Academic literature on the topic 'House-Tree-Person Technique'

The purpose of this study was to determine if the House-Tree-Person Projective Technique (H-T-P) was a valid and efficient method for identifying a problem list for occupational therapy (OT) treatment. In order to do this, a comparative study using blinded procedures was carried out. Forty acute psychiatric clients were administered the H-T-P by a trained research officer who knew nothing about the clients. They were also given an OT assessment by their therapist and a nursing evaluation by their assigned nurse. In each case, a problem list was generated. These were compared for percentage agreement between problems, percentage of problems accounted for and the length of time required to generate the various lists. The percentage agreement between H-T-P and Nursing and between H-T-P and OT generated problem lists was 32.88 and 47.18, respectively. Percentage of problems accounted for was 66.42 and 75.19, respectively. The differences were discussed. The time required to administer the H-T-P was considerably less than administration time for the traditional occupational therapy assessment. In conclusion, the H-T-P was found to be a valuable screening tool.

We developed a scoring scale for the method of total impression of projective drawing. We focused especially on the Synthetic House-Tree-Person (S-HTP) projective drawing technique. First, we asked 7 clinical psychology graduate students to write down key words that they associated with total impressions of S-HTP drawings. Second, we selected 35 items based on these words and developed the Scale for Total Impression of Drawings (STID). Using the STID, 6 clinical psychologists rated 30 S-HTP pictures drawn by Japanese junior high school students. Finally, we selected 12 descriptive words as items and results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the STID was divided into 4 subscales we labeled as vitality, reality, themes, and gentleness. These converged with 2 higher factors of emotional stability and context consistency. Fit indexes of the model were sufficient.

We investigated the hypotheses that windows, doors, pathways, and size of the house in the House drawing of the House-Tree-Person projective drawing technique reflect psychological and social accessibility by correlating these variables with the Social Introversion scale of the MMPI–2. Subjects were 153 nonclinical, community adults, and 146 clinical patients currently receiving mental health services. While there were strong correlations among these figure-drawing variables, suggesting some common underlying dimension, these scores were not significantly correlated with psychological accessibility as measured by the Si scale of the MMPI–2. Possible interpretations were suggested.

Individu has problems in life. Inability of the individual to express their feelings can be unfinished business problems. In this case subject have an anger on the father that cause a bad interaction with him and juvenile delinquency. Assessment methods were observation, interview, Clinical Anger Scale, Draw a Person, Baum, House Tree Person and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. It can be said that the subject can not express the feeling to the father, so it becomes an unfinished business. The intervention used in this case was Gestalt Therapy with Empty Chair technique. This therapy was able to facilitate the subject in revealing unfinished business related problem with the father. The results of the intervention showed that the level of anger of the subject decreases.

The way children portray emotions in their drawings of human and nonhuman topics is assumed to reflect their artistic, emotional, and cognitive development. This study was designed to investigate the development of expressive drawings during childhood and into adolescence, using a large age range (5–15 years) and sample size (N=480), so as to provide a precise and comprehensive view of age-related changes in children’s ability to produce expressive drawings. More specifically, we focused on children’s developing ability to use the techniques of literal and metaphorical expression, either alone or in combination. We also examined the effects of sex, topics (house, tree, or person), and the depicted emotion (happiness or sadness) on the use of each expressive technique. The main findings were that there is a developmental shift between childhood (5–10 years) and adolescence (11–15 years) in the use of expressive techniques, from simple (literal) to more complex forms of expression (metaphorical).

The article presents the results of the study of the personal socio-psychological features in the bailiff service officers. The study involved 675 bailiff executors, 410 men (60.7%) and 265 women (39.3%) aged 21 to 59 years. In our study, we used a number of diagnosis tools, such as MMPI - a multifactorial questionnaire for the personality study, Brief Indicative Selection Test developed by V.N. Buzin and E.F. Wonderlic, K. Leonhard - N. Shmishek diagnostic test to determine character accentuations, the projective technique "House-Tree-Person" by J. Book, as well as observations and interviews. Our study revealed mean indicators of intellectual development level related to the range of values "above average", absence of pronounced character accentuations with a tendency to hypertension and demonstrativeness and risks of a tendency to depression and rigidity. The analysis showed the relationship of certain characteristics to the subjects’ age and gender. Factor analysis identified the major social and psychological personality traits of bailiffs which are the most significant for their professional activities. The study results can be used for professional psychological selection of bailiff service officers, their psychological support and the development of techniques in order to prevent burnout syndrome and professional deformation.

The article presents a completely empirical approach to using drawings and associations as a supplemental tool in forensic psychological assessment. The present system represents a modern alternative to prior theory-driven “projective technique” approaches that have failed to pass scientific scrutiny. Using an archival sample of 252 forensic cases, House-Tree-Person drawing protocols were scored according to preliminary test items developed from published handbooks, academic courses, and workshops on the use of drawings and related associations for assessment. Intermediate test items were selected according to their being significantly correlated with at least one external psychometric, behavioral, or clinical variable. Psychometric and editorial considerations guided the development of a final set of 66 test items. A “flagged for pathology” approach demonstrated modest convergent and discriminant validity for the final set of test items against clinical criteria on an independent sample of 150 cases of the same type used in the preliminary item development phase. Included are sample items and discussion of psychometric issues in working with this class of data.

Internet Gaming Disorder refers to persistent and repeated involvement in video games that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress as demonstrated by five (or more) of the nine criteria over a 12-month period. The purpose of this study was to reduce the intensity of using mobile phones to play online games on teenage clients. The subjects in this study were four male adolescent subjects aged 13-15 years. The assessment methods used were clinical interviews, observations, graphic tests (BAUM, DAP (draw a person) and HTP (house tree person)) and the Game Addiction Scale (GAS). The intervention technique used was a self-help group. The results of the intervention showed a decrease in the intensity of using mobile phones to play online games. Internet gaming disorder mengacu pada keterlibatan terus-menerus dan berulang dalam video game yang menyebabkan gangguan atau tekanan yang signifikan secara klinis seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh lima (atau lebih) dari sembilan kriteria selama periode 12 bulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengurangi intensitas penggunaan telepon seluler untuk bermain game online pada klien remaja. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah empat orang subjek remaja laki-laki berusia 13-15 tahun. Metode penilaian yang digunakan adalah wawancara klinis, observasi, tes grafis (BAUM, DAP (menggambar orang) dan HTP (rumah pohon)) dan Game Addiction Scale (GAS). Teknik intervensi yang digunakan adalah self-help group. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan adanya penurunan intensitas penggunaan ponsel untuk bermain game online.

The House-Tree-Person (HTP) sketch test is a psychological analysis technique designed to assess the mental health status of test subjects. Nowadays, there are mature methods for the recognition of depression using the HTP sketch test. However, existing works primarily rely on manual analysis of drawing features, which has the drawbacks of strong subjectivity and low automation. Only a small number of works automatically recognize depression using machine learning and deep learning methods, but their complex data preprocessing pipelines and multi-stage computational processes indicate a relatively low level of automation. To overcome the above issues, we present a novel deep learning-based one-stage approach for depression recognition in HTP sketches, which has a simple data preprocessing pipeline and calculation process with a high accuracy rate. In terms of data, we use a hand-drawn HTP sketch dataset, which contains drawings of normal people and patients with depression. In the model aspect, we design a novel network called Feature-Enhanced Bi-Level Attention Network (FBANet), which contains feature enhancement and bi-level attention modules. Due to the limited size of the collected data, transfer learning is employed, where the model is pre-trained on a large-scale sketch dataset and fine-tuned on the HTP sketch dataset. On the HTP sketch dataset, utilizing cross-validation, FBANet achieves a maximum accuracy of 99.07% on the validation dataset, with an average accuracy of 97.71%, outperforming traditional classification models and previous works. In summary, the proposed FBANet, after pre-training, demonstrates superior performance on the HTP sketch dataset and is expected to be a method for the auxiliary diagnosis of depression.

The family and its important role in the development of the child is the inspiration for many types of research that have the intention to emphasize certain aspects of family life and the consequences of the family relations in the development of the children.The issue of this research is to find out if there is a connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and self-concept in the children of early school age. The research is conducted on 30 children of single-parent families. The children of these single-parent families are children who have lived in families with conflicts and they have been direct or indirect participants in the conflict of the divorced parents.In the process of research, we applied projective techniques: Machover which consists of drawing a person’s figure, as well as a drawing a house and a tree-HTP (House-Tree-Person).The results are obtained through qualitative analysis and interpretation of each drawing particularly.During the investigation the relation between the variables, it is confirmed that there is a considerable connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and the self-concept in children. It is confirmed, during the process that the children of divorced parents from negative self-concept. In children of single-parent families it is indicated that this group of children in relation to the psychological picture for themselves presented the following characteristics: lowered EGO, mechanisms for defense, feeling of insecurity, low self-confidence, aggressiveness, great virility, and caution.

Apesar dos avanços médicos, o câncer ainda é sinônimo de morte, o que acarreta dificuldades no enfrentamento da doença em suas diferentes fases, que começam a partir do momento do diagnóstico. Propõe-se um estudo aprofundado sobre as formas com as quais a criança com câncer lida e enfrenta a doença, bem como expressões emocionais e os recursos psicológicos presentes no processo de adoecimento. Partiu-se da hipótese de que o adoecimento por doença grave na infância acarrete prejuízos no desenvolvimento psicológico dessas crianças. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma instituição filantrópica de apoio à criança com câncer, em um ambulatório especializado em onco-hematologia da rede pública e em uma escola pública do Estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliadas, no total, 60 crianças, sendo 30 crianças da população escolar para o grupo controle e 30 crianças do grupo clínico, com diagnósticos diversos de câncer, com idades entre 7 e 13 anos, de ambos os sexos. Foi realizada uma entrevista individual com cada criança, em que foram aplicados o H-T-P (Teste do Desenho da Casa-Árvore-Pessoa) e o Teste do Desenho da Pessoa na Chuva. Também foram considerados os familiares das crianças com câncer, totalizando a participação de 32 familiares, com os quais foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada. Foram utilizados o Método Quantitativo e Qualitativo para análise dos resultados, a partir da abordagem psicanalítica, em que foi feita uma comparação entre o grupo clínico e o grupo controle. Os desenhos das crianças foram analisados quantitativamente, enquanto, para os dados obtidos a partir das entrevistas semiestruturadas com os familiares, utilizou-se a análise qualitativa. Foi realizada uma comparação, por meio da análise estatística, entre as produções gráficas dos grupos controle e clínico. Os resultados revelaram, nas crianças com câncer, em comparação com as crianças sem a doença, a presença de maior desequilíbrio intra e interpessoal, pobre ou fuga do contato com a realidade, falta de recursos para obter satisfação do meio, sobrecarga emocional, instabilidade e desequilíbrio emocional e sentimentos de insegurança, impotência e viii desproteção, além de dificuldades em entrar em contato com o próprio corpo. O trabalho demonstra o impacto no desenvolvimento psicológico e os recursos presentes na criança com câncer. Conclui-se que, devido a um crescente número de sobreviventes de câncer infantil, torna-se importante pensar em formas de tratamento que preservem não só a vida e o corpo, mas também as dimensões psicológicas e sociais; desse modo, o tratamento deve visar o ser biopsicossocial, sendo necessário se pensar na qualidade de vida dessas crianças durante e após o tratamento. Essa criança sobrevivente terá ainda uma vida pela frente e essa vida tem de poder ser usufruída com menor número de sequelas e com a melhor qualidade possível. O estudo presente traz contribuições para a área científica e clínica de atuação junto às crianças com câncer e seus familiares
Despite medical advances, cancer is still synonymous with death, which causes difficulties in coping with the disease in its different phases that begin at the time of diagnosis. An in-depth study is proposed, investigating approaches employed by the child with cancer to deal and face the disease, as well as the emotional expressions and psychological resources present in the process of becoming ill. It is hypothesized that severe illness in childhood leads to losses in the psychological development of these children. Data collection was performed at a philanthropic institution in support of children with cancer, in an outpatient clinic specializing in public network onco-hematology and at a public school in the state of São Paulo. A total of 60 children were evaluated, including 30 children from the school population for the control group and 30 children with different diagnoses of cancer for the clinical group. Children were between 7 and 13 years of age, from both sexes. An individual interview was conducted with each child, in which the H-T-P (House-Tree-Person Drawing) and the Person\'s Drawing Test in the Rain were applied. Family members of children with cancer were also considered, totaling the participation of 32 family members, with whom a semi-structured interview was conducted. Quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized to analyze the results, based on the psychoanalytic approach, in which a comparison was made between the clinical group and the control group. The children\'s drawings were analyzed quantitatively, while the qualitative analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from the semi-structured interviews with the family members. The study employed statistical analyses (Chi-square and Student´s t test) to compare drawings from both groups. The results revealed the presence of greater intra and interpersonal imbalance in children with cancer, compared to children without the disease. Also, children with cancer demonstrated poor contact with reality, lack of resources to obtain environmental satisfaction, emotional overload, instability and emotional imbalance, feelings of insecurity, impotence and lack of protection, and difficulties in getting in touch with their own body. The results x demonstrate the impact of the diagnosis on the psychological development of the children with cancer. It is possible to conclude that, due to an increasing number of survivors of childhood cancer, it is important to develop new methods of treatment that preserve not only the physical aspect, but also the psychological and social domains. Therefore, treatment should aim at the biopsychosocial aspect of these children, considering quality of life pre and post-treatment and that this \"survivor\" child still has a whole life ahead of him/her, which should be enjoyed with as fewer sequels as possible and with the best quality possible. The present study brings contributions to the scientific literature and the clinical area, providing insights about children with cancer and their relatives

Por meio do Psicodiagnóstico pretendemos estudar os aspectos psíquicos em pacientes com dor lombar devido à hérnia de disco. Os sujeitos são três pacientes, encaminhadas à seção de Psicologia do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (HSPE), pelo grupo de coluna da clínica de Neurocirurgia. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas ao exame clínico, a ressonância magnética e ao Psicodiagnóstico. O Psicodiagnóstico é composto por entrevistas e o teste projetivo H.T.P. (House, Tree, Person). Utilizaremos o referencial teórico psicanalítico para avaliar e analisar o material clínico obtido no Psicodiagnóstico. Os resultados visam possibilitar a compreensão da subjetividade da dor, evidenciando o sentido que o sintoma doloroso representa para esses sujeitos, e contribuir para o direcionamento da conduta terapêutica.
Through Psychodiagnosis we intend to study the psychics aspects regarding with lumbar pain due to a disk hernia. The subjects are three patients, sent to the Psychology Ward of the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (HSPE) by the group of doctors of the Neurosurgery Clinic. All patients go through a clinical test, magnetic resonance and Psychodiagnosis. Psychodiagnosis consists of interviews and the H.T.P. (House, Tree, Person) projective test. We will make use of the theoretical psychoanalitical references to evaluate and analyze the clinical material from the Psychodiagnosis. The results aim at making it possible to understand the subjectivity of pain showing what the painful symptom means to those subjects, and at contributing to the guidance of the therapeutical conduct.