Journal articles: 'Hotelling's T^2 statistic'

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Dembo, Amir, and Qi-Man Shao. "Large and Moderate Deviations for Hotelling's $T^2$-Statistics." Electronic Communications in Probability 11 (2006): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/ecp.v11-1209.

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Sparks, Ross. "Monitoring Highly Correlated Multivariate Processes Using Hotelling's T 2 Statistic: Problems and Possible Solutions." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 31, no. 6 (June 9, 2014): 1089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.1656.

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Polymenis. "An Application of Univariate Statistics to Hotelling's T²." Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jmssp.2011.86.94.

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Freeman, Jade, and Reza Modarres. "Efficiency of t-Test and Hotelling's T 2-Test After Box-Cox Transformation." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 35, no. 6 (July 2006): 1109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610920600672203.

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Rencher, Alvin C. "The Contribution of Individual Variables to Hotelling's T 2 , Wilks' Λ, and R 2." Biometrics 49, no. 2 (June 1993): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532560.

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Liu, Weidong, and Qi-Man Shao. "A Cramér moderate deviation theorem for Hotelling’s $T^{2}$-statistic with applications to global tests." Annals of Statistics 41, no. 1 (February 2013): 296–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-aos1082.

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Ateş, Can, Özlem Kaymaz, H. Emre Kale, and Mustafa Agah Tekindal. "Comparison of Test Statistics of Nonnormal and Unbalanced Samples for Multivariate Analysis of Variance in terms of Type-I Error Rates." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2019 (July 18, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2173638.

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In this study, we investigate how Wilks’ lambda, Pillai’s trace, Hotelling’s trace, and Roy’s largest root test statistics can be affected when the normal and homogeneous variance assumptions of the MANOVA method are violated. In other words, in these cases, the robustness of the tests is examined. For this purpose, a simulation study is conducted in different scenarios. In different variable numbers and different sample sizes, considering the group variances are homogeneous σ12=σ22=⋯=σg2 and heterogeneous (increasing) σ12<σ22<⋯<σg2, random numbers are generated from Gamma(4-4-4; 0.5), Gamma(4-9-36; 0.5), Student’s t(2), and Normal(0; 1) distributions. Furthermore, the number of observations in the groups being balanced and unbalanced is also taken into account. After 10000 repetitions, type-I error values are calculated for each test for α = 0.05. In the Gamma distribution, Pillai’s trace test statistic gives more robust results in the case of homogeneous and heterogeneous variances for 2 variables, and in the case of 3 variables, Roy’s largest root test statistic gives more robust results in balanced samples and Pillai’s trace test statistic in unbalanced samples. In Student’s t distribution, Pillai’s trace test statistic gives more robust results in the case of homogeneous variance and Wilks’ lambda test statistic in the case of heterogeneous variance. In the normal distribution, in the case of homogeneous variance for 2 variables, Roy’s largest root test statistic gives relatively more robust results and Wilks’ lambda test statistic for 3 variables. Also in the case of heterogeneous variance for 2 and 3 variables, Roy’s largest root test statistic gives robust results in the normal distribution. The test statistics used with MANOVA are affected by the violation of homogeneity of covariance matrices and normality assumptions particularly from unbalanced number of observations.

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Ben Nouma, Badreddine, Amar Mitiche, Youssef Ouakrim, and Neila Mezghani. "Pattern Classification by the Hotelling Statistic and Application to Knee Osteoarthritis Kinematic Signals." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 1, no. 3 (July 5, 2019): 768–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make1030045.

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The analysis of knee kinematic data, which come in the form of a small sample of discrete curves that describe repeated measurements of the temporal variation of each of the knee three fundamental angles of rotation during a subject walking cycle, can inform knee pathology classification because, in general, different pathologies have different kinematic data patterns. However, high data dimensionality and the scarcity of reference data, which characterize this type of application, challenge classification and make it prone to error, a problem Duda and Hart refer to as the curse of dimensionality. The purpose of this study is to investigate a sample-based classifier which evaluates data proximity by the two-sample Hotelling T 2 statistic. This classifier uses the whole sample of an individual’s measurements for a better support to classification, and the Hotelling T 2 hypothesis testing made applicable by dimensionality reduction. This method was able to discriminate between femero-rotulian (FR) and femero-tibial (FT) knee osteoarthritis kinematic data with an accuracy of 88.1 % , outperforming significantly current state-of-the-art methods which addressed similar problems. Extended to the much harder three-class problem involving pathology categories FR and FT, as well as category FR-FT which represents the incidence of both diseases FR and FT in a same individual, the scheme was able to reach a performance that justifies its further use and investigation in this and other similar applications.

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Van Dun, Bram, Harvey Dillon, and Mark Seeto. "Estimating Hearing Thresholds in Hearing-Impaired Adults through Objective Detection of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 04 (April 2015): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.4.5.

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Background: Hearing threshold estimation based on cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) has been applied for some decades. However, available research is scarce evaluating the accuracy of this technique with an automated paradigm for the objective detection of CAEPs. Purpose: To determine the difference between behavioral and CAEP thresholds detected using an objective paradigm based on the Hotelling’s T 2 statistic. To propose a decision tree to choose the next stimulus level in a sample of hearing-impaired adults. This knowledge potentially could increase the efficiency of clinical hearing threshold testing. Research Design: Correlational cohort study. Thresholds obtained behaviorally were compared with thresholds obtained through cortical testing. Study Sample: Thirty-four adults with hearing loss participated in this study. Data Collection and Analysis: For each audiometric frequency and each ear, behavioral thresholds were collected with both pure-tone and 40-msec tone-burst stimuli. Then, corresponding cortical hearing thresholds were determined. An objective cortical-response detection algorithm based on the Hotelling’s T 2 statistic was applied to determine response presence. A decision tree was used to select the next stimulus level. In total, 241 behavioral-cortical threshold pairs were available for analysis. The differences between CAEP and behavioral thresholds (and their standard deviations [SDs]) were determined for each audiometric frequency. Cortical amplitudes and electroencephalogram noise levels were extracted. The practical applicability of the decision tree was evaluated and compared to a Hughson-Westlake paradigm. Results: It was shown that, when collapsed over all audiometric frequencies, behavioral pure-tone thresholds were on average 10 dB lower than 40-msec cortical tone-burst thresholds, with an SD of 10 dB. Four percent of CAEP thresholds, all obtained from just three individual participants, were more than 30 dB higher than their behavioral counterparts. The use of a decision tree instead of a Hughson-Westlake procedure to obtain a CAEP threshold did not seem to reduce test time, but there was significantly less variation in the number of CAEP trials needed to determine a threshold. Conclusions: Behavioral hearing thresholds in hearing-impaired adults can be determined with an acceptable degree of accuracy (mean threshold correction and SD of both 10 dB) using an objective statistical cortical-response detection algorithm in combination with a decision tree to determine the test levels.

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Jiamwattanapong, Knavoot, and Samruam Chongcharoen. "A Two-Sample Test for Mean Vectors in High-Dimensional Data." Applied Science and Innovative Research 1, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v1n2p118.

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Modern measurement technology has enabled the capture of high-dimensional data by researchers and statisticians and classical statistical inferences, such as the renowned Hotelling’s T2 test, are no longer valid when the dimension of the data equals or exceeds the sample size. Importantly, when correlations among variables in a dataset exist, taking them into account in the analysis method would provide more accurate conclusions. In this article, we consider the hypothesis testing problem for two mean vectors in high-dimensional data with an underlying normality assumption. A new test is proposed based on the idea of keeping more information from the sample covariances. The asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic is derived. The simulation results show that the proposed test performs well comparing with other competing tests and becomes more powerful when the dimension increases for a given sample size. The proposed test is also illustrated with an analysis of DNA microarray data.

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Worsley, Keith J., and Jin Cao. "Hotelling's $T^2$ fields." Annals of Statistics 27, no. 3 (June 1999): 925–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1018031263.

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Kim, Seul-Bi, Jong-Hwa Na, and Yong-Seok Seo. "Prediction of Rainfall-Induced Slope Failure Using Hotelling's T-Square Statistic." Journal of Engineering Geology 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9720/kseg.2015.3.331.

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Ben Nouma, Badreddine, Amar Mitiche, and Neila Mezghani. "A Sample-Encoding Generalization of the Kohonen Associative Memory and Application to Knee Kinematic Data Representation and Pathology Classification." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091741.

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Knee kinematic data consist of a small sample of high-dimensional vectors recording repeated measurements of the temporal variation of each of the three fundamental angles of knee three-dimensional rotation during a walking cycle. In applications such as knee pathology classification, the notorious problems of high-dimensionality (the curse of dimensionality), high intra-class variability, and inter-class similarity make this data generally difficult to interpret. In the face of these difficulties, the purpose of this study is to investigate knee kinematic data classification by a Kohonen neural network generalized to encode samples of multidimensional data vectors rather than single such vectors as in the standard network. The network training algorithm and its ensuing classification function both use the Hotelling T 2 statistic to evaluate the underlying sample similarity, thus affording efficient use of training data for network development and robust classification of observed data. Applied to knee osteoarthritis pathology discrimination, namely the femoro-rotulian (FR) and femoro-tibial (FT) categories, the scheme improves on the state-of-the-art methods.

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Li, Haoran, Alexander Aue, Debashis Paul, Jie Peng, and Pei Wang. "An adaptable generalization of Hotelling’s $T^{2}$ test in high dimension." Annals of Statistics 48, no. 3 (June 2020): 1815–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/19-aos1869.

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Wang, Jinxin, Chi Zhang, Xiuzhen Ma, Zhongwei Wang, Yuandong Xu, and Robert Cattley. "A Multivariate Statistics-Based Approach for Detecting Diesel Engine Faults with Weak Signatures." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040873.

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The problem of timely detecting the engine faults that make engine operating parameters exceed their control limits has been well-solved. However, in practice, a fault of a diesel engine can be present with weak signatures, with the parameters fluctuating within their control limits when the fault occurs. The weak signatures of engine faults bring considerable difficulties to the effective condition monitoring of diesel engines. In this paper, a multivariate statistics-based fault detection approach is proposed to monitor engine faults with weak signatures by taking the correlation of various parameters into consideration. This approach firstly uses principal component analysis (PCA) to project the engine observations into a principal component subspace (PCS) and a residual subspace (RS). Two statistics, i.e., Hotelling’s T 2 and Q statistics, are then introduced to detect deviations in the PCS and the RS, respectively. The Hotelling’s T 2 and Q statistics are constructed by taking the correlation of various parameters into consideration, so that faults with weak signatures can be effectively detected via these two statistics. In order to reasonably determine the control limits of the statistics, adaptive kernel density estimation (KDE) is utilized to estimate the probability density functions (PDFs) of Hotelling’s T 2 and Q statistics. The control limits are accordingly derived from the PDFs by giving a desired confidence level. The proposed approach is demonstrated by using a marine diesel engine. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively detect engine faults with weak signatures.

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Amelia, Lolita, Izzati Rahmi HG, and Yudiantri Asdi. "PENERAPAN BAGAN KENDALI T 2 HOTELLING DAN METODE DEKOMPOSISI MASON, YOUNG DAN TRACY (MYT) PADA KINERJA PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI TERPADU KECAMATAN (PATEN)." Jurnal Matematika UNAND 7, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jmu.7.4.7-14.2018.

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Pelayanan Administrasi Terpadu Kecamatan (PATEN) merupakan salah satu bentuk penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik pada tingkat kecamatan. Untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas kinerja PATEN, dapat digunakan salah satu alat dari pengendalian proses statistik (SPC), yaitu bagan kendali T 2 Hotelling. Bagan kendali T 2 Hotelling digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah kinerja PATEN berada dalam keadaaan terkendali atau tidak yang didasarkan pada lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan, yaitu dimensi tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, dan empathy. Jika kondisi bagan kendali T 2 Hotelling tidak terkendali, maka proses dilanjutkan dengan metode dekomposisi Mason, Young, dan Tracy (MYT) untuk menentukan variabel penyebab proses tidak terkendali. Data yang digunakan yaitu data rata-rata kinerja PATEN di Kecamatan Kuranji Kota Padang pada tahun 2016. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, analisis kinerja PATEN di Kecamatan Kuranji menunjukkan bahwa proses berada dalam keadaan tidak terkendali, dimana dimensi reliability merupakan variabel penyebab proses tidak terkendali.Kata Kunci: pelayanan publik, dimensi kualitas pelayanan, bagan kendali T 2 Hotelling, dekomposisi MYT

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Jensen, D. R., and D. E. Ramirez. "Use of Hotelling's T^2: Outlier Diagnostics in Mixtures." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 6, no. 6 (September 15, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v6n6p24.

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Given Gaussian observation vectors $[\seqcl{\BY}{n}]$ having a common mean and dispersion matrix, a pervading issue is to identify shifted observations of type $\{\BYi\!\to\!\BYi\!+\!\bdeli\}.$ Conventional usage enjoins Hotelling's $\Tisq$ diagnostics, derived and applied under the mutual independence of $[\seqcl{\BY}{n}]$. Independence often fails, yet the need to identify outliers nonetheless persists. Accordingly, the present study reexamines $\Tisq$ under dependencies to include equicorrelations and more general matrices. Such dependencies are found in the analysis of calibrated vector measurements and elsewhere. In addition, mixtures of these distributions having star--shaped contours arise on occasion in practice. Nonetheless, the $\Tisq$ diagnostics are shown to remain exact in level and power for all such mixtures. Moreover, further matrix distributions, not necessarily having finite moments, are seen to generalize $n$--dimensional spherical symmetry to include non--Gaussian matrices of order $(n\!\times\!k)$ supporting $\Tisq.$ For these the use of $\Tisq$ remains exact in level. These findings serve to expand considerably the range of applicability of $\Tisq$ in practice, to include matrix Cauchy and other heavy tailed distributions intrinsic to econometric and other studies. Case studies serve to illuminate the methodology.

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Wang, Yi, Ming Qing Xiao, Sheng Sheng, and Liang Liang Zhao. "Application in Avionics Anomaly Detection Using Multi-Variant Hotelling T² Statistics." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.473.

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This article proposes a framework of in-situ monitoring for anomaly detection of avionics, Uses the multi-variant Hotelling T2 statistics to form a quickly reference to the anomaly behavior. The proposed method can be used to solve the data driven Prognostics and Health Management problem to detect the anomaly behavior of equipment as well as the potential isolation and diagnosis of the symptoms of incoming faults. The article also gives a structure of an on-line test and monitoring system prototype, based on the legacy on-line test system, as well as developed a basic information gathering route and a multi-variant test based anomaly detection method. A fault injection based simulation experiment was formed to validate the performance of the system and method under consideration. The results shows that the proposed method has a solid mathematics fundamental and the advantages as well as good performance, worth to be spread.

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Mudholkar, Govind S., and Deo Kumar Srivastava. "A class of robust stepwise alternatives to Hotelling's T 2 tests." Journal of Applied Statistics 27, no. 5 (July 2000): 599–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760050076434.

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Marden, John I., and Michael D. Perlman. "On the Inadmissibility of Step-Down Procedures for the Hotelling $T^2$ Problem." Annals of Statistics 18, no. 1 (March 1990): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176347497.

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Pinelis, Iosif. "Extremal Probabilistic Problems and Hotelling's $T^2$ Test Under a Symmetry Condition." Annals of Statistics 22, no. 1 (March 1994): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176325373.

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Khatun, Mahfuza, Michael B. C. Khoo, W. C. Yeong, W. L. Teoh, and Z. L. Chong. "Adaptive multivariate double sampling and variable sampling interval Hotelling's T 2 charts." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 34, no. 5 (April 2, 2018): 894–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.2299.

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Li, Xiaochuan, David Mba, Demba Diallo, and Claude Delpha. "Canonical Variate Residuals-Based Fault Diagnosis for Slowly Evolving Faults." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040726.

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This study puts forward a novel diagnostic approach based on canonical variate residuals (CVR) to implement incipient fault diagnosis for dynamic process monitoring. The conventional canonical variate analysis (CVA) fault detection approach is extended to form a new monitoring index based on Hotelling’s T 2 , Q and a CVR-based monitoring index, T d . A CVR-based contribution plot approach is also proposed based on Q and T d statistics. Two performance metrics: (1) false alarm rate and (2) missed detection rate are used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The CVR diagnostic approach was validated on incipient faults in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system and an operational centrifugal compressor.

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Carter, Lyndal, Maryanne Golding, Harvey Dillon, and John Seymour. "The Detection of Infant Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials (CAEPs) Using Statistical and Visual Detection Techniques." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 21, no. 05 (May 2010): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.21.5.6.

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Background: With the advent of newborn hearing screening programs, the need to verify the fit of hearing aids in young infants has increased. The recording of cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) for this purpose is quite feasible, but rapid developmental changes that affect response morphology and the presence of electrophysiological noise can make subjective response detection challenging. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an automated statistic versus experienced examiners in detecting the presence of infant CAEPs when stimuli were present and reporting the absence of CAEPs when no stimuli were present. Research Design: A repeated-measures design was used where infant-generated CAEPs were interpreted by examiners and an automated statistic. Study Sample: There were nine male and five female infants (mean age, 12 mo; SD, 3.4) who completed behavioral and electrophysiological testing using speech-based stimuli. Data Collection and Analysis: In total, 87 infant CAEPs were recorded to three sensation levels, 10, 20 and 30 dB relative to the behavioral thresholds and to nonstimulus trials. Three examiners were presented with these responses: (1) “in series,” where waveforms were presented in order of decreasing stimulus presentation levels, and (2) “nonseries,” where waveforms were randomized completely and presented as independent waveforms. The examiners were given no information about the stimulus levels and were asked to determine whether responses to auditory stimulation could be observed and their degree of certainty in making their decision. Data from the CAEP responses were also converted to multiple dependent variables and analyzed using Hotelling's T2. Results from both methods of response detection were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance) and parameters of signal detection theory known as d-prime (d′) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Results showed that as the stimulus level increased, the sensitivity index, d′, increased for both methods of response detection, but neither reached the maximum possible d′ value with a sensation level of 30 dB. The examiners with the greatest experience and Hotelling's T2 were equally sensitive in differentiating the CAEP from noise. Conclusions: Hotelling's T2 appears to detect CAEPs from normal hearing infants at a rate equal to that of an experienced examiner. A clinical instrument that applies Hotelling's T2 on-line, so that the likelihood of response detection can be assessed objectively, should be of particular benefit to the novice or less experienced examiner.

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Mahadik, Shashibhushan B. "Hotelling's T² charts with variable sampling interval and warning limit." International Journal of Quality Engineering and Technology 3, no. 4 (2013): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijqet.2013.055874.

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Shokrizadeh, Reza, Mohammad Dolatabadi, and Yaqub Yaqubinejad. "Hotelling's T² control chart with adaptive sampling interval and variable dimensional." International Journal of Quality Engineering and Technology 7, no. 1 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijqet.2018.094676.

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Yaqubinejad, Yaqub, Reza Shokrizadeh, and Mohammad Dolatabadi. "Hotelling's T² control chart with adaptive sampling interval and variable dimensional." International Journal of Quality Engineering and Technology 7, no. 1 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijqet.2018.10015967.

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Shepherd, Deborah K., L. Allison Jones-Farmer, Steven E. Rigdon, and Kevin M. Bodden. "To shrink or not to shrink: Hotelling's T 2 chart based on shrunken covariance estimates." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 34, no. 6 (July 20, 2018): 1211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.2319.

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Kawasaki, Tamae, Toshiki Naito, and Takashi Seo. "T^2 Type Test Statistic and Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Two Sub-mean Vectors." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 9, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v9n1p1.

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In this paper, we consider tests for sub-mean vectors and its simultaneous confidence intervals in two-sample problems. We give the T^2 type test statistic and the simultaneous confidence intervals by using two approximate upper percentiles of T^2 type test statistic. One of the approximate percentiles is obtained by normal approximation for a part of the T^2 type statistic, and the other is an approximation obtained by correcting the degrees of freedom of the F distribution. Finally, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the approximate upper percentiles of T^2 type statistic by Monte Carlo simulation, and we give an example to illustrate the simultaneous confidence intervals.

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Yuneidi, Belinda. "PEMBUATAN BAGAN KENDALI MULTIVARIAT T 2 -HOTELLING UNTUK PROSES PERKULIAHAN Studi Kasus : IPK dan Lama Studi Lulusan Matematika Universitas Andalas." Jurnal Matematika UNAND 1, no. 2 (December 12, 2012): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jmu.1.2.85-92.2012.

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Salah satu tolak ukur kualitas suatu perguruan tinggi ditentukan oleh lulusannya.Sedangkan salah satu ukuran penentu kualitas lulusan dari sebuah universitasadalah IPK (Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif) dan lama studi para lulusan tersebut. Untukmendapatkan IPK dan lama studi yang diharapkan harus ditunjang oleh proses perkuliahanyang berkualitas. Dari sudut pandang Statistical Proses Control (SPC) , sebuahproses yang berkualitas adalah proses yang menjaga agar mean proses tersebut tidakjauh berbeda dengan target dan berpola acak murni atau random. Bagan kendali yangdigunakan adalah bagan kendali multivariat T2-Hotelling. Data yang digunakan adalahdata IPK dan lama studi mahasiswa lulusan matematika angkatan 1997-2007. Dari hasildidapatkan bahwa proses perkuliahan pada jurusan matematika belum terkendali karenabagan kendalinya menyerupai pola grouping.

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Chong, Nger Ling, Michael B. C. Khoo, Abdul Haq, and Philippe Castagliola. "Hotelling's T 2 control charts with fixed and variable sample sizes for monitoring short production runs." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 35, no. 1 (September 12, 2018): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.2377.

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Butler, Ronald W., Pooria Pakrooh, and Louis L. Scharf. "A MIMO Version of the Reed-Yu Detector and Its Connection to the Wilks Lambda and Hotelling $T^2$ Statistics." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 68 (2020): 2925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2020.2988996.

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Wulandari, Wuri, Hazmira Yozza, and Maiyastri . "PENERAPAN BAGAN KENDALI T 2 HOTELLING DAN ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PROSES DALAM PRODUKSI SEMEN PPC (PORTLAND POZZOLLAND CEMENT) DI PT. SEMEN PADANG." Jurnal Matematika UNAND 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jmu.4.1.76-84.2015.

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Setiap perusahaan selalu bersaing dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk,karena kualitas merupakan hal terpenting bagi konsumen dalam memilih barang yangakan dibelinya. Untuk melihat apakah suatu produk sudah terkendali atau tidak. Dapatdigunakan suatu alat statistik yaitu dengan Bagan Kendali. Untuk data peubahganda digunakan Bagan Kendali T2Hotelling. Dan untuk mengetahui suatu produk sudahmemenuhi spesikasi yang telah ditetapkan dapat digunakan Analisis KemampuanProses (AKP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan bagan kendali THotellingdan analisis kemampuan proses dalam produksi semen PPC (Portland Pozzolland Cement)di PT. Semen Padang. Data yang digunakan adalah data kualitas semen tipePPC, meliputi SO, hilang pijar, blaine, sieve on 45, bagian tak larut. Jika penyebabpenyebabkhusus dikeluarkan maka didapat karakteristik kualitas semen PPC sudahterkendali secara statistik. Didapatkan juga bahwa data kualitas berada dalam batasspesikasi yang telah ditetapkan.

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Bobowicz, Maria A., and Adolf F. Korczyk. "Interpopulational variability of Pinus sylvestris L. in eight Polish localities expressed in morphological and anatomical traits of needles." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 63, no. 1 (2014): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1994.011.

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Two-year old needles were collected from 272 standing trees of Pinus sylvestris L., representing 8 Polish populations. The needles were studied in respect to IS morphological and anatomical traits. The obtained data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis in an attempt to delineate interpopulational variability. Multivariate analysis of variance with testing of statistical hypotheses and discriminant analysis were conducted. Mahalanobis distances were calculated between each of population in pairs and their significance was estimated using Hotelling T2 statistics. On the basis of the shortest Mahalanobis distances a minimum spanning tree was constructed and on the basis of Euklidean distances hierarchy grouping was performed. A large majority of the populations was found to differ significantly from the remaining populations. The population from Bolewice proved to be most divergent. The principal variables which proved capable of discriminating between populations were found to include: needle length, the number of stomata on the flat side of the needle and the number of resin canals. Using Bryant's test, the studied populations were found to belong to two geographic groups: the North-Polish one or the South-Polish one.

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Tieland, Geliga, and Shinta Wahyu Hati. "ANALISIS POSITIONING PRODUK MJB (MILO JELLY BUBBLE) BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI PELANGGAN (Studi Kasus: Outlet Komplek Tiban Cipta Puri Batam)." JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaba.v1i2.624.

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The results of this study indicate that: (1) there is a positive and insignificant relationship with product attribute (X1), proved T-statistic (0.197) smaller than T-table (1.64). (2) there is a positive and significant relationship with product benefit (X2), proved T-statistic (1,768) bigger than T-table (1.64). (3) there is positive and insignificant relationship with product user (X3), proved T-statistic (0,628) smaller than T-table (1.64). (4) there is a positive and significant relationship with competitor (X4), proved T-statistic (1,699) bigger than T-table (1.64). (5) there is a positive and insignificant relationship with product category (X5), proved T-statistic (2.855) smaller than T-table (1.64). (6) there is a positive and insignificant relationship with the price attribute (X6), proved T-statistic (1.996) smaller than T-table (1.64)

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Urbaniak, Lech. "Biometric characters of seeds and wings as markers of geographical differentiation between European scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenances." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 66, no. 3-4 (2014): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1997.046.

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Biometric characters of seeds and wings served to describe interprovenance differentiation of Scots pine in Europe. Grouping analysis was applied, Mahalanobis distances were calculated as well as Hotellings T2 statistics were applied. The similarity of East European and Finnish provenances was conspicuous. The provenance from Scotland proved to be similar to provenances originating from the region of Scandinavia. On the other hand, two southern provenances 54(Rychtal, Poland) and 55(Luboml, Ukraine), were also found similar to provenances originating from the region of Scandinavia (western Norway). The obtained pattern of reciprocal relations may indicate pathways of Scots pine migration in the postglacial period or may be a result of adaptation to certain similar environmental conditions. No relations were detected between size of seeds and geographic origin of provenances.

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Naderi, M. H., Asghar Seif, and M. Bameni Moghadam. "Integration of Multivariate Loss Function Approach in the Hotelling’s Charts under Banerjee-Rahim (1988) Weibull Shock Models." Austrian Journal of Statistics 50, no. 3 (July 5, 2021): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v50i3.857.

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A proper monitoring of stochastic systems is the control charts of statistical process control and drift in characteristics of output may be due to one or several assignable causes. Although many research works have been done on the economic design of control charts with single assignable cause, the economic statistical design of T^2 control chart under Weibull shock model with multiple assignable causes and considering multivariate Taguchi loss function has not been presented yet. Using Taguchi loss function in the concept of quality control charts with economic and economic statistical design leads to better decisions in the industry. Based on the optimization of the average cost per unit of time and taking into account the different combination values of Weibull distribution parameters, optimal design values ??of sample size, sampling interval and control limit coefficient were derived and calculated. Then the cost models under non-uniform and uniform sampling scheme were compared. The results revealed that the model under multiple assignable causes with Taguchi loss function has a lower cost than single assignable cause model and integrated model with non-uniform sampling has a lower cost than that with uniform sampling.

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Gamm, Brian M., and Patrick Gerard. "Testing the differences between two color measurement probability distributions using Hotelling's T 2 test and the permutation test." Color Research & Application 45, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.22468.

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Ismartaya and Meydia. "PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN ISLAMI, KOMPENSASI FINANSIAL DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN UNIVERSITAS DJUANDA BOGOR PROVINSI JAWA BARAT." Jurnal Tabarru': Islamic Banking and Finance 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jtb.2020.vol3(2).5717.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kepemimpinan Islami, kompensasi finansial dan motivasi terhadap kinerja dosen di Universitas Djuanda Bogor. Responden adalah dosen Universitas Djuanda sebanyak 111 orang yang dipilih secara acak. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen dalam bentuk kuesioner. Instrumen dikalibrasi menggunakan validitas item dan koefisien keandalan. Data dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan paket PLS Smart. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1). Kepemimpinan Islami (X1) secara signifikan mempengaruhi motivasi kerja (X3). Hal ini didukung dengan nilai t-statistic diatas 1,96 yaitu sebesar 3,653. (2). Kompensasi finansial (X2) tidak berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja (X3), hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai t-statistik sebesar 0,283. (3). Karena nilai t-statistic sebesar 0,793 dibawah t- tabel (1,96), hal ini berarti bahwa kompensasi finansial (X2) tidak mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan (Y). (4). Kepemimpinan Islami (X1) secara signifikan mempengaruhi kinerja dosen (Y) dengan nilai t- statistic diatas t-tabel (1,96) yaitu sebesar 2,624. (5). Motivasi Kerja (X3) secara signifikan mempengaruhi Kinerja dosen (Y) dengan nilai t- statistic 4,294. Motivasi kerja (X3) secara langsung memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan pada kinerja dosen (Y). Temuan ini memiliki implikasi bahwa kompensasi finansial tidak mempengaruhi motivasi kerja dan kinerja dosen. Kepemimpinan Islami secara signifikan mempengaruhi motivasi kerja dan kinerja dosen.

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Sabahno, Hamed, Amirhossein Amiri, and Philippe Castagliola. "Evaluating the effect of measurement errors on the performance of the variable sampling intervals Hotelling's T 2 control charts." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 34, no. 8 (September 5, 2018): 1785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.2370.

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FREITAS, ALFREDO RIBEIRO DE. "Método para estimar o tamanho amostral em análises de medidas repetidas." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 35, no. 4 (April 2000): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2000000400004.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar um método para estimar o número de indivíduos (n) a ser utilizado em experimentos que envolvam análises multivariadas de medidas repetidas no tempo, avaliadas sobre a mesma unidade experimental. O método foi testado com dados de produção de leite com 10 controles mensais (t = 1, 2, ... , 10) ou condições de avaliação de vacas da raça Holandesa. As estimativas de n foram obtidas por meio de um programa desenvolvido no Statistical Analysis System (SAS), considerando distribuição normal t variada, vetor de média zero e matriz de covariância sigma, estatística T² de Hotelling e distribuição F com parâmetro de não-centralidade delta²delta. A ligação dos dados observados com o método é feita por meio da matriz de variância-covariância. Para t > 2 condições de avaliação, o método estima o valor de n que permite detectar diferença mínima significativa (delta) entre médias de condições de avaliação, considerando diferentes níveis de erros do tipo I (alfa), poder do teste F (1-beta) e delta. Para as 10 condições de avaliação consideradas, as estimativas de n variaram de 11 a 89, sendo mais influenciadas por variações na delta, seguidas de alfa e beta.

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Purnamasari, Wulan, Adheke Lista Mardiningrum, and Abdul Halik. "Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Situasional, Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Motivasi Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan Pada Yatim Mandiri." INOBIS: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis dan Manajemen Indonesia 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31842/jurnal-inobis.v2i2.83.

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Kinerja karyawan harus diperhatikan karena dapat mempengaruhi kemajuan organisasi dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Kedisiplinan dan motivasi dalam bekerja akan mempengaruhi kinerja yang dihasilkan. Data diolah dengan analisis jalur menggunakan software SmartPLS dan termasuk penelitian kuantitatif. Seluruh karyawan LAZNAS Yatim Mandiri Surabaya menjadi populasi penelitian ini dengan sampel sejumlah 70 responden. Teknik sampel jenuh adalah teknik sampling penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebar kuesioner dan observasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk (1) membuktikan pengaruh antara kepemimpinan situasional dan motivasi kerja, (2) membuktikan pengaruh antara kepemimpinan situasional dan kinerja, (3) membuktikan pengaruh antara disiplin kerja terhadap motivasi, (4) membuktikan pengaruh antara disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja, (5) membuktikan pengaruh antara motivasi kerja dan kinerja. Uji analisis menunjukkan hasil adanya pengaruh positif Kepemimpinan Situasional dan Motivasi Kerja dengan T statistic senilai 3.114 (signifikan); Adanya pengaruh positif Kepemimpinan Situasional dan Kinerja dengan T statistic senilai 0.831 yang berarti tidak signifikan dan H0 diterima H1 ditolak; Adanya pengaruh positif Disiplin Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja dengan T statistic senilai 2.341 (signifikan); Adanya pengaruh positif Disiplin Kerja dan Kinerja dengan T statistic senilai 3.557 (signifikan); Adanya pengaruh positif Motivasi Kerja dan Kinerja dengan T statistic senilai 1.231 yang berarti tidak signifikan dan H0 diterima H1 ditolak. Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan Situasional, Disiplin Kerja, Motivasi Kerja, Kinerja Karyawan

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Ulyanov, V. V., and Y. Fujikoshi. "On Accuracy of Improved χ 2-Approximations." gmj 8, no. 2 (June 2001): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gmj.2001.401.

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Abstract For a statistic S whose distribution can be approximated by χ 2-distributions, there is a considerable interest in constructing improved χ 2-approximations. A typical approach is to consider a transformation T = T(S) based on the Bartlett correction or a Bartlett type correction. In this paper we consider two cases in which S is expressed as a scale mixture of a χ 2-variate or the distribution of S allows an asymptotic expansion in terms of χ 2-distributions. For these statistics, we give sufficient conditions for T to have an improved χ 2-approximation. Furthermore, we present a method for obtaining its error bound.

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White, D. A., B. E. Goodlin, A. E. Gower, D. S. Boning, H. Chen, H. H. Sawin, and T. J. Dalton. "Low open-area endpoint detection using a PCA-based T/sup 2/ statistic and Q statistic on optical emission spectroscopy measurements." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 13, no. 2 (May 2000): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/66.843635.

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Jin, Jiayun, and Geert Loosveldt. "Identifying Outliers in Response Quality Assessment by Using Multivariate Control Charts Based on Kernel Density Estimation." Journal of Official Statistics 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2021-0005.

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Abstract When monitoring industrial processes, a Statistical Process Control tool, such as a multivariate Hotelling T 2 chart is frequently used to evaluate multiple quality characteristics. However, research into the use of T 2 charts for survey fieldwork–essentially a production process in which data sets collected by means of interviews are produced–has been scant to date. In this study, using data from the eighth round of the European Social Survey in Belgium, we present a procedure for simultaneously monitoring six response quality indicators and identifying outliers: interviews with anomalous results. The procedure integrates Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) with a T 2 chart, so that historical “in-control” data or reference to the assumption of a parametric distribution of the indicators is not required. In total, 75 outliers (4.25%) are iteratively removed, resulting in an in-control data set containing 1,691 interviews. The outliers are mainly characterized by having longer sequences of identical answers, a greater number of extreme answers, and against expectation, a lower item nonresponse rate. The procedure is validated by means of ten-fold cross-validation and comparison with the minimum covariance determinant algorithm as the criterion. By providing a method of obtaining in-control data, the present findings go some way toward a way to monitor response quality, identify problems, and provide rapid feedbacks during survey fieldwork.

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Ajibola Akeem, Adepoju. "Hotelling’s T2 Decomposition: Approach for Five Process Characteristics in a Multivariate Statistical Process Control." American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics 4, no. 6 (2015): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20150406.13.

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Agung, Halim, Michael Christian, and Julia Loisa. "Perilaku Pengguna Shopee Terhadap Pembelian Multiproduk dengan Pendekatan Theory of Reasoned Action." Go-Integratif : Jurnal Teknik Sistem dan Industri 1, no. 01 (December 1, 2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35261/gijtsi.v1i01.4005.

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Masa pandemi Covid-19 memberikan fenomena yang menarik dalam menentukan tren perilaku masyarakat dalam melakukan pembelian khususnya pada e-commerce. Pembelian daring yang hanya berpusat pada satu tempat satu jenis produk telah banyak berganti ke arah produk yang beragam. Teknologi yang memudahkan ditambah dengan momentum yang tepat untuk melakukan pembelian menjadikan awareness terhadap suatu e-commerce menjadi tempat favorit berbelanja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenjelaskan pengaruh intensi pembelian pengguna Shopee di Jakarta dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif SEM-PLS dengan pemodelan struktural dengan program SMART PLS 3.0 untuk analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 (tiga) hipotesis tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap intensi pembelian di Shopee yaitu H1 (T-statistic 0,768; P-value0,148); H2 (T-statistic 0,081; P-value 0,007); dan H5 (P-statistic 1,447; p-value 0,443). Sementara itu 2 (dua) hipotesis (H3, H4) menjelaskan adanya pengaruh antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat yaitu H3 (T-statistic 5,655; p-value 0,936); dan H4 (T-statistic 2,719; P-value 0,000). Hasil penelitian ini menerangkan bahwa sikap, intensi pembelian, dan norma subyektif tidak dipengaruhi oleh bentuk social marketing campaign. Selanjutnya penelitian ini menjelaskan juga intensi pembelian dipengaruhi oleh sikap pembeli. Namun sebaliknya, intensi tidak dipengaruhi oleh norma subjektif. Kata kunci: Pembelian; Daring; Sikap; Norma; Intensi

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Ikpotokin, Osayomore, Israel Uzuazor Siloko, and Michael Ehiemua. "A note Computation of Multivariate Control Limits: The Bootstrap Approach." African Journal of Applied Statistics 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 1027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/ajas/2020.1027.255.

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This work focuses on how to set control limits that will best identify signals in multivariate control charts. In any production process, every product is aimed to attain a certain standard, but the presence of assignable cause of variability affects our process thereby leading to low quality of product. However, the problem involved in the use of multivariate control chart is the violation of multivariate normal assumption. The first method develops bootstrap procedures to determine Hotelling's $T^{2}$ control limits for detecting large shift. The second method develops bootstrap procedures for obtaining Multivariate Exponentially-Weighted Moving Average (BMEWMA) control limits for identifying small shift. Results from a performance study shows that the proposed methods enable the setting of control limits that can enhance the detection of out of control signals

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Bowen Zhou and J. H. L. Hansen. "Efficient audio stream segmentation via the combined T/sup 2/ statistic and Bayesian information criterion." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 13, no. 4 (July 2005): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsa.2005.845790.

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Adi Indrayanto, Devi Marlita, Adriana Madya Marampa, Sri Murni Setyawati,. "The Effect of Transformation Leadership on Organizational Performance through the Strong Lecturer Engagement." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 4595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2848.

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Transformational leadership is one of the leadership types that can be applied in an organization, especially for organizations in the field of education. This study was conducted on several lecturers spread across several campuses in Indonesia. The research method uses SEM- {PLS). The results showed as follows. (1) Engagement influences performance with a T-statistic value of 4.000 (> 1.96). Furthermore, the original sample estimate value is positive that is 0.582. Therefore, H1 is accepted. (2) There is a significant relationship between transformational leadership and engagement with a T-statistic value of 16.737 (> 1.96). Furthermore, the original sample estimate value is positive that is 0.820. Therefore, H2 is accepted. (3) There is no significant relationship between the transformational leadership and performance with a T- statistic value of 0.145 (< 1.96). Furthermore, the original sample estimate value is positive that 0.202 which indicates that the relationship between transformational leadership and performance is negative. Therefore, H3 is rejected.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hotelling's T^2 statistic'

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