To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Hours of labor Labor productivity.
Journal articles on the topic 'Hours of labor Labor productivity'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Hours of labor Labor productivity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zaytsev, A. "International differences in labor productivity: Role of capital, technological level and resource rent." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2016): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-9-67-93.
Full textAbstract:
Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia’s lagging behind. Factors of Russia’s low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.
2
Takahashi, Shuhei. "Heterogeneity and Aggregation: Implications for Labor-Market Fluctuations: Comment." American Economic Review 104, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 1446–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.4.1446.
Full textAbstract:
Chang and Kim (2007) develop an incomplete asset markets model incorporating discrete labor supply and idiosyncratic labor productivity. Their results resolve long-standing puzzles for business cycle models. Specifically, they produce a low correlation between aggregate hours worked and labor productivity (0.23) and a labor wedge with 76 percent the volatility of output. I show that these results arise from errors in their computational method. I resolve their model using a corrected method and find a strong, positive correlation between hours and productivity (0.80). Fluctuations in the labor wedge decrease to 24 percent of those in output. (JEL D31, E32, J22, J24, J31)
3
Burda, Michael C., Daniel S. Hamermesh, and Jay Stewart. "Cyclical Variation in Labor Hours and Productivity Using the ATUS." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.99.
Full textAbstract:
We examine monthly variation in weekly work hours using data from 2003 to 2010. The data sources include the Current Population Survey (CPS) on hours/worker, the Current Employment Survey (CES) on hours/job, and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) on both. The ATUS data minimize recall difficulties and constrain hours of work to accord with total available time. The ATUS hours/worker are less cyclical than the CPS series, but the hours/job are more cyclical than the CES series. We present alternative estimates of productivity based on ATUS data, and find that it is more pro-cyclical than other productivity measures.
4
Atiyatna, Dirta Pratama, Abdul Bashir, and Ichsan Hamidi. "Identifying Factors Influencing the Labor Productivity of SMEs in South Sumatra." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 19, no. 1 (July 3, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v19i1.13111.
Full textAbstract:
This study is to investigate the effect of human capital, labor domicile, gender, and working hours on the productivity of MSME workers in South Sumatra. The data used are primary data, data collection with a purposive sample approach as many as 196 samples as workers in SMEs. This study applies a logistic regression approach. The findings of this study indicate that independent tests, human capital, labor domicile, gender, and working hours have a significant relationship to labor productivity. Likewise, jointly the predictor variables such as junior high school, Local workers, male, and working hours of more than seven hours have the opportunity to get higher productivity than other categories in SMEs.
5
Sani, La Ode Arsad, Laode Muh Munadi, Musram Abadi, Alfiansyah Alfiansyah, Muhammad Amrullah Pagala, and Natsir Sandiah. "Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Keluarga Pada Usaha Sapi Bali Terintegrasi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Kecamatan Wiwirano Kabupaten Konawe Utara." Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v10i1.44170.
Full textAbstract:
The development of beef cattle farms can be done through an integrated system and the involvement of family labor. The objective of this study is to know the family labor productivity in the integrated Bali cattle business and palm oil plantations in Wiwirano District, North Konawe Regency. The research material is breeders in the District of Wiwirano who carry out the integration efforts of Bali cattle and palm oil, As many as 4 villages in Wiwirano district, that integrated the Bali cattle and oil palm were determined by stratified sampling. 60 respondents from 4 villages were selected using simple random sampling. The average allocation of family labor in the Bali cattle business reaches 5,635 hours/day or 0,653 HOK/day. While the allocation of family labor in the palm oil business reaches 10,121 hours/day or 1,151 HOK. The technical productivity of the Bali cattle business is 4,72 ST/HOK and economic productivity is Rp 83.983,43/HOK. While the technical productivity of the oil palm plantation business is 133,69 kg/HOK and economic productivity is Rp 120.772,75/HOK.Keywords: Labor, Bali Cattle, Palm Oil.
6
Moon, Weh-Sol. "THE BUSINESS CYCLE WITH NOMINAL CONTRACTS AND SEARCH FRICTIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 22, no. 2 (January 9, 2018): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000183.
Full textAbstract:
Macroeconomic models of the economy with rigid wage structures tend to predict unrealistically volatile labor hours and countercyclical productivity. This study extends the Cho–Cooley model by incorporating labor market frictions and efficient bargaining as an alternative contracting scheme in which contracts are forward-looking and specify labor hours and wage rates. By accounting for search frictions and realistic contractual schemes, the extended model overcomes two counterfactual predictions: (1) excess volatility of employment and output and (2) countercyclical productivity. However, the extended model fails to produce the Beveridge curve.
7
Roslyakova, N. "Assessment of the impact of labor productivity on the effectiveness of innovative activities in Kazakhstan and the Northwestern Federal District of Russia." BULLETIN OF THE KARAGANDA UNIVERSITY. ECONOMY SERIES 101, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ec1/103-113.
Full textAbstract:
Object: In many foreign countries, growth in labor productivity leads to a reduction in working hours. But these processes are not always proportional and depend on the correlation of social and economic priorities of states, on the conditions of general globalization and neoliberalization. The unfavorable ratio of the internal price proportions of some states and the low level of development of technics and technology act as obstacles to increasing the rate of economic growth. In such conditions, a reduction in working hours will inevitably lead to a reduction in the country's economic potential and the level of income of citizens. The purpose of this article is to study the nature of labor productivity and analyze the relationship between the proportions of labor productivity and the volume of production of innovative products in Russia and Kazakhstan as the largest EAEU states that determine development trends in the region. Methods: The collected data on the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of output of innovative products were analyzed using cluster analysis and nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Findings: Labor productivity affects the level of innovative development and affects the overall economic development of individual regions and countries as a whole. The analysis of these processes is very important for the formation of state development policy. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of innovative products, as well as examines similar processes in certain regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the following hypotheses were accepted: in Kazakhstan and Russia, labor productivity directly affects the innovative production of products. This influence is different in the regions of both countries. In Kazakhstan and Russia, there are regions that are similar in characteristics of the processes of the impact of labor productivity on innovative output, and for them similar measures to improve state policy are recommended.
8
Chang, Yongsung, and Sun-Bin Kim. "Heterogeneity and Aggregation: Implications for Labor-Market Fluctuations." American Economic Review 97, no. 5 (November 1, 2007): 1939–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.5.1939.
Full textAbstract:
We demonstrate that aggregate employment and consumption can increase without a corresponding movement in productivity in a model with heterogeneous agents where the only aggregate disturbance is a productivity shock. The interaction between incomplete capital markets and indivisible labor results in a low employment-productivity correlation and creates a time-varying wedge between the marginal rate of substitution (for commodity consumption and hours) and productivity. Our results caution against viewing the measured wedge as an inefficiency due to a failure of labor-market clearing or as a fundamental driving force behind business cycles. (JEL D31, E32, J22, J24, J31)
9
Gollin, Douglas, David Lagakos, and Michael E. Waugh. "The Agricultural Productivity Gap *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 129, no. 2 (December 11, 2013): 939–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt056.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract According to national accounts data, value added per worker is much higher in the nonagricultural sector than in agriculture in the typical country, particularly in developing countries. Taken at face value, this “agricultural productivity gap” suggests that labor is greatly misallocated across sectors. In this article, we draw on new micro evidence to ask to what extent the gap is still present when better measures of sector labor inputs and value added are taken into consideration. We find that even after considering sector differences in hours worked and human capital per worker, as well as alternative measures of sector output constructed from household survey data, a puzzlingly large gap remains.
10
Chen, Chang Ray, Fei Fei Cheng, and Yong Bai. "Comparative Analysis of Construction Process at Building Sites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (June 2017): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.390.
Full textAbstract:
The accurate measurement of labor productivity data can mean the difference between the success and failure of a building construction project. Due to the sheer diversity and complexity of international building construction practices, minimal research has been performed on comparative labor productivity between countries. In this paper, the authors present a research project that was conducted by comparing the Chinese labor productivity with the U.S. labor productivity in building construction projects. The labor productivity data were collected from different jobsites in the U.S. and China by using a time-study method with established data collection procedures. Furthermore, work sampling in the HVAC system work category was used as a method to gather information about the amount of labor productive and nonproductive work hours spent on construction activities. It is certain that there are many factors affecting productivity in the building construction process. With the lack of timely and effective project quality supervision, construction quality cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, various statistical analysis methods were applied to analyze and compare the collected productivity data from both countries. Findings of this productivity comparison can provide industry practitioners the advancement of knowledge in the Chinese building construction industry and it can support benchmarking and continuous improvement of productivity with a greater efficiency in both the US and Chinese building construction markets.
11
Razumov, A. A., and I. V. Tsygankova. "MODERN APPROACHES TO THE USE OF IT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REASONABLE LABOR RATIONING IN TRADE AND SERVICE ENTERPRISES." Social and labor researches 42, no. 1 (2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2021-42-1-45-53.
Full textAbstract:
The article explores the issues of effective use of modern software to improve labor rationing at trade and service enterprises. The specifics of labor rationing in this business segment are shown. The aim of the paper is to substantiate the need for widespread use of the latest IT technologies in trading and service companies to determine the required time spent on performing certain labor operations, trading, and service processes in order to develop and establish reasonable labor rationing. The authors used such methods as the system and logical analysis, analysis of scientific literature, classifications and groupings, statistical processing of federal and regional databases on labor productivity, photography of working hours. The authors concluded that the efficiency of the trade and service business, the increase in labor productivity of workers employed in this dynamically developing sector of the economy, the optimization of the number and wages of personnel today largely depend on reasonable labor standards developed using modern IT technologies.
12
Wisaptiningsih, Umi, Budi Hartono, and Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara. "Partisipasi Tenaga Kerja Keluarga Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong Skala Kecil Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Tumpang, Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis 6, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v6i3.7228.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis curahan tenaga kerja terhadap usaha sapi potong, analisis produktivitas teknik tenaga kerja dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas teknik tenaga kerja usaha peternakan skala kecil. Lokasi penelitian di kecamatan Tumpang, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Jumlah responden 90 peternak. Analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM), software yang digunakan warpPLS 5.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curahan kerja anggota keluarga (suami, istri dan anak) sebanyak 4 jam/hari. Curahan tenaga kerja non keluarga sebanyak 0,08 jam/hari yang digunakan untuk menncari hijauan. Produktivitas teknis usahaternak sapi potong tidak efisien dan Tingkat partisipasi anak terhadap usahaternak sapi potong 11%. Model partisipasi tenaga kerja keluarga, jumlah kepemilikan ternak dan partisipasi anak terhadap usaha sapi potong memiliki pengaruh terhadap produktivitas teknis. Tingkat partisipasi anak dalan usahaternak sapi potong memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas teknis tenaga kerja.Kata Kunci: curahan tenaga kerja, partisipasi anak, produktivitas tenaga kerja, usaha sapi potongABSTRACTThe research objective was to analyze the outpouring of labor for beef cattle business, the analysis of labor engineering productivity and the factors that influence the productivity of small-scale livestock business labor techniques. Research location in Tumpang sub-district, Malang Regency, East Java. The number of respondents 90 farmers. Data analysis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM), the software used warpPLS 5.0. The results showed that the workflow of family members (husband, wife and children) was 4 hours/day. Non-family labor was as much as 0.08 hours/day used to search forage. The technical productivity of beef cattle business was inefficient and the level of children's participation in the beef cattle business is 11%. The model of family labor participation, the number of livestock ownership and child participation in the beef cattle business influence technical productivity. The level of participation of children in beef cattle business has a positive influence on the Technical Productivity of Labor.Keywords: beef cattle business, child participation, labor productivity, the outpouring of labor
13
Bogatyreva, I. V., L. A. Ilyukhina, I. N. Makhmudova, and L. V. Polynova. "Theory and Practice of Informatization in Labor Standardization at Enterprises." SHS Web of Conferences 62 (2019): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196206001.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the increased requirements of employers to reduce production costs (works) including labor expenses. Development of Information Technologies in work standardization gives a possibility to reduce labor input of specialists in work standardization and to increase efficiency of their working hours. It will allow analyzing existing standards in more details and developing activities, which are aimed at increase in their quality. The research objective is to define the main directions of application of the information technologies (IT) in labor rationing. Authors analyzed the experience of IT application to solve the tasks in the field of labor organization and rationing at the enterprises of the Samara region, the structure of organization information system and labor rationing is presented, the approximate work content of time study engineers is given and the structure of its automated workplace is demonstrated. The materials of the article can be useful for the departments of labor rationing, for the research on increasing labor productivity, for the creation of information programs on calculating labor productivity.
14
Harieswantini, Retno, Hariadi Subagja, and Muksin Muksin. "ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS DAN PENDAPATAN TENAGA KERJA PENYADAP KARET DI KABUPATEN JEMBER." JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 10, no. 1 (August 16, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v10i1.5215.
Full textAbstract:
Rubber plantation development has proven to be the economic driver of the region with a variety of multiplier effect. East Java is one of the potential areas for rubber plantations development. Rubber production in East Java in 2012 amounted to 6,085 tons. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the labor productivity of rubber tappers and differences in productivity, revenue, revenue contributions. This research was conducted by taking locations in Jember by taking Sumberwadung and Durjo plantations as research objects. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear recreation and different test. The analysis show: Labor productivity in plantation rubber tapper Sumberwadung influenced by the outpouring of hours of work, education and training and the environment and work climate. Labor productivity in plantation rubber tapper Durjo influenced by age, environment and climate and the number of family members.Productivity and revenue between growers and Durjo Sumberwadung no different. Labor income between growers and Durjo different Sumberwadung
15
Shen, Zheng, Marie Parker, Derek Brown, and Xiangming Fang. "Effects of public health insurance on labor supply in rural China." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-12-2016-0194.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Since the implementation of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) in 2003, this program has experienced rapid growth. Even so, little is known about the association between NCMS expansion and labor force supply among rural residents in China. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the NCMS on labor force supply for rural Chinese populations. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a difference-in-differences (DD) approach is employed to estimate the impact of NCMS expansion on labor supply outcomes, including hours of worked in agriculture, off-farm labor force participation, not working, and weeks off due to illness. A number of falsification tests are conducted to identify whether the assumption of common trends of DD analyses is satisfied. The robustness of results is checked through additional estimation, including panel fixed effects and instrumental variable approach. Findings Results show that the NCMS expansion has a positive effect on the hours of worked in agriculture and off-farm labor force participation, and reduces the likelihood of not working and weeks off due to illness. The effect on hours of agricultural production is larger for male adults, those aged 50 or more, and individuals in low-income families. This study demonstrates the importance of potential health improvements from public health insurance in promoting rural residents’ labor productivity. Originality/value Studies concerning the effects of public health insurance on labor supply in developing countries remain limited. The findings of this study provide important insights into how public health insurance programs, like the NCMS, may affect patterns of labor supply among rural residents, and can help policymakers improve health policies aimed to reduce the number of uninsured farmers while maintaining high levels of labor supply, productivity, and health status among the most vulnerable of populations.
16
Balatsky, E. V., and N. A. Ekimova. "Russia in the World System of Labor Productivity." World of new economy 13, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2019-13-3-14-28.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the disposition of countries in the world system of labour productivity and the place of the Russian Federation in the current country hierarchy. It is noted that Russia is a typical representative of the semi-periphery (in the terminology of Wallerstein). Calculations show that in the period 1995–2005 the increase in labour productivity in Russia was 15% due to the factor of extensive growth in hours worked, i. e. due to the growth of labour exploitation. This process was reversed in the period 2006–2018 and ended in 2019 with the official proclamation by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev of the workweek reform in the direction of its reduction to four days. It opens an era of the socially oriented doctrine of productivity growth. However, the main problem of Russia is the slowed of technological progress and the slowdown in productivity growth. The analysis showed that the implementation of the target standards for labour productivity, indicated in the official regulations, will reduce the backlog of Russia from the core countries. Forecast calculations show that even under the most favourable circumstances, the country can become a full participant in the world market of advanced technologies only by 2038. Thus, we substantiated the thesis about the impossibility of rapid results in the implementation of Russia’s catch-up development strategy due to the extremely low level of its current technological base, which involves a strategy of step-by-step reforms of the process of technological re-equipment of the Russian economy.
17
Semmaila, Baharuddin. "KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, SOSIAL EKONOMI, BUDAYA DAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA INDUSTRI KECIL DI KOTA MAKASSAR." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 12, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2008.v12.i4.206.
Full textAbstract:
This research was to identify the working hours and productivity of labors from Bugis, Toraja, and Makassar in the small industries. In detail, the aims of the research were to know: 1) the influence of individual characteristic, health status, work environment and work ethos (spirit) toward the work productivity of the small industry labors; 2) the differences of the work productivity among ethnics in the small industries; and 3) the variables which have dominant influence toward the labors’ work productivity in the small industries. The population of this research were 3135 labors from garment and furniture ready-made industries, and the samples were 302 labors. The respondents were workers and employers. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS and AMOS programs and then the results were combined with the qualitative analysis. The research findings are: 1) the independent variables which influence significantly toward the work productivity of the small industry workers are work experience, dependency ratio, health status, weekly wages, work environment and work ethos. While the variables which do not influence the productivity are workers’ age, sex and length of education. The independent variables which influence dominantly toward the labor productivity are wages and health status. Good health status may indicate the increase of the productivity. And there are the significant differences of work productivity among labors from Bugis, Toraja, and Makassar because of their cultural effects.
18
Semmaila, Baharuddin. "KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, SOSIAL EKONOMI, BUDAYA DAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA INDUSTRI KECIL DI KOTA MAKASSAR." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 12, no. 4 (February 2, 2017): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2008.v12.i4.2094.
Full textAbstract:
This research was to identify the working hours and productivity of labors from Bugis, Toraja, and Makassar in the small industries. In detail, the aims of the research were to know: 1) the influence of individual characteristic, health status, work environment and work ethos (spirit) toward the work productivity of the small industry labors; 2) the differences of the work productivity among ethnics in the small industries; and 3) the variables which have dominant influence toward the labors’ work productivity in the small industries.The population of this research were 3135 labors from garment and furniture ready-made industries, and the samples were 302 labors. The respondents were workers and employers. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS and AMOS programs and then the results were combined with the qualitative analysis. The research findings are: 1) the independent variables which influence significantly toward the work productivity of the small industry workers are work experience, dependency ratio, health status, weekly wages, work environment and work ethos. While the variables which do not influence the productivity are workers’ age, sex and length of education. The independent variables which influence dominantly toward the labor productivity are wages and health status. Good health status may indicate the increase of the productivity. And there are the significant differences of work productivity among labors from Bugis, Toraja, and Makassar because of their cultural effects.
19
Galí, Jordi, and Luca Gambetti. "On the Sources of the Great Moderation." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 26–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.1.1.26.
Full textAbstract:
The Great Moderation in the US economy has been accompanied by large changes in the comovements among output, hours, and labor productivity. Those changes are reflected in both conditional and unconditional second moments as well as in the impulse responses to identified shocks. Among other changes, our findings point to an increase in the volatility of hours relative to output, a shrinking contribution of nontechnology shocks to output volatility, and a change in the cyclical response of labor productivity to those shocks. That evidence suggests a more complex picture than that associated with “good luck” explanations of the Great Moderation. (JEL: E23, E24, J22, J24)
20
Putri, Andini Utari. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja (Studi Kasus pada Usaha Roti Donat Eve Bakery di Palembang)." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini 11, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36982/jiegmk.v11i1.1060.
Full textAbstract:
<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>ABSTRACT</span></p><p><span>This study aims to investigate the effect of factors of wages, working hours and work experience on labor productivity. This study uses primary data taken directly to the object of research in the form of productivity data generated by the workforce, the level of wages obtained, hours worked, and work experience owned by the workforce and also the level of education owned by the workforce. To estimate the factors that affect labor productivity, the analysis model used is ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis. The results showed that the wage variable had a positive and significant effect on labor productivity in the Eve Bakery donat business with a coefficient of 1.1628 = 5%. Regression coefficient of 1.1628, meaning that if there is an increase in the wage level of 1% it will increase labor productivity by 1.1628. Work hours variable has a positive effect on labor productivity by 0.6784, which means that if working hours increase by 1%, the level of labor productivity will increase by 0.6784%. The work experience variable also has a positive effect on labor productivity by 0.1255, which means that if this workforce experience increases by 1% it will increase the level of labor productivity by 0.1255%.</span></p><p><span>Keywords: </span><span>Productivity, Workforce, Wages, Experience </span><span>ABSTRAK</span></p><p><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh faktor upah, jam kerja dan pengalaman kerja terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diambil secara langsung ke objek penelitian berupa data produktivitas yang dihasilkan tenaga kerja tersebut, tingkat upah yang diperoleh, jam kerja yang digunakan, dan pengalaman kerja yang dimiliki tenaga kerja tersebut dan juga tingkat pendidikan yang dimiliki tenaga kerja tersebut. Untuk mengestimasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas tenaga kerja, model analisis yang digunakan adalah analisa regresi berganda atau ordinary least square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Variabel upah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja pada usaha roti donat Eve Bakery dengan nilai koefisien 1,1628= 5%. Nilai koefisien regresi sebesar1,1628, artinya bila terjadi panambahan tingkat upah sebesar 1% maka akan meningkatkan produktivitas tenaga kerja sebesar 1,1628. Variabel jam kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja sebesar 0,6784, yang artinya bila jam kerja bertambah 1% maka tingkat produktivitas tenaga kerja akan naik sebesar 0,6784%</span><span>. </span><span>Variabel pengalaman kerja juga berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja sebesar 0,1255, yang artinya bila pengalaman tenaga kerja ini bertambah 1% maka akan menaikkan tingkat produktivitas tenaga kerja sebesar 0,1255 %.</span></p></div></div><img src="blob:http://ejournal.uigm.ac.id/73de3ab7-a2d7-4970-aeaf-501b376f87f8" alt="page1image32027200" width="77.040000" height="0.480000" /><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Kata Kunci: </span><span>Produktivitas, Tenaga Kerja, Upah, Pengalaman</span></p></div></div></div>
21
Bruneau, Catherine, and Pierre-Luis Girard. "Labor Productivity in France: Is the Slowdown of its Growth Inevitable or are there Levers to fight it?" Athens Journal of Business & Economics 7, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.7-1-1.
Full textAbstract:
Labour productivity in most advanced countries has slowed in successive stages since the 1970’s and, after the 2008 crisis, it has reached its lowest level since World War II. Here we analyze the trend evolution of the aggregate labor productivity per hour worked in France, over the last four decades, with two main questions. 1) Is the slowdown of labor productivity growth a process which began far before the Great Recession and should it continue with just temporary yet persistent effects of the 2008 crisis and 2) are there levers to reverse the current trend? We proceed in two steps. First, the trend (log) productivity is described as a deterministic piecewise linear function of time, involving so-called structural breaks, and, second, without breaks, as a linear function of fundamentals derived from an augmented growth model including Human capital. We propose a thorough econometric investigation with multiple robustness analyses involving sector-specific analyses. The structural specifica-tion we retain is able to explain the evolution of labor productivity over the last four decades. The accumulation of human capital has been the main driver of productivity growth over the period of interest while France is close to the technological frontier.
22
Syafitri, Wildan. "Analisa Produktifitas Tenaga Kerja Sektor Manufaktur di Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v3i2.411.
Full textAbstract:
Labor productivity could be direct measurement of human capital quality as it shows the amount of output that the labor can produce. McConnel and Brue (1995) define labor productivity as ratio between produced output and working hour at certain level of wage. Our research try to analyze the labor productivity on manufacture sector and its explanatory variables by applying cross section data of medium scale industries on 1996 in Indonesia. The estimation result shows the positive significance of education level, the more educated labor will yield higher productivity. We also try to internalize gender issue and we find the more female worker employed, the less productivity of labor force, and consequently will lowering the wage level. Those findings conform not only Human Capital theory by Nelson-Phelps (1966), Lucas (1998) and Aghion and Howitt (1998), but also conform the theory of wage discrimination based on gender as previously stated by Byron and Takahashi (1989) and Hansen and Wahlberg (1997).
23
Zolotov, Aleksandr V. "On the studies of the regular character, factors, effects and perspectives of the working time dynamics in modern economy." POPULATION 23, no. 3 (2020): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.3.14.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines a significant array of the scientific works devoted to different aspects of the working time dynamics. The conclusion is made that the main measure of this dynamics is the average number of hours worked per worker. This indicator can be used for analysis of all periods of labor activity including seniority. It is stated that the research on the problem shows a long-run trend of working time reduction. The works devoted to the topic also consider other factors affecting length of work: increase of labor productivity, influence of income effect and substitution effect on individual labor supply, motivation of employers, role of trade unions and collective bargaining, labor legislation. There are presented approaches to explanation of differences in the dynamics of working time in the USA and in West Europe. It is taken into account that the working time reduction during the past decades is characterized as one of the preconditions of pension reforms. There are considered works that contain analysis of the effects caused by the changes in working time length, including their impact on workers' health, work-life balance, gender inequality, unemployment rate, labor productivity, environment, perception the life as happy. The article shows a significant interest of researchers to perspectives of the working time dynamics in the context of analysis of J. M. Keynes's prediction about switch to 3-hour shifts by 2030. It is stated that the problem of perspectives of the working time dynamics is becoming one of the key issues in discussing the concept of Universal Basic Income. The article notes the attention of researchers to experiments on the working day reduction to 6 hours.
24
McDaniel, Cara. "Forces Shaping Hours Worked in the OECD, 1960–2004." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.3.4.27.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this paper is to examine the role of taxes and productivity growth as forces influencing market hours. To achieve this goal, the paper considers a calibrated growth model extended to include home production and subsistence consumption, both of which are found to be key features influencing market hours. The model is simulated for 15 OECD countries. The primary force driving changes in market hours is found to be changing labor income tax rates. Productivity catch-up relative to the United States is found to be an important secondary force. (JEL E24, H24, H31, J22, J24)
25
McGrattan, Ellen R., and Edward C. Prescott. "A Reassessment of Real Business Cycle Theory." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.177.
Full textAbstract:
During the downturn of 2008-2009, output and hours fell significantly, but labor productivity rose. These facts have led many to conclude that there is a significant deviation between observations and current macrotheories that assume business cycles are driven, at least in part, by fluctuations in total factor productivities of firms. We show that once investment in intangible capital is included in the analysis, there is no inconsistency. Measured labor productivity rises if the fall in output is underestimated; this occurs when there are large unmeasured intangible investments. Microevidence suggests that these investments are large and cyclically important.
26
Kufel-Gajda, Justyna. "THE TECHNOLOGY SHOCK AND THE POLISH FOOD SECTOR MARKUPS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2017.16.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the paper is to investigate an impact of a technology shock on a market power exerted in the Polish food industry, measured by monopolistic markups calculated based on a labor input margin with developments, as well as the Roeger markup, in the period 2002–2013. A structural vector auto regression model (SVAR) with productivity and hours in the Polish economy, and markups, was built. It was assumed that in the long-term only technology shock influences productivity, whereas shocks in markups make no impact on labor demand. After including labor markups developments, the technology shock seemed to increase the competition level, and the exerted market power rises over time. The positive sign of movement is opposed to results regarding unconditional cyclicality of markups in the food industry and in the whole Polish economy.
27
Heer, Burkhard, and Alfred Maußner. "Asset Returns, the Business Cycle and the Labor Market." German Economic Review 14, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 372–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2012.00582.x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We review the labor market implications of recent real-business cycle and New Keynesian models that successfully replicate the empirical equity premium. We document the fact that all models reviewed in this article that do not feature either sticky wages or immobile labor between two production sectors as in Boldrin et al. (2001) imply a negative correlation of working hours and output that is not observed empirically. Within the class of Neo-Keynesian models, sticky prices alone are demonstrated to be less successful than rigid nominal wages with respect to the modeling of the labor market stylized facts. In addition, monetary shocks in these models are required to be much more volatile than productivity shocks to match statistics from both the asset and labor market.
28
Bils, Mark, Peter J. Klenow, and Benjamin A. Malin. "Resurrecting the Role of the Product Market Wedge in Recessions." American Economic Review 108, no. 4-5 (April 1, 2018): 1118–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20151260.
Full textAbstract:
Employment and hours are more cyclical than dictated by productivity and consumption. This intratemporal labor wedge can arise from product or labor market distortions. Based on employee wages, the literature has attributed the intratemporal wedge almost entirely to labor market distortions. Because wages may be smoothed versions of labor's true cyclical price, we instead examine the self-employed and intermediate inputs, respectively. For recent decades in the United States, we find price markup movements are at least as cyclical as wage markup movements. Thus, countercyclical price markups deserve a central place in business-cycle research, alongside sticky wages and matching frictions. (JEL E24, E32, E63, J31, J41)
29
Eicher, Theo S., and Oliver Roehn. "Sources of the German Productivity Demise: Tracing the Effects of Industry-Level Information and Communication Technology Investment." German Economic Review 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2007.00405.x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract While the United States experienced two successive labor productivity surges in 1995 and 2000, Germany’s productivity declined dramatically during the same period. We examine the sources of Germany’s productivity demise using the ifo industry growth accounting database that provides detailed industry-level investment information. While much attention has focused on the reduction in German labor hours, our data show that information and communication technology (ICT) investment in Germany was deeply lacking in the mid-1990s as compared with the United States. The transition to the new economy mitigated the German productivity slowdown, but did not reverse it. After 2000, we find that a recovery in Non-ICT investment was offset by a widespread collapse in German total factor productivity. Over half of the German industries (accounting for almost 50 per cent of German output) experienced negative total factor productivity growth. This second major difference between the United States and German industry performance explains Germany’s secular departure from the technological frontier.
30
Jun Seog Hyun, 김원중, and Lee Sang Don. "Effects of Labor Productivity Shocks on Total Hours Worked and Wage: Manufacturing vs. Service Industries." Productivity Review 30, no. 2 (June 2016): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15843/kpapr.30.2.201606.53.
Full text
31
Zaikova, I. A. "The number of employed as a macroeconomic indicator of working time dynamics." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 16, no. 5 (May 28, 2020): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.5.935.
Full textAbstract:
Subject. The working time of workers at any stage of economic development is a value reflecting the level of labor productivity. Any progress in productivity contributes to changes in the volume of labor costs and the number of employed. Depending on the relationship between the total volume of labor costs and the number of employed, the duration of working time per one worker may change (it may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged). Objectives. The study aims to confirm the importance of such a macroeconomic indicator as the number of employed in varying working hours. Methods. The study rests on the comparative analysis of countries with developed economies based on some indicators like dynamics of the working time fund, dynamics of the number of employed, average number of hours worked during the year per employee, etc. The analyzed timespan is 25 years (from 1991 to 2016). Results. The comparative analysis revealed that in the non-production sphere and the economy as a whole the macroeconomic determinants correlate so that the length of working time per worker reduces. When considering the analysis results for the manufacturing sector, no single trend was identified. Conclusions. One of the key factors affecting the change in working hours is the number of employed. The relationship between the working time fund and the number of employed directly determines the dynamics of working time per worker.
32
Mundler, Patrick, and Jennifer Jean-Gagnon. "Short food supply chains, labor productivity and fair earnings: an impossible equation?" Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 6 (October 23, 2019): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170519000358.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGiven the limited number of middlemen in short food supply chains, producers marketing through such channels must carry out various tasks associated with production, processing (if applicable) and marketing. Since productivity increases with specialization, it is presumably difficult for such producers to achieve high levels of labor productivity in each of the tasks they perform (in terms of organizing the work and controlling for costs). This study reports on the results of a detailed analysis of the apparent labor productivity in each activity segment (production, processing and distribution) on farms in Quebec (Canada) that market through short food supply chains. We adapted the concept of a complex activity system and the Work Assessment method to reflect the context in Quebec and the unique features of integrated farming models based on direct marketing. In total, we analyzed work organization on 32 Quebec farms to determine how added value and work hours are allocated among different activity segments. Our analysis of apparent labor productivity highlights the heterogeneity of farms involved in direct marketing as every farm studied had a unique profile. In addition, work patterns reflected the background, choices and skillsets of farmers and different combinations of production factors were utilized. Overall, labor productivity was lower in production-related tasks, although this was often offset by higher productivity levels in other activity segments. Our results indicate that greater productivity in the areas of processing or distribution allows farms in short food supply chains to be financially sustainable. The findings of our study also confirm that farmers involved in direct marketing work hard to sustain their activity systems, even though net earnings are often low when compared to the amount of effort involved. However, farmers are partially compensated in other ways, such as through client appreciation and work enjoyment.
33
Sari, Lala Intan Gemala, Meizul Zuki, and Yusril Dany. "WORK PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT IN HOME INDUSTRY PIA CAKE ”XYZ”." Jurnal Agroindustri 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2013): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.3.1.31-44.
Full textAbstract:
The research objective is to obtain the new method with highest productivity; determine the normal and basis hour in order to get the best working hour with highest productivity; and to determine number of worker need in each section based on its workload to get the balance in production line. Time measurement was done using a technique based on stopwatch and workload measurement analysis method. The balancing of production line was done by trial and error method. Initial conditions in production line indicate an imbalance with 2312,18 seconds idle time, 51,60% efficiency of production line and 48,39% balance delay. The balancing of production line resulted 1585,77 seconds of idle time, 45% efficiency of production line and 55% balance delay. There are eight permanent workers in this home industry with labor productivity at station I is 6,42% units / man-hour before repairs and 8,57% units / man-hour after repairs, resulted the increase in productivity by 33,48%. Labor productivity at station II, III and IV before repairs is 87,5% and after repairs is 116,62% resulted the increase in labor productivity by 33,28%.
34
Foote, Christopher L. "Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: The Redistribution Recession: How Labor Market Distortions Contracted the Economy." Journal of Economic Literature 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.51.4.1183.r6.
Full textAbstract:
Christopher L. Foote of Federal Reserve Bank of Boston reviews, “The Redistribution Recession: How Labor Market Distortions Contracted the Economy” by Casey B. Mulligan. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the decline of employment in the United States after the financial crisis and its failure to recover and considers the role of economic activity and public policy. Discusses the rise of labor productivity; the expanding social safety net; supply and demand—labor market consequences of safety net expansions; means-tested subsidies and economic dynamics since 2007; cross-sectional patterns of employment and hours changes; Keynesian and other models of safety net stimulus; recession-era effects of factor supply and demand—evidence from the seasonal cycle, the construction market, and minimum wage hikes; incentives and compliance under the federal mortgage modification guidelines; and uncertainty, redistribution, and the labor market. Mulligan is Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago.”
35
Lewis, Vivien. "OPTIMAL MONETARY POLICY AND FIRM ENTRY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 17, no. 8 (August 30, 2012): 1687–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000272.
Full textAbstract:
This paper characterizes optimal monetary policy in an economy with endogenous firm entry, a cash-in-advance constraint, and preset wages. Firms must make profits to cover entry costs; thus the markup on goods prices is efficient. However, because leisure is not priced at a markup, the consumption–leisure trade-off is distorted. Consequently, the real wage, hours, and production are suboptimally low. Because of the labor requirement for entry, insufficient labor supply also implies that entry is too low. This paper shows that in the absence of fiscal instruments such as labor income subsidies, the optimal monetary policy achieves higher welfare under sticky wages than under flexible wages. The policy maker uses the money supply instrument to raise the real wage—the cost of leisure—above its flexible-wage level, in response to expansionary shocks to productivity and entry costs. This increases labor supply, expanding production and firm entry.
36
Shimmura, Takeshi, Syuichi Oura, Kenji Arai, Nobutada Fujii, Tomomi Nonaka, Takeshi Takenaka, and Takashi Tanizaki. "Multiproduct Traditional Japanese Cuisine Restaurant Improves Labor Productivity by Changing Cooking Processes According to Service Product Characteristics." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 4 (July 3, 2018): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0449.
Full textAbstract:
This study introduces three cooking process improvements for a multiproduct traditional Japanese cuisine restaurant to improve labor productivity and to assess relations between offered process changes and service product characteristics. Restaurant productivity is the lowest among service industries because restaurants are labor-intensive. Therefore, the industry is affected by service product characteristics. Combining line and cell cooking systems, batch cooking using partial freezers, and combining built-to-order and built-to-plan cooking are introduced into actual multiproduct traditional Japanese cuisine restaurants to change cooking operations and improve labor productivity. Results show that all cooking process changes reduce work hours. The correlation coefficient between work hour and sales revenue improved by line and cell cooking, but it is degraded by batch cooking and built-to-order and built-to-plan cooking. Line and cell cooking enhance simultaneity and reduce the influence of perishability because the system adopts hourly work hours to fluctuation of hourly sales by changing cooking systems (line/cell). However, the system does not resolve heterogeneity and intangibility difficulties because the system is intended to resolve quantitative difficulties of cooking operation systems. Batch cooking systems reduce the influence of simultaneity and perishability of service products because the method reduces cooking frequency using partial freezers. Furthermore, the system improves heterogeneity because the restaurant can provide head-chef-made dishes even if the chef is not working at the restaurant. However, the system does not resolve difficulties of intangibility because the system is not designed to improve customers’ subjective evaluation for service. Built-to-order and built-to-plan cooking reduce the respective influences of simultaneity, perishability, and heterogeneity of service products to some degree because built to plan teams also practice batch cooking using partial freezers. However, the system does not resolve the difficulty of intangibility because the system is not intended to improve customers’ subjective evaluation for service.
37
Ohyama, Katsumi, Junichi Yamaguchi, and Ayumi Enjoji. "Evaluating Labor Productivity in a Plant Production System with Sole-source Lighting: A Case Study." HortTechnology 28, no. 2 (April 2018): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03886-17.
Full textAbstract:
Labor productivity in terms of material value (weight of plants harvested per hour per person) was evaluated for 6 months from the start of operations in a research facility at Osaka Prefecture University (Osaka, Japan), serving as a model system for plant production with sole-source lighting (also referred to as a “vertical farm” or “plant factory”). The research facility is capable of producing lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa) at a maximum production rate of ≈5000 plants/day when the relative harvest rate (i.e., number of plants harvested/maximum potential number of plants harvested) is 100%. However, in the present study, the relative harvest rate at the research facility was in the range of 17% to 65% and labor productivity varied from 1.5 to 6.0 kg·h−1 per person. The evaluation results indicated that increasing the weight of plants harvested and increasing the relative harvest rate was necessary to maintain a high level of labor productivity. The processing time for harvesting was greatest among all plant operations, suggesting the need to reduce the time taken in this operation to increase the labor productivity in the research facility and in other plant production systems with sole-source lighting (PPSLs). This study demonstrates the importance of analyzing labor productivity for increasing the commercial feasibility of PPSLs. However, further long-term investigation with higher relative harvest rates is required for a more definitive conclusion.
38
Nekarda, Christopher J., and Valerie A. Ramey. "Industry Evidence on the Effects of Government Spending." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 36–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.3.1.36.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the effects of government purchases at the industry level in order to shed light on the transmission mechanism for government spending on the aggregate economy. We create a new panel dataset that matches output and labor variables to industry-specific shifts in government demand. An increase in government demand raises output and hours, lowers real product wages and labor productivity, and has no effect on the markup. The estimates also imply approximately constant returns to scale. The findings are more consistent with the effects of government spending in the neoclassical model than the textbook New Keynesian model. (JEL E12, E23, E62, H50)
39
Yulianty, Chindy, Fepy Supriani, and Agustin Gunawan. "ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PADA PEKERJAAN PASANGAN BATA PERUMAHAN TIPE 36 (Studi Kasus pada Perumahan Griya Putri Tanjung Kota Bengkulu)." Inersia: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 13, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijts.13.1.8-16.
Full textAbstract:
The process of housing development is inseparable from labor productivity. This study aimed to determine the value of LUR (Labor Utilization Rate), workgroup productivity, and dominant factors that influence the masonry work in Griya Putri Tanjung Housing. The method used in the research was field observations for six houses by observing the effective work time, contribution work time, and ineffective work time, calculating the area of bricklaying and questionnaires to 12 workers. The questionnaires were processed with SPSS 24. The results obtained showed that the highest worker utility factor (LUR) was on day 2 of 88.89%. The Average LUR in Putri Tanjung Griya Housing is greater than 50%, so the work utility factor reaches the effective time. The highest average productivity of each workforce is on the 3rd day by a productivity value of 1.51 m2/hour/person. The most dominant factor was the time factor and implementation conditions (up to 82%), then the physical factor of labor (32,8%), managerial (-24,1%), the background of the employee (19,1%). The lowest factor was the group factor and the expertise of the workforce by a percentage of influence of -17,5%. Keywords: housing, labor, bricklaying.
40
Scott, Samuel, Anjali Pant, Phuong Nguyen, Harold Alderman, Kapil Yadav, and Purnima Menon. "Anemia in Indian Men Predicts Fewer Work Hours and Lower Earnings: Evidence from Nationally Representative Health and Labor Surveys." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_065.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Anemia is globally recognized as an important public health problem in women and children, thus the consequences of anemia have predominantly been described in these two groups. India's large population, high anemia prevalence and male-dominated workforce imply that productivity consequences of anemia in men could have large implications. We sought to explore the association between local anemia rates and productivity outcomes in Indian men. Methods Data on anemia were from the 2015–2016 National Family Household Survey (NFHS) and data on productivity outcomes—number of hours works and total earnings in the last week—were from the 2017–2018 Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), for a combined sample of 245,073 men aged 15–54 years. NFHS was collapsed at three levels (district, urban/rural, and five-year age brackets; n = 9818) and then merged with the full PLFS sample to generate an analytical sample of 135,500 observations. We report sample means using survey weights. Individual-level productivity outcomes were regressed on means from the collapsed data using ordinary least squares regression, adjusting for state of residence, age and education. The primary predictor was anemia quintile, with anemia defined as hemoglobin below 130 g/L from a finger-prick blood sample. Results Anemia affected 23% of men aged 15–54 years in India in 2016 and was more common in rural (25%) than urban (19%) areas. On average, men worked 51.5 hours and earned 2430 Indian Rupees in the last week. In the adjusted models, being in the top quintile of anemia prevalence (ref: lowest quintile) predicted 2.1 fewer hours worked (95% CI 1.5–2.8) and 240 less rupees earned (95% CI 173–307) in the last week (P < 0.001 for both). These effects translate to 4% lost work hours and 10% lost earnings related to anemia. Conclusions Nearly one in four men are anemic in India and our findings suggest that anemia is associated with reduced productivity at the population level. Anemia reduction policies and programs in India should work toward the inclusion of men. Funding Sources Agriculture for Nutrition and Health/IFPRI.
41
Варшавская, Елена, and Elena Varshavskaya. "EMPLOYMENT IN THE RUSSIAN INDUSTRY OVER THE PERIOD OF 2000 - 2014: LEVEL, DYNAMICS, FLEXIBILITY." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2016, no. 1 (June 25, 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2016-1-39-45.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses how employment in the Russian industry evolved over the period of 2000 - 2014. It starts with tracing one of the key labor market indicators: the level and dynamics of employment. Total employment in the Russian industry and employment in firms and enterprises (i.e. in the formal sector) declined over the whole period of 2000 - 2014. But employment in the informal sector was on the rise. The reallocation of labor into informality reduces productivity and growth. Then the author analyzes how the Russian industrial enterprises adapted to the output fall during the 2008 - 2009 economic crisis. Firms did this in three major ways. First, Russian firms froze new hires without active use of involuntary labor shedding. The second way is cutting working hours as firms shifted their personnel into administrative leaves or into short-time work. The third way is flexible wages.
42
Siegenthaler, Michael. "Has Switzerland Really Been Marked by Low Productivity Growth? Hours Worked and Labor Productivity in Switzerland in a Long-run Perspective." Review of Income and Wealth 61, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12120.
Full text
43
Adegbola, Yai Ulrich, Paul R. Fisher, and Alan W. Hodges. "Benchmarking the Efficiency of Transplanting Plant Cuttings at Large Young Plant Greenhouse Operations." HortScience 53, no. 8 (August 2018): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12183-18.
Full textAbstract:
Transplanting of unrooted cuttings into trays filled with root substrate is an initial process in the production of rooted cuttings. There is potential for companies producing transplants to decrease production costs and increase profit margins by improving the labor efficiency of this process; however, benchmarking between firms is lacking. This study focused on benchmarking labor productivity for transplanting cuttings at young plant operations and identifying key factors that differentiate efficiency between businesses. Data were collected on the transplanting process of 14 U.S. young plant greenhouse companies during their peak production week in 2016. Companies surveyed included nine operations producing bedding plants (BPs) as the major type of transplant. The total weekly labor allocated to transplant cuttings averaged 2109 ± 449 hours (mean ± se) at a labor cost of $26,392 ± $5842 to transplant 1,316,111 ± 273,377 cuttings, resulting in a labor cost of $0.023 ± $0.003 per cutting. For steps within the process of assembling a transplanted tray of cuttings, receiving and handling unrooted cuttings was 3% of the total labor cost, filling trays with root substrate was 8%, inserting cuttings into the root substrate was 70%, supervising was 10%, and moving assembled trays to the greenhouse bench was 8%. The labor cost per cutting varied nearly 5-fold between growers, from $0.010 to $0.049, indicating potential for improved efficiency in higher cost locations. Differences in the labor cost between firms resulted from factors including the plant type produced in each location, with greater handling and grading required for tissue culture and herbaceous perennials compared with BP cuttings, and differences in the hourly labor cost to the business which ranged from $9.23 to $18.66 between locations. Although other factors such as training, available labor pool, and lean manufacturing optimization were observed to affect labor efficiency at individual locations, it was not possible to quantify these effects using the survey approach taken. Benchmarked figures can be used to highlight opportunities to improve labor efficiency and decrease production costs, and to evaluate return on investment for alternative labor-saving approaches including robotic transplanting.
44
Mahmood, Shahid, Syed M. Ahmed, Kamalesh Panthi, and Nadeem Ishaque Kureshi. "Determining the cost of poor quality and its impact on productivity and profitability." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2014): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-09-2013-0034.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how effectively the cost appraisal system proposed measures the cost of poor quality (COPQ) in a construction project. The paper first formulates how COPQ can be measured and later clarifies the relationship between COPQ, labor productivity, and profitability. Design/methodology/approach – In order to measure COPQ, the researchers prepared data entry forms for recording COPQ items on a daily basis and formulated the cost contribution of lost material, lost man-hours, lost machinery hours, and lost overhead on the overall COPQ for the project. The proposed method was then applied in a case study. Findings – The results showed that, for the 60-days study period, COPQ decreased by about 24 percent while labor productivity and profitability increased by about 17 and 11 percent, respectively, after the implementation of COPQ measuring system. This study further supports the use of the COPQ system in construction projects as a mechanism to facilitate continuous improvement. Originality/value – COPQ is a major cost that is often ignored in construction projects due to the difficulty of measuring it. This paper presents a COPQ measuring and recording system capable of identifying COPQ. The implementation of the system is shown to increase productivity and profitability as demonstrated by the project used for the case study.
45
Rosnick, David, and Mark Weisbrot. "Are Shorter Work Hours Good for the Environment? A Comparison of U.S. and European Energy Consumption." International Journal of Health Services 37, no. 3 (July 2007): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/d842-1505-1k86-9882.
Full textAbstract:
European employees work fewer hours per year, and use less energy per person, than their American counterparts. This article compares the European and U.S. models of labor productivity, supply, and energy consumption. It finds that if employees in the EU-15 worked as many hours as those in the United States, they would consume at least 15 percent more energy. This aspect of the debate over Europe's economic model reaches globally. Over the coming decades, developing countries will decide how to make use of their increasing productivity. If, by 2050, the world works as do Americans, total energy consumption could be 15 to 30 percent higher than it would be if following a more European model. Translated directly into higher carbon emissions, this could mean an additional 1 to 2 degrees Celsius in global warming.
46
Voth, Hans-Joachim. "Time and Work in Eighteenth-Century London." Journal of Economic History 58, no. 1 (March 1998): 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700019872.
Full textAbstract:
Witnesses' accounts are used to analyze changes in working hours between 1750 and 1800. Two findings stand out. The article demonstrates that the information contained in witnesses' accounts allows us to reconstruct historical time-budgets and provides extensive tests of the new method. Estimates of annual labor input in 1749/63 and 1799/1803 are presented. It emerges that the number of annual working hours changed rapidly between the middle and the of the eighteenth century. These findings have important implications for the issue of total factor productivity during the Industrial Revolution.
47
Rosenband, Leonard N. "The Industrious Revolution: A Concept Too Many?" International Labor and Working-Class History 90 (2016): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754791600017x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMuch of the recent debate in early modern European labor and economic history has centered on Jan de Vries’s concept of the industrious revolution. Briefly, he claimed that workers during the period 1650-1800 chose to labor longer hours, often at greater intensity, in order to consume novel manufactured goods and imported commodities. Moreover, plebeian families increasingly pursued new employments beyond the household to pay for these objects. As a result, men, women, and children spent ever more hours in waged labor, and their growing purchasing power proved decisive in stimulating large-scale European industrialization. My work on the history of French and English papermaking raises fundamental challenges to this model. First, paperworkers already labored exhausting hours at the outset of de Vries’s period of newfound industriousness. Second, masters and workers alike knew that they had to both “speed up” and “take their time” to turn out quality paper at the expected rate. Third, women and adolescent workers toiled for wages in paper mills long before the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the eve of large-scale mechanization, enduring shopfloor realities, skills, and quotas prevented a surge of productivity beyond papermaking’s familiar standards. With the demand for paper rising rapidly, it was the absence of an industrious revolution in papermaking that turned the manufacturers’ attention first to enlarged mills and small technological shifts, and finally, to the development of a papermaking machine.
48
Golovan, Valentin, Mariya Galicheva, Denis Osepchuk, Tamara Nepshekueva, and Aleksandr Suvorov. "Cows‘ milk productivity determining method." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017503001.
Full textAbstract:
Cows’ milk productivity determining method of includes: determining the amount of milk during control milking, milk sampling and analyzing its fat and protein content for each milking, they are the same indicators for the day; calculating the conversion coefficients of milk amount and the mass fraction of fat and protein for each milking into daily indicators. Then one control milking is performed per day, and the same indicator is calculated for the same type of feeding, maintenance, and milking based on its indicators multiplied by the Corresponding coefficient. The time intervals between milking being unequal, milk productivity is more accurately determined by a single milk yield after a longer interval between them. For this method, milk cows are taken from the tenth day of lactation and more. The method allows reducing labor costs and working hours of operators and laboratory assistants to daily determine the dairy productivity of cows, as well as to reduce the stress load on animals.
49
Lestari, Yuza Elfa, Ahmad Rifai, and Didi Muwardi. "Analysis Productivity of Palm Oil Processing with Marvin E. Mundel Method." Journal of Agribusiness and Community Empowerment 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jace.v2i2.66.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to know the productivity of palm oil processing, evaluated the productivity and give solutions improved productivity of palm oil processing in PTPN V Sungai Pagar district of Kampar Kiri Kampar Regency. The productivity measurement method used is the Marvin E. Mundel method. Measurement of productivity by setting the month of January 2016 as the basis period of the partial results obtained the highest productivity index of 160.13% February 2017 for depreciation, amounting to 132.16% July 2016 for materials, amounting to 258.26% January 2017 for labor, of 273.12% January 2017 for energy, amounted to 263.04% and September 2016 for maintenance.While the lowest partial productivity index of 93.93% December 2017 for depreciation, amounting to 94.07% February 2017 for the material, to 65.00% June 2016 for labor, of 66.25%, June 2016 for energy, and of 67.43% April 2016 for maintenance. The highest total productivity index was reached in February, 2017 of 133.70% and lowest in February 2016 of 94.24%. Solutions for increasing the productivity of palm oil processing: 1) increasing the number of FFB processed by paying attention to the quality of the fruit to be received 2) improving control of employee work, 3) making service schedules for PKS machines and equipment, 4) processing activities carried out in accordance with the maximum hours of processing PKS, 5) repair of production floor and loading ramp, 6) hold socialization in KUD/farmer groups and communities around PKS area, 7) improve company relations with partners, and 8) make improvements to the division of work shifts.
50
Nurwantara, Ma'ruf Pambudi. "Productivity Analysis Of Coffee Production Process With Objective Matrix (Omax) Method (The Case Study at PT. Perkebunan Kandangan, Pulosari Panggungsari, Madiun)." SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) 2, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/seas.2.1.538.18-26.
Full textAbstract:
Production activities each company are expecting the creation of productivity. This research was aims to determine levels of total and partial productivity by using Objective Matrix and propose improvements. The study was conducted at Perkebunan Kandangan Pulosari Panggungsari plantations began from January to April 2015. The data gathered consist of secondary data and primary data. Elements analyzed the productivity of human, machine, wood fuel and diesel fuel.
The results showed that the value of productivity was experiencing fluctuating, the value of total productivity in the processing of coffee by 6.660. Partial productivity value on the human element of 1.635, 1.463 for labor, fuelwood amounted to 1,162, working hours standing to 0.894 generator engines and diesel fuel of 1.49. Proposed improvements that can be done by optimizing the number and performance of every element of productivity.