Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hôte-parasite'
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Boissier, Jérôme. "Sexe et schistosome : écologie des interactions hôte-parasite et parasite-parasite." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0478.
Full textThe life cycle of the genus Schistosoma is analysed both considering the host-parasite interactions as a function of the parasite sex and the parasite-parasite sex-dependant interactions. Studies of the host-parasite interactions according to the sex of infection revealed that male schistosomes are more pathogenic than females both in the mollusc and in the vertebrate host. Concerning the mollusc host, a male-infected mollusc was more affected in its nutrition, relation and reproductive functions than a female-infected mollusc. Concerning the vertebrate host, the pathogeny depended on the sex of the host and on the sex of the parasite. Female mice were less affected than male mice and male parasites had a higher stimulation on the immune system of the host than had female parasites. These differences between male and female pathogeny revealed different sexual strategies along the schistosome life cycle. The parasite-parasite interactions were analysed both in the mollusc and in the vertebrate hosts. Concerning the mollusc host, the simultaneous presence of both sexes, in a mollusc increases the development success of the larvae shed by this mollusc. Concerning the vertebrate host we showed intra and intersexes interactions. Genetically different females would complete each other (intrasexual interaction) and would choose there males (intersexual interaction). These interactions could be linked to sexual phenomena which could influence the life-history traits of these parasites
Morga, Benjamin. "Etude des interactions hôte/parasite chez l'huître plate Ostrea edulis et son parasite Bonamia ostreae." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618480.
Full textSalvaudon, Lucie. "Les interactions spécifiques entre génotypes dans les systèmes hôte-parasite." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112229.
Full textIn this PhD thesis I investigated the coevolution processes occurring in host-parasite associations, and, in particular, how this coevolution is affected by a shared control of the infection phenotype by both protagonists. Indeed, in this type of association, the host and parasite genotypes can both contribute in the expression of phenotypic traits linked to parasite fitness, like infectivity of transmission, as well as to host fitness, for resistance and virulence traits. All these traits then depend on host genotype, on parasite genotype, but can also depend on the specific interaction between the two. With an experimental approach on the infection by the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis (= parasitica) on the host plant Arabidopsis thaliana, I demonstrated that quantitative traits such as symptoms intensity and parasite transmission success can also be controlled by these host genotype by parasite genotype interactions. Furthermore these interactions, which can also be found at the population scale, alter the relationship between parasite transmission and virulence. They can then make it more difficult to predict the evolution of virulence in natural populations. Finally, taking into account both protagonists in the determination of infection phenotype emphasize the important role of host mechanisms, aimed at resist or tolerate parasitic damages, and of evolved dependence processes, on the impact of parasites. Indeed, depending on parasite identity, host type of defenses, and their respective evolutionary histories, the outcome of an infection can range from high costs, to even apparent benefits for the host
Lippens, Cédric. "Coûts et bénéfices de l'inflammation dans les relations hôte-parasite." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS035/document.
Full textHost-parasite interactions are characterized by trade-offs that involve both plastic and microevolutionary responses. On one hand, while immunity is essential to fight parasites, it can also cause damage to the host, leading to autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, parasites have to cope with the immune environnement provided by the host. This raises the question of the costs and benefits of the inflammatory response for the two partners of the interaction. With different experimental and literature-based approaches, I showed that immunopathology is a trait that likely persists because of the immediate benefits of the immune response in terms of protection against parasites. Furthermore, I was able to show that inflammation positively altered the life history traits of the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus both plastically or after experimental evolution. However, the parasite invested more in immunomodulation and camouflage when facing an inflammatory environment, leaving open the question of the costs associated with an inflammatory environment over the entire lifespan of the parasite and/or across generations
Peuvel, Isabelle. "Les protéines du tube polaire chez Encephalitozoon SPP : caractérisation, polymorphisme et étude des interactions protéiques." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT06.
Full textSaimmaime, Isabelle. "Contribution à l' étude d'une interaction hote-parasite : capsicum annuum-phytophthora capsici. Rôle des enzymes a cytochrome p-450 en utilisant la trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase comme modèle d' étude." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX2A001.
Full textChapuis, Laurence. "L'eutypiose de la vigne : contribution à l'étude des relations hôte-parasite." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR22002.
Full textBédhomme, Stéphanie. "Evolution des traits d'histoire de vie dans un système hôte-parasite." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20099.
Full textIbikounle, Moudachirou. "Les Schistosomoses au Bénin : épidémiologie et écologie des interactions hôte-parasite." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0706.
Full textThis work presents an epidemiological and an ecological study of schistosomiasis in Benin. A synthesis of the epidemiological knowledge of schistosomiasis in the space of the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) was carried out. Furthermore, in Benin, we confirmed the existence of the two human schistosomes : S. Haematobium and S. Mansoni on the five existing in the ECOWAS space in which Benin is located (S. Haematobium, S. Mansoni, S. Guineensis, S. Bovis and S. Curassoni). The prevalence obtained for S. Haematobium was 85% and that for S. Mansoni was 30%, and there was evidence for mixed human infections. We could find in Benin at least five potentially snail vector species : B. Forskalii, B. Globosus and B. Truncatus for S. Haematobium, B. Pfeifferi for S. Mansoni and I. Exustus, an exotic snail known to be the snail vector for S. Indicum, S. Spindale and S. Nasale in South-East Asia. I. Exustus is recorded for the first time in Benin in this work and no evidence of active transmission was made. The study of the snail-schistosome interactions showed that the different S. Haematobium populations were differently compatible with three of the four groups of Bulinus : the africanus group, the forskalii group and the reticulatus group and that the different S. Mansoni populations were equally compatible with B. Pfeifferi. The six life-history traits, parasite prepatent period, prevalence and cercarial production and snail growth, reproduction and survival were analyzed using five schistosome populations from Benin including three populations of S. Haematobium (Doh, Sô-Tchanhoué and Toho-Todougba) and two populations of S. Mansoni (Kpinnou and Toho-Todougba) and revealed that if the S. Haematobium populations seemed to be adapted to a local vector, this was not the case for the S. Mansoni populations. The study of the vertebrate-schistosome interactions revealed the existence of an infradian rhythm in the cercarial emissions of both S. Haematobium and S. Mansoni. The human behaviour, followed in one of the transmission sites (Toho-Todougba) where both schistosome species are present, was perfectly correlated with the schistosome chronobiology. This was interpreted in terms of adaptative strategy favouring the transmission of the parasite to its human host
Moulia, Catherine. "Modalités des interactions génétiques dans les systèmes hôte-parasite : l'association nématodes (oxyures) : muridés (Mus) en zone d'hybridation hôte." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20199.
Full textOuwe, Missi Oukem-Boyer Odile. "Recherche et caractérisation d'une molécule immunologiquement apparentée au TNF[Alpha] chez le mollusque Biomphalaria glabrata, hôte intermédiaire du parasite Schistosoma mansoni : intérêt dans la relation hôte-parasite." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10130.
Full textVandame, Rémy. "Importance de l'hybridation de l'hôte dans la tolérance à un parasite : cas de l'acarien parasite Varroa jacobsoni chez les races d'abeille Apis mellifera européenne et africanisée, en climat tropical humide du Mexique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10306.
Full textSchneider, Maria Victoria. "Modes de reproduction chez le parasitoi͏̈de solitaire Venturia canesces." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10071.
Full textDesdevises, Yves. "Recherche des déterminants de la spécifité parasitaire dans le modèle Lamellodiscus (Diplectanidae, Monogenea)-Sparidae (Teleostei) en Méditerranée." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0445.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to obtein a better understanding of the factors controlling host specifity in the host-parasite system formed by fish from the family Sparidae and their specifique monogeneans parasites from the genus Lamellodiscus (Platyhelminthes)
Bendahmane, Mostafa. "Solutions L1 pour des systèmes de réaction-advection-diffusion intervenant en dynamique des populations." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12461.
Full textJouet, Damien. "Les schistosomes aviaires : biodiversité, rélation hôte-parasite, implication dans la dermatite cercarienne." Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIMP204.
Full textIncreasing of waterfowl populations (migratory and sedentary) and resurgence of human touristic activities on various ponds and lakes have promoted the emergence or re-emergence of cercarial dermatitis. On request of local authorities, some epidemiological surveys have been established to seek, understand and identify the different potential agents: parasites, final and intermediate hosts. Snails were collected around places where Human Cercarial Dermatitis (HCD) cases had been usually recorded, and cercarial emergence was tested. At the same time, water birds of these areas (found dead or killed during hunting period) were autopsied to determine the presence of nasal and visceral parasites. Among theses species, we selected ocellate furcocercariae, eggs and adults of Trematodes belonging to the avian schistosomes group, and characterized them by molecular biology. Sequencing of the D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was used for the identification of parasites (furcocercariae, eggs and adult worms) from naturally infected hosts. Among haplotypes isolated in France, some of them were found to be identical with taxa of T. Franki, T. Regenti, T. Szidati, Bilharziella polonica and Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta, now considered as potential agents of HCD in Europe. Several other haplotypes, different from sequences available in the GenBank database, appeared to be new species. They were isolated from adults and eggs from Mute swans and Grey-lag geese (haplotypes C. Olor sp, A. Anser Aa1, Aa2, Aa3) and cercariae isolated from Radix peregra sensu Bargues (2001) (accession numbers EU413961/71 and EU413964/74). Some markers (D2 or ITS-2), seems to be informative at specific level, while and the ITS-1 appears to be a good populational marker. Finally, the recognition of new species will be confirmed by a morphological identification, even if some features seem sometimes subjected to intrinsic or extrinsic changes, in connection with the nature of the host. The concept of specificity in the relationships between Trematodes and snailsI is also discussed, following the observation of cercariae with several different haplotypes (corresponding with different species of Trichobilharzia as T. Regenti or T. Franki), emitted by only one species of snail (Radix eregra) present on a same site. The polymorphism of clinical signs observed during epidemic periods of cercarial dermatitis could be explained by the biodiversity currently observed among avian schistosomes, potential agents of this disease
Geoffroy, Patrick. "Place du granulome bilharzien dans l'interaction immunologique parasite hôte chez "Schistosoma mansoni"." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P240.
Full textDelcroix, Melaine. "Digestion des protéines de l'hôte par le réseau de protéases intestinales du parasite helminthe schistosoma mansoni." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S027.
Full textUtilizing protease inhibitors and Rna interference, we deconvulated the network of endopeptidases functioning in intestinal protein digestion in Schistosoa mansoni. We showed that initial degradation of hemoglobin and albumin by parasite cysteine and aspartic rpoteases, is ordered, occasionally redundant, and substrate specific. While inhibition of cathepsin D had a greater effect on primary cleavage of hemoglobin, inhibition of cysteine proteases predominated in albumin degradation. Nevertheless, in both cases inhibitor combinations were synergistic. An asparaginyl endopeptidase synergized with cathepsin B and L by zymogen activation or facilitating substrate cleavage ; these proteases operate optimally in two distinct acidic compartments : one formed by lamellar fusion in the gut lumen and the second in the gastrodermis. Definig the role of these enzymes provides a clearer understanding of the function of a complex protease network found throughout invertebrate evolution from nematodes to insects. It also provides insights into which of these protease are logical chemotherapeutic targets for schistosomiasis, a major global health problem
Tchuem, Tchuenté Louis-Albert. "Interactions hôte-parasite et compétition interspécifique dans le modèle Schistosoma intercalatum : implications épidémiologiques." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0149.
Full textCoustau, Christine. "Analyse génétique et physiologique des interactions hôte-parasite : le système Prosorhynchus squamatus-Mytilus." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20029.
Full textFaliex, Elisabeth. "Les relations hôtes-parasites dans le modèle téléostéens-métacercaires de Labratrema minimus (Trematoda, Bucephalidae)." Perpignan, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PERP0117.
Full textRoye, Olivier. "Rôle de l'interleukine-7 dans l'infection par le parasite Schistosoma mansoni : nouvelles perspectives dans les relations hôte-parasite initiées dans la peau." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-453.pdf.
Full textVianou, Koffi Bertin. "Analyse du système hôte-parasite chez le patient pour un traitement adapté du neuropaludisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES008.
Full textAnalysis of host-parasite interaction in cerebral malaria patients for appropriate treatment. Cerebral malaria, a fatal neurological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, occurs mainly in children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite treatment with intravenous artesunate, mortality remains high. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria will enable us to envisage new, more suitable types of treatment. A cohort of Beninese children presenting with either uncomplicated malaria (UM) or cerebral malaria (CM) was set up. Children with CM were followed up at three days and 1 month (D3, D30) after their inclusion in the study (D0). This thesis focused on three aspects of the host response through the following questions: 1) Is endothelial activation impacted by the type of parasite infecting the host? 2) Is the monocyte response affected during cerebral malaria? and 3) Can we identify specific biomarkers of death during cerebral malaria? Using a co-culture model (Hbec-5i and infected red blood cells -iRBCs- from patients), we showed́ by RT-qPCR that cytoadherence of infected red blood cells from children with CM to endothelial cells increased the expression level of the Nrf2 gene on the endothelial cells. Comparison between clinical groups (CM and UM) of endothelial activation biomarkers measured in co-culture supernatants (with or without contact between the two cell types) showed no significant difference. These results suggest that cytoadherence of iRBCs to ECs alone is not sufficient to induce the production of activation biomarkers by ECs. Concerning the impact of cerebral malaria on monocyte response, the results showed a decrease in the proportion of non-classical monocytes and an alteration in the phagocytosis capacity of total monocytes during acute cerebral malaria (D0), followed by a return to a normal distribution at D3 and then D30. Non-classical monocytes showed a better opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis capacity compared with the phagocytosis capacity of the classical and intermediate monocytes. Transcriptional profiling of monocytes revealed that malaria severity was associated with altered expression of CD16, CR1, CR3, TLR2, involved in opsonic phagocytosis, and Tim3, involved in modulating parasite clearance. These results suggest that non-classical monocytes play a key role in the immune response set up during cerebral malaria, and that monocyte function would be controlled at the transcriptomic level. Further studies are required to identify the origin of these control mechanisms. Finally, plasma and urinary biomarkers were measured in children suffering from cerebral malaria. Univariate analysis revealed associations between the occurrence of death from CM and elevated plasma levels of TNF, IL-1, IL-10, CXCL9, Granzyme B, angiopoietin-2 and low levels of urinary PGEM. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, IL-8 appeared to be strongly associated with the occurrence of death for a plasma concentration 57.5 pg/mL at D0 followed by a rapid decreasing at D3 and D30 in surviving children. Biomarkers kinetics (D0, D3, D30) enabled us to distinguish a marker profiles of disease aggravation and resolution. This work reveals that cerebral malaria generates an activation of the antioxidant response by the vascular endothelium, as well as an alteration of the monocyte response via the diminished capacity of non-classical monocytes to eliminate iRBCs by phagocytosis. Furthermore, IL-8 as a biomarker associated with death also underlines the importance of the neutrophil response during cerebral malaria
Donèche, Bernard. "Etude biochimique de la relation hôte-parasite dans le cas du raisin et de Botrytis cinerea." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR20060.
Full textAkossi, Réginald Florian Kouassi. "Rôle des ARN non-codants dans l'interaction hôte-parasite : cas de l'interaction Homme-Microsporidies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0003.
Full textSingla, Sabine. "Contribution à l'étude de l'interaction hôte-parasite : Hordeum vulgare L. - Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoemaker." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT015A.
Full textNutten, Sophie. "Rôle des molécules d'adhérence dans les interactions hôte-parasite au cours de la schistosomiase." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-269.pdf.
Full textAu delà de l'intérêt dans la compréhension des mécanismes de l'immunité antihelminthique, ces résultats apportent la preuve de la fonctionnalité biologique des liaisons sélectine/carbohydrate au cours de la schistosomiase. Parasite intravasculaire, le schistosome est en contact permanent avec les cellules endothéliales des (micro)vaisseaux, notamment au niveau pulmonaire. Les cellules endothéliales expriment en conditions inflammatoires des molécules d'adhérence nécessaires à l'extravasation des leucocytes vers les sites infectieux et/ou inflammatoires. Le schistosome pourrait interagir avec l'endothélium et intervenir dans la régulation de la réponse immune, notamment inflammatoire. Nous montrons que le schistosomule peut réguler négativement l'expression de VCAM-1 et de la sélectine E par les cellules endothéliales stimulées par le TNF(Alpha) et inhiber l'adhésion VCAM-1/VLA-4-dépendante des leucocytes aux cellules endothéliales. Cet effet interférerait avec la voie de signalisation NF-kB. Ce stratagème pourrait permettre au parasite de contrôler le recrutement des cellules immunes dans les poumons et donc d'échapper à la réponse inflammatoire
Achbarou, Abderrahim. "Caractérisation de protéines des micronèmes et des granules denses chez Toxoplasma gondii." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10034.
Full textQuévrain, Elodie. "Etude chimique et microbiologique d'un écosystème bactérien : cas de l'éponge calcaire Leuconia johnstoni." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066232.
Full textHe, Huan. "Caractérisation d'un effecteur chez Toxoplasma gondii : découverte d'une voie alternative d'inflammation régulée par β-caténine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV056/document.
Full textToxoplasma gondii, the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is one of the most successful pathogen that infects virtually all warm-blooded animals including humans. This success of the infection is likely due to its perfect ability to modulate numbers of host signaling pathways through the effector proteins, including those involved in immune responses. This modulation allows the parasite to establish a long-term chronic infection without causing severe symptom in the hosts, which facilitates its transmission to the new hosts. In this study, we identified GRA18, as a novel dense granule derived effector protein that is secreted into the cytoplasm of the host cell by the intracellular tachyzoite. GRA18 deficiency in type II strains attenuated the parasite virulence in mice model, suggesting the importance of GRA18 in the parasite pathogenesis. In order to investigate the mechanism of action of GRA18, we first performed a high-throughput two-hybrid screen of a human library in yeast that led to the identification of β-catenin, GSK3α/β, and PP2A-B56, all which are well known regulators of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. We then validate the GRA18 interactome by biochemistry approach. The overexpression of GRA18 triggers the accumulation of β-catenin in the host cell nuclei as well as the induction of known canonical β-catenin target genes indicating that GRA18 is acting as a positive regulator of β-catenin. Besides its role in cell proliferation, polarization and differentiation, β-catenin is also a well-known co-transcription factor with important function in the control of inflammation and other immune responses. Transcriptomic analysis comparing mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages infected by wild type and GRA18-dificient parasite confirmed a possible role of GRA18 towards host gene expression and likely those encoding chemokines, which is further confirmed by ELISA experiments. An attractive hypothesis is that Toxoplasma delivers GRA18 to the host cell in order to regulate Th2-related chemoattractant chemokines, which in turn, dampens host inflammatory response leaving more chance for the parasites to disseminate and to cause the long-term persistence by forming the cyst
Besnard-Cochennec, Nathalie. "Bonamia ostreae, parasite de l'huître plate, Ostrea edulis : sa position taxonomique parmi les parasites du groupe "microcell" : analyses des interactions hôte-parasite chez plusieurs populations d'huître plates." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS073.
Full textGagnon-Hébert, François Olivier. "Étude des interactions hôte-parasite et de leur régulation : caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27691.
Full textLes parasites constituent le groupe d’organismes le plus répandu et le plus prospère sur Terre. Un grand nombre d’entre eux exploitent un cycle de vie complexe qui repose sur l’infection successive de multiples hôtes aux caractéristiques physiologiques divergentes. Malgré des centaines d’années d’étude sur leurs traits d’histoire de vie et leur impact sur les phénotypes hôtes, très peu d’information est actuellement disponible concernant les mécanismes moléculaires leur permettant d’interagir avec leurs hôtes et la manière dont cette interaction spécifique assure leur succès écologique. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de générer des ressources moléculaires de base pour permettre l’étude intégrée des interactions hôte-parasite et la manière dont ces interactions sont régulées au cours d’une infection. Pour rencontrer ces objectifs, nous avons exploité un système d’étude modèle centré sur le parasite cestode Schistocephalus solidus, un ver plat infectant successivement un copépode, un poisson et un oiseau. Nous avons généré un transcriptome de référence pour ensuite caractériser les patrons de régulation des activités biologiques du parasite au cours de l’infection. Nous avons pu démontrer des patrons de régulation très tranchés entre les stades de vie, avec un rôle potentiel des voies de communications neurales au moment de changer d’hôte. Nos données suggèrent également la présence de protéines mimétiques candidates dans le génome du parasite ayant le potentiel de perturber l’activité de communication cellulaire chez l’hôte. Cette thèse permet ultimement de solidifier les bases de l’étude mécaniste des interactions hôte-parasite et fournit des outils génomiques de référence qui serviront à consolider et étendre nos connaissances sur la structure des systèmes naturels.
Parasites are the most widespread and prosperous group of organisms on Earth. Numerous parasitic species exploit a complex life cycle that relies on the successive infection of multiple hosts with divergent physiological characteristics. Despite hundreds of years of study on their life history traits and their impact on host phenotypes, very little information is currently available on the molecular mechanisms that allow them to interact with their hosts and how this interaction ensures their ecological success. The general objective of this thesis was to generate reference molecular resources for the study of host-parasite interactions from an integrated perspective to allow the discovery of how these interactions are regulated during the infection. To meet this objective, we studied a model system based on the parasitic cestode Schistocephalus solidus, a flatworm that successively infects a copepod, a fish and a bird. We generated a reference transcriptome to characterize the regulatory patterns gene expression to assess which biological activities are used at what stage of the infection. Our results revealed massive regulatory changes between life stages, with a potential role for neural communication pathways during the process of host switching. Our data also suggests the presence of candidate mimicry proteins in the genome of the parasite, having the potential to disrupt cellular communication in the host’s central nervous system. This thesis ultimately allows a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying host-parasite interactions and provides reference genomic tools that will help consolidate and extend our knowledge on the structure of natural systems.
Correa, Yepes Ana Cristina. "Analyse de linteraction hôte-parasite sous différentes approches évolutives : le système Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda) Fasciolidae (Trematoda)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20156.
Full textParasites constitute a selective pressure to almost all living beings. This thesis addresses the host-parasite interaction in the Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda) Fasciolidae (Trematoda; liver flukes) system through different approaches, with the aim to give a comprehensive image of this interaction and its evolution. First, I established the phylogenetic relationships among Lymnaeidae species, and then mapped the evolution of different characters such as the susceptibility to the infection by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. While F. hepatica is a generalist parasite, capable to infect snails from almost all clades of the Lymnaeidae, infection by F. gigantica is restricted to one clade. Next, I studied the co-evolution between the parasite F. hepatica and two of its intermediate host species (Galba truncatula and Omphiscola glabra) at a finer scale: within a metapopulation. This study confirmed the generalist strategy of F. hepatica. In addition, it seems that parasitized and non-parasitized G. truncatula snails exhibit genetic differences, at least in five out of eight studied populations.I also characterized the genetic diversity of two species of invasive snails involved in the transmission of F. hepatica: Pseudosuccinea columella and Lymnaea sp. We discuss the possible reasons of invasion success in these snails, despite their low genetic diversity, which could facilitate their infection by F. hepatica. Their capacity to respond to parasitism is certainly reduced, all the more that these species are preferential selfers. This work has then led me to measure the waiting time before self-fertilization and inbreeding depression in these two snails. I found that these two species are characterized by low inbreeding depression and present no waiting time, which confirms the results obtained in a collaborative project at larger phylogenetic scale. This thesis strengthens the importance of evolutionary studies to understand the epidemiology of parasitic diseases
Piou, Vincent. "Relations entre le parasite Varroa destructor et son hôte l'abeille domestique : étude des facteurs impactant le déroulement du cycle de développement du parasite." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30204.
Full textVarroa destructor is the principal acarian parasite of the honey bee, involved in the phenomenon of colony loss which has been reported worldwide. Since its host shift from Apis cerana to Apis mellifera in the 1970's, chemical treatments have been set up to limit infestation. For many years however, these treatments have been the subject of critical studies both because of the resistance of the parasite to acaricides and of the sensitivity of bees to chemical accumulation in hive matrices. New alternative ways of varroatosis treatment are therefore urgently needed to limit the deleterious effects of the acarian parasitism. However, the search for these alternative therapeutic targets is limited by the lack of a laboratory system to transfer and synchronize the cycles of V. destructor and the honey bee under controlled conditions. The methodological objective of this Phd work was to overcome this issue by developing a method to couple the rearing of honey bee larvae in vitro to the transfer of both the parasite phoretic and reproductive phases (respectively on adults and on pupae) in laboratory conditions. Our system allowed further investigation regarding the impact of variable parameters in the host on several key points of the parasite cycle. The effects of several factors -such as the bee larval nutrition, the length of the phoretic phase, the type of adult bees on which Varroa stays during this phase or the age of pupal development- were studied. The potential impact in the parasite cycle focused mainly on reproductive, behavioural and virulence related parameters. The results obtained from our experiments showed that larval nutrition, tested via the supplementation of the larval food with pollen, had no impact on the reproduction of the parasite but a tendency to influence the weight of the bee, potentially increasing the bee tolerance to some of the symptoms of varroatosis, such as the weight loss. The reproduction of Varroa was not impacted by variations induced in the phoretic phase either. Neither the fertility of the parasite nor the expression of its two vitellogenin genes were impacted by the duration or the age of adults parasitized during the phoretic phase. On the other hand, the length of the stay on adult bees before reproduction positively correlates with the viral loads in the parasite, which explains why varroas experiencing a long phoretic phase induce malformation more frequently in parasitized pupae. Finally, the age of juvenile stages of the honey bees are all attractive to Varroa destructor, although some preferences have been highlighted in our study. If the attraction for 5th instar larvae and newly emerged bees have already been described, the attractions towards the white eyed pupae is a new phenomenon that could be of major importance in the understanding of the parasite cycle. Further analysis to isolate and shed light on the attraction signals involved in the process is needed. Altogether, this thesis has supplied, for the whole scientific beekeeping community, new exciting research avenues and methodologies to develop our knowledge about the bee, the parasite and the viruses it carries. It might allow us, in the future, to design alternative treatment specifically targeting the parasite without injuring the honey bee
Angeli, Véronique. "Relation hôte-parasite au cours de la schistosomiase murine : contrôle de la réponse immune par le schistosome." Lille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL2MT14.
Full textDuclermortier, Pascal. "Caractérisation d'une lectine homologue aux sélectines chez le mollusque Biomphalaria glabrata, hôte de Schistosoma mansoni." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-223.pdf.
Full textLes anticorps anti-BgSel reconnaissent spécifiquement un composant de 79 kDa sécrète par les cellules Bge ; cette molécule représenterait la forme glycosylée de BgSel. L'expression de BgSel est influencée par les produits parasitaires. Certains travaux préliminaires semble indiquer que BgSel reconnaîtrait un composant de la membrane des sporocystes. Parallèlement, nous avons mis en évidence la présence du trisaccharide Lewis x (Le x) en surface des miracidiums et sporocystes de S. Mansoni. Les sélectines et le déterminant Le x forment un système récepteur-ligand chez les mammifères, implique notamment dans l'interaction entre cellules immunes de l'hôte définitif (homme) et schistosome. Le fucoïdan, polysaccharide connu pour inhiber les fonctions d'adhérence des sélectines, inhibe l'interaction entre les cellules Bge et les sporocystes de S. Mansoni. De plus, BgSel semble reconnaître spécifiquement le fucoïdan. L'ensemble de ces résultats permet d'envisager l'existence d'un système équivalent au système sélectine-Le x de vertébrés, BgSel-Le x, dans l'interaction entre cellules de mollusques et larves de schistosome
Ferté, Hubert. "Les nématodes parasites du tube digestif du chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) : à propos d'une enquête réalisée dans le nord-est de la France." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3805.
Full textLepesant, Julie M. J. "Étude de la variabilité phénotypique, sous influence environnementale, chez Schistosoma mansoni, parasite de l'homme : implication de l'épigénome par une approche globale." Perpignan, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00941903.
Full textChassain, Chantal. "Reproduction et comportements d'infestation des hôtes chez les trichogrammes : facteurs de variation génétiques et épigénétiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10171.
Full textDubois, Jacques. "Phylogénie moléculaire et morphologique des Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) parasites d'araignées : scénarios évolutifs du mode de parasitisme." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0063.
Full textPimplinae are the subfamily whose parasitism patterns are the most diversified and biology one of the best known within the Ichneumonidae. Hypotheses on Pimplinae phylogeny being already established from morphological data, this work aimed at (1) supplying original molecular data, based on 28S and 16S rDNAs and CO1 analyses, in order to test the morphological hypotheses at a generic level; (2) detailing relationships within the Polysphincta genus group ; (3) establishing hypotheses about the evolution of parasitism patterns within this group. The study of the Polysphincta genus group, based on a morphological phylogeny, led to the redefinition of 21 genera, among which 3 were new. The subsequent inclusion of biological characters in the matrix enabled to retrace the evolutionary history of this group through the evolution of parasitism patterns and other behavioural traits of the larva and its cocoon
Le, Brun Nathalie. "Spécificité des relations hôtes-parasites : le modèle Cyprinidae-Diplozoon." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20055.
Full textAugot, Denis. "Générations rédiennes de Fasciola hepatica Linné, 1758 (Trematoda : Fasciolidae) chez Lymnaea truncatula Müller, 1774 (Gastropoda : Lymnaeidae) : Identification sur la productivité parasitaire." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0006.
Full textErnould, Jean-Christophe. "Épidémiologie des schistosomoses humaines dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal : phénomène récent de compétition entre Schistosoma haematobium Sambon, 1907 et S. mansoni (Bilharz, 1852)." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120071.
Full textFerreiro, Laerte. "Étiopathogénie des infections à Microsporum canis : étude d'une éxoprotéase kératinolytique." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120039.
Full textTabouret, Guillaume. "Oestrus ovis(linné 1761) [Diptera : oestridae] chez les ovins : application à la caractérisation des tumeurs mammaires." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30021.
Full textPersat, Florence. "Etude des glycosphingolipides des métacestodes d'Echinococcus multilocularis." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10001.
Full textNguyen, Huu Tri. "Echelles de temps et dynamique spatiotemporelle de populations." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22099.pdf.
Full textAggregation of variables methods allow reducing complexity of models in population dynamics by building simplified models governing fewer variables. We first use those methods to study spatial host-parasitoids models on patches. Those models are composed of a local interaction submodel and a dispersal submodel. Dispersal consists in k events of elementary dispersal on the nearest neighbours. We study the influence of parameter k on global dynamics and persistence of the system. We then develop a model of a virus in a marine environment to study the “plankton paradox”: plankton dynamics violate the principle of competitive exclusion. The study of our system shows that the presence of a virus enables the coexistence of two different species of bacteria
Nno, Mabiala Alix Dania. "Mécanismes et agents de la virulence chez les parasitoïdes hyménoptères Braconides du genre Asobara : le cas particulier d'A. Japonica." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0109.
Full textSuccess of parasitoids depends on their ability to infest a host and to complete their development. Endophagous parasites are able to avoid, neutralize or deflect the innate immune response of encapsulation by the hemocytes of their host. The most common mechanism is the production of either immunosuppressive factors blocking this response or of toxic factors causing the death of the hemocytic cells. In this thesis, we compared the mechanisms and agents of the virulence in Hymenoptera braconid species of the genus Asobara. The two species A. Japonica and A. Persimilis, parasitoids of Drosophila larvae, were studied. Results were compared to those previously obtained in A. Tabida and A. Citri. We here show that A. Japonica strategy of immunosuppression permits the parasitoid to successfully escape encapsulation in 100% of the D. Melanogaster parasitized hosts. The virulence strategy of this species is based on the overall destruction of the host’s hematopoietic organ, associated with the inability of the larval host to amplify any hemocyte type. Differently, A. Persimilis eggs are encapsulated in 13% of D. Melanogaster host larvae. This parasitoid species affects, too, the host hematopoietic organ, although this effect is limited compared to A. Japonica. Lamellocytes, which number does not increase post-parasitization, seem to be the only host’s hemocyte type which is affected by A. Persimilis. The analysis of the factors responsible of the parasitoids virulence permitted to demonstrate a paralyzing then deadly effect of the venoms from both A. Japonica and A. Persimilis. Surprisingly, the deadly effect is regulated by the female wasps’ ovarian fluids. Therefore, both venom and ovarian fluids of the female wasps appear to be required for the successful development of the parasitoids. The identification of the wasps’ venom components has been initiated in A. Japonica, the species presenting the most toxic and immunosuppressive effect. We ask the question of the possible convergence between the strategies and agents developed by hymenopteran parasitoids to immunodepress their hosts. It appears that within the community of Drosophila larval parasitoids, there is some heterogeneity of the mechanisms and agents of immunosuppression, and that this heterogeneity is beyond the scope of the Asobara genus
Marchal, Laurence. "Interaction cellule-hôte/parasite : analyse de la réponse de la cellule mammifère à l'invasion par le protozoaire Apicomplexe Toxoplasma gondii." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MNHN0012.
Full textVincendeau, Philippe. "Fonctions des macrophages dans les relations hôte-parasite de la souris infestée par Trypanosoma musculi : leurs modifications dans certaines situations physiologiques et expérimentales." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10579.
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