Journal articles: 'Housefly – Control'

1

Wall, Richard, and Julia Howard. "Autosterilization for Control of the Housefly Musca domestica." Journal of Theoretical Biology 171, no. 4 (December 1994): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1994.1247.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cakir, G., O. Yavuz, and O. Kocak. "Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide and Tetramethrin Combinations on Biological Activities of Selected Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides against Different Housefly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) Populations." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 3 (2008): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877030467.

Full text

Abstract:

Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a methylenedioxyphenyl compound, is primarily used as a synergist in combination with space spray, residual and admixture products for the control of insect pests in or around domestic and commercial premises, especially food preparation areas. Also, tetramethrin is known as a knockdown agent on target organism and it is generally used with piperonyl butoxide. In this study, effects of piperonyl butoxide and tetramethrin combinations on biological activities of synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin against different housefly (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) populations were evaluated. In addition, the biological efficiency of the insecticides used in the study, insecticide + PBO and insecticide + PBO + tetramethrin combinations, against the WHO standard sensitive housefly population and housefly populations collected from different parts of Turkey were compared. Results showed that PBO extensively promoted the ratio of knockdown and killing effect values of the insecticides. The results also indicated that PBO and PBO + tetramethrin combinations moderately reduced the knockdown effect times of all formulation in all housefly populations. The knockdown effect times were more decreased by insecticide + PBO + tetramethrin combinations than insecticides that are used alone and insecticide + PBO combinations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Siegenthaler, Christina, Peter Maroy, Monika Hediger, Andreas Dübendorfer, and Daniel Bopp. "Hormones and Sex-Specific Transcription Factors Jointly Control Yolk Protein Synthesis in Musca domestica." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2009 (November 5, 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2009/291236.

Full text

Abstract:

In the housefly Musca domestica, synthesis of yolk proteins (YPs) depends on the level of circulating ecdysteroid hormones. In female houseflies, the ecdysterone concentration in the hemolymph oscillates and, at high levels, is followed by expression of YP. In male houseflies, the ecdysterone titre is constantly low and no YP is produced. In some strains, which are mutant in key components of the sex-determining pathway, males express YP even though their ecdysterone titre is not significantly elevated. However, we find that these males express a substantial amount of the female variant of the Musca doublesex homologue, Md-dsx. The dsx gene is known to sex-specifically control transcription of yp genes in the fat body of Drosophila melanogaster. Our data suggest that Md-dsx also contributes to the regulation of YP expression in the housefly by modulating the responsiveness of YP-producing cells to hormonal stimuli.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Coast, Geoffrey M. "Diuresis in the housefly (Musca domestica) and its control by neuropeptides☆." Peptides 22, no. 2 (February 2001): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-9781(00)00372-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Kumar, Peeyush, Sapna Mishra, Anushree Malik, and Santosh Satya. "Preparation and characterization of PEG-Mentha oil nanoparticles for housefly control." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 116 (April 2014): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hashizume, Atsushi, Atsushi Ido, Takashi Ohta, Serigne Thierno Thiaw, Ryusaku Morita, Munenori Nishikawa, Takayuki Takahashi, Chiemi Miura, and Takeshi Miura. "Housefly (Musca domestica) Larvae Preparations after Removing the Hydrophobic Fraction Are Effective Alternatives to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feed for Red Seabream (Pagrus major)." Fishes 4, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes4030038.

Full text

Abstract:

Insects are an attractive alternative to fish meal (FM) as a sustainable protein source in aquaculture feed that does not negatively impact the marine ecosystem. Despite housefly (Musca domestica) larvae having adequacy of amino acid profiles, they have sometimes been reported to be inferior to FM, especially for marine carnivorous fish species. Here, we report that the removal of the hydrophobic fractions from housefly larvae enables significant replacement of FM in the diet of the red seabream (Pagrus major). In a feeding trial, housefly (HF) larvae that had the hydrophobic fraction removed as a complete substitution for 70% FM produced satisfactory growth. However, HF larvae that were supplemented with the hydrophobic fraction resulted in significant growth reduction. Growth recovery was incomplete by supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to undefatted HF larvae, being equivalent to that of fatty acid content with a control diet. Moreover, fish with a dietary intake of catechol identified from the hydrophobic fraction of the HF showed growth reduction and morphological alterations in the intestine. Our findings indicate that the hydrophobic fraction from HF larvae contains a negative factor for fish growth and eliminating the fraction from HF larvae is thought to be an important process for sustainable aquaculture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Takenaka, S., and S. Matsuzaki. "Control of housefly breeding in the areas of under-structure horticulture in Kochi." Medical Entomology and Zoology 49, Supplement (1998): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.49.30.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kumar, Raj, Meenakshi Mishra, and Arunabha Chakravarti. "Skin Sensitivity to Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 6, no. 2 (2013): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1154.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Background Allergic rhinitis is a common IgE-mediated inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa. Skin prick test (SPT) remains the most useful test for detecting specific allergic triggers associated with allergic rhinitis. Objective Our objective was to study the sensitivity to common aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis patients using SPT Materials and methods We conducted SPT to 65 common aeroallergens on 100 patients more than 12 years of age with symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis. Results Sixty-one patients (61%) tested positive for at least one aeroallergen, of which, 54 patients (88.52%) showed polysensitization while seven patients (11.48%) showed monosensitization. The most common aeroallergen group implicated in SPT positivity was insects (48%); housefly (34%) being the most commonly implicated insect. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of sensitivity to aeroallergens in the Indian scenario. It stresses upon the fact that environmental control measures might still prove to be the mainstay of treatment in our scenario, owing to housefly being the most commonly implicated aeroallergen. How to cite this article Mishra M, Chakravarti A, Kumar R. Skin Sensitivity to Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):64-66.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Shimaoka, Takayuki, Masataka Hanashima, Minoru Mihara, Satoshi Ebisui, Hideki Tsuji, and Hiroyuki Itou. "Control of Housefly Population in Landfill Sites with Foam Covering in Place of Soil." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 8, no. 5 (1997): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.8.181.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kumar, Peeyush, Sapna Mishra, Anushree Malik, and Santosh Satya. "Preparation and characterization of Mentha×piperita oil emulsion for housefly (Musca domestica L.) control." Industrial Crops and Products 44 (January 2013): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.09.013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Agui, Noriaki, Toru Shimada, Susumu Izumi, and Shiro Tomino. "Hormonal control of vitellogenin mRNA levels in the male and female housefly, Musca domestica." Journal of Insect Physiology 37, no. 5 (January 1991): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(91)90089-i.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Howard, Julia, and Richard Wall. "The effects of triflumuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 1 (March 1995): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300052032.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor triflumuron, 2-chloro-N-[[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzamide, on the housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus were examined in the laboratory. A dose of 1 μg of triflumuron applied topically to adult females of M. domestica resulted in egg hatch inhibition greater than 95%. At doses below 1 μg applied topically to adult females, subsequent hatched larvae were also highly sensitive to triflumuron; 0.5 μg applied topically produced 25% inhibition of egg hatch, but of the larvae that eclosed, only 20% survived to pupation. Hence, a dose of 0.5 μg applied to adults gave a total mortality of 85%. The effects of a single topical application of triflumuron declined over time in a dose dependent manner. After a dose of 1 μg, <5% of the first egg batch hatched, however, after 14 days egg hatch had risen to >90%. Topically applied triflumuron was most effective in inhibiting egg hatch when applied to females less than 3 days old. After 60 min tarsal contact with 20% triflumuron suspension concentrate on poly cotton cloth, 100% egg hatch inhibition was maintained for up to 1 week. Lower contact times, or triflumuron concentrations, gave lower percentage mortalities. The results suggest that triflumuron has considerable potential as a control agent for incorporation into autosterilizing devices for housefly control. However, further work is required to develop delivery systems capable of transferring an effective dose to females under field conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Geden, Christopher J. "Evaluation ofParaiotonchium muscadomesticae(Nematoda: Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae), a Potential Biological Control Agent of the Housefly (Diptera:Muscidae)." Biological Control 10, no. 1 (September 1997): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1997.0540.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hilfiker-Kleiner, D., A. Dubendorfer, A. Hilfiker, and R. Nothiger. "Genetic control of sex determination in the germ line and soma of the housefly, Musca domestica." Development 120, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 2531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.9.2531.

Full text

Abstract:

In Musca domestica, sex in the soma is cell autonomously determined by the male-determiner M, or by the female-determiner FD. Transplanted pole cells (precursors of the germ line) show that sex determination of germ cells is non-autonomous genotypically male pole cells form functional eggs in female hosts, and genotypically female pole cells form functional sperm in male hosts. When M/+ cells undergo oogenesis, a male-determining maternal effect predetermines offspring without M, i.e. of female genotype, to develop as fertile males. FD is epistatic to M in the female germ line, as it is in the soma, overruling the masculinizing effect of M. The results suggest that maternal F product is needed for activation of the zygotic F gene.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Msangi, Shandala, Ester Lyatuu, and Eliningaya J. Kweka. "Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Bioefficacy of an Insect Growth Regulator (Dimilin) as a Larvicide against Mosquito and Housefly Larvae." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/394541.

Full text

Abstract:

The inhibitory function of Dimilin (Diflubenzuron), mostly a chitin synthesis regulator, on the ecdysis of mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiaes.l.,Culex quinquefasciatus) and housefly was evaluated in the field and in laboratory. Three formulations of Diflubenzuron were evaluated in this study: Dimilin, Wettable powder (25%), Dimilin granules (2%), and Dimilin tablets (2%). The laboratory and field evaluation used different rates of concentrations of these formulations. Generally, at higher dosages larvae developments, eggs hatchability and pupation were impossible. The development of mosquitoes was significantly higher in control while highly depressed in different dosages of treatment in both laboratory and field experiments. In houseflies, the adult population decreased sharply after treatment of their breeding sites while pupae mortality was noticed to be high in laboratory-treated samples. Dimilin could be opted as one of the choice of the larval control chemicals to be incorporated in the integrated vector control programmes in urban and rural areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Campolo, Domenico, Luca Schenato, Lijuan Pi, Xinyan Deng, and Eugenio Guglielmelli. "Attitude Estimation of a Biologically Inspired Robotic Housefly via Multimodal Sensor Fusion." Advanced Robotics 23, no. 7-8 (January 2009): 955–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855309x443052.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Bream, Ahmed, Mohamed A. Fouda, Ibrahim Shehata, and Sanad Ragab. "Evaluation of Four Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents Against The Housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11982.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Peck, George W., Holly J. Ferguson, Jane T. LePage, Vincent R. Hebert, Sally D. O'Neal, and Douglas B. Walsh. "Evaluation of sunlight-exposed pyrethroid-treated netting for the control of face fly and housefly (Diptera: Muscidae)." Pest Management Science 70, no. 1 (April 9, 2013): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.3537.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hanley, M. E., D. W. Dunn, S. R. Abolins, and D. Goulson. "Evaluation of (Z)-9-tricosene baited targets for control of the housefly (Musca domestica) in outdoor situations." Journal of Applied Entomology 128, no. 7 (August 2004): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2004.00876.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Campolo, Domenico, Giovanni Barbera, Luca Schenato, Lijuan Pi, Xinyan Deng, and Eugenio Guglielmelli. "Attitude Stabilization of a Biologically Inspired Robotic Housefly via Dynamic Multimodal Attitude Estimation." Advanced Robotics 23, no. 15 (January 2009): 2113–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016918609x12529306840253.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Meier, Nicole, Simone Catherine Käppeli, Monika Hediger Niessen, Jean-Christophe Billeter, Stephen F. Goodwin, and Daniel Bopp. "Genetic Control of Courtship Behavior in the Housefly: Evidence for a Conserved Bifurcation of the Sex-Determining Pathway." PLoS ONE 8, no. 4 (April 22, 2013): e62476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062476.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Madhavan, Kornath, and Mekkara Mandakavally Madhavan. "Negative growth control of mitotically active imaginal cells (histoblasts) of the abdominal epidermis during metamorphosis of the housefly." Journal of Morphology 222, no. 3 (December 1994): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052220307.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Mishra, Sapna, and Anushree Malik. "Comparative evaluation of five Beauveria isolates for housefly (Musca domestica L.) control and growth optimization of selected strain." Parasitology Research 111, no. 5 (August 3, 2012): 1937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3039-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Feng, Jianguo, Yingjian Ma, Zhiyang Chen, Qi Liu, Jinghan Yang, Yuan Gao, Wang Chen, Kun Qian, and Wenchao Yang. "Development and Characterization of Pyriproxyfen-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Housefly Control: Improving Activity, Reducing Toxicity, and Protecting Ecological Environment." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 14 (March 26, 2021): 4988–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08105.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Learmount, Jane, Paul A. Chapman, Alan W. Morris, and David B. Pinniger. "Response of strains of housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to commercial bait formulations in the laboratory." Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, no. 5 (October 1996): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530003933x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractField strains of housefly collected from animal units were exposed to the insecticide baits, Golden Malrin and Alfacron in laboratory cage tests. Flies were exposed to each bait alone in no-choice tests and to the bait plus sugar in choice tests. Golden Malrin was generally effective against the strains tested in no-choice tests; the lowest recorded knockdown after exposure for 48 h was 82%. Eight strains, however, gave a reduced knockdown when exposed in choice tests (between 60 and 87%). Golden Malrin was ineffective against one strain in choice tests with 7% knockdown at 48 h. With Alfacron 12 strains exhibited knockdown responses between 57 and 87% at 48 h in no-choice tests. In choice tests, 17 strains gave knockdown responses of less than 50% at 48 h. Correlation coefficients were calculated for results from cage tests and levels of resistance to the active ingredients assessed using topical application and feeding test methods. There was a positive correlation between cage and feeding test results. Correlation was, however, less significant with choice test results than with no-choice results. There was no correlation between cage test and topical results. It is suggested that behavioural resistance was responsible for the reduced responses shown by some strains in choice tests compared to no-choice tests. The results demonstrate the importance of using a laboratory method which allows for behavioural differences when monitoring for resistance to insecticides formulated as baits. Behavioural differences in housefly strains should be considered when testing the efficacy of new bait formulations. It is also suggested that insecticide baits should not be used continuously and exclusively to control houseflies in intensive animal units.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bryant, Edwin H., Steven A. McCommas, and Lisa M. Combs. "THE EFFECT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL BOTTLENECK UPON QUANTITATIVE GENETIC VARIATION IN THE HOUSEFLY." Genetics 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 1191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.4.1191.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Effects of a population bottleneck (founder-flush cycle) upon quantitative genetic variation of morphometric traits were examined in replicated experimental lines of the housefly founded with one, four or 16 pairs of flies. Heritability and additive genetic variances for eight morphometric traits generally increased as a result of the bottleneck, but the pattern of increase among bottleneck sizes differed among traits. Principal axes of the additive genetic correlation matrix for the control line yielded two suites of traits, one associated with general body size and another set largely independent of body size. In the former set containing five of the traits, additive genetic variance was greatest in the bottleneck size of four pairs, whereas in the latter set of two traits the largest additive genetic variance occurred in the smallest bottleneck size of one pair. One trait exhibited changes in additive genetic variance intermediate between these two major responses. These results were inconsistent with models of additive effects of alleles within loci or of additive effects among loci. An observed decline in viability measures and body size in the bottleneck lines also indicated that there was nonadditivity of allelic effects for these traits. Several possible nonadditive models were explored that increased additive genetic variance as a result of a bottleneck. These included a model with complete dominance, a model with overdominance and a model incorporating multiplicative epistasis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kočišová, A., P. Novák, J. Toporčák, and M. Petrovský. "Development of Resistance in Field Housefly (Musca domestica): Comparison of Effect of Classic Spray Regimes versus Integrated Control Methods." Acta Veterinaria Brno 71, no. 3 (2002): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200271030401.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kumar, Peeyush, Sapna Mishra, Anushree Malik, and Santosh Satya. "Housefly (Musca domestica L.) control potential of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poales: Poaceae) essential oil and monoterpenes (citral and 1,8-cineole)." Parasitology Research 112, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3105-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Silivanova, E. A., P. A. Shumilova, and M. A. Levchenko. "Activities of detoxifying enzymes in adults of houseflies Musca domestica L. selected with chlorfenapyr." Biomics 12, no. 4 (2020): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2020-43.

Full text

Abstract:

In insects, biochemical mechanisms of insecticide resistance base on increasing of activities of main detoxyfying enzymes – monooxygenases, nonspesific esterases, and glutathion-S-transferases. Currently, the progress of resistance development and the degree of contributing enzymes to resistance in insects have been studied for certain insecticides. The goal of this study was to assess activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and alkaline phosphatase in females and males housefly Musca domestica in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth generations of the chlorfenapyr-selected strain. Evaluation of chlorfenapyr susceptibility showed that adults M. domestica in tenth generations was tolerating to chlorfenapyr as the resistance ration value was 3.6. In certain generations of chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, monooxygenase activities in males and females were 1.4-2.1 times more, and alkaline phosphatase activities in females were 2.3-2.7 times more than that in control insects. Glutathione-S-transferase activities had no significant differences in adults M. domestica of control and chlorfenapyr-selected strains. For chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, and alkaline phosphatase differed in males and females of same generations that suggests that mode and pattern of resistance development might be sex-specific in this specie.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Chapman, Paul A., Jane Learmount, Alan W. Morris, and Paul B. McGreevy. "The current status of insecticide resistance inMusca domesticain England and Wales and the implications for housefly control in intensive animal units." Pesticide Science 39, no. 3 (1993): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780390309.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Alofa, Cayen Sédro, and Youssouf Abou. "A Mixture of Chicken Viscera, Housefly Larvae and Spirulina Waste as Replacement of Fishmeal in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Diets." Aquaculture Studies 21, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/2618-6381-v21_1_02.

Full text

Abstract:

This research investigated different blends of spirulina waste (SW), chicken viscera meal (CVM) and housefly maggot meal (HMM) as alternative protein sources on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Triplicate groups of male fish (initial mean weight, 6.09±0.5g) were fed a commercial feed Skretting (SK), fish meal (FM) based-diet D0 (30%FM), diet D1 (FM+SW+HMM), diet D2 (FM+SW+CVM), diet D3 (FM+HMM+CVM) and diet D4 (SW+HMM+CVM) for 84 days. Diets were isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isoenergetic (19 KJ/g gross energy). No effects were found on survival rate and body protein content of fish fed experimental diets. Specific growth rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed D0 and SK did not differ significantly from those fed diet D3. These parameters were significantly lower in fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). Feed intake significantly decreased in fish fed diet D1 and D2 while PER obtained did not differ than those fed control diets. The higher profit index was recorded in the tested diets and the lower in the control diets. The results of this study indicate that fishmeal level for O. niloticus could be reduced to 5 % by inclusion of CVM and HMM in combination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Joshi, Lok R., Kristin A. Mohr, Travis Clement, Kyle S. Hain, Bryan Myers, Joseph Yaros, Eric A. Nelson, et al. "Detection of the Emerging Picornavirus Senecavirus A in Pigs, Mice, and Houseflies." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 1536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03390-15.

Full text

Abstract:

Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus that has been recently associated with an increased number of outbreaks of vesicular disease and neonatal mortality in swine. Many aspects of SVA infection biology and epidemiology remain unknown. Here, we present a diagnostic investigation conducted in swine herds affected by vesicular disease and increased neonatal mortality. Clinical and environmental samples were collected from affected and unaffected herds and were screened for the presence of SVA by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and virus isolation. Notably, SVA was detected and isolated from vesicular lesions and tissues of affected pigs, environmental samples, mouse feces, and mouse small intestine. SVA nucleic acid was also detected in houseflies collected from affected farms and from a farm with no history of vesicular disease. Detection of SVA in mice and housefly samples and recovery of viable virus from mouse feces and small intestine suggest that these pests may play a role on the epidemiology of SVA. These results provide important information that may allow the development of improved prevention and control strategies for SVA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Chapman, P. A., D. P. Webb, and S. J. Walker. "The potential of some newer photostable pyrethroids to select for resistance in the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 4 (December 1993): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300039936.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA strain of Musca domestica Linnaeus with low pyrethroid resistance was divided into four sub-strains, each was subjected to three selections in the laboratory with either alphacypermethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin or permethrin. Each selected strain was then tested for cross-resistance to the other pyrethroids and to synergized pyrethrins. Pyrethroid resistance was increased by all selecting agents by a factor of between 1.5 and 3.6 as measured at the KD50, thus demonstrating that the newer persistent pyrethroids had a similar potential to select for pyrethroid resistance as did permethrin. A field trial using a commercial alphacypermethrin formulation was carried out in an intensive animal unit against a population of M. domestica with a high pyrethroid resistance. After a high initial kill, the population rapidly recovered and a second application failed to control the population. Pre- and post-trial M. domestica samples were taken and resistance to alphacypermethrin and synergized pyrethrins was shown to have increased from 54.5 to 263.6 and 15.2 to 28.4 at the KD50, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Nurhayati, Siti, and Tri Wahyuni Sukesi. "Efek Insektisidal Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji Putih (Psidium Guajava L) terhadap Larva Lalat Rumah (Musca Domestica L)." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.17.2.59-62.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Lalat rumah yang berada di permukiman, hidup ditempat kotor dan sering mengadakan kontak dengan manusia. Perkembangan lalat rumah setiap tahunnya sering mengalami peningkatan dari mulai telur hingga pupa dan sampai berkembang menjadi lalat dewasa. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk pengendalian lalat rumah yaitu dengan penggunaan insektisida yang ramah lingkungan seperti insektisida biorasional. Tumbuhan yang termasuk dalam insektisida biorasional yaitu daun jambu biji. Kandungan yang terdapat di dalam daun tersebut yaitu tanin, saponin, flavonoid dan minyak atsiri. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui efek insektisidal ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji putih (Psidium guajava L) terhadap larva lalat rumah (Musca domestica L).Metode: jenis penelitian ini adalah true experimental dengan jenis desain pretest posttest control group. Subjek penelitian menggunakan larva lalat rumah instar III dan Objek penelitian ini adalah menggunakan 20 ekor larva lalat instar III yang diberi perlakuan dengan metode feeding assay. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif, analisis analitik dengan menggunakan uji kruskal walls, serta analisis probitHasil: berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa didapatkan pada uji Normalitas nilai sig 0,001<0,05, pada uji Levene statistic nilai sig 0,018<0,05, uji Kruskal Walls nilai sig 0,012<0,05, dan uji Mann Whitney <0,05 pada kontrol negatif dengan semua konsentrasi perlakuan, LC50 terletak pada konsentrasi 0,028% dan LT50 pada 10,417 jamSimpulan: terdapat Perbedaan antara kontrol negatif dengan semua konsentrasi perlakuan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi pada Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji Putih dapat digunakan sebagai Insektisidal ABSTRACT Title: Insecticidal Effects of Ethanol Extract Of Guava Leaf (Psidium Guajava L) to The Housefly (Musca Domestica) Larvae Background: Houseflies that around of residence,lives in dirty place and always make contact with human. Development of houseflies have develop from eggs to pupa and transform to be flies every year. Efforts are being made to control houseflies is the use of insecticides that are environmentally friendly such as biorational insecticides. Plants that included in biorational insecticide is guava leaves. The content contained in the leaves are tannins, saponins, flavonoids and essential oils. The purpose of this study is to knowing the effects of insecticidel extract Ethanol Guava Leaf (Psidium guajava L) against Housefly Larvae (Musca domestica) Method: the type of this research is true experimental with the type of design pretest posttest control group. Subjects of research using third instar larvae of the house fly and the object of this study was to use 20 instar third larvae of flies treated with the method of feeding assay. Analysis of the dara used is descriptive analys, analytic analysis using kruskal walls, and probit analysis as well as the analysis of probit.Result: based on research that has been done that obtained in normality test with sig 0,001<0,05, the levene test with sig 0,018<0,05, kruskal walls with sig 0,012<0,05, and Mann Whitney <0,05 the negative control group all treatment concentration, LC50 lies in the concentration of 0,028% and the LT50 at 10,417 hours.Conclusion: there is a difference between the negative control with all the concentration of treatment. This shows that the concentration of the ethanol extract of guava leaf can be used as an Insecticidal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Bałys, Monika, and Elżbieta Pyza. "Localization of the clock controlling circadian rhythms in the first neuropile of the optic lobe in the housefly." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 19 (October 1, 2001): 3303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.19.3303.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYThe visual system of a fly expresses several circadian rhythms that have been detected in the photoreceptors of the compound eye and in the first neuropile, the lamina, of the underlying optic lobe. In the lamina, axons of two classes of interneuron, L1 and L2, exhibit cyclical size changes, swelling by day and shrinking by night. These rhythmic size changes may be generated by circadian oscillators located inside and/or outside the optic lobe. To localize such oscillators, we have examined changes in the axonal cross-sectional areas of L1 and L2 within the lamina of the housefly (Musca domestica) under conditions of 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness (LD12:12), constant darkness (DD) or continuous light (LL) 24 h after the medulla was severed from the rest of the brain. After the lesion, the axon size changes of L1 and L2 were maintained only in LD conditions, but were weaker than in control flies. In DD and LL conditions, they were eliminated. This indicates that circadian rhythms in the lamina of a fly are generated central to the lamina and medulla neuropiles of the optic lobe. Cyclical changes of light and darkness in LD conditions are still able, however, to induce a weak daily rhythm in the axon sizes of L1 and L2.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ludoški, J., M. Djurakic, B. Pastor, A. I. Martínez-Sánchez, S. Rojo, and V. Milankov. "Phenotypic variation of the housefly, Musca domestica: amounts and patterns of wing shape asymmetry in wild populations and laboratory colonies." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 1 (August 15, 2013): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000461.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractMusca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a vector of a range variety of pathogens infecting humans and animals. During a year, housefly experiences serial population bottlenecks resulted in reduction of genetic diversity. Population structure has also been subjected to different selection regimes created by insect control programs and pest management. Both environmental and genetic disturbances can affect developmental stability, which is often reflected in morphological traits as asymmetry. Since developmental stability is of great adaptive importance, the aim of this study was to examine fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as a measure of developmental instability, in both wild populations and laboratory colonies of M. domestica. The amount and pattern of wing shape FA was compared among samples within each of two groups (laboratory and wild) and between groups. Firstly, the amount of FA does not differ significantly among samples within the group and neither does it differ between groups. Regarding the mean shape of FA, contrary to non-significant difference within the wild population group and among some colonies, the significant difference between groups was found. These results suggest that the laboratory colonies and wild samples differ in buffering mechanisms to perturbations during development. Hence, inbreeding and stochastic processes, mechanisms dominating in the laboratory-bred samples contributed to significant changes in FA of wing shape. Secondly, general patterns of left–right displacements of landmarks across both studied sample groups are consistent. Observed consistent direction of FA implies high degrees of wing integration. Thus, our findings shed light on developmental buffering processes important for population persistence in the environmental change and genetic stress influence on M. domestica.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Auteri, Michelangelo, Francesco La Russa, Valeria Blanda, and Alessandra Torina. "Insecticide Resistance Associated with kdr Mutations in Aedes albopictus: An Update on Worldwide Evidences." BioMed Research International 2018 (August 5, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3098575.

Full text

Abstract:

Insecticide resistance is an increasing problem worldwide that limits the efficacy of control methods against several pests of health interest. Among them, Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are efficient vectors of relevant pathogens causing animal and human diseases worldwide, including yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika. Different mechanisms are associated in conferring resistance to chemical insecticides. One of the most widespread and analysed mechanisms is the knockdown resistance (kdr) causing resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. The mechanism is associated with mutations in the voltage sensitive sodium channel, which is involved in beginning and propagation of action potentials in nervous cells. The mechanism was originally discovered in the housefly and then it was found in a large number of arthropods. In 2011, a kdr associated mutation was evidenced for the first time in A. albopictus and afterward several evidences were reported in the different areas of the world, including China, USA, Brazil, India, and Mediterranean Countries. This review aims to update and summarize current evidences on kdr in A. albopictus, in order to stimulate further researches to analyse in depth A. albopictus resistance status across the world, especially in countries where the presence of this vector is still an emerging issue. Such information is currently needed given the well-known vector role of A. albopictus in the transmission of severe infectious diseases. Furthermore, the widespread use of chemical insecticides for control strategies against A. albopictus progressively lead to pressure selection inducing the rise of insecticide resistance-related mutations in the species. Such event is especially evident in some countries as China, often related to a history of uncontrolled use of chemical insecticides. Thus, a careful picture on the diffusion of kdr mutations worldwide represents a milestone for the implementation of control plans and the triggering of novel research on alternative strategies for mosquito-borne infections.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

A. Attia, Azza, Lamia M. El-Samad, and Nourhan Zaghloul. "Effects of protein extract from the housefly larvae (Musca domestica vicina) on the hyperlipidemic mice induced by Triton WR-1339." Swedish Journal of BioScience Research 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51136/sjbsr.2020.16.27.

Full text

Abstract:

Hypercholesterolemia is a chief risk reason for atherosclerosis. Triton-WR 1339 (Tyloxapol) was used by several investigators to initiate hypercholesterolemia in animals. Housefly maggots contain high larval protein extract (PE) that is used as an anti-atherosclerosis. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of the PE of houseflies against Triton-WR 1339-induced hyperlipidemia, oxidative damage, and histopathological changes of the liver and dorsal aorta of male mice. In this study, four groups of experimental mice, including ten mice each, were classified into: Group I, mice were administered with 0.5 ml saline solution, and considered as a positive control; Group II, mice were administered day after day by gavage with 0.5 ml of 200 mg/kg bw PE; Group III, hyperlipidemic mice were taken no treatment till the end of experiment and Group IV, the hyperlipidemic mice were administered day after day by gavage with 200 mg/kg bw PE. On day 40, the mice were anesthetized, blood samples were collected, the livers and the aorta were dissected for various biochemical tests and histopathological examinations. The biochemical parameters, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were increased, and reduction in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), the total glutathione (GSH) and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were observed following Triton WR-1339 treatment in mice. After administration of the PE (200 mg/kg bw), the results revealed significant reduction in serum TC and TGs while HDL-C, oxidative stress levels in liver tissue, LPO, GSH and GPx were significantly increased. Histopathological examinations of the liver tissue and the aorta of mice showed alterations afterwards Triton WR-1339 administration. Treatment with 200 mg/kg bw PE showed beneficial effects with lower capsular thickening, enlargment of hepatocytes and much lower inflammatory cell infiltration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Yuliana, Vina, Yamtana Yamtana, and Abdul Hadi Kadarusno. "Aplikasi Penyemprotan Perasan Daun Kamboja (Plumeria acuminata) Terhadap Kematian Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v13i1.26.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Spraying application leaf squeeze kamboja (plumeria acuminata) to death fly house (musca domestica). Housefly (Musca domestica) is a vector for transmission of various types of mechanically transmitted diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid, salmonellosis and viral gastrointestinal diseases. One of the control flies using environmentally friendly plant-based insecticides. Researchers used insecticides in the form of freshly squeezed vegetable leaf with frangipani (Plumeria acuminata). The objective was to knowing the influence of leaf squeeze spraying frangipani with a concentration of 40 percent, 50 percentand and 60 percent of the death house fly. This study uses experimental design With Post Test Only Control Group Design. The object of this study is the 480 flies were obtained from the TPS Market Tlagareja. This research was carried out by spraying the leaf squeeze frangipani at a concentration of 40%, 50% and 60%. Counting the number of deaths house fly performed after 24 hours. The results of this research are there meaningful influence of sraying the frangipani leaf squeeze againts the death house flies and the value of sig 0,000. Concentration of 40%, 50%, and 60% respectively can be deadly flies an average of 5 tails, 10 tails and 15 tails. The most effective concentration was 60% obtained from the LSD test with significance level of 0.000 and Different Mean values (IJ) is the largest 10.00000. The conclusion is an effect spraying frangipani leaf squeeze with a concentration of 40%, 50%, and 60% of the death house fly. The most effective concentration to kill flies is at 60%, with an average mortality of flies 15 tails. Keywords: frangipani leaf, house flies, insecticide plant

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Dat, Lien Quoc, Luong Thi My Ngan, and Tran Trung Hieu. "Identification of stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) and study on its blood-sucking behavior." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, no. 6 (October 10, 2019): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i6.851.

Full text

Abstract:

Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) is one of the most important blood-sucking insects that has a potential economic impact on the livestock industry. The species has cosmopolitan distribution and is abundant in livestock barns, stables, and pastures. This study identified the presence of S. calcitrans in dairy barns, on fences and foliages around dairy cattle farms in District 12, Cu Chi, Hoc Mon and Binh Chanh Distrist of Ho Chi Minh city, and recorded its blood-sucking behavior. Both sexes of stable flies have blood-sucking behavior and cause much pain and annoyance to catlle resulting in interrupted grazing. Morphological characteristics of S. calcitrans were reported and compared with those of the housefly (Musca domestica). Statistical data collected from two cattle farms in District 12 showed that the boold-sucking flies occured throughout the year in farms with 3.40 flies per leg of cattle in June and 2.35 flies per leg of cattle in September. The number of flies per leg of cattle crossed economic threshold (< 2 stable flies per leg of catlle). However, with 40–180 cows raised per farm, the farmers have not been aware of the presence and impact of the boold-sucking flies. The stable flies S. calcitrans would cause huge losses in productivity and quality of meat and milk when the cattle husbandry is developed on industrial scale. Therefore, identification and control of density of the blood- sucking fly should be seriously considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

El-Garawani, Islam, Hesham El-Seedi, Shaden Khalifa, Islam H. El Azab, Marwa Abouhendia, and Shaymaa Mahmoud. "Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected Musca domestica Larvae." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111111.

Full text

Abstract:

The usage of insects as a sustainable and functional natural products resource is a new promise in complementary and alternative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of Musca domestica (housefly) larval hemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The oxidative stress (OS) was elicited by inducing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment as an exogenous stressor. Determination of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and protein expressions of SOD1, was investigated as confirmatory markers of oxidative stress induction. Cytotoxicity on cancerous MCF-7 and normal Vero cells were also evaluated using an MTT assay at 24 h post-injection. The injection of LPS induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SOD, GSH and TAC, whereas, the MDA was diminished. Hemolymph was collected from normal and treated larvae after 6, 12 and 24 h. The M. domestica superoxide dismutase (MdSOD1) transcripts were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated 6 and 12 h post-treatment, while a significant downregulation was observed after 24 h. Western blot analysis showed that MdSOD1 was expressed in the hemolymph of the treated larvae with an increase of 1.2 folds at 6 and 12 h and 1.6 folds at 24 h relative to the control group. LPS-treated larval hemolymphs exhibited significant cytotoxicity with respect to the untreated ones against MCF-7 while Vero cells showed no cytotoxicity for both hemolymphs. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined and a significant antioxidant potential potency was observed at 6 h (50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 63.3 ± 3.51 µg/mL) when compared to the control M. domestica larval hemolymph (IC50: 611.7 ± 10.41 µg/mL). Taken together, M. domestica larval hemolymph exhibited enhanced antioxidant and consequently increased cytotoxic capacities under stressed conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Akhmetkireeva, Tansulpan T., Galina V. Ben'kovskaya, and Aleksei G. Vasil'ev. "Variability in size and shape of wings in longevity-selected strains of house fly (Musca Domestica L.): geometric morphometrics." Ecological genetics 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen16135-44.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. The aim of the study is evaluate the long-term morphogenetic consequences of the housefly mass selection by the lifespan of two formed strains with different longevity. Materials and methods. Two control groups were detached from the strains Sh gen (short-living adults) after 65th and L gen (long-living) after 45th generations of selection for early or late reproduction. Geometric morphometrics of the fly’s wing shape are made from the configurations of 17 homologous Landmarks positioned on the wings images. The direction and magnitude of the interstrain differences were estimated using the canonical analysis of Procrustes coordinates, which characterized the variability of the wing shape. The degree of intra-group morphological disparity from the values of the first two canonical variables was analyzed by the nearest neighbour point pattern analysis. Results. Significant interstrain and sex differences in the shape and size of the wing were revealed. The size of the wing plate of males and females of the Sh gen strain and the level of intragroup disparity are significantly larger than in the L gen strain. The pattern of intragroup disparity of the wing shape of the Sh gen adults is characterized by a significant effect of ordinates overdispersion. Conclusion. A hypothesis has been put forward that the revealed morphogenetic rearrangements in individuals of both strain formed on the base of historically existing potent ontogenetic trajectories of species. It is assumed that the basis for morphogenesis rearrangements are the primary epigenetic changes due to the transposition of the mobile elements of the genome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kavran, Mihaela, Dušan Petrić, Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina, and Marija Zgomba. "Evaluation of Different Monitoring Methods for Musca domestica L. 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) Indoor Population." Contemporary Agriculture 68, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2019-0016.

Full text

Abstract:

Summary The housefly Musca domestica is a cosmopolitan insect nuisance pest, also known as a carrier of numerous pathogens both to humans and animals. Animal farms, as a very important source of house flies, simultaneously allow for all stages of their development. Having vast quantities of constantly present manure, pig units represent perfect environment for house fly breeding. This fact, coupled with the known resistance to majority of available insecticides, creates difficulties in house fly control. The present study was performed to evaluate different types of monitoring methods for indoor use: (a) spot deposit records on the cardboard; (b) fly trappings by: glue coated cardboard; (c) sticky fly strips; (d) yellow sticky cards; (e) visual records of flies on the cardboard. This study provided a clear differentiation of efficacy/usefulness of the tested methods for various house fly densities. In animal breeding units or other areas with very abundant fly population, less sensitive methods (traps are less efficient) should be selected. For these circumstances, glued cardboard or yellow sticky cards should be chosen. The “more sensitive” methods, spot cards and sticky fly strips, should be used for lower abundance of the fly population. Except for this purpose, these highly sensitive methods should be selected also in the areas where the flies should not be tolerated at any density. Although the levels of the observed fly activity significantly differ from each other, in the majority of cases they depict the similar trend of the population dynamics and relative density. The only exception to the rule was the visual method, which could not reflect the changes in the population density in the current study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Meffert, L. M. "Bottleneck effects on genetic variance for courtship repertoire." Genetics 139, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.1.365.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Bottleneck effects on evolutionary potential in mating behavior were addressed through assays of additive genetic variances and resulting phenotypic responses to drift in the courtship repertoires of six two-pair founder-flush lines and two control populations of the housefly. A simulation addressed the complication that an estimate of the genetic variance for a courtship trait (e.g., male performance vigor or the female requirement for copulation) must involve assays against the background behavior of the mating partners. The additive "environmental" effect of the mating partner's phenotype simply dilutes the net parent-offspring covariance for a trait. However, it there is an interaction with this "environmental" component, negative parent-offspring covariances can result under conditions of high incompatibility between the population's distributions for male performance and female choice requirements, despite high levels of genetic variance. All six bottlenecked lines exhibited significant differentiation from the controls in at least one measure of the parent-offspring covariance for male performance or female choice (estimated by 50 parent-son and 50 parent-daughter covariances for 10 courtship traits per line) which translated to significant phenotypic drift. However, the average effect across traits or across lines did not yield a significant net increase in genetic variance due to bottlenecks. Concerted phenotypic differentiation due to the founder-flush event provided indirect evidence of directional dominance in a subset of traits. Furthermore, indirect evidence of genotype-environment interactions (potentially producing genotype-genotype effects) was found in the negative parent-offspring covariances predicted by the male-female interaction simulation and by the association of the magnitude of phenotypic drift with the absolute value of the parent-offspring covariance. Hence, nonadditive genetic effects on mating behavior may be important in structuring genetic variance for courtship, although most of the increases in genetic variance would be expected to reflect inbreeding depression with relatively rare situations representing the facilitation of speciation by bottlenecks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Levchenko, Mikhail Alekseevich, Elena Anatolyevna Silivanova, and Ruzilya Husanovna Bikinyeva. "Selective toxicityof acetamiprid and fipronil as a part of insecticidal baits." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.v0i1.481.

Full text

Abstract:

Monocomponent and combined insecticidal baits containing acetamiprid and fipronil are proposed to control the housefly Musca domestica at livestock facilities. The combination of active ingredients increases the insecticidal activity of formulations and simultaneously may lead to an increase in their toxicity to animals. The purpose of this work was to assess the selective toxicity of acetamiprid and fipronil as parts of mono- and bicomponent insecticides. The intestinal activity of insecticides against adult houseflies was assessed by no-choice feeding tests. The acute toxicity of insecticidal baits to animals was carried out by feeding to white mice. Probit analysis was used to calculate of median lethal doses of active ingredients and insecticidal baits. The selective toxicity was evaluated by the selective toxicity ratio, which was calculated by dividing the median lethal doses (LD50) of the active ingredients for white mice into LD50 for adult flies. The median lethal doses of acetamiprid and fipronil when applied alone for adult flies were 2.412 (2.023-2.862) and 0.087 (0.0285-0.2659) μg of active ingredient per g of insect weight, respectively. The insecticidal activity of active ingredients, applied in combination, against adult flies increased by 15 and 5 times, respectively. For the toxicity to mice, median lethal doses of acetamiprid and fipronil in formulations containing only one of the active substances were 94.9 (88.5 - 101.8) mg/kg and more than 22.5 mg/kg of animal weight, respectively. The selective toxicity ratio of fipronil in the monocomponent formulation was 6.8 times higher than that of acetamiprid. For the binary formulation, the selectivity of fipronil and acetamiprid activity was equal. The combination of acetamiprid and fipronil resulted in an increase in their toxicity for adults Musca domestica and for white mice and a change in the selectivity of their activity compared to monocomponent formulations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Terrill, Thomas H., Niki C. Whitley, Joan M. Burke, and James E. Miller. "Use of Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) as a Nutraceutical Forage for Livestock." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.062.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is a widely-adapted warm season perennial legume that can be used for grazing, hay, or as a conservation plant. Planted extensively for erosion control in the Southeast in the 1930s and 1940s, SL was considered an inexpensive, but relatively low-quality feed for livestock due to high fiber (thick stems) and tannin content. Over the last 60 yr, an SL breeding program at Auburn University resulted in release of improved cultivars with lower fiber (1960s), less tannin (1970s), and improved grazing tolerance (1990s), although interest in SL as a forage crop remained relatively low. This has changed recently as research over the last 10–15 yr has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (Haemonchus contortus) and protozoan parasites (Eimeria spp.) in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins, has been confirmed in fresh (grazed), dried (hay, meal, pellets), and preserved (ensiled) forms of SL in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. The tannins in SL have also been reported to prevent bloat, reduce ruminal methane production, and kill housefly larvae in manure, further contributing to the renewed interest in SL as a nutraceutical (nutritional + pharmaceutical) forage for livestock. Animal performance of SL for cattle was described as similar to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in a number of studies in the 1970s and 1980s, but more recent cattle performance data with SL are not available. A recent study with goats showed higher animal performance with no reduction in anti-parasitic bioactivity with well-fertilized SL compared with SL produced under normal (low-input) conditions. Future work on SL will focus on optimizing nutritional and bioactivity (nutraceutical) properties of this forage for different species of livestock.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zortéa, Talyta, Dilmar Baretta, Andréia Volpato, William Raphael Lorenzetti, Julia Corá Segat, Ana Paula Maccari, Roberto Christ Santos, Rodrigo Almeida Vaucher, Lenita Moura Stefani, and Aleksandro Schafer da Silva. "Repellent Effects of Andiroba and Copaiba Oils against Musca domestica (Common House Fly) and Ecotoxicological Effects on the Environment." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.79775.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The main challenge in raising cattle in Brazil is related to ectoparasites, that cause negative effects on milk and meat production, and in severe cases, animal death. Sheds known as crèches attracts large number insects mainly due to milk residues in the environment. The housefly is a major problem due to act as vectors of many other diseases, and so there is the possibility of control of infestations with natural products. Andiroba and copaiba oils may act as natural biocides, there are only a few studies on their effect on biological soil parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the repellent effect of andiroba and copaiba oils against flies and on biological soil parameters.Materials, Methods & Results: The repellency effect of oils of andiroba and copaiba was tested at a concentration of 5% in lambs shed maternity, containing 64 bays (1.8 m2). It was sprayed 30 mL per pen, where they were housed five lambs each. Pre-treatment counts were taken before the treatment (mean 46 per pen after Musca domestica), and post-treatment count was made on 2, 24 and 48 h. The data collected at 2 and 24 h was evaluated and the number of flies was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) in the pens treated with oil of copaiba and andiroba compared to control (untreated) pen. After 48 h, no difference was observed between treatments in relation to fly numbers (P > 0.05). Ecotoxicological test using increasing concentrations in the soil (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) regarding changes in basal respiration (C-CO2), and survival and reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida). It was observed an increased amount of mineralized C-CO2 until the day 10 of incubation for both oils without inhibition of the microbial respiratory process in any dose. The copaiba oil showed higher amounts of accumulated C-CO2 compared to andiroba oil in all studied concentrations (P < 0.05). In tests with mesofauna organisms, none of the evaluated concentrations of the two oils showed no negative effect on the survival of springtails (P > 0.05), the same was observed for the reproduction results, where there was no reduction in the number of juveniles (P > 0.05).Discussion: According literature, andiroba and copaiba oils have repellent effect against domestic fly when sprayed onto infected cow’s horn fly, similar results also were reported in vitro tests against M. domestica larvae using andiroba oil and noted 80% larval mortality. The use of natural products in disease control is growing, but its impacts on the environment are not known, so in addition to suggesting therapies it is important to be concerned with ecotoxicological tests. Researchers showed an effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on F. candida and reported 76% reduction in its survival rate at concentration of 60 mg/kg soil. Basal soil respiration is a sensitive indicator that quickly reveals changes in the environmental conditions that affect microbial activity, and the data presented herein reveal an increase in the respiration of microorganisms depending on the amount of oil added to the soil. The essential oils of copaiba and andiroba have repellent effect against Musca domestica, and did not show any toxicity to inhibit microbial activity in the soil. In addition, the presence of the oils in the soil did not affect the survival and reproduction of springtails Folsomia candida.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Mahyoub, Jazem A. "Bioactivity of two marine algae extracts and their synthesized silver nanoparticles as safe controls against Musca domestica housefly." Entomological Research 51, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12512.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Schutt, C., and R. Nothiger. "Structure, function and evolution of sex-determining systems in Dipteran insects." Development 127, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.4.667.

Full text

Abstract:

Nature has evolved an astonishing variety of genetic and epigenetic sex-determining systems which all achieve the same result, the generation of two sexes. Genetic and molecular analyses, mainly performed during the last 20 years, have gradually revealed the mechanisms that govern sexual differentiation in a few model organisms. In this review, we will introduce the sex-determining system of Drosophila and compare the fruitfly to the housefly Musca domestica and other Dipteran insects. Despite the ostensible variety, all these insects use the same basic strategy: a primary genetic signal that is different in males and females, a key gene that responds to the primary signal, and a double-switch gene that eventually selects between two alternative sexual programmes. These parallels, however, do not extend to the molecular level. Except for the double-switch gene doublesex at the end of the cascade, no functional homologies were found between more distantly related insects. In particular, Sex-lethal, the key gene that controls sexual differentiation in Drosophila, does not have a sex-determining function in any other genus studied so far. These results show that sex-determining cascades, in comparison to other regulatory pathways, evolve much more rapidly.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Krauss, R. S., S. N. Guadagno, and I. B. Weinstein. "Novel revertants of H-ras oncogene-transformed R6-PKC3 cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 7 (July 1992): 3117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.7.3117.

Full text

Abstract:

Rat 6 fibroblasts that overproduce protein kinase C beta 1 (R6-PKC3 cells) are hypersensitive to complete transformation by the T24 H-ras oncogene; yet T24 H-ras-transformed R6-PKC3 cells are killed when exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (W.-L. W. Hsiao, G. M. Housey, M. D. Johnson, and I. B. Weinstein, Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2641-2647, 1989). Treatment of an R6-PKC3 subclone that harbors a T24 H-ras gene under the control of an inducible mouse metallothionein I promoter with ZnSO4 and TPA is extremely cytocidal. This procedure was used to isolate rare revertants that are resistant to this toxicity. Two revertant lines, R-1a and ER-1-2, continue to express very high levels of protein kinase C enzyme activity but, unlike the parental cells, do not grow in soft agar. Furthermore, these revertants are resistant to the induction of anchorage-independent growth by the v-src, v-H-ras, v-raf, and, in the case of the R-1a line, v-fos oncogenes. Both revertant lines, however, retain the ability to undergo morphological alterations when either treated with TPA or infected with a v-H-ras virus, thus dissociating anchorage independence from morphological transformation. The revertant phenotype of both R-1a and ER-1-2 cells is dominant over the transformed phenotype in somatic cell hybridizations. Interestingly, the revertant lines no longer induce the metallothionein I-T24 H-ras construct or the endogenous metallothionein I and II genes in response to three distinct agents: ZnSO4, TPA, and dexamethasone. The reduction in activity of metallothionein promoters seen in these revertants may reflect defects in signal transduction pathways that control the expression of genes mediating specific effects of protein kinase C and certain oncogenes in cell transformation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Housefly – Control'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles