation of the material was investigated to determine the relative softening and relative stress reduction during the intervals between successive stages. Constitutive constants and restoration mechanism were compared between the materials
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Luo, Lie-Chi, and 羅烈淇. "Evaluation of Hot Workability of Ti-6Al-4V(ELI) Through Processing Map." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30515697558270778941.

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碩士
國立交通大學
機械工程系
88
Ti-6Ai-4V is one of the most widely used titanium alloy due to its superior mechanical properties such as high specific strength, excellent fracture toughness, and good corrosion resistance. The application of this alloy spans from airframe structural components, turbine disks and blades to chemical processing equipment. The ELI (extra low interstitials) grade of this alloy has been particularly used in fracture critical environment. This grade also has excellent corrosion resistance and has potential for critical Navy application. This research was to explore the workability of Ti-6Al-4V ELI through processing map in different thermal gradients. Besides, microscopic observations can be verified through the reliability of the processing map. Series of experiments including thermal gradients testing, compression testing, OM etc., were conducted. The results of this study showed that the developed processing map is consistent with the observed microstructure. Thus, processing map is an effective approach to determine the optimization of hot forming processes in Ti-6Al-4V ELI. According to the developed processing map, the optimal regions at a true strain of 0.3 for isothermal forging are at (1) around 900℃and 0.01s-1 with 70% efficiency, (2) around 950℃and 3s-1 with 45% efficiency, and (3) around 1100℃and 0.01s-1 with 45% efficiency. The optimal regions for non-isothermal forging are at (1) around 900℃and 0.01s-1 with 75% efficiency, (2) around 900℃and 3 s-1 with 60% efficiency, and (3) around 1100℃and 0.01s-1 with 50% efficiency.
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Books on the topic "Hot workability"

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International Symposium on Hot Workability of Steels andLight Alloys-Composites (1996 Montraeal, Quaebec). Hot workability of steels and light alloys-composites: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hot Workability of Steels and Light Alloys-Composites, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 24-28, 1996. Edited by Konopleva E. V, McQueen H. J, Ryan N. D, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum., and Conference of Metallurgists (35th : 1996 : Montr[a]eal, Qu[a]ebec). Montreal: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, 1996.

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Arvas, Mehmet R. The effect of homogenisation on the hot workability of a dilute Al-Mg alloy. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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Jeroen S.M. van Gend. MSc. masterthesis: Vergelijking van drie instrumenten ter bepaling van het vertrekpunt bij Leeftijdsbewust PersoneelsBeleid: Een onderzoek naar de correlatie tussen de Workability Index (WAI), de vragenlijst 'ZRT-LBP 50+', en de bepaling van de fysieke conditie volgens de Polar OwnTest. Heelsum: in eigen beheer, 2007.

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Abboud, Nathan Elias. Investigation of Hot Workability of Steel at High Strain Rates. Clare Publishing, 2003.

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Havstad, Joyce C., and Matthew J. Brown. Inductive Risk, Deferred Decisions, and Climate Science Advising. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467715.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the philosophical viability of Ottmar Edenhofer and Martin Kowarsch’s proposed pragmatic-enlightened model of science advising, as well as the practical application of their proposed model to the case of climate science advising. Edenhofer and Kowarsch’s model makes central use of a cartographic metaphor—one in which scientists and policymakers craft and consider different scientific routes to various value-laden ethical, political, and social destinations. But the argument from inductive risk poses a significant challenge to the viability of the metaphor, and hence, to the workability of the model. The chapter opens with a discussion of the challenge that inductive risk poses for the pragmatic-enlightened model, and closes with a discussion of how stakeholder engagement must be reconceived in order to meet that challenge.
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Wainwright, Elaine, and Christopher Eccleston, eds. Work and pain. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198828273.001.0001.

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From childhood to millennials and beyond, we need to take a life-course approach to occupation and work when in pain. In ‘Foundations’, we provide a critical account of the nature of work, and of pain. In ‘Investigations’, we analyse bi-directional relationships between children living with chronic pain and parents; between being a child in pain and schooling; what it is to be a millennial in pain; the implications of pain which is determined to be occupational in origin; and enabling a life lived well with pain as one ages. Our ‘Interventions’ section critically reviews what individuals can change, what workplaces can do, and how governments can innovate to try to maximize workability for people living with pain in the context of current working practices. Through a better understanding of how and why people seek to be occupied, we can maximize their social and personal involvement when living with ongoing pain.
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Book chapters on the topic "Hot workability"

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Gutierrez, Isabel, and Amaia Iza-Mendia. "Process: Hot Workability." In Duplex Stainless Steels, 1–46. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557990.ch1.

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Polesak, F. John, Bruce Davis, Rick DeLorme, and Sean R. Agnew. "Hot Workability of Alloy WE43 Examined using Hot Torsion Testing." In Magnesium Technology 2011, 379–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062029.ch70.

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Polesak, F. John, Bruce Davis, Rick DeLorme, and Sean R. Agnew. "Hot Workability of Alloy WE43 Examined Using Hot Torsion Testing." In Magnesium Technology 2011, 379–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48223-1_70.

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Fazarinc, M., G. Kugler, I. Perus, and M. Tercelj. "Improving Hot Workability of Ledeburitic Tool Steels." In 3rd International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 218–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364987.ch27.

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El Mehtedi, Mohamad, Luigi Balloni, S. Spigarelli, E. Evangelista, and G. I. Rosen. "Hot Workability and Constitutive Equations of ZM21 Magnesium Alloy." In Advances on Extrusion Technology and Simulation of Light Alloys, 79–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-467-7.79.

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Liu, Xiaoping, Sungyu Kim, and Aidan Kerrigan. "Relationship between Hot Workability and Center Segregation in Bearing Steel." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 11th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 411–20. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160020160148.

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Mahalle, Gauri, Nitin Kotkunde, Amit Kumar Gupta, and Swadesh Kumar Singh. "Analysis of Hot Workability of Inconel Alloys Using Processing Maps." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 109–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9072-3_10.

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Gao, Lei, Alan A. Luo, Shiyi Wang, and Xiaoqin Zeng. "Flow Behavior and Hot Workability of Pre-Extruded AZ80 Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2013, 119–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663004.ch20.

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Tercelj, M., and G. Kugler. "Hot Workability of 1.2690 Ledeburitic Tool Steel and Development of Microstructure." In 2nd International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 271–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062081.ch33.

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Gao, Lei, Alan A. Luo, Shiyi Wang, and Xiaoqin Zeng. "Flow Behavior and Hot Workability of Pre-Extruded AZ80 Magnesium Alloy." In Magnesium Technology 2013, 121–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48150-0_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hot workability"

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Long, Z., D. Fu, Z. Zhong, and P. Ma. "Hot-Workability of IN706 Alloy." In Superalloys. TMS, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/1997/superalloys_1997_205_210.

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Stendal, Johan Andreas, Mark Eisentraut, Irina Sizova, Sebastian Bolz, Markus Bambach, and Sabine Weiß. "Effect of heat treatment on the workability of hot isostatically pressed TNM-B1." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING: ESAFORM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112544.

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Hegyes, Tibor, and Péter Barkóczy. "Optimalization of Aluminium Rolling Technology and Possiblities of the Hot Workability of Different Aluminium Alloys." In MultiScience - XXXIII. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2019.075.

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Venugopal, S., and S. L. Mannan. "On the Optimisation of Hot Workability in Austenitic Stainless Steels Using Dynamic Material Model and a Novel Methodology for the Control of Microstructure During Hot Working." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55513.

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The constitutive flow behaviour of austenitic stainless steels type AISI 304L, 316L, and 304 in the warm and hot working regions has been evaluated. The technique adopted for the study of constitutive behaviour is through establishing processing maps and instability maps, and interpreting them on the basis of dynamic materials model (DMM). The “safe” processing regime predicted by processing maps have been further refined using the values of apparent activation energy during deformation. The validity and the merit of this refining procedure have been demonstrated with an example of press forging trials on stainless steel 316L.
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Perkins, Timothy A., and John T. Roth. "The Reduction of Deformation Energy and Increase in Workability of Metals Through an Applied Electric Current." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81060.

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Many manufacturing processes (e.g., forging, rolling, extrusion, and sheet metal) rely on the application of heat to reduce the forces associated with fabricating parts. However, due to the negative implications associated with hot working, another more efficient means of applying energy is desired. This paper investigates the changes in the material properties of various metals (aluminum, copper, iron, and titanium based alloys) in response to electricity flow. Theory involving electromigration, and, more specifically, electroplasticity, is examined and the implications thereof are analyzed. It is shown that, using electrical current, the flow stresses in a material are reduced, resulting in a lower specific energy for open-die forging. It is also shown that an applied electrical current can increase the forgeability of materials, allowing greater deformation prior to cracking. Additionally, elastic recovery is shown to decrease when using electricity during deformation. Finally, For most materials, these effects were dependent on strain rate.
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Bremer, Sandrine, Volker Flaxa, and Franz M. Knoop. "A Novel Alloying Concept for Thermo-Mechanical Hot-Rolled Strip for Large Diameter HTS (Helical Two Step) Line Pipe." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64678.

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One of the major priorities of the research and development department of the Salzgitter Group is placed on the product and process optimisation of both approved conventional steel grades for line pipe application and novel high strength alloying concepts. With respect to reduced wall-thicknesses and higher operating pressures for gas transportation pipelines, the requirements for hot wide strip material are steadily increasing. Material strength can be increased either by grain refinement of the ferritic-pearlitic phase in combination with precipitation hardening or by replacing the ferrite-pearlite by an intermediate microstructure, so-called acicular ferrite. A low carbon content supports the formation of the microstructure desired and results in an improvement of the carbon equivalent. This acicular ferrite does not only raise the material strength but also improve low temperature toughness, weldability and workability. New processing routes based on the demands of novel alloying concepts have been developed in order to achieve the intermediate microstructure. In the following paper, two different alloying and processing strategies and the resulting mechanical properties and microstructures are described and illustrated.
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Korb, G., M. Rühle, and H. P. Martinz. "New Iron-Based ODS-Superalloys for High Demanding Applications." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-405.

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Some shortcomings of the commercial alloy MA 956 like insufficient hot gas corrosion resistance at extremely high temperatures or porous welding seams as a result of residual inert gas content, have been overcome by slightly changing the chemical composition, and a generally improved process technology. The mainly developed “work horse”-alloy PM 2000 - exhibits additionally significantly better stress-rupture properties at high temperatures. Workability even down to small dimensions is good, when an especially adapted processing route is applied. In this paper data of tensile strength and stress rupture properties are given for elevated temperatures. Hot gas corrosion behaviour is demonstrated for isothermally and cyclicly treated materials, including thermal shock tests. Some results of a burner rig test are presented additionally. Resistance against different molten slags, salts and glasses has been investigated and is discussed.
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Luan, B. F., R. S. Qiu, Z. Zhou, K. L. Murty, J. Zhou, and Q. Liu. "Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of Zr-1.0Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr Using Processing Map." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15186.

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Hot deformation characteristics of forged and β-quenched Zr-1.0Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr (N18 alloy) in the temperature range 625–950°C and in the strain rate range 0.005–5 s−1 have been studied by uniaxial compression testing of Gleeble 3500. For this study, the approach of processing maps has been adopted and their interpretation done using the Dynamic Materials Model (DMM). Based on a series of true stress-true strain curves on various temperatures and strain rates, the flow stress has been summarized and both the strain rate sensitivity index (m) and deformation activation energy (Q) have been calculated by the constitutive equations that flow stress and the relationship of Z parameter and flow stress have been established subsequently. Furthermore, the efficiency of power dissipation (⬜) given by [2m/(m+1)] and improved by Murty has been plotted as a function of temperature and strain rate to obtain different processing maps at different true strain rates ranging from 0.1–0.7. Subsequently, the microstructures of the specimens after compression testing were characterized by electron channeling contrast (ECC) imaging techniques used an FEI Nova 400 field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). The results showed that: (i) The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of zirconium alloy, and the deformation activation energy and flow stress equation were calculated under the different temperature stages which insists that the deformation mechanism is not dynamic recovery. (ii) The hot processing maps and its validation were analyzed, which indicated that the DMM theory was reliable and could be adopted as useful tool for optimizing hot workability of Zr. The optimum parameters for extrusion and hammer forging were revealed on the processing maps of 830–950°C, 0.048–2.141 s−1 and 916–950°C, 2.465–5 s−1. (iii) The microstructure of the ingot exhibits a typical lamellar Widmanstatten structure. Under the different strain rates, the grains formed by dynamic recrystallization existed normally in the central zone of the compression samples while the no uniformity of grain size increased with the increasing of strain rate. Meanwhile, due to the dynamic recrystallization as a thermal activation process, the grains size and uniformity increased with the increasing of temperature. In brief, microstructure analysis showed that continuous dynamic recrystallization and geometric dynamic recrystallization operated concurrently during the isothermal compressive deformation.
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Luo, Min, Chun Xu, Bing Zhou, Yan-hui Guo, and Rong-bin Li. "Static Recrystallization Behavior of a Nitrogen Controlled Z2CN19-10 Austenitic Stainless Steel." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2746.

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In order to increase the hot workability and provide proper hot forming parameters for nitrogen controlled Z2CN19-10 austenitic stainless steel, the static recrystallization behavior was investigated by double-pass hot compression tests in the temperature range of 950–1100°C, initial grain size of 72μm–152μm, and the strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 5 s−1. The tests were conducted with inter-pass times varying between 1 and 100 s after achieving a pass strain of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 in the first pass on a Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The static recrystallization fraction has been predicted by the 2 % offset stress method and verified by metallographic observations. The metallographic results indicate the crystallized grains generate at the cross of the prior austenite grain boundary and grow up. Also the kinetics of static recrystallization behavior for Z2CN19-10 steel are proposed. Experimental results show that the volume fraction of static recrystallization increases with the increase of deformation temperature, strain rates, pass strain and interval time, while it decreases with the increase of initial grain size. According to the present experimental results, the activation energy (Q) and Avrami exponent (n) was determined as 199.02kJ/mol and 0.69. The established equations can give a reasonable estimate of the static recrystallization behavior for Z2CN19-10 steel.
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Hirata, Katsuya, Jiro Funaki, Katsuya Yamada, and Hirohisa Wakisaka. "On Oscillation of a Confined Jet With a Downstream Obstacle." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45131.

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In the present study, the authors investigate an oscillatory phenomenon of a two-dimensional confined jet with a square prism, by experiments and computations. In experiments in an air duct, jet’s frequencies were measured near the target by a hot-wire anemometer, in the Reynolds-number range of 300–5000. In computations, the numerical method adopted here is a finite difference method formulated in terms of vorticity and stream function. As a result, we can see the Reynolds-number effect, the target-distance effect and the target-size effect upon Strouhal number. Regarding the Reynolds-number effect, it was found that there is less influence, which guarantees widerange workability as a flowmeter or a mixer. Regarding geometrical parameters, the results show information for optimal configurations. The results can be surnmarised in an empirical formula describing the relation between Strouhal number and geometrical parameters, with a specified unstable range. Computed jet’s frequencies were confirrned to be in good agreement with experimental ones, which indicates that the phenomenon is intrinsically two-dimensional. Numerical results reveal details of flow field and possibility for applications.
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Reports on the topic "Hot workability"

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Fuchs, G. E. The hot workability and superplasticity of Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/329558.

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