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Journal articles on the topic 'Hotplate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Zelasko, Nicholas, Adam Wettlaufer, Bujidmaa Borkhuu, Matthew Burkhart, Leah S. Campbell, W. James Steenburgh, and Jefferson R. Snider. "Hotplate precipitation gauge calibrations and field measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-441-2018.

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Abstract. First introduced in 2003, approximately 70 Yankee Environmental Systems (YES) hotplate precipitation gauges have been purchased by researchers and operational meteorologists. A version of the YES hotplate is described in Rasmussen et al. (2011; R11). Presented here is testing of a newer version of the hotplate; this device is equipped with longwave and shortwave radiation sensors. Hotplate surface temperature, coefficients describing natural and forced convective sensible energy transfer, and radiative properties (longwave emissivity and shortwave reflectance) are reported for two of the new-version YES hotplates. These parameters are applied in a new algorithm and are used to derive liquid-equivalent accumulations (snowfall and rainfall), and these accumulations are compared to values derived by the internal algorithm used in the YES hotplates (hotplate-derived accumulations). In contrast with R11, the new algorithm accounts for radiative terms in a hotplate's energy budget, applies an energy conversion factor which does not differ from a theoretical energy conversion factor, and applies a surface area that is correct for the YES hotplate. Radiative effects are shown to be relatively unimportant for the precipitation events analyzed. In addition, this work documents a 10 % difference between the hotplate-derived and new-algorithm-derived accumulations. This difference seems consistent with R11's application of a hotplate surface area that deviates from the actual surface area of the YES hotplate and with R11's recommendation for an energy conversion factor that differs from that calculated using thermodynamic theory.

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2

Samaeifar, Fatemeh, Hassan Hajghassem, Ahmad Afifi, and Hassan Abdollahi. "Implementation of high-performance MEMS platinum micro-hotplate." Sensor Review 35, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-05-2014-654.

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Purpose – One of the key components of the micro-sensors is MEMS micro-hotplate. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a platinum micro-hotplate with the proper geometry using the analytical model based on the heat transfer analysis to improve both heating efficiency and time constant. Design/methodology/approach – This analytical model exhibits that suitable design for the micro-hotplate can be obtained by the appropriate selection of square heater (LH) and tether width (WTe). Based on this model and requirements of routine sample loading, the size of LH and WTe are chosen 200 and 15 μm, respectively. In addition, a simple micro-fabrication process is adopted to form the suspended micro-heater using bulk micromachining technology. Findings – The experimental results show that the heating efficiency and heating and cooling time constants are 21.27 K/mW and 2.5 ms and 2.1 ms, respectively, for the temperature variation from 300 to 400 K in the fabricated micro-hotplates which are in closed agreement with the results obtained from the analytical model with errors within 5 per cent. Originality/value – Our design based on the analytical model achieves a combination of fast time constant and high heating efficiency that are comparable or superior to the previously published platinum micro-hotplate.

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3

Vincent, M., D. Briand, G. Schürmann, and N. F. de Rooij. "Direct integration of carbon nanotubes on micromachined hotplates." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 221, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/17403499jnn104.

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This communication reports on the localized growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of classical micro-hotplates with integrated heater and transducing electrodes. A catalytic thermal CVD process has been developed and adapted to grow CNTs by only using the heat provided by the integrated heater. Spatial control of the CNTs' growth was achieved thanks to this method; CNTs are localized only on the heating area of the micro-hotplate, and electrical contact with the integrated electrodes can be obtained. The influence of the catalyst, gas flow, and temperature cycles on the growth of CNT was investigated in order to optimize growth and avoid micro-hotplate degradation. Different strategies were investigated to get the electrical connection between the CNTs and the platinum electrodes. The electrically connected grown CNTs could be used directly as gas-sensitive resistors with superior performance in terms of sensitivity than metal—oxide gas sensors integrated on such platforms.

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4

Chen, Li, and Mehran Mehregany. "An Examination of Material-Related Performance in SiC Heated Elements for IR Emitter and Sensor Applications." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.863.

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Micro-hotplate platforms, including the heating and sensing resistors, are fabricated by surface micromachining techniques from nitrogen-doped, polycrystalline SiC films deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. The resulting heated elements are operated without the need for metal electrodes. For comparison, platinum is also used as the heating/sensing resistor on top of otherwise similar SiC micro-hotplates. After characterizing the fundamental thermal transient response of the resulting micro-hotplates, accelerated aging tests are carried out by increasing the input power until the heating resistors fail. Material-related kinetic degradation analysis is conducted to estimate the life time of such elements as infrared emitters.

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5

Kharbanda, D. K., N. Suri, and P. K. Khanna. "Electro-thermal simulation and fabrication of LTCC hotplate with lead-free interconnects." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 32, no. 1 (June 22, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-02-2019-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a new possibility of providing high-temperature stable lead-free interconnections for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) hotplate. For gas-sensing application, a temperature range of 200°C-400°C is usually required by the sensing film to detect different gases which imply the requirement of thermally stable interconnects. To observe the effect of parameters influencing power of the device, electro-thermal simulation of LTCC hotplate is also presented. Simulated LTCC hotplate is fabricated using the LTCC technology. Design/methodology/approach The proposed task is to fabricate LTCC hotplate with interconnects through vertical access. Dedicated via-holes generated on the LTCC hotplate are used to provide the interconnections. These interconnections are based on adherence and bonding mechanism between LTCC and thick film. COMSOL software is used for finite element method (FEM) simulation of the LTCC hotplate structure. Findings Thermal reliability of these interconnections is tested by continuous operation of hotplate at 350°C for 175 h and cycling durability test performed at 500°C. Additionally, vibration test is also carried out for the hotplate with no damage observed in the interconnections. An optimized firing profile to reproduce these interconnections along with the experimental flowchart is presented. Research limitations/implications Research activity includes design and fabrication of LTCC hotplate with metal to thick-film based interconnections through vertical access. Research work on interconnections based on adherence of LTCC and thick film is limited. Practical implications A new way of providing lead-free and reliable interconnections will be useful for gas sensor fabricated on LTCC substrate. The FEM results are useful for optimizing the design for developing low-power LTCC hotplate. Originality/value Adherence and bonding mechanism between LTCC and thick film can be used to provide interconnections for LTCC devices. Methodology for providing such interconnections is discussed.

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6

Liu, Qi, Guifu Ding, Yipin Wang, and Jinyuan Yao. "Thermal Performance of Micro Hotplates with Novel Shapes Based on Single-Layer SiO2 Suspended Film." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100514.

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In this paper, two kinds of suspended micro hotplate with novel shapes of multibeam structure and reticular structure are designed. These designs have a reliable mechanical strength, so they can be designed and fabricated on single-layer SiO2 suspended film through a simplified process. Single-layer suspended film helps to reduce power consumption. Based on the new film shapes, different resistance heaters with various widths and thicknesses are designed. Then, the temperature uniformity and power consumption of different micro hotplates are compared to study the effect of these variables and obtain the one with the optimal thermal performance. We report the simulations of temperature uniformity and give the corresponding infrared images in measurement. The experimental temperature differences are larger than those of the simulation. Experimental results show that the lowest power consumption and the minimum temperature difference are 43 mW and 50 °C, respectively, when the highest temperature on the suspended platform (240 × 240 μm2) is 450 °C. Compared to the traditional four-beam micro hotplate, temperature non-uniformity is reduced by about 30–50%.

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7

Presmanes, Lionel, Vignesh Gunasekaran, Yohann Thimont, Inthuga Sinnarasa, Antoine Barnabe, Philippe Tailhades, Frédéric Blanc, Chabane Talhi, and Philippe Menini. "Sub-ppm NO2 Sensing in Temperature Cycled Mode with Ga Doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering." Proceedings 14, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019014048.

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In this work Ga doped ZnO thin films have been deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto a silicon micro-hotplate and their structural, microstructural and gas sensing properties have been studied. ZnO:Ga thin film with a thickness of 50 nm has been deposited onto a silicon based micro-hotplates without any photolithography process thanks to a low cost and reliable stencil mask process. Sub-ppm sensing (500 ppb) of NO2 gas at low temperature (50 °C) has been obtained with promising responses R/R0 up to 18.

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8

Xue, Yan Bing, and Zhe Nan Tang. "Study of the Gas Sensor Array Based on Micro-Machined Ceramic Hotplate." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.1117.

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In order to improve the thermal stability of silicon micro hotplate, a ceramic hotplate with structure of suspending bridge was designed. The steady-state thermal response of the hotplate and the structure of the micro-heater were simulated by using the finite element method. By using conventional microelectronics technology and laser micro processing technology, the microstructures with thickness of 100 μm and bridge width of 2 mm were produced. The test results show that the ceramic hotplate has higher working temperature than traditional silicon hotplate, and it can be worked steadily at the average temperature of 630 °C on 1.5W heating power. Taking ceramic hotplate as heating platform and nano-SnO2 materials with Pd doping concentration of 0.2 at.% and 10 at.% as sensitive materials respectively, the array with two gas sensors was designed and fabricated. The gas sensor array can be used to detect single gas of CO or CH4 with high sensitivity and good selectivity when it works with constant heating voltage. When the sensor array works with periodic voltage heating pulse, it can realize quantitative detection for mixed gases of CO and CH4.

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9

ZHU, YANWU, and CHORNG HAUR SOW. "HOTPLATE TECHNIQUE FOR NANOMATERIALS." COSMOS 04, no. 02 (November 2008): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607708000354.

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As an efficient and cost-effective method to synthesize nanomaterials, the hotplate technique has been reviewed in this article. Systematic studies have been carried out on the characterizations of the materials synthesized. In addition to the direct preparation of nanomaterials on metals, this method has been extended to the substrate-friendly and plasma-assisted hotplate synthesis. Apart from chemically pure nanostructures, a few nanohybrids were synthesized, further demonstrating the flexibility of this technique. The investigations on their applications indicate that they are promising material systems with potential applications in field emission devices, gas sensors, Li -ion batteries and ultrafast optical devices.

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10

Rasmussen, Roy M., John Hallett, Rick Purcell, Scott D. Landolt, and Jeff Cole. "The Hotplate Precipitation Gauge." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1375.1.

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Abstract A new instrument designed to measure precipitation, the “hotplate precipitation gauge,” is described. The instrument consists of a heated thin disk that provides a reliable, low-maintenance method to measure precipitation rate every minute without the use of a wind shield. The disk consists of two heated, thermally isolated identical aluminum plates—one facing upward and the other downward. The two plates are heated independently, and both are maintained at constant temperature above 75°C by electronic circuitry that heats the plates depending on the deviation from the set temperature. Precipitation rate is estimated by calculating the power required to either melt or evaporate snow or to evaporate rain on the upward-facing plate, compensated for wind effects by subtracting out the power on the lower, downward-facing plate. Data from the World Meteorological Organization reference standard for liquid-equivalent snowfall rate measurements, the Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (DFIR) shield system, were used as the truth to develop the hotplate algorithm. The hotplate measures the liquid-equivalent precipitation rate from 0.25 to 35 mm h−1 within the National Weather Service standard for solid precipitation measurement. The hotplate was also shown to measure wind speed during severe icing conditions and during vibration. The high update rate (precipitation rate, wind speed, and temperature every 1 min), make this an ideal gauge for real-time applications, such as aircraft deicing and road weather conditions. It serves as an accumulation gauge by integrating the 1-min rates over time. It can also be used as a rain gauge for rainfall rates up to 35 mm h−1.

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11

Li, Ji, Xiao Bo Zhang, and Li Liu. "A Novel Micro-Hotplate Designed for Micro-Gas Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1569.

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A original design of micro-hotplate is proposed for micro-structural gas sensor. The simulation results of ANSYS reveal that higher temperature and more uniform temperature distribution was achieved in the micro-hotplate when the thickness of SiO2, thickness of Si substrate, electrode width and electrode space were designed to be 100, 200, 20 and 250 μm, respectively. The new micro-hotplate is beneficial to improving the sensor sensitivity.

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12

Li, Chang Chun, Xiao Bo Zhang, and Li Liu. "Optimization of a Novel Micro-Hotplate for Gas Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2317.

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A novel design of micro-hotplate is proposed for micro-structural gas sensor. The simulation results of ANSYS reveal that higher temperature and more uniform temperature distribution was achieved in the micro-hotplate when the thickness of SiO2, thickness of Si substrate, electrode width and electrode space were designed to be 100, 200, 20 and 230 μm, respectively. The new micro-hotplate is benefit for the improvement of sensor sensitivity.

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13

Kulhari, Lokesh, Achu Chandran, Kanad Ray, and P. K. Khanna. "Design, fabrication and characterization of LTCC micro-hotplates for gas-sensing application." Microelectronics International 37, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-06-2019-0035.

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Purpose Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) technology-based micro-hotplates are of immense interest owing to their ruggedness, high temperature stability and reliability. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of thermal mass of LTCC-based micro-hotplates on the power consumption and temperature for gas-sensing applications. Design/methodology/approach The LTCC micro-hotplates with different thicknesses are designed and fabricated. The role of thermal mass on power consumption and temperature of these hotplates are simulated and experimentally studied. Also, a comparison study on the performance of LTCC and alumina-based hotplates of equivalent thickness is done. A thick film-sensing layer of tin oxide is coated on LTCC micro-hotplate and demonstrated for the sensing of commercial liquefied petroleum gas. Findings It is found from both simulation and experimental studies that the power consumption of LTCC hotplates was decreasing with the decrease in thermal mass to attain the same temperature. Also, the LTCC hotplates are less power-consuming than alumina-based one, owing to their superior thermal characteristics (low thermal conductivity, 3.3 W/ [m-K]). Originality/value This study will be beneficial for designing hotplates based on LTCC technology with low power consumption and better stability for gas-sensing applications.

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14

Tobing, Tasya Amanda, Rita Nurmalina, and Siti Jahroh. "Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Restoran Waroeng Hotplate Odon Bogor." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 9, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2021.9.1.43-54.

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Currently, Indonesia has a 265 million population in which more than one-third of the population is the modern generation who are more likely to have a preference for something that simple and practical like taking a meal in the restaurant. Bogor is one of the cities generally known for its culinary varieties. Waroeng Hotplate Odon is one of them which uniquely serves dishes, which uses hot plates and has a spiciness level and its sales experienced a downward trend due to high competition among the restaurants. This research aims to analyze the effect of marketing mix consist of 7P variables which are: product, promotion, place, price, people, process and physical evidence towards customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of Waroeng Hotplate Odon restaurant. The sample of the research is 393 people who visited Waroeng Hotplate Odon restaurant. The sampling method applied in this study is purposive sampling using a questionnaire distributed to Waroeng Hotplate Odon visitors. The structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method is used to analyze the data. This research showed that 4 variables affect customer satisfaction and loyalty of Waroeng Hotplate Odon visitors, which are price, process and physical evidence. The satisfaction variable has a significant effect on consumer loyalty, which is reflected by consumers' willingness to make repeat purchases and recommend restaurants to other parties. In general, respondents feel satisfied and loyal to the restaurant. Based on the result of the study, the following strategies to increase customer loyalty of Waroeng Hotplate Odon are improving the quality of flavour, spiciness level, variety of the menu, offering menu with more affordable prices, improving restaurant’s layout and parking spaces, and implementing a service system based on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).

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15

Jin, Ren Cheng, Ming Liang Shao, Li Sha Meng, Zhe Nan Tang, and Jia Qi Wang. "Coupled Electro-Thermal-Mechanical Micro-Hotplate-Based for Micro Gas Pressure Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1086.

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In this paper, electro-thermal-mechanical theoretical analysis of micro-hotplate-based micro gas pressure sensor is carried out, which is on basis of the classical heat transfer theory and rarefied gas dynamics. Combined with micro-hotplate (MHP) theory analysis of heat transfer and thermal-mechanical finite element modeling, electro-thermal-mechanical coupled analysis of theoretical models with regard to the MHP-based micro gas pressure sensor is built. Then, through the ANSYS-one of the finite element analysis software-the simulation analysis of MHP went well. The simulation results show that MHP generates a smaller deformation because of adding the thermal conductivity, and MHP provides a more feasible analysis method in the theoretical study of micro hotplate.

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Schultealbert, Caroline, Robin Diener, Johannes Amann, Tobias Baur, Andreas Schütze, and Tilman Sauerwald. "Differential scanning calorimetry on micro hotplates for temperature calibration and mass quantification." tm - Technisches Messen 87, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-0142.

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AbstractIn this work a novel calibration method for micro hotplates is developed and tested. The method is based on phase change processes of applied testing materials, which can be identified due to their phase change enthalpy in the power needed for the hotplate to linearly heat up. For traceability and reproducibility tests a ceramic heating element (Umweltsensortechnik GmbH, Geschwenda, Germany) including a Pt100 sensing element was used. Using the melting process of Hexatriacontane and different temperature ramps the feasibility of the method was tested, and the onset point of the phase change was identified as the best feature for temperature calibration. On this substrate we achieved an absolute deviation of 5 °C to literature values and a relative uncertainty of 0.3 °C. Pyrazine, which can be removed more easily, showed an absolute deviation of 2.5 °C to literature values and a relative uncertainty of again 0.3 °C for temperature calibration. The sublimation process of Hexamethylenetetramine was also tested but did not yield stable results. The two materials successfully tested on the ceramic heater were then transferred to MEMS membrane heaters (AS-MLV-P2 and AS-MLV, both metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, ams AG, Premstätten, Austria) showing the applicability of the method for MEMS device calibration and yielding relative uncertainties for the calibrated heater resistance of 0.17 Ω (corresponding to 0.39 °C). For Hexatriacontane on the ceramic hotplate we also show the possibility of mass quantification through evaluating the phase change enthalpy.

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Guo, Yang, Yu Xiang, and Zheng-Wei Yang. "Drying paraffin sections on hotplate unadvisable." Journal of Histology and Histopathology 3, no. 1 (2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7243/2055-091x-3-4.

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18

Yi, Xian, Jianjun Lai, Huafeng Liang, and Xiaofeng Zhai. "Fabrication of a MEMS micro-hotplate." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 276 (February 1, 2011): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/276/1/012098.

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19

Beckel, Daniel, Briand Danick, Jérôme Courbat, Anja Bieberle-Hütter, Nico F. de Rooij, and Ludwig J. Gauckler. "Micro-Hotplate Devices for Micro-SOFC." ECS Transactions 7, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2729119.

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He, Yue, Ke Bi, Yu Li, Hai Ying Li, Xin Guo, Xiao Bo Zhang, and Li Liu. "Structure Optimization of a New Micro-Hotplate Designed for Gas Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 574 (July 2014): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.574.498.

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Thepaperpresents the design of a new micro-hotplate.Useplatinum filament as electrode material, Si and SiO2assubstrate materials.Through the structure optimizing analysis, the micro-hotplate owns the best temperature distribution, when the thickness of Si, the front and rear SiO2are set to 125, 25 and 150 μmrespectively, the width of heating electrode is 50μm and the measuring electrode is withoutinterdigital electrode. The new micro-hotplate is benefit for the improvement of sensitivity and overall performance of the sensor.

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21

Thériault, Julie M., Nicolas R. Leroux, and Roy M. Rasmussen. "Improvement of Solid Precipitation Measurements Using a Hotplate Precipitation Gauge." Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, no. 4 (April 2021): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0168.1.

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AbstractAccurate snowfall measurement is challenging because it depends on the precipitation gauge used, meteorological conditions, and the precipitation microphysics. Upstream of weighing gauges, the flow field is disturbed by the gauge and any shielding used usually creates an updraft, which deflects solid precipitation from falling in the gauge, resulting in significant undercatch. Wind shields are often used with weighing gauges to reduce this updraft, and transfer functions are required to adjust the snowfall measurements to consider gauge undercatch. Using these functions reduces the bias in precipitation measurement but not the root-mean-square error (RMSE). In this study, the accuracy of the Hotplate precipitation gauge was compared to standard unshielded and shielded weighing gauges collected during the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment program. The analysis performed in this study shows that the Hotplate precipitation gauge bias after wind correction is near zero and similar to wind corrected weighing gauges. The RMSE of the Hotplate precipitation gauge measurements is lower than weighing gauges (with or without an Alter shield) for wind speeds up to 5 m s−1, the wind speed limit at which sufficient data were available. This study shows that the Hotplate precipitation gauge measurement has a low bias and RMSE due to its aerodynamic shape, making its performance mostly independent of the type of solid precipitation.

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Zhang, Xiao Bo, Guo Guang Wang, Chang Bai Liu, Li Liu, Wei Wei Zhai, Lian Yuan Wang, Zhen Liu, Xiao Qing Bo, and Xiao Chi. "Design and Electro-Thermal Analysis of a New Micro-Hotplate for Gas Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.602.

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Electro-thermal analysis of a new micro-hotplate designed for gas sensor has been studied in this paper. Through the comparison of materials, select pt as electrodes material, Si, SiO2 as substrate materials. Then, through the optimization of substrate structure, in order to make the gas sensor obtain perfect properties of good temperature uniformity, the thickness of Si substrate, thermal insulation layers are 150, 50, 100 µm respectively. The new micro-hotplate structure is benefit for the improvement of sensitivity and overall performance of the sensor.

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Xie, Meilan, Shaojing Wu, Zheng Chen, Qasim Khan, Xinzhou Wu, Shuangshuang Shao, and Zheng Cui. "Performance improvement for printed indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors with a preheating process." RSC Advances 6, no. 47 (2016): 41439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01776b.

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Li, Meihua, Weiping Yan, Huichao Zhu, Zhenya Guo, and Zhenan Tang. "Fabrication and characterization of a low power consumption ethanol gas sensor based on a suspended micro-hotplate." RSC Advances 5, no. 64 (2015): 51953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra05515f.

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Ozyegin, L. S., Felix Sima, Carmen Ristoscu, Ismail Akin Kiyici, Ion N. Mihailescu, Onur Meydanoglu, Simeon Agathopoulos, and F. N. Oktar. "Sea Snail: An Alternative Source for Nano-Bioceramic Production." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.781.

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The production of nano-calcium phosphate, such as HA (hydroxyapatite), materials from synthetic chemicals could sometimes lead to a costly and tedious work. Sea creatures could be an alternative way to produce very fine and even nano-structured calcium phosphate materials. Nacres vastly consist of rich calcium carbonate and/or aragonite mater. With simple conversion methods, like hotplate stirring, various bioceramic structures could be produced suitable for thin film coatings with various methods, like pulsed laser deposition (MAPLE). This study is part of a bigger project which eventually and ultimately aims to produce nano-phases of calcium phosphate biocompatible bioceramics, which can be used for biomedical coatings. In this particular study, we focus at transforming chemically, using hotplate stirring method, local sea snail shells rapana thomasiana. Cleaned sea snail samples were provided from local markets in Istanbul. The shells were smashed down, ball-milled and the powder was sieved (<100 µm powder particles). Differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG) was employed to evaluate the exact CaCO3 content of the shells. According to these results, the required volume of H3PO4 was added in order to set the molar ratio of Ca/P (during hotplate stirring) either 10/6 or 3/2 (these ratios correspond to HA and TCP, respectively). SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted. The SEM observations showed brick-like particles were formed with sizes <5 µm. From the X-ray diffraction analysis, predominantly monetite, which can be considered as a precursor of HA and TCP, was detected. The results of this study showed that to produce HA and other bioceramic phases, hot-plate stirring method is a reliable, fast, rapid and economic method when compared to other tedious HA production methods. Moreover, sea snail shells are very good candidate materials to produce fine powders with hotplate stirring method for various tissue engineering applications.

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KATSUMATA, SHINJI. "The Pursuit of Comfortability① Sweating Guarded-Hotplate Test." Sen'i Gakkaishi 74, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): P—429—P—434. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.74.p-429.

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27

Zhang, Zili, Chenbo Yin, Chunmin Tao, Bin Zhu, and Ningning Dong. "Design and optimization of planar structure micro-hotplate." Procedia Engineering 12 (2011): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.05.018.

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28

Wu, Xiangyang, and Edwin K. L. Yeow. "Ultrathin Near‐Infrared Light Activated Nano‐Hotplate Catalyst." Small 16, no. 40 (September 6, 2020): 2002698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202002698.

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Zhu, Yanwu, Yousheng Zhang, Ling Dai, Fook-Chiong Cheong, Vincent Tan, Chorng-Haur Sow, and Chwee-Teck Lim. "Mechanical characterization of hotplate synthesized vanadium oxide nanobelts." Acta Materialia 58, no. 2 (January 2010): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.09.018.

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30

Gopalan, K. "A simple chemical resistant hotplate for geochemical applications." Journal of the Geological Society of India 81, no. 4 (April 2013): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-013-0061-3.

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31

Troughton, Joel, Matthew J. Carnie, Matthew L. Davies, Cécile Charbonneau, Eifion H. Jewell, David A. Worsley, and Trystan M. Watson. "Photonic flash-annealing of lead halide perovskite solar cells in 1 ms." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 9 (2016): 3471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09431c.

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An extremely fast annealing technique for mixed-halide perovskite solar cells is presented. A white light pulse is used to crystallise a perovskite precursor in 1.15ms compared to 90 minutes using a conventional hotplate.

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32

Krishna, M. V. Balarama, G. Venkateswarlu, and D. Karunasagar. "Development of a simple and robust microwave-assisted decomposition method for the determination of rare earth elements in coal fly ash by ICP-OES." Analytical Methods 9, no. 13 (2017): 2031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00286f.

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A novel two-step method based on hotplate treatment (HT) in combination with microwave-assisted decomposition (MWD) was developed for the determination of rare earth elements (REEs) in coal fly ash samples by ICP-OES.

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33

Naylor, Geoffrey RS. "Measurement of the dynamic moisture buffering potential of fabrics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 5 (February 7, 2018): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518755784.

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In non-stationary wear conditions, characterized by intermittent pulses of moderate or heavy sweating, a garment with a good moisture buffering action can improve comfort. This is consistent with the common consumer belief that clothing manufactured from hygroscopic natural fibers (e.g., wool or cotton) provides better breathability. The current work describes a new approach for measuring dynamic moisture buffering potential using the sweating guarded hotplate instrument in a novel mode of operation. A fabric test sample is placed on the hotplate following the normal procedure for dry mode testing but with the relative humidity of the surrounding environment set to a low value (45%). After equilibration, the relative humidity is rapidly increased to a high value (85%). In the case of hygroscopic samples, a transient reduction in the heat required to maintain the hotplate at its fixed temperature is observed. It is demonstrated that the area of this transient peak is a measure of the water vapor absorbed during this transition, that is, the moisture buffering potential of the test specimen. A key to this new approach is that the heat of sorption per gram of water vapor absorbed is approximately the same for a wide range of natural and synthetic fibers commonly used in clothing. Using matched knitted fabrics manufactured from wool, cotton or polyester, the technique detected the heat released from light weight fabrics and the performance of the different fiber types is clearly distinguished.

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34

Triantafyllopoulou, R., S. Chatzandroulis, C. Tsamis, and A. Tserepi. "Alternative micro-hotplate design for low power sensor arrays." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 4-9 (April 2006): 1189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.224.

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35

Frey, Urs, Markus Graf, Stefano Taschini, Kay-Uwe Kirstein, and Andreas Hierlemann. "A Digital CMOS Architecture for a Micro-Hotplate Array." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 42, no. 2 (February 2007): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.889367.

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ZHANG, Tong, Qi QI, Kui-xue LIU, Li LIU, Lei ZHANG, and Bao-kun XU. "Temperature measurement based on radialization power for micro-hotplate." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 16 (June 2006): s780—s784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(06)60300-2.

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37

Cavicchi, R. E., J. S. Suehle, K. G. Kreider, M. Gaitan, and P. Chaparala. "Fast temperature programmed sensing for micro-hotplate gas sensors." IEEE Electron Device Letters 16, no. 6 (June 1995): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.790737.

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38

Ishaku, Lucky A., David Hutson, and Des Gibson. "Development of a MEMS hotplate-based photoacoustic CO2 sensor." Journal of Measurements in Engineering 9, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jme.2021.21852.

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39

Vijay Bahadur Maurya, Vishnu Prasad Yadav, and Vinay Kumar. "Evaluation of the analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Populus deltoides leaves in mice." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 5942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3252.

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The ethanolic leaves extract of Populus deltoides was tested for the presence of various phytoconstituents and designed to evaluate the analgesic activity in mice. The peripheral analgesic activity of ethanolic leaves extract of P.deltoides (250 and 500 mg/kg) was studied by using acetic acid stimulated writhing test and central analgesic activity of P.deltoides was studied by using hotplate process. The ethanolic leaves extract of P.deltoides professed the existence of a variety of chemical constituents like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids. Leaves extract of P.deltoides appreciably decreased the writhing actions in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and amplified the respond time in hotplate test. These results suggest that the extract may have NSAIDs like activity through the peripheral mechanism and central analgesic activities via opioid receptors. From our study, we endowed that leaves extract of P.deltoides has feasible to analgesic activity. This study reveals that it can be used in the management of pain and provide a scientific basis for its traditional use.

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Gilissen, Koen, Jeroen Stryckers, Wouter Moons, Jean Manca, and Wim Deferme. "Microwave annealing, a promising step in the roll-to-roll processing of organic electronics." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 28, no. 1 (2015): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1501143g.

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In recent years, organic printable electronics has gained more and more attention. The development and characterization of new printing techniques and functional inks is vital to accomplish solution processable, large area organic electronic devices e.g.: organic photovoltaics (OPV), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study a systematic comparison is made between hotplate annealing and microwave annealing of (screen) printed Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layers. PEDOT:PSS films treated with both techniques were characterized and compared by their thin film morphology, their electronic properties and their annealing time. It is shown that no difference in the thin film morphology and final sheet resistance was observed for microwave annealed compared to the hotplate annealed samples. Above that the annealing time is decreased up to a factor 6. These results show that microwave annealing is a feasible fast annealing technique for PEDOT:PSS thin films and can therefor reduce the total processing time of organic and PEDOT:PSS based electronic applications.

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Urbach, Tandini Ulfa, and Wildian Wildian. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Kontrol Temperatur Pemanasan Zat Cair Menggunakan Sensor Inframerah MLX90614." Jurnal Fisika Unand 8, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.8.3.273-280.2019.

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Telah dirancang sistem monitoring dan kontrol temperatur zat cair menggunakan sensor inframerah MLX90614. Sistem bekerja berdasarkan prinsip penginderaan radiasi inframerah yang dipancarkan objek. Radiasi inframerah yang dindera sensor MLX90614 diubah menjadi sinyal listrik. Sinyal kemudian diolah oleh mikrokontroler yang ada pada modul Arduino Uno R3 dengan bahasa pemrograman IDE Arduino. Hasilnya berupa nilai temperatur yang ditampilkan pada LCD (liquid crystal display). Hotplate dimatikan secara otomatis melalui relay (sebagai saklar on/off) ketika temperatur zat cair mencapai nilai tertentu yang diinginkan. Nilai temperatur acuan diset ke dalam program melalui keypad. Berdasarkan pengujian terhadap sistem yang telah dibangun dan analisis data yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa alat dapat mengukur temperatur zat cair secara non-contact dengan akurasi sebesar 99,24% atau error (ketidaktepatan) sebesar 0,76% dibanding termometer air-raksa. Nilai tersebut diperoleh dengan kondisi sensor MLX90614 ditempatkan dalam tabung PVC pada jarak 4 mm dari ujung tabung.Kata Kunci : hotplate, inframerah, MLX90614, temperatur, zat cair

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42

Udrea, F., J. W. Gardner, D. Setiadi, J. A. Covington, T. Dogaru, C. C. Lu, and W. I. Milne. "Design and simulations of SOI CMOS micro-hotplate gas sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 78, no. 1-3 (August 2001): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(01)00810-3.

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43

Zhang, F. T., Z. Tang, J. Yu, and R. C. Jin. "A micro-Pirani vacuum gauge based on micro-hotplate technology." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 126, no. 2 (February 2006): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.10.016.

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44

Zhang, Ronghai, Yuqin Gu, Dezhong Zhu, Jingyang Hao, and Zhenan Tang. "Thermal measurement and analysis of micro hotplate array using thermography." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 100, no. 2-3 (September 2002): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(02)00061-4.

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45

van Haaren, Frans, Sara Scott, and Laura B. Tucker. "κ-Opioid receptor-mediated analgesia: hotplate temperature and sex differences." European Journal of Pharmacology 408, no. 2 (November 2000): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00769-x.

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46

Kunt, Tekin, Thomas J. McAvoy, Richard E. Cavicchi, and Steve Semancik. "Dynamic Modeling and Optimization of Micro-Hotplate Chemical Gas Sensors." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30, no. 9 (June 1997): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)43145-4.

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47

Xu, Lei, Tie Li, Xiuli Gao, and Yuelin Wang. "Development of a Reliable Micro-Hotplate With Low Power Consumption." IEEE Sensors Journal 11, no. 4 (April 2011): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2010.2064765.

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Yu, Ting, Yanwu Zhu, Xiaojing Xu, Kuan-Song Yeong, Zexiang Shen, Ping Chen, Chwee-Teck Lim, John Thiam-Leong Thong, and Chorng-Haur Sow. "Substrate-Friendly Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanostructures Using a Hotplate." Small 2, no. 1 (January 2006): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500234.

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49

Farhan, Muhammad, Muhammad A. Khan, and Timothy P. Hogan. "Large scale, low temperature hotplate synthesis of germanium dioxide nanowires." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 508, no. 2 (October 2010): L21—L23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.08.055.

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Nordin, Anis Nurashikin, Ioana Voiculescu, and Mona Zaghloul. "Micro-hotplate based temperature stabilization system for CMOS SAW resonators." Microsystem Technologies 15, no. 8 (February 10, 2009): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-009-0786-5.

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