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Journal articles on the topic 'Hot workability'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Higashi, Masaya, and Naoya Kanno. "Evaluation of Hot Workability of Powder Metallurgy Ni-Based Superalloy with Different Initial Microstructures." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-06085-5.

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AbstractThe effect of the initial microstructure on the hot workability of a powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy was investigated in the high-temperature range of 950 °C to 1180 °C and strain rate range of 0.001 to 1.0 s−1. Six samples with different initial microstructures were fabricated by various hot isostatic pressing (HIP) conditions and subsequent treatments such as hot extrusion. The coarse-grained samples exhibited low hot workability regardless of the deformation conditions. In contrast, the hot workability of the fine-grained samples significantly varied depending on the deformation conditions. The hot workability exhibited a peak at the sub-solvus temperature of ~ 1100 °C and decreased at temperatures higher and lower than this temperature. In addition, the hot workability decreased monotonically with increasing the strain rate. The prior particle boundaries (PPBs) acted as cavity nucleation sites and crack paths, especially at lower temperatures and higher strain rates, resulting in early fracture and low hot workability. With decreasing the grain size, the hot workability at the peak temperature improved. The extruded sample with the smallest grain size exhibited the best hot workability, owing to the avoidance of PPB fracture and the acceleration of dynamic recrystallization.
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2

Gudimettla, Jagan M., L. Allen Cooley, and E. Ray Brown. "Workability of Hot-Mix Asphalt." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1891, no. 1 (January 2004): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1891-27.

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3

Nhat, Tran Thanh, and Osamu Takahashi. "INVESTIGATION ON INDICES OF WORKABILITY AND RUTTING RESISTANCE FOR WEARING COURSE MIXTURES." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.04.

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Simple indices easily help to evaluate a performance of hot mix asphalt mixtures. This study aimed to develop a simple workability index and rutting resistance index for wearing course mixtures. Seven aggregate gradations were prepared to investigate dense, coarse, and fine-graded hot mix asphalt mixtures. The study used the Marshall compactor to fabricate specimens. The Superpave Gyratory Compaction was employed to measure the workability of the seven blends, namely the workability energy parameter of asphalt mixtures. The study also conducted Wheel Tracking Test to evaluate rutting resistance of those mixtures. The results showed a strong relationship between the workability index and the workability energy of hot mix asphalt mixtures, namely increasing the workability energy of mixtures with increasing the workability index value. The workability energy value of an asphalt mixture may be high when the area of continuous maximum density for a proportion of stone, which illustrates a degree of far away from the Fuller maximum density line, is low. Moreover, the rutting resistance index correlated well with rutting resistance of the hot mix asphalt mixtures.
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4

Gavgali,, M., and Y. Totik,. "Hot Workability of 5052 Aluminum Alloy." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 12, no. 3 (June 2001): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm.2001.12.3.187.

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5

Finkler, Helmut, and Günter Rennollet. "Hot workability of steels for forgings." Steel Research 57, no. 6 (June 1986): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.198600764.

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6

McQueen, H. J., and D. L. Bourell. "Hot Workability of Metals and Alloys." JOM 39, no. 9 (September 1987): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03257647.

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7

Venugopal, S., S. L. Mannan, and Y. V. R. K. Prasad. "Optimization of hot workability in stainless." Metallurgical Transactions A 23, no. 11 (November 1992): 3093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02646128.

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8

Asgharzadeh, Hamed, and Abdolreza Simchi. "Hot Deformation Behavior of P/M Al6061-20% SiC Composite." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.897.

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In the present work, hot workability of particulate-reinforced Al6061-20%SiC composite produced by direct hot extrusion technique was studied. Uniaxial hot compression test at various temperatures and strain rates was used and the workability behavior was evaluated from the flow curves and the attendant microstructures. It was shown that the presence of SiC particles in the soft Al6061 matrix deteriorates the hot workability. Bulging of the specimens and flow lines were observed, which indicates the plastic instability during hot working. Microstructure of the composites after hot deformation was found to be heterogeneous, i.e. the reinforcement clusters were observed at the flow lines. The mechanism of deformation is determined to be controlled primarily by dynamic recrystallization.
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9

SUZUKI, Hirowo G., Takeo ASHIURA, Koshiro AOYAGI, Hideki FUJII, and Kohji TANABE. "Hot Workability of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys." Tetsu-to-Hagane 72, no. 6 (1986): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.72.6_587.

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10

Gonçalves, Marcelo C., M. G. Martins, Wojciech Z. Misiolek, and William H. Van Geertruyden. "Homogenization and Hot Workability of Alloy AA2014." Materials Science Forum 396-402 (July 2002): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.396-402.393.

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11

McQueen, H. J., and Man Jong Lee. "Hot Workability of High Strength 6060 Alloy." Materials Science Forum 331-337 (May 2000): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.331-337.437.

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12

Spigarelli, S., F. Bardi, and E. Evangelista. "Hot Workability of the 2618 Aluminium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 331-337 (May 2000): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.331-337.449.

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13

Zou, Dening, Ying Han, Dongna Yan, Duo Wang, Wei Zhang, and Guangwei Fan. "Hot workability of 00Cr13Ni5Mo2 supermartensitic stainless steel." Materials & Design 32, no. 8-9 (September 2011): 4443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.067.

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14

Jabbari-Taleghani, M. A., and J. M. Torralba. "Hot workability of nanocrystalline AZ91 magnesium alloy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 595 (May 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.01.091.

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15

Taha, M. A., N. A. El-Mahallawy, and T. A. El-Benawy. "Workability of unidirectionally solidified Al-8 wt% Cu alloy: Part II. Hot workability." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 35, no. 1 (September 1992): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(92)90302-9.

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16

Kang, Jun-Yun, Hoyoung Kim, Dongmin Son, Cheolpyo Kim, Soon Keun Park, and Tae-Ho Lee. "Hot-worked microstructure and hot workability of cold-work tool steels." Materials Characterization 135 (January 2018): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.11.001.

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17

Kirchner, A., D. Hinz, V. Panchanathan, O. Gutfleisch, K. H. Muller, and L. Schultz. "Improved hot workability and magnetic properties in NdFeCoGaB hot deformed magnets." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 36, no. 5 (2000): 3288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.908772.

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18

Imayev, V. M., Renat M. Imayev, Timur G. Khismatullin, T. Oleneva, Volker Gühter, and Hans Jörg Fecht. "Microstructure and Processing Ability of β-Solidifying TNM-Based γ-TiAl Alloys." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.235.

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Microstructure and hot workability have been considered for a number of -TiAl alloys including -solidifying TNM alloys. All TNM alloys under study showed improved hot workability in cast condition. As was shown for the Ti-45Al-5Nb-1Mo-0.2B alloy, a critical issue of TNM alloys is room temperature ductility in the conditions with lamellar structure.
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19

Matsuzaki, Kunio, Yoichi Murakoshi, Toru Shimizu, and Kaoru Kikuchi. "Formability of AZ31 Alloys Prepared by Hot-Extrusion of their Machined Chips." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1569.

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Machined AZ31 alloy chips were consolidated by hot-pressing and then hot-extrusion at 300 °C, and their workability was evaluated. The consolidated sample has a fully dense microstructure with fine equiaxed grains. The compression and backward extrusion tests reveal that the consolidated AZ31 chips have a good workability at above 200°C. It is said that the recycled AZ31 alloy by hot-extrusion of the chips is suitable for forging materials and the process is useful for the recycling of Mg chips.
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20

McQueen, H. J., and M. Sauerborn. "Hot workability and extrusion modelling of magnesium alloys." Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 96, no. 6 (June 2005): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.101082.

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21

El-Meligy, Maha, and Taher El-Bitar. "Hot workability of 420 J1 martensitic stainless steel." Procedia Manufacturing 50 (2020): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.08.139.

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22

MA, Minglong, Lanqiang HE, Xinggang LI, Yongjun LI, and Kui ZHANG. "Hot workability of Mg-9Y-1MM-0.6Zr alloy." Journal of Rare Earths 29, no. 5 (May 2011): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0721(10)60479-6.

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23

Milović, Ranko, Dragoslav Manojlović, Milojica Andjelić, and Djordje Drobnjak. "Hot workability of M2 type high-speed steel." Steel Research 63, no. 2 (February 1992): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199200474.

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24

Lu, Xu Dong, Jin Hui Du, Qun Deng, and Zeng Yong Zhong. "Slow Cooling Treatment of High-Alloyed Superalloy." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.98.

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The very poor hot workability of high-alloyed GH4742 superalloy is represented in the aspects of very narrow available deformation temperature range, high deformation-resistant force and poor ductility. In this paper, a special heat treatment to change the ingot microstructure is proposed to improve the hot workability of the GH4742 superalloy. The' phase with a appropriate size and morphology and tortuous grain boundary were obtained by slow cooling in the ' two phases region after solution treatment. Modified microstructure induces that the hot deformation flow stress of GH4742 superalloy was decreased effectively and hot deformation plasticity was increased obviously.
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25

Takagi, F., O. Kobayashi, A. Arai, K. Akioka, and T. Shimoda. "Workability of Hot Bending in Pr-Fe-B-Cu Hot Rolled Magnets." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 18, no. 2 (1994): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.18.217.

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26

YU, Hui, Youngmin KIM, Huashun YU, Bongsun YOU, and Guanghui MIN. "HOT DEFMATION BEHAVIOR AND HOT WORKABILITY OF Mg-Zn-Zr-Ce ALLOY." Acta Metallurgica Sinica 48, no. 9 (2012): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1037.2012.00107.

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27

Lu, Zheng Guan, Jie Wu, Rui Peng Guo, Jia Feng Lei, Lei Xu, and Rui Yang. "Prediction of Ring Rolling Process of PM Ti2AlNb Alloy by Hot Isostatic Pressing Based on Gleeble-3800 and FE Simulation." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.753.

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Hot workability during hot ring rolling of Ti2AlNb alloy prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) was studied in this work. Compression results showed that the hot workability of HIP’ed Ti2AlNb was comparable to that of wrought Ti2AlNb. O phase disappeared in compression samples (conducted from 930~1030°C, ~50% total reduction) after deformation which is considered to cause elongation decrease. Finite element method (FEM) was used to predict the temperature/strain distribution during rolling process, and the results indicated that the rolling parameters were very crucial. A sound hot ring rolled billet was successfully fabricated based on an optimized rolling process. Thermal mechanical simulation and FEM are very useful tools for parameters selection during ring rolling.
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28

Fedoriková, Alica, Tibor Kvačkaj, Róbert Kočiško, Róbert Bidulský, Patrik Petroušek, Jana Bidulská, and Lucia Domovcová. "HOT COMPRESSION TEST OF 9 Cr-1 Mo STEEL – NUMERICAL SIMULATION." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 22, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v22i2.616.

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<p>This paper is focused on the evaluation of formability of heat resistant steel type 9Cr-1Mo by laboratory numerical simulation – hot compression test confirmed by laboratory hot compression test. The 9Cr-1Mosteel represents modern 9%Cr tempered martensitic steel for high temperature applications in advanced thermal power plants. Numerical simulations were computed in software Deform 3D for five proposed sample shapes. On the base of normalized Cockcroft-Latham criterion (nCL), indicating the material damage during deformation, the sample type “tapered roller with four axial notches” was found to be the most suitable for hot workability evaluation. On base of simulations, it is also evaluated the temperature range of the workability of 9Cr-1Mo. The interval of good workability according to the nCL criteria is in the temperature range from 650 to 950 °C.</p>
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29

Bambach, Markus, Irina Sizova, and Aliakbar Emdadi. "Towards Damage Controlled Hot Forming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 885 (November 2018): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.885.56.

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Metal forming processes may induce internal damage in the form of voids in the workpiece under unfavorable deformation conditions. Controlling the amount of damage induced by metal forming operations may increase service performance of the produced parts. Damage is crucial in high-performance components of limited workability such as jet engine turbine blades. Recent developments have introduced forged titanium aluminides into commercial jet engines. Titanium aluminides are lightweight intermetallic compounds with excellent creep properties but very limited ductility. Their low workability requires isothermal forging at slow strain rates, which is typically kept constant in the process. This work explores the possibility of increasing the ram speed during the process so that the process time is reduced while the amount of damage introduced into the workpiece is controlled. The results show that a 25% reduction in process time seems viable without increase in damage by solving an optimal control problem, in which the ram speed profile is determined off-line by minimization.
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30

Sun, Chaoyang, Yu Xiang, Qingjun Zhou, Denis Politis, Zhihui Sun, and Mengqi Wang. "Dynamic Recrystallization and Hot Workability of 316LN Stainless Steel." Metals 6, no. 7 (July 5, 2016): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met6070152.

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31

El Mehtedi, Mohamad, Luigi Balloni, S. Spigarelli, E. Evangelista, and G. I. Rosen. "Hot Workability and Constitutive Equations of ZM21 Magnesium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 367 (February 2008): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.367.79.

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One of the most challenging activities for magnesium industry is to increase productivity by introducing cost-effective processes. While die-cast magnesium alloys are in worldwide use, even in the demanding sector of automotive industry, where cost is the major asset, wrought magnesium alloys still not widely available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the high temperature response by torsion testing of a ZM21 alloy, to calculate the constitutive equations to be used in FEM simulation of the extrusion process. The ZM21 alloy that was considered in the present study was Direct-Chill casted by Alubin Ltd., Israel. Torsion tests were carried out in air on a computer-controlled torsion machine, under strain rates ranging from 10-2 to 5 s-1 and temperatures from 200 to 400°C. The equivalent peak flow stress was related to temperature and strain rate by means of the conventional power-law and by the sinh equation. The microstructure of the alloy, even at 300°C, appeared largely unrecrystallized, with elongated grains; also at 400°C, the structure is more equiaxed, but elongated structures still appears.
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32

Sudhakar, N., N. Jagadeesh, N. RaviKumar, and V. S. N. Venkata Ramana. "Hot workability and corrosion behavior of EN31 grade steel." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 2 (2018): 6855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.346.

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33

Pu, En-xiang, Wen-jie Zheng, Zhi-gang Song, Jin-zhong Xiang, and Xian-ping Wei. "Optimization of Hot Workability in Superaustenitic Stainless Steel 654SMO." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 21, no. 10 (October 2014): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(14)60171-0.

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34

EVANGELISTA, E., H. J. McQUEEN, M. NIEWCZAS, and M. CABIBBO. "HOT WORKABILITY OF 2304 AND 2205 DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 43, no. 3 (January 2004): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.2004.43.3.339.

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35

Narayan, Sumesh, and Ananthanarayanan Rajeshkannan. "Workability studies of sintered aluminium composites during hot deformation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 230, no. 3 (November 27, 2014): 494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405414556497.

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36

Zhou, Ningbo, Fan Zhao, Meng Wu, Bo Jiang, Chaolei Zhang, and Yazheng Liu. "Hot workability of V-Ti microalloyed steel for forging." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 2 (2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018066.

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The hot compression and the hot tensile experiments were carried out on a Gleeble3800 thermal-mechanical simulator at different deformation conditions. The relationship between the flow stress and Zener-Hollomon parameter was established by the hyperbolic sine function. The hot deformation apparent activation energy is about 371 kJ/mol. There are two peak regions of m-value in the m maps with true strain of 0.2. One peak corresponds to the temperature of 1050 °C and the strain rate of 0.01 s−1, the other one corresponds to the temperature of 1200 °C and the strain rates within range of 0.1 s−1 ∼ 1 s−1. There is only one peak region (1150 °C ∼ 1200 °C, 0.1 s−1 ∼ 1 s−1) of m-value, when true strain is 0.4 or 0.9. The reduction of area increases from 65% to 98% with the temperature increases from 800 °C to 1200 °C. In temperature range of 1000 °C ∼ 1200 °C, the reduction of area is always over 90%, which means that the plasticity of the steel is fine. According to the results of the research, it can be proved that the optimal deformation conditions with different strain correspond to the peak regions of m-value. The optimum deformation conditions is the temperature of 1200 °C and the strain rates within range of 0.1 s−1 ∼ 1 s−1, which were suitable for the true strain with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.9 at the same time.
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37

Rajagopalachary, T., and V. V. Kutumbarao. "Intrinsic hot workability map for a titanium alloy IMI685." Scripta Materialia 35, no. 3 (August 1996): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-6462(96)00135-2.

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38

Abbassi, F., M. Srinivasan, C. Loganathan, R. Narayanasamy, and M. Gupta. "Experimental and numerical analyses of magnesium alloy hot workability." Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 4, no. 4 (December 2016): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2016.10.004.

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39

Su, Zexing, Li Wan, Chaoyang Sun, Yun Cai, and Daijun Yang. "Hot deformation behavior of AZ80 magnesium alloy towards optimization of its hot workability." Materials Characterization 122 (December 2016): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.10.026.

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40

Kim, Myoung-Hun, Ji-Woon Lee, Sang-Wook Kim, Hyeon-Woo Son, Ho-Joon Choi, Young-Chul Shin, Seong-Sik Lim, Jae-Bum Kim, Taek-Keun Jung, and Soong-Keun Hyun. "Evaluation of the Hot Workability of Commercially Pure Ti Using Hot Torsion Tests." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16181.

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41

Cai, Zhiwei, Fuxiao Chen, Fengjie Ma, and Junqing Guo. "Dynamic recrystallization behavior and hot workability of AZ41M magnesium alloy during hot deformation." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 670 (June 2016): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.033.

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42

SONG, HONGWU, SHIHONG ZHANG, MING CHENG, FEI MEN, and CHUNLING BAO. "HOT WORKABILITY DURING SUBTRANSUS DEFORMATION AT HIGHER STRAIN RATES OF TC11 ALLOY WITH WIDMANSTĂTTEN MICROSTRUCTURE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2009): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209060178.

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The effect of processing parameters on hot workability and microstructure evolution during subtransus deformation of TC11 alloy with widmanstăten microstructure was studied using isothermal compression tests. Testing was conducted at strain rates of 0.1-10s-1, temperature ranges 920-980°C and height reductions of 30-70%. The influence of hot working parameters on flow behavior, hot workability and microstructure evolution was systemically investigated. The results showed that all the flow curves exhibited a peak stress at very low strains (<0.1) followed by extensive flow softening. Surface fracture, cavitations and localized shear flow were found to be main factors that limited the hot workability of TC11 alloy. At low strains, lamellar kinking started to occur due to the orientation between the colony α lamellar and stress axis. With deformation continues, reorientation of the lamellar colony occurred and the deformed lamellar became elongated and thinner. At high stains, segmentation and globularization of α lamellar took place to produce a refined microstructure with α grain size around 1 µm that is technologically desirable for secondary processes such as superplastic forming. A microstructure mechanism map based on the previous results was then established and applied to process design considering defect and microstructure control.
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43

Huang, Meng Yun, Jing Hui Liu, Xi Zhang, and Dan Ni Li. "Laboratory Assessment of Workability of Asphalt Rubber Hot Mixes Using Warm Mix Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.452.

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Using the waste crumb rubber modified asphalt to pave the road surface could reduce cost and save energy. However，in order to obtain adequate workability, the mixing temperature and compaction temperature of rubberized asphalt binder and its mixture is much higher than those of conventional asphalt mixtures. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is the name given to certain technologies that reduce the production and placement temperatures of asphalt mixes. One of the main benefits advertised is the increased workability at conventional and lower compaction temperatures with the WMA addition. This paper evaluates whether there are any synergy effects of using warm mix technologies and Asphalt Rubber(AR) hot mixes. This paper summarizes a lab research to evaluate the workability of Asphalt Rubber hot mixes containing warm mix technologies. Both asphalt binder and asphalt mixture were evaluated and compared. The research suggests that combining WMA technology with Asphalt Rubber mixtures is a win-win.
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44

Lu, Wei Jie, Jun Qiang Lu, Di Zhang, and Hong Liang Hou. "Improvement in Hot Workability of Titanium Matrix Composite by Thermohydrogen Treatment." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.835.

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Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite (TMC) reinforced with TiB plus TiC was prepared and hydrogenated. Isothermal compression tests and high temperature tensile tests were carried out to study the effect of the hydrogen on hot deformation and superplastic deformation. The flow behaviour and microstructure evaluation of hot deformation was investigated. The results show hydrogen can reduce the flow stress and decrease the deformation temperature or increase the strain rate at the same flow stress level in hot deformation. Hydrogen increasing β phase and promoting dynamic recrystallizaiton (DRX) was considered as the main reasons for hydrogen-induced plasticity in hot deformation. The results of superplastic deformation indicate hydrogen can decrease the superplastic temperature 100°C or increase strain rate one order of magnitude at the same elongation level in superplastic deformation. Hydrogen promoting DRX were considered as the main reason for improvement of superplastic elongation.
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45

Zhang, Hongming, Mingqian Yang, Yuan Xu, Cheng Sun, Gang Chen, and Fei Han. "Constitutive Behavior and Hot Workability of a Hot Isostatic Pressed Ti-22Al-25Nb Alloy during Hot Compression." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 28, no. 11 (November 2019): 6816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04453-w.

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46

Qin, Fang Cheng, Yong Tang Li, Hui Ping Qi, and Shi Wen Du. "Hot Processing Maps and Workability Characteristics of As-Cast 42CrMo Steel during Hot Compression." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.930.

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In order to investigate the thermal forming behavior of as-cast 42CrMo steel, the isothermal compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-1500D thermal mechanical simulator in the deformation temperature ranging from 850 to 1150°C with an interval of 100°C, the strain rate ranging from 0.05 to 5s-1 and the height reduction of 60%. On the basis of the flow stress data, dynamic materials model (DMM) and Prasad's instability criterion, the processing maps for as-cast 42CrMo steel were constructed at the strains of 0.4 and 0.6. The safe and unsafe areas and the corresponding deformation regimes were predicted during hot working, which are verified through the microstructure observation. The results indicate that the safe zones in the temperature range of 850~1150°C and strain rate of 0.05~0.35s-1, which exhibit the dynamic recovery and recrystallization. However, the flow instability domains are in the domain of deformation temperatures 850~1150°C and strain rate higher than 0.35s-1. Typical microstructure of instability is cracking, which should be avoided so as to obtain desired mechanical properties in hot processing. Finally, the forging parameters were predicted and optimized accurately by the processing maps, the temperature range of 1050~1150°C and strain rate of 0.05~0.1s-1 were recommended as the optimum deformation conditions for hot processing of as-cast 42CrMo steel.
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47

Sasaki, Shunsuke, Tatsuro Katsumura, and Hiroki Ota. "Influence of thermal history before hot working on hot workability of multi-phase steel." Procedia Engineering 207 (2017): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.946.

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48

Gonzalez, N., M. C. Revilla, B. López, and J. M. Rodriguez-Ibabe. "Microstructural Features Intervening in Hot Workability of Free Cutting Steels." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.777.

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Free cutting steels belong to a family associated with hot workability problems. This study has focused on the analysis of microstructural features located near the surface of the billet before and after reheating and how they can affect the nucleation/propagation of damage during initial hot working operations. The work has been done with free cutting steels containing sulfur contents ranging from 0.32 to 0.42%. The relevance of clustering of inclusions, their location at grain boundaries or triple points and the influence of softening mechanisms (as recrystallization) have been considered with the help of several parameters determined by image analysis techniques.
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49

Wang, Ming Liang, Zhe Chen, Dong Chen, Yi Wu, Xian Feng Li, Nai Heng Ma, and Hao Wei Wang. "The Constitutive Model and Processing Map for In Situ 5wt% TiB2 Reinforced 7050 Al Alloy Matrix Composite." Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (September 2013): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.11.

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This study investigated the constitutive flow behavior and hot workability of in-situ 5wt% TiB2 reinforced 7050 Al alloy matrix composite by hot compression experiments. Based on the experimental results of flow curves, a constitutive model describing the relationship of the flow stress, true strain, strain rate and temperature is proposed. Substantially, it is found the constitutive equation of flow stress is dependent on the strain, strain rate and temperature. The coefficients (E.g., α, n, Q and lnA) in the equation are functions of true strains. The results of the calculated values from constitutive equation are verified to well agree with the experimental values. Furthermore, the processing map of the composite is created in order to determine the hot processing domains. The optimum zones for hot workability and instability regions are identified. In instability domain, the microstructures display the main failure modes as the particle cracking and interface debonding.
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50

Shin, Je Sik, Bo Hyun Kim, Sang Mok Lee, and B. M. Moon. "Cold Workability and Magnetic Properties of 6% Si Steel." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4643.

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In order to develop an economical production method of high Si steel sheet, 6%Si (by weight percent, unless specified otherwise) steel was prepared by a combined process of conventional casting and hot- and cold-rolling. Tension and nano-hardness tests and TEM analysis were carried out to examine the effects of ordered phases, Si-content, and testing temperature on cold workability. By optimizing the successive processes of casting, hot-rolling, heat treatment, and cold-rolling, 0.5 mm thick 6%Si steel sheet was successfully produced without crack formation. As Si content increased from 3% to 6%, core loss (W10/50) of the 0.5 mm thick Si steel sheet decreased from 1.36 W/kg to 0.89 W/kg.
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