Dissertations / Theses: 'Household waste management'

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Saari, T. (Tomi). "Customer journey analysis in household waste management services." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201906052409.

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Abstract. This Master’s Thesis studies the customer journey, value elements and the customers’ broad value creation process in the business context of private household waste management for first-time house-owners. The main research question is defined as follows: What are the value elements for the customer in different touchpoints of the customer journey upon acquiring and using private household waste management services? The objective is to create a customer journey map for the case company’s defined segment of first-time house-owners, and to provide relevant research data and insight about what is perceived valuable in their service. By applying the customer journey and the mapped service touchpoints with the discovered value elements, the thesis client will be able to embed the studied value elements to their service offering and journey for a better service experience for new house-owners. The main theoretical framework consists of customer journey as a timeline for the customer experience in a purchase process; phases of a purchase process and service touchpoints included. Service-dominant logic and further complementary critical service logic and its value creation spheres depict how value is created in use by the customer, facilitated by dynamic, reciprocal value proposition. These aspects are adapted and combined in a novel framework by the researcher to illustrate the customer journey as an experience of a purchase process and value creation as value-in-use in the customer’s own sphere. The research method used in the study is justifiably a qualitative case study as an empirical method to study social phenomena of particular interest to real-life stakeholders such as organizations and their managerial processes within important contextual conditions. The data collection is carried out by conducting semi-structured interviews to customers in the target segment. Eight households are interviewed, at which point data saturation for generalizing the findings is seen to have been reached. The data analysis of all the respective customer journey blueprints enables the researcher to compose a conclusive illustration of a fifteen-step customer journey map and to identify the main touchpoints and value elements as part of the broad value creation process of the target customer segment. The output of the customer journey analysis is also applied to the previously created own theoretical framework, and the most relevant theoretical aspects are further discussed. The researched value elements in different touchpoints of the customer journey can be summarized as affordability; supporting local business; prompt, simple and friendly customer service; service offering fulfilling own needs; service delivery on schedule; reliable, effortless usage of the service. Conclusions as managerial implications in the client’s behalf are also provided. Lastly, the quality of the research is evaluated in the case study’s context and some discussion of this and future research in the case company’s context is had.

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Briguglio, Marie. "Household cooperation in waste management : preferences, incentives and promotion." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21724.

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Few environmental problems exemplify market-failure better than municipal solid waste does: A direct by-product of economic production and consumption, its collection and disposal (still mainly at landfills, in many countries) incurs high capital and running costs, creates environmental and health impacts and, in European Union countries, risks incurring heavy financial penalties. The main remedy proposed in environmental economics is a marginal tax on the disposal of mixed household waste, intended to incentivise its reduction and separation for recycling. But taxes are politically unpopular, expensive to administer and generate variable response − sometimes stimulating illegal disposal of waste instead of its reduction. Taxes also risk undermining the moral benefits people seem to enjoy from cooperating voluntarily. Inducing voluntary cooperation could cultivate moral motives and generate cooperation, but this has received less attention in environmental economics to date. The aim of this thesis is to examine the determinants of cooperation by households in waste management activities, investigating the role that government policy can play in stimulating it, and focusing on the role of price incentives and of scheme promotion. Chapter 1 introduces the issue of waste management as an economic problem, and the role of household cooperation as a promising solution. Chapter 2 surveys the literature on the topic of what determines household cooperation in waste management and identifies the key gaps which the thesis seeks to address. Three manuscripts are presented in Chapters 3, 4 and 5, each of which examines a distinct question on the determinants of household cooperation in waste management. Chapter 6 concludes with a synthesis of main findings, key policy cues and suggestions for future research. The first manuscript titled “Voluntary recycling despite financial disincentives” employs a unique merged panel data set (n = 4,644) using data from 58 localities over 86 weeks to assess the determinants of participation in a voluntary waste separation scheme in Malta. The two manuscripts that follow are based on a nationally-representative telephone survey (n = 1,037), containing two embedded experiments, and conducted during 2013, in Malta, for this thesis. Manuscript 2 titled “Partisanship, priming and participation in voluntary recycling” tests whether party identification, as distinct from environmental or political ideology, can act as a determinant of participation in a recycling scheme, particularly if the scheme is promoted in a manner that associates it with the party in government. Manuscript 3 titled “The impact of a Pay as You Throw tax level and label on home-composting” examines the potential of a Pay As You Throw (PAYT) tax, and of its labelling, to induce substitution of biodegradable waste away from mixed kerb-side disposal and into home-composting. It also examines the prospect that this type of intervention stimulates illegal disposal. Synthesising the results of three studies, the thesis finds that: 1. The type of households most likely to cooperate in waste management schemes are multiple-person ones facing lower constraints of space and time, where members hold pro-environmental preferences. This confirms findings of similar studies in other contexts, helps forecast uptake and may guide the design and promotion of schemes to target low-lying fruit and tackle relevant constraints. 2. Driven mainly by moral motives, households are willing to recycle voluntarily even if it is less convenientc e than disposing of un-separated waste, and they are willing to pay for it. This is a useful finding for municipalities with low budgets, unable to institute taxes or fearing illegal disposal as a reaction. 3. Political preferences are relevant to recycling: Where negative sentiment towards the party in government exists, (even subtle cues) promoting the scheme as a government scheme and associating it with the party in government can suppress participation. Decoupling political communication from scheme promotion can release more households into cooperative effort. 4. Responses to waste taxes are not just a matter of price level but also of tax salience: A tax label can significantly increase waste separation and home-composting but it also boosts higher illegal-disposal intent. The way a fee is labelled therefore itself forms part of the intervention tool-kit, meriting pre-testing and capable of manipulation. These findings make a marginal contribution to gaps in the environmental economics literature by integrating insights from psychology. They are also intended to offer simple and applicable ideas to policy-makers and to scheme-operators aiming to increase household cooperation in waste management.

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Cole, Christine. "Developing sustainable household waste management : a Local Authority approach to zero waste." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17625.

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This project was a case study with a Local Authority (Charnwood Borough Council, Leicestershire) to research the options in response to the challenges of managing household waste. This research focused on establishing and analysing methods of improving the sustainability of household waste management operation within a Waste Collection Authority, where the interaction with a variety of external and internal stakeholders meant a holistic approach was needed. Waste management practices and performances in Charnwood were evaluated and benchmarked against national standards and the demography of a semi-rural Borough. Waste management practices nationally were also reviewed. The performance of the LA was quantitatively compared with other UK LAs where higher recycling performances are achieved. Differences were separate food waste collection and treatment; a larger proportion of urban housing and the university with a transient population. Other differences included strategy and operational practices for garden waste, the storage, collection, transportation and treatment of waste. A time series statistical model was modified and applied to investigate long term waste generation trends from the Boroughs official waste data returns to Defra. These were used to assess the success of interventions undertaken. This statistical model was able to differentiate interventions that were able to achieve lasting improvements in either waste minimisation or recycling. The declaration of a Zero Waste Strategy was to capture the public imagination. A series of focus groups and public consultations were held to judge public reaction and develop and refine the strategy. These were used to adapt the Zero Waste idea to suit the local conditions. A major conclusion was that householder involvement would be crucial for successful implementation of the further separation of waste that would be required.

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Scott, Denise Whittington. "An assessment of household hazardous waste collection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44068.

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Many civic groups and local governments are involved in campaigns to safely collect and dispose of "household hazardous waste." Although it is difficult to define, household hazardous waste is generally considered to be any chemical waste generated in a family dwelling which, if disposed of improperly, may be harmful to human health or the environment. Growing concerns are centered around the disposal of these potentially toxic wastes by burying them in landfills or pouring them down drains or storm sewers. The most popular method of addressing the problem of household hazardous waste is that of holding "collection days," at which householders are encouraged to bring their hazardous waste to some central location for proper handling by responsible authorities. Although the availability of information about the total costs of holding these collections days is presently limited, it is apparent that the expense per household served is quite high. Some people have questioned whether the expense is justified, since there has been little documentation of the risks associated with the handling of household hazardous waste in the municipal waste stream. This thesis presents the findings to date of a study examining the quantities of household hazardous waste present in the municipal waste stream (in order to assess the risks associated with their disposal) and the costs associated with collection days. A telephone survey was used to develop a preliminary estimate of the nature and quantity of hazardous waste generated by households in a Virginia city. Cost data from collection days held in Virginia and elsewhere in the United States are documented and discussed.
Master of Science

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Falzon, Clyde [Verfasser]. "Optimizing Household Biodegradable Waste Management within European Islands / Clyde Falzon." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120864445/34.

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Cox, Jade-Ashlee. "The sustainable management of household waste : a decision-making framework." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/809835/.

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Waste is an inevitable output of our modern lives. Industrialisation and globalisation have facilitated society’s desire (and capacity) to consume more products than previous generations. Such increases in consumption are responsible for the increasing amounts of material that arise in the household waste stream, collected by local authorities. The term 'waste' has long been associated with disposal, despite the fact that 44% of household waste in the UK is now recycled. By thinking of household waste as a resource, it may be possible to extract value. Items that householders no longer require should not simply be discarded as waste but instead should be appreciated for the inherent value they possess and the new products they can become. However, implementing this paradigm is complicated by the variety of different materials in the waste stream, and the number of stakeholders responsible for its management. A central theme of the work presented in this thesis is the paradigm shift ‘From Waste to Resource’. This is important both for issues of resource security and sustainability. Indeed, whilst the times of ‘make do and mend’ can appear to be in the past, there is a great deal of interest in reusing and recovering material resources, especially if components or assemblages can be refurbished or ‘upcycled’. This research has developed a decision-making tool – The Local Authority Optimal Material Management Framework (LAOMMaF) – which can enable local authorities to assess the best way of managing their household ‘waste’. The LAOMMaF takes the user through the identification and quantification of the materials of interest, the determination of viable treatment options, and an options appraisal. The framework has been refined using five case studies: i) assessment of the optimal management of absorbent hygiene products, ii) quantification of waste as a material, through the development of a composition specification, iii) exploration of future waste and potential impacts on waste generation in Surrey, iv) assessment of management options for household wood waste using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, and v) application of the revised LAOMMaF to assess the compliance of current collection systems in Surrey to the amended Waste Regulations (2011). By understanding the composition, amount and value of waste available to them, local authorities can take a more proactive approach in the ‘Waste Supply Chain’ to prevent the implementation of ‘sub-optimal’ management practices and the loss of valuable resources.

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Bratley, Bruce V. "A political ecology of household waste management in Cleveland : the role of energy from waste." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/894/.

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Biod, A. J. "Strategy for the management and recycling of household and assimilated waste." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636100.

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The environmental impact of different methods for dealing with municipal solid waste is examined in the light of public opinion, and the future of landfilling is discussed. Measures adopted by some Member States of the European Union in order to tackle their waste packaging and in order to renovate their waste management are presented. The effect of the German Packaging Ordinance on the recovery industry in Europe is analysed together with the changes brought about in the waste collection industry by the application of the polluter-pays-principle. The evolution of EU environmental policy since the adoption of the Treaty of Rome is described and relevant Directives and Court cases are referred to in order to illustrate EU waste policy. The conflicting attitudes of the public, governments and waste and packaging industries are underlined and the problem of waste definition is also raised. Finally, a numerical model is presented which uses FORTRAN as a programming language. The model is designed to compare the profitability of different collection and sorting methods and to find the optimal way of achieving a particular recycling target. The optimisation technique of simulated annealing is applied to the problem. The model is implemented for a typical medium sized town in the UK and the results obtained are presented.

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Barr, Stewart Wilson. "Factors influencing household attitudes and behaviours towards waste management in Exeter, Devon." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341186.

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Welivita, Indunee. "Designing an economic instrument for sustainable solid waste management in the household sector." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/designing-an-economic-instrument-for-sustainable-solid-waste-management-in-the-household-sector(b945f9e5-4694-4647-8280-d3cec7671828).html.

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Household Solid Waste Management has become problematic in urban areas especially in developing countries like Sri Lanka due to increased waste generation and financial constraints. The main objective of this research was to design an economic instrument with policy suggestions in order to address the household solid waste management problem in Dehiwala – the Mt. Lavinia Municipal Council area in Sri Lanka. In order to reduce the quantity of waste by encouraging sustainable solid waste management practices, the importance of a bag-based waste collection charge was identified. This study was undertaken using a sample of 300 households using a face-to-face questionnaire survey and a waste quantification study. The average daily household waste generation was found to be 1783.3g with daily per capita waste generation of 404.5g. The average composition of waste was; 85.6% organic, 4.9% paper, 2.8% plastic, 0.7% glass, 0.9% metal and 5.1% other waste. The determinants of daily per capita waste quantity in the regression models were; income, education level and the size of household. Waste separation practices are not at satisfactory levels. For the waste separation model; income, job percentage and the education level, frequency of waste collection, regularity of the collection and door-to-door collection were found to be the significant determinants. The linkage between awareness, attitudes and the behavioural intentions of the households regarding sustainable waste management practices were obtained by a principal component analysis. The Choice Experiment method indicated that households’ highest preferences were for “a source separated waste collection, a three times per week door-to-door waste collection with a zero monthly charge”. The average willingness to pay for an improved waste collection service was obtained using Contingent Valuation Method as Rs.9.49 per 5kg waste bag. The determinants of the willingness to pay were; income, quantity of waste, respondent’s age over 60 years, vehicle collection, once a week collection and twice a week collection. The charge level for a 5kg waste bag was determined as Rs.35.00 by considering the total cost of waste management, which was Rs.34.50. The average willingness to pay value of Rs.9.49 can be used in policy decisions in order to determine the charge level at the implementing stage and to subsidize low income households.

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Aretha, Aprilia. "HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA: EVALUATION ON HUMAN BEHAVIOUR, ECONOMY, AND GHG EMISSIONS." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215970.

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Hakaml, Bader A. "Evaluation of the household waste management system in the East of England, England, UK." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520437.

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Many countries around the world are currently trying to find new solutions to the growing problems related to household waste management. Landfilling is no longer being accepted as a sustainable method for waste disposal. Instead, the view has shifted to consider waste as a resource rather than rubbish. Simultaneously, all the environmental concerns related to landfilling have meant that an immediate response to the growing waste crisis needs to be urgently considered. In Europe, the EU has responded by launching a set of Directives which aim to limit the adverse impacts of land filling and increase diversion rates through recycling and responsible treatment of waste. These directives bound all EU countries and threaten significant fines against those which do not comply with the regulations. Performance wise, the UK is behind most of its other fellow EU countries, sending more than 75% of its municipal waste to landfill. As part of the UK, England is also burying most of its waste in landfill despite the concern over the availability of sufficient space for landfill in the future. Current statistics suggests that England's performance has improved since the implementation ofthe Waste Strategy for England and Wales in 2000. However, there continue to be growing fears that it might fail to achieve the 2013 and 2020 Landfill Directive targets. This study sought to evaluate the current household waste management system in the East of England which is one of the nine English regions. The evaluation aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system prior to recommending ways for further improvements. Three methods were applied in the evaluation; a statistical analysis, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with waste managers from local authorities and private waste contractors and a SWOT analysis. The outcomes indicated that several problems existed with the current household waste management system in the region. Some require immediate attention and need to be addressed before the system can be enhanced and future targets achieved. The study was also able to offer suggestions for alternative strategies which can be applied to improve the current system. Furthermore, suggestions made in this research can potentially be considered to improve the system in other regions provided that they share similar waste management, demographic and socio-economic characteristics with the East of England.

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Watanabe, Kohei. "The management and recycling of household waste in England and Japan : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411235.

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Njenga, Beatrice Khamati. "Urban waste management : the potential of household refuse for use in food and fuel production in Nairobi." Thesis, University of Salford, 1998. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26837/.

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Urban waste management poses problems in all cities of the world, but it also provides opportunities for innovative resource use. The Thesis begins by defining the waste management problem of Nairobi in context and then analytically reviews the international status of waste management, contrasting the circumstances in developed economies with those in Tropical Africa. An investigation of household refuse in Nairobi, exploring its embodied energy and its value for composting follows as the focus of the Thesis. Typical households were surveyed in relation to their waste management behaviour and agricultural activities. An attempt was made to analyse the physical and chemical composition of household refuse as well as its energy value. In addition to household surveys, a senior local government official and waste disposal crews were interviewed in order to ascertain current policies and management practices in the handling of waste. Particular attention was paid to the Eastlands area of the City. Ways in which refuse is incorporated into the food and energy cycles were identified. Among the important factors discerned are the role of family structure and the economic position of households. The validity of the research is discussed and recommendations are made for the future of waste management in relation to energy and food production in Nairobi. The findings of the research should have wide application in other African countries.

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Niu, Ru Xuan. "Life cycle assessment of solid waste collected from household in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2493033.

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Blair, Lisa Anne. "Hamilton County Solid Waste Management District An Internship." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1119026624.

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Araba, Adebisi Oluseun. "Household attitudes to solid waste management in developing country cities : a case study of Lagos, Nigeria." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12012.

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Lindström, Jenny. "Gör vi allt vi kan eller allt vi vill? : En undersökning om inställning till sortering och minskning av hushållsavfall inom enfamiljshushåll i Örnsköldsviks kommun." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184580.

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The aim of this study is to examine the main reasons for and obstacles to single family households sorting household waste. Focusing on a population between ages 35 and 45 and 65+, it also examines motivating factors, reasons, and obstacles to reduce total household waste. Worldwide, the problem of greenhouse gases and dioxins because of waste is still unresolved. The national environmental legislation state that everyone is responsible to handle their waste in a way that does not harm people or the environment. Previous investigations regarding waste, conducted by waste company Miva, situated in municipality of Örnsköldsvik, show that improvements can be done by the citizens. The current project involves a survey sent to 789 households and answered by 302. Results from the survey combined with eight telephone interviews showed the following: people sort their waste mainly for environmental reasons but sometimes they find it easier not to sort at all, often because of very dirty packaging or simply convenience. Both age groups have the will but do not experience the possibility to reduce their overall waste. Higher waste management cost does not motivate people to improve their recycling habits, but personal feedback seems to be an effective way to reach higher motivation. To reach further improvements and reduce waste the citizens of Örnsköldsvik might need to change their consumption habits and producers take their responsibility regarding packaging. Further research to what impacts consumer behaviour is needed.

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Moran, Enrique. "Improving waste management systems from households in Peru. : An economic, social and ecologic profitable investment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54504.

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In the waste management system of Peru, there is a lot to fix, change and improve from households areas. In this report is presented why and how necessary is the construction of landfills to have an appropriate place to dispose the waste of the collection .At the same time, the report shows how profitable can be from social, economic and ecologic way, with the investment of treatment plants that use biogas from the landfills to produce energy. Differents solutions – vehicle fuel production, electricity generation etc – are discussed in light of the different economy, geography and social situation in three selected cases.

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Kevnell, Stefan. "Avfallsförebyggande arbete i Norrbottens läns kommuner : En studie om kommunal avfallshantering och avfallsdirektivets påverkan." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105500.

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This study aims to evaluate the waste management in Norrbottens municipalities in key areas such as possibilities to reach the two national waste goals, information to the public, the effect of legislation, future of waste management and differences in geographic- and demographic areas. The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) issued by the EU and incorporated into Swedish law plays a major part in waste management by defining a hierarchy in five steps how waste should be treated. Interviews conducted with each of the fourteen municipalities aimed to find out what step in the hierarchy they are at and what effect the implementation of EU-legislature into Swedish law has had. Based on the interviews a diverse range of answers was found in relation to the questions asked, generally the more populated municipalities saw a more positive future of waste management, mainly because more developed infrastructure to handle waste is already in place. However the smaller the municipality is the harder it is to allocate resources for waste management and problems arise in the form of expensive transports of waste. A few municipalities think that the WFD has had a positive effect in the form of clearer responsibility for all parties involved in waste management but in general the answers point to a greater effect on a national level rather than a local. Regarding the national waste goals 7 of 14 municipalities believe they will reach the food waste goal but only 1 of 14 believe they will reach the construction waste goal.

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Ruberg, Claudia. "A destinação dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares em megacidades: o caso de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-17092006-222425/.

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A alta complexidade da destinação dos resíduos sólidos nas megacidades, como é o caso do Município de São Paulo advém, não apenas da grande quantidade de resíduos gerados, mas também da sua extensão urbana.Os dois aterros sanitários localizados na periferia da Capital paulista Bandeirantes e São João recebem, diariamente, doze mil toneladas de resíduos urbanos, dentre as quais quase nove mil de resíduos domiciliares. Esses aterros ocupam, respectivamente, 140 e 85 hectares e estarão esgotados até o início da próxima década. O mero afastamento dos resíduos, destinação amplamente empregada nos municípios brasileiros, tem se mostrado como uma opção pouco viável nas megacidades, principalmente devido aos problemas urbanos a ele associados. Faz-se mister reduzir, significativamente, o volume de resíduos enviados aos aterros, meta não alcançada somente com o emprego da reciclagem. Através da incineração tem-se a redução necessária, sendo essa tecnologia já utilizada em diversos países.Com objetivo de modificar a atual destinação dos resíduos domiciliares de São Paulo para um sistema de estações redutoras de volume associado ao sistema viário principal, foi elaborada a proposta de implantação de seis incineradores localizados nas imediações de um anel viário metropolitano. Em cada unidade foi previsto um buffer de vegetação com a finalidade de minimizar os ruídos e os particulados no entorno, bem como proteger visualmente a área.A distribuição de unidades de redução de volume de resíduos permitiu a montagem de um sistema mais racional de transporte, com a eliminação das estações de transferência de resíduos e a diminuição das distâncias de transporte.Essa proposta, que respeita o zoneamento e as áreas de proteção ambiental, visa diminuir a dependência de grandes áreas para aterramento dos resíduos, reduzir os problemas resultantes do deslocamento de veículos coletores, ao mesmo tempo em que minimiza os efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente.
The extreme complexity of the solid waste management in mega cities like São Paulo is caused not only by the great amount of waste the city generates, but also by its huge urban area.The two existent sanitary landfills located in the outskirts of the city of São Paulo namely Bandeirantes and São João receive twelve thousand metric tons of urban solid waste daily, almost nine thousand metric tons of which are originated by household waste. These sanitary landfills occupy 140 and 85 hectares respectively, and it has been prognosticated that both areas will close before the next decade. The simple waste removal to areas outside the urban perimeter, a waste management concept implemented by most Brazilian cities, has been proved inefficient when mega cities are concerned, mainly due to urban problems associated with it. It is then necessary to reduce significantly the amount of waste sent to the sanitary landfills, a goal that has not been reached by simply recycling the waste. The technology of incineration on the other hand is an alternative that promotes this reduction and has been successfully used in many countries. A proposal has been devised to change the present management of household waste in São Paulo city to a system of reduction stations of the amount of waste linked to the main metropolitan road system. This proposal consists on the implementation of six incinerators placed in the vicinity of the metropolitan ring road. Each unit includes a vegetation buffer that both reduces the noise and particulates in the surroundings, and protects the area from visual pollution. The distribution of waste reduction units allowed the implementation of a more rational system of transportation, resulting in the elimination of the waste transfer stations and the shortening of the transportation distances. This proposal pays heed to the zone division of the city and the areas under environment protection, and aims at reducing the destination of large areas to the burying of waste as well as reducing the problems caused by the flow of the collecting vehicles, at the same time that it lessens the negative effects on the environment.

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Rodolfo, Daniel Silva, Huang Anh Le, and Konrad Koch. "Feasibility assessment of anaerobic digestion technologies for household wastes in Vietnam." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227606.

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Anaerobic digestion technologies have been utilized in Vietnam for more than 30 years with thousands of domestic small scale plants, mostly for agricultural and livestock wastes. For municipal solid waste (MSW) the development of biogas plants is far below the current high waste generation rates. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a feasibility assessment of implementing AD to treat the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in Vietnam. For this purpose, an environmental analysis was performed comparing three treatment scenarios: two hypothetical AD technologies (a wet and a dry fermentation system) and the existing industrial composting facility at Nam Binh Duong Waste Treatment Complex in South Vietnam. This study sought for the technology to recover the most possible resources and energy from the OFMSW, and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results were then combined with a policy review to support a holistic approach on the feasibility of these technologies in Vietnam. The outcome indicates that by implementing the dry AD system, up to 16.7 GWh of power and 14.4 GWh of heat energy can be generated annually and it can potentially save up to 5,400 Mg of CO2 equivalent per year, presenting the highest resource/energy benefits. The performance of the wet system and composting facility present some advantages particularly if there is a previous segregation of the organic material from the rest of the household wastes. Moreover, current reforms in Vietnam demonstrate the government’s interest in AD technologies, translated into the development of fiscal and financial revenues which incentivize participation from the public and private sector. Finally, these technologies are constantly under development and have the potential to be further improved, which gives hopes that waste treatment systems can be optimized to meet the waste and energy challenges of the future generations
Phương pháp lên men kị khí đã được áp dụng tại Việt Nam từ hơn 30 năm nay với hàng nghìn các công trình nhỏ chủ yếu xử lý chất thải nông nghiệp và chăn nuôi. Sự phát triển hiện nay của các nhà máy sinh khí biogas còn quá ít cho xử lý lượng phát thải cao rác thải đô thị. Bài báo này trình bày các kết quả việc đánh giá tính khả thi khi áp dụng công nghệ lên men kị khí xử lý phần hữu cơ của chất thải rắn đô thị tại Việt Nam. Với mục đích này, phân tích môi trường được thực hiện để so sánh ba kịch bản xử lý: hai công nghệ lên men kị khí giả định (một cho công nghệ lên men ướt và một cho công nghệ lên men khô) và nhà máy hiện hữu lên men hiếu khí làm phân bón compost tại khu liên hợp xử lý chất thải Nam Bình Dương ở miền Nam Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này tìm kiếm giải pháp công nghệ để thu hồi nhiều nhất có thể các tài nguyên và năng lượng từ rác thải đô thị và và giảm phát thải khí nhà kính. Các kết quả sau đó được kết hợp với đánh giá chính sách để hỗ trợ cách tiếp cận toàn diện về tính khả thi của các công nghệ này vào Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy áp dụng công nghệ lên men kị khí khô có thể tạo ra đến 16,7 GWh điện năng và 14,4 GWh nhiệt năng hàng năm và có khả năng làm giảm đến 8,000 Mg CO2 tương đương mỗi năm, thể hiện lợi ích cao nhất giữa tài nguyên và năng lượng. Hiệu suất của hệ thống lên men kị khí ướt và lên men hiếu khí thể hiện một số lợi thế đặc biệt khi nguyên liệu hữu cơ cho quá trình lên men được tiền phân loại ra khỏi hỗn hợp rác sinh hoạt. Hơn nữa, các đổi mới hiện nay ở Việt Nam thể hiện sự quan tâm của Chính phủ đến các công nghệ lên men kị khí, thể hiện qua sự tăng trưởng tài chính và doanh thu để khuyến khích sự tham gia của khu vực công và tư nhân. Chắc chắn rằng các công nghệ sẽ liên tục được phát triển và có khả năng được cải tiến tốt hơn, mang đến cho chúng ta những hy vọng rằng các hệ thống xử lý chất thải được tối ưu hóa để đáp ứng được các thách thức về chất thải và năng lượng của các thế hệ tương lai

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23

Miafodzyeva, Sviatlana. "Understanding the Recycling Behaviour of Householders in Multicultural Urban Areas:Case Study Järva, Stockholm." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102503.

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Separating household waste into fractions at source is a common method of household waste collection in most European countries. In 1994 Sweden introduced producer liability legislation for packaging, which requires householders to sort, clean and recycle different types of packaging waste. The recycling behaviour of householders is complex and diverse and has been widely investigated. However, the recycling behaviour of householders living in multicultural urban areas has received less attention. Therefore, little is known about the recycling behaviour and attitudes of the ethnic minorities that comprise a sizeable proportion of many urban populations. This thesis examined recycling behaviour among multicultural householders in the urban area of Järva, north-west Stockholm, Sweden, which is home to a significant proportion of immigrants from different parts of the world. Three practical studies were conducted on the recycling behaviour of householders, with data collected through literature reviews, field screening studies for relevant cases, postal surveys and in-depth interviews with householders. A meta-analysis of studies on householder recycling behaviour published in the period 1990-2010 provided a conceptual framework for explaining recycling behaviour. It also revealed some specific features of the determining factors of recycling behaviour among householders in multicultural urban areas. For example, despite self-reported high levels of environmental concern among multicultural respondents in Järva, recycling behaviour was not determined by this factor but by attitudes towards recycling. The data also showed that the most widespread reason for participating in recycling schemes was acceptance of legal norms. The interview study indicated that providing clear, understandable and easily accessible written information in ethnic languages, supported by “word-of-mouth” information, would probably increase participation by Järva householders in recycling schemes. However, lifestyle and the ethnic origins of householders also influenced their waste generation and recycling behaviour. The methodological improvements presented here can help develop future strategies targeted at increasing the waste management behaviour of the important multicultural urban group, while also ensuring that limited resources are effectively used.
La separación de la basura doméstica en fracciones en el lugar donde se genera es uno de los métodos más comunes de recogida en la mayoría de países europeos. En 1994 se introdujo una ordenanza en Suecia sobre la responsabilidad del productor en el empaquetado. Esta ordenanza encomienda a los habitantes de las viviendas a clasificar los residuos, limpiarlos y clasificarlos en diferentes tipos. El comportamiento hacia el reciclaje de los habitantes es complejo y diverso al igual que otros comportamientos mediombientales y ha sido investigado en numerosas ocasiones. Desafortunadamente, este comportamiento cara al reciclaje en áreas urbanas multiculturales ha recibido poca atención y se conoce poco sobre la actitud hacia el reciclaje de las minorías étnicas que forman parte de la población urbana de Suecia. Esta tesis examina el comportamiento hacia el reciclaje entre los habitantes de una zona urbana multicultural del Noroeste de Estocolmo, Järva, en Suecia, en la que residen una proporción significante de inmigrantes procedentes de diferentes partes del mundo. Se han llevado a cabo tres estudios prácticos sobre el comportamiento hacia el reciclaje incluyendo datos recogidos en la bibliografía revisada, estudios de campo en algunos casos relevantes, encuestas a través de correo ordinario y entrevistas en profundidad con los habitantes. Los resultado del meta-análisis realizado sobre la actitud hacia el reciclaje publicados durante el periodo 1990-2010 indican un marco conceptual para la explicación de las formas de reciclaje. Sin embargo, los resultados de nuestro estudio revelan algunas especificidades en factores sobre el reciclaje en los habitantes de zonas multiculturales. Nuestros datos demuestran que, a pesar de un elevado nivel de compromiso medioambiental según las respuestas de los habitantes de Järva, el reciclaje no está determinado por este factor. Al contrario, las actitudes hacia el reciclaje tienen una correlación positiva y determinan los comportamientos entre los habitantes de Järva. Se ha demostrado que la principal razón para reciclar es la legalidad vigente. Los resultados de las entrevistas sugieren que una oferta clara, comprensible y de fácil acceso redactada en las diferentes lenguas de los grupos étnicos al igual que apoyada por la información transmitida “boca a boca” influiría en la participación de los habitantes de Järva. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que el estilo de vida y la diversidad étnica de la población influyen en la generación de residuos y el reciclaje. Esta tesis contribuye a un desarrollo metodológico que será útil para el futuro desarrollo de estrategias orientadas en la gestión de residuos al igual que asegurar un uso eficiente de los recursos.
Разделение бытовых отходов является распространенным методом сбора бытовых отходов в большенстве европейских стран. В 1994 году Швеция ввела законодательную ответственность производителей упаковки, которая включает требование раздельной сортировки упаковочного материяла населением для последующей ее переработки. Вопрос мотивации и участия населения в раздельном сборе бытовых отходов является сложным и многосторонним и был широко исследован. Тем не менее исследованию поведения и мотивации жителей многокультурных городских районов уделялось значительно меньше внимания. Мало что известо о мотивах участия в раздельном сборе бытовых отходов в отношении этнических меньшинств, которые составляют значительную часть городских мегаполисов. Данный тезис рассматривает мотивацию и участие населения в раздельном сборе бытовых отходов в многокультурном городском районе Järva, расположенном на северо-западе Стокгольма (Швеция). Järva явлается домом для большого числа иммигрантов из разных частей мира. Было проделанно три исследования по изучению участия населения в раздельном сборе бытовых отходов. Данные были собраны с помощью обозрений опубликованной литературы, непосредственного изучения поведения населения, анкетирования и развернутых интервью. С помощью мета-анализа литературы опубликованной в период с 1990 по 2010 годы были выделены концептуальные основы для обьяснения участия населения в раздельном сборе бытовых отходов. Также были выявлени характерные черты определяющие мотивы для участия населения из многонациональных городских районов. Не смотря на выявленный высокий уровень экологической обеспокоенности среди населения многокультурного района Järva, участие в раздельном сборе мусора не определяется этим фактором. Тогда как персональная мотивация по отношению к вторичной переработки отходов является движущим фактором к участию. Наиболее распространенной причиной для участия в раздельном сборе отходов стало принятие населением многокультурного района правовых норм. Интервью показали, что доступность ясной, краткой информации на национальных языках, так же как и передающаяся 'из уст в уста' информация увеличивает процент участия населения в раздельном сборе отходов. Тем не менее образ жизни и этническое происхождение влияет на состав произведенных населением отходов и их отношение к вторичной переработке. Результаты проведенных исследований направленны на усовершенствование будущих стратегий по привлечению населения многокультурных городских районнов к участию в раздельном сборе отходов, а также обеспечение того, что бы ограниченные ресурсы были использованны эффективно.

QC 20120927

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24

Rodolfo, Daniel Silva, Huang Anh Le, and Konrad Koch. "Feasibility assessment of anaerobic digestion technologies for household wastes in Vietnam." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30451.

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Anaerobic digestion technologies have been utilized in Vietnam for more than 30 years with thousands of domestic small scale plants, mostly for agricultural and livestock wastes. For municipal solid waste (MSW) the development of biogas plants is far below the current high waste generation rates. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a feasibility assessment of implementing AD to treat the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in Vietnam. For this purpose, an environmental analysis was performed comparing three treatment scenarios: two hypothetical AD technologies (a wet and a dry fermentation system) and the existing industrial composting facility at Nam Binh Duong Waste Treatment Complex in South Vietnam. This study sought for the technology to recover the most possible resources and energy from the OFMSW, and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results were then combined with a policy review to support a holistic approach on the feasibility of these technologies in Vietnam. The outcome indicates that by implementing the dry AD system, up to 16.7 GWh of power and 14.4 GWh of heat energy can be generated annually and it can potentially save up to 5,400 Mg of CO2 equivalent per year, presenting the highest resource/energy benefits. The performance of the wet system and composting facility present some advantages particularly if there is a previous segregation of the organic material from the rest of the household wastes. Moreover, current reforms in Vietnam demonstrate the government’s interest in AD technologies, translated into the development of fiscal and financial revenues which incentivize participation from the public and private sector. Finally, these technologies are constantly under development and have the potential to be further improved, which gives hopes that waste treatment systems can be optimized to meet the waste and energy challenges of the future generations.
Phương pháp lên men kị khí đã được áp dụng tại Việt Nam từ hơn 30 năm nay với hàng nghìn các công trình nhỏ chủ yếu xử lý chất thải nông nghiệp và chăn nuôi. Sự phát triển hiện nay của các nhà máy sinh khí biogas còn quá ít cho xử lý lượng phát thải cao rác thải đô thị. Bài báo này trình bày các kết quả việc đánh giá tính khả thi khi áp dụng công nghệ lên men kị khí xử lý phần hữu cơ của chất thải rắn đô thị tại Việt Nam. Với mục đích này, phân tích môi trường được thực hiện để so sánh ba kịch bản xử lý: hai công nghệ lên men kị khí giả định (một cho công nghệ lên men ướt và một cho công nghệ lên men khô) và nhà máy hiện hữu lên men hiếu khí làm phân bón compost tại khu liên hợp xử lý chất thải Nam Bình Dương ở miền Nam Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này tìm kiếm giải pháp công nghệ để thu hồi nhiều nhất có thể các tài nguyên và năng lượng từ rác thải đô thị và và giảm phát thải khí nhà kính. Các kết quả sau đó được kết hợp với đánh giá chính sách để hỗ trợ cách tiếp cận toàn diện về tính khả thi của các công nghệ này vào Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy áp dụng công nghệ lên men kị khí khô có thể tạo ra đến 16,7 GWh điện năng và 14,4 GWh nhiệt năng hàng năm và có khả năng làm giảm đến 8,000 Mg CO2 tương đương mỗi năm, thể hiện lợi ích cao nhất giữa tài nguyên và năng lượng. Hiệu suất của hệ thống lên men kị khí ướt và lên men hiếu khí thể hiện một số lợi thế đặc biệt khi nguyên liệu hữu cơ cho quá trình lên men được tiền phân loại ra khỏi hỗn hợp rác sinh hoạt. Hơn nữa, các đổi mới hiện nay ở Việt Nam thể hiện sự quan tâm của Chính phủ đến các công nghệ lên men kị khí, thể hiện qua sự tăng trưởng tài chính và doanh thu để khuyến khích sự tham gia của khu vực công và tư nhân. Chắc chắn rằng các công nghệ sẽ liên tục được phát triển và có khả năng được cải tiến tốt hơn, mang đến cho chúng ta những hy vọng rằng các hệ thống xử lý chất thải được tối ưu hóa để đáp ứng được các thách thức về chất thải và năng lượng của các thế hệ tương lai.

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25

Tierno, Ricardo. "Diagnóstico e sistematização de estratégias para a gestão dos resíduos domiciliares aplicáveis a políticas de planejamento urbano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-17072017-151753/.

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No início deste século são inúmeros os desafios que tangem à gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos nos municípios brasileiros. Os índices de geração aumentam a cada ano, os serviços de coleta e transporte não são universalizados, os índices de tratamento e valorização ainda são incipientes e muitos municípios utilizam formas ambientalmente inadequadas para a disposição final dos resíduos sólidos, mesmo depois do Decreto Federal nº 7.404/2010, que regulamentou a Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos. As cidades, como principais polos atratores do consumo de insumos e geradores de resíduos sólidos urbanos, constituem, por sua vez, o ambiente principal onde se realiza grande parte das atividades inerentes ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Portanto, as condições de desenvolvimento urbano, estabelecidas pelas políticas urbanas e seus instrumentos, influenciam diretamente na qualidade, desempenho e eficiência do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, principalmente daqueles de origem domiciliar. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi desenvolver uma abordagem integrada entre o planejamento urbano e os serviços de gerenciamento de resíduos domiciliares, investigando e analisando elementos e aspectos comuns, para propor estratégias sistematizadas no âmbito dos instrumentos urbanísticos, com vistas à eficientização e qualificação desses serviços e dos espaços urbanos utilizados. Após realizar a caracterização das etapas do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, identificou-se oito estratégias que poderiam ser introduzidas no âmbito do planejamento urbano. Em seguida, procedeu-se a um estudo de caso, uma área urbana sujeita à adensamento populacional e verticalização, localizada no bairro do Belenzinho, zona leste do município de São Paulo, onde, por meio da construção de cenários, simulou-se a aplicação das estratégias de planejamento urbano. Por fim, pode-se concluir que, em função das estratégias propostas, seria possível alcançar benefícios em relação à gestão dos resíduos domiciliares, justificando, portanto, a aplicabilidade dessas diretrizes em políticas de planejamento urbano aplicáveis a situações urbanas similares.
There are, today, numerous challenges regarding the management of solid waste in Brazilian cities. Regarding household waste, which is the subject of this study, generation rates increase each year, collection and transportation services are not universalized, treatment and valuation rates are still incipient, and many cities use environmentally inappropriate forms for final disposal of the waste, even after Federal Decree No. 7,404 / 2010, which regulated the National Policy on Solid Waste, established by Federal Law No. 12,305 of August 2, 2010. Cities, as the main poles attracting consumption of inputs and generators of solid waste of household origin, constitute the main environment where great parts of the solid waste management activities are carried out. Therefore, urban development conditions, established by urban policies and their instruments, directly influence the quality, performance and efficiency of waste management. The main objective of this study was to develop an integrated approach between urban planning and solid waste management services, investigating and analyzing common elements and aspects, proposing systematized strategies within urban planning instruments, with a view to the efficiency and qualification of these services and urban spaces used. After characterizing the stages of urban solid waste management, eight (8) strategies were identified that could be introduced in urban planning. The next step refers to a case study that took place in an urban area with population densification and verticalization, located in the neighborhood of \"Belenzinho\", in the eastern zone of the city of São Paulo, where urban planning strategies were simulated through the construction of specific scenarios. Finally, we can conclude that, according to the proposed strategies, it would be possible to achieve benefits regarding the management of household waste to justify the applicability of these strategies in urban planning policies applicable to similar urban situations.

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Bobeck, Michaela. "Organic Household Waste in Developing Countries : An overview of environmental and health consequences, and appropriate decentralised technologies and strategies for sustainable management." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11579.

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This paper reports on environmental impacts and health hazards as a result from inadequate management of organic household waste in developing countries. It gives details of water and soil contamination, air pollution and spread of diseases through expanding breeding grounds for pathogens, vectors and rodents. To manage this waste flow sustainably, decentralised composting and anaerobic digestions technologies have been studied to give an overall picture of existing appropriate technologies, including: windrow, box/bin/barrel, THM, aerated static pile, in-vessel, vermi, ARTI compact biogas digester and BARC’S NISARG-RUNA. Comparing different technologies showed that it is crucial to consider local conditions and markets when choosing which method to implement. However, the manual composting methods: windrow/box/bin/barrel, THM and vermi, are more likely to be appropriate in regard to current conditions in developing countries. A comparison between the environmental impacts of anaerobic digestion and composting did not result in a clear indication of which technology is most favourable. However, in the literature studied, biogas production showed an overall better energy balance, and composting a better result regarding nutrient recycling and xenobiotic compounds. In terms of the mitigation effect on global warming, the results varied essentially depending on the technology used and its loss of methane during the biogas production process. Finally, this paper investigates common constraints for implementation of the above-mentioned technologies, as well as recommendations for future projects. The study of general constraints revealed the need for directing attention to education, key consequences and benefits, co-operation, exchange of knowledge and bottom-up driving forces, for sustainable and successful implementation of organic household waste management practices in developing countries.

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Hassling, Andreas, and Simon Flink. "SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF A WASTE-FIRED CFB BOILER : Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression modeling (PLS-R)." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34979.

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Heat and electricity production along with waste management are two modern day challenges for society. One of the possible solution to both of them is the incineration of household waste to produce heat and electricity. Incineration is a waste-to-energy treatment process, which can reduce the need for landfills and save the use of more valuable fuels, thereby conserving natural resources. This report/paper investigates the performance and emissions of a municipal solid waste (MSW) fueled industrial boiler by performing a system identification analysis using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) modeling. The boiler is located in Västerås, Sweden and has a maximum capacity of 167MW. It produces heat and electricity for the city of Västerås and is operated by Mälarenergi AB. A dataset containing 148 different boilers variables, measured with a one hour interval over 2 years, was used for the system identification analysis. The dataset was visually inspected to remove obvious outliers before beginning the analysis using a multivariate data analysis software called The Unscrambler X (Version 10.3, CAMO Software, Norway). Correlations found using PCA was taken in account during the PLSR modelling where models were created for one response each. Some variables had an unexpected impact on the models while others were fully logical regarding combustion theory. Results found during the system analysis process are regarded as reliable. Any errors may be due to outlier data points and model inadequacies.

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Bodin, Robert. "To Reuse or to Incinerate? : A case study of the environmental impacts of two alternative waste management strategies for household textile waste in nine municipalities in northern Stockholm, Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192876.

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With an increasing human population in the world, textiles are part of current unsustainable consumption patterns. Unlike most other mass produced products available today however, textiles are often vital to satisfy human core needs, and cannot be considered superfluous. Textile materials can be problematic from an environmental perspective. Synthetics are made from non-renewable petroleum, while production natural textile materials are very resource intensive, and rely on non-renewable energy supplies. Many reports on textiles indicate that production and use have great environmental impacts compared to waste management. On the other hand, it is in the latter phase decided whether the textile should be reused, recycled or discarded. These different material flow alternatives greatly determine overall impacts, since the possibility of avoided production through reuse and recycling is an important factor to consider. The main goal of this report was, through the use of life cycle assessment (LCA), to evaluate the environmental impact of household textile waste management from reuse and disposal alternatives, when conducted through the activities of the Swedish waste management company SÖRAB. Two different waste management strategies/scenarios where compared: one centered around incineration of textile waste, specified as the incineration scenario, and one focused on a textile waste flow where the textiles are separated from household waste and sorted for reuse, recycling and incineration, specified as the reuse scenario. Due to the potential effects of displaced production through reuse and recycling, it was deemed important to additionally include the textile production phase besides the waste management phase in the LCA. Since the use of the textiles was considered outside of the sphere of influence of SÖRAB, this phase was excluded from the report. Results indicate that the reuse scenario is, in all impact categories investigated, preferable to the incineration scenario. The reason for this is the displaced production in the reuse scenario thanks to the fact that textiles sorted as reuse in the waste management phase are assumed to replace virgin textiles in the use phase. Since the production phase contributes with the vast majority of the environmental impacts, avoided production affects results greatly, by lowering total impacts. For a company like SÖRAB, the easiest way currently to contribute to lowering environmental impacts would be to inform and in different ways encourage households to increase sorting of textiles for reuse, instead of it being thrown in the household waste.

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Mbeng, Lawrence O. "The impact of public attitudes and behaviour on the effective valorisation of household organic waste into agricultural compost : case study Limbe and Douala - Cameroon." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2009. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2834/.

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Building on the development of a research agenda, the research used best practices in the UK and other developed countries to design the aims and objectives from which the methods were developed. Based on the research agenda, trends in household behaviour in Cameroon were examined in order to identify, and generate baseline information to provide a sound evidence base essential for robust policy development in education, capacity building in composting involving the third sector organizations in Cameroon. To determine attitudes, Q methodology was used. Factor analysis produced nine and eight factors representing distinct behavioural patterns of public concerns, opinions and beliefs in household waste management in Douala and Limbe. Interpreting these factors revealed 12 attitudes to household waste management practices and this will be used to design strategies. A waste composition analysis found the organic fraction >60% with the lowest per capita waste generation (0.86 kg) in the high income residential area (HIRA) and the highest (1.38 kg) in the low income residential area (LIRA) of Douala in the wet season. In the dry season, the medium income residential area (MIRA) had the highest (1.11 kg) with the lowest (0.71 kg) in the HIRA. For both seasons in Limbe, HIRA had the highest while the LIRA had the lowest. Pearson correlation and regression was used to show the relationship between waste generation and household size. The research determined barriers and success factors for composting as part of a strategy. Barriers included household hazardous waste (HHW) and odour at composting sites because more than 50% of the composted waste was food waste with high humidity especially in the wet season. This affected public acceptance to composting. A success factor is that the market for compost is increasing and is expected to increase to 30% by 2013. Added to this, more than 50% of the participating households showed positive intentions and willingness to composting. Hence, composting is expected to be a major economic activity for Cameroonians and become a national practice

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Dolejší, Gabriela. "Efektivnost nakládání s textilním odpadem v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113936.

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The purpose of this master thesis is to address two main ways of dealing with used textile material in Czech Republic. It compares textile material as a component of a household waste with textile material as a component of a segregated waste. The main question that the thesis and the research done within it addresses is whether the costs, associated with textile waste management coming as the result of administrative tools and legislative action plans mounted to it, are not too high. Based on a calculated model of cost structure of both above mentioned variants their comparison could be performed. Analysis of its results pointed out, that under certain given conditions and assumptions the system of segregated waste collection is, despite its higher costs, effective. The outcome of this master thesis is proposed possible scenarios used to optimize textile waste management in the context of economic science methodology, available data and primary research questions.

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Steingrube, Anna Pauline. "Integration of food stock management applications into everyday food practices : Tackling the food waste problem in households by supporting everyday food practices." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Människa-datorinteraktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447586.

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Household food waste levels pose a considerable problem in terms of sustainability. Food stock management applications for smartphones are interventions that support people in planning and keeping an overview of their food stock in order to reduce food waste. So far mainly their usability and effectiveness for reduction of food waste have been researched in HCI. This study aimed at investigating how these applications are being integrated into people’s food practices, and how their features contributed to the integration. In a three-week long field study seven participants used one of two applications in their daily lives. Through interviews and diary entries it was observed that some people integrated the applications into their food practices to replace other actions like checking one’s food stock. New connections to the food practices were created through expiration reminders and providing means to check the food stock from a distance. Reminders were seen as helpful even if not always necessary and can be seen as an opportunity to further support the integration process. The main issues for the integration were the high-effort adding processes and remembering to update the inventory after consumption.

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Kruis, Rianca. "Gevaarlike afval in huishoudelike afval : 'n gevallestudie / Rianca Kruis." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4972.

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Rapid population growth and urbanisation has resulted in a drastic increase in the volume of waste produced by the World populace. The resulting pressure on the country’s somewhat underdeveloped waste management infrastructure emphasizes the need for waste management solutions which balance environmental protection with economic sustainability. Waste is seen as an unwanted or surplus by-product, emission or residue of any process or activity which has been discarded, accumulated or stored for the purpose of discarding or future processing. Hazardous waste is waste that may, by circumstance of use, quantity, concentration or inherent physical, chemical or infectious characteristics, cause ill-health or an increased mortality rate in humans, fauna and/or flora. General waste on the other hand, is waste that does not pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment. Currently household waste is considered general waste even though it may contain hazardous components such as fluorescent tubes and/or other household chemicals. Promulgation of NEM: WA (no 59 of 2008) provides instruments for the implementation of the steps taken by the Department of Environmental Affairs to improve waste management in South Africa. Successful implementation and enforcement of the act will place the country at the forefront of progressive international standards in waste management. One of South Africa’s largest environmental and waste management challenges remains the presence of historical, hazardous waste landfill sites. Characterisation of the dangers that these sites pose to the environment is providing extremely difficult and expensive, as is the ongoing maintenance and management of these facilities – placing economic strain on national municipalities. This study was done in two phases. The first related to the hazardous waste components of household waste that is being dumped at landfill site and the methods of classification, handling and dumping of hazardous waste have been investigated. All the legislation was taken into consideration to see if the landfill sites comply with the latest legislation. The second phase was a comparison between three landfill sites. The management, work activities and general appearance of the sites have been compared internally. Then a comparison have been done between the following landfill sites Kwaggasrand landfill site in Tshwane, Weltevreden landfill site in Brakpan and an ideal landfill site developed in accordance with the Minimum Requirements documents published by of DEAT in 1998.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Tomacheski, Daiane. "Estudo de técnicas sustentáveis para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos no município de Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101214.

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A problemática sobre gestão dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil é amplamente divulgada, discutida e as consequências vistas por todos nas ruas não só das grandes cidades, mas também nos pequenos municípios. Os lixões sempre foram reconhecidos como forma inadequada de disposição final em todos os aspectos, pois possui efeito visual desagradável, traz riscos a saúde pública por facilitar a proliferação de vetores de doenças e atrair a população mais desfavorecida em busca de restos de alimentos e produtos de uso comum que posam ser útil, como roupas e utensílios domésticos; além do risco ambiental de contaminação do solo e das águas. Em discussão desde 1991, a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), sancionada através da Lei 12.305 de 10 de Agosto de 2010, finalmente traz ferramentas legais que obrigam os municípios a instalar a coleta seletiva para envio de materiais para a reciclagem. A ferramenta mais importante da PNRS é a obrigatoriedade da elaboração de Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS), que os munícipios devem apresentar para conseguir recursos da União visando implantar projetos relacionados ao tema. Este trabalho visa apresentar o embasamento teórico para a elaboração do PMGIRS do município de Imbé, uma cidade litorânea do Rio Grande do Sul. Para verificar questões técnico-operacionais foram visitadas Centrais de Triagem de quatro municípios: Três Coroas, Campo Bom, Novo Hamburgo e Dois Irmãos, visando avaliar as melhores formas de organização interna, sistemas de coleta e triagem. As melhores formas de tratamento, destinação e disposição foram avaliadas sob o embasamento da engenharia de materiais, através da pesquisa teórica em artigos que tratam sobre tema com auxílio da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, uma importante ferramenta que auxilia a mensurar os impactos ambientais relacionados ao ciclo de vida de um produto, desde a extração de matéria prima até a disposição final. Apesar de parecer simples, a implementação da coleta seletiva em um município se torna complexa quando analisada sob o enfoque do desenvolvimento sustentável, que preza pelo social, econômico e ambiental. Para atender as premissas do desenvolvimento sustentável, o PMGIRS de Imbé prioriza a inclusão de catadores na coleta seletiva, triagem e venda de materiais, recuperando o máximo possível de materiais para a reciclagem, dentro das possibilidades atuais do município, a compostagem da matéria orgânica deve iniciar em pequena escala com gradual expansão. O mínimo possível deve ser enviado para aterro sanitário, evitando a formação de chorume e a liberação de gases de efeitos estufa na atmosfera. Apesar de ser uma possibilidade considerada na PNRS, a reciclagem energética, mesmo que para rejeitos, deve ser profundamente estudada, já que os custos de instalação e manutenção são altos e exige alto controle para evitar a emissão de poluentes provenientes do processo de queima.
The problem of solid waste management in Brazil is widely disseminated, discussed and the consequences seen by all, not only in the big cities but also in small towns. The dumps have always been recognized as an inadequate form of final disposition in all aspects, as it has unpleasant visual effect and brings risks to public health by facilitating the proliferation of disease vectors and attracting the most disadvantaged people that look for scraps of food and useful products, like cloths and household items, besides the risk of environmental contamination of soil and water. Under discussion since 1991, the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), enacted by Law 12,305 of August 10, 2010, finally brings legal tools that require municipalities install the selective collect of materials to send to the recycling. The greatest tool of NSWP is the mandatory preparation of Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Plans (MISWP), that municipalities shall submit to get federal funds for projects related to the theme. This work presents the theoretical background behind the PMGIRS development of the municipality of Imbé, a coastal city of Rio Grande do Sul. To verify technical and operational issues of Sorting Centers four cities were visited: Três Coroas, Campo Bom, Novo Hamburgo and Dois Irmãos. It was evaluated the best form of internal organization, collection and sorting systems. The best forms of treatment, allocation and disposition were evaluated in the basement of materials engineering, through theoretical research articles that deal with the theme with the help of the Life Cycle Analysis, an important tool that helps to measure the environmental impacts related to life cycle of a product from cradle to grave. Although it seems simple, the implementation of selective collection in a municipality becomes complex when analyzed from the standpoint of sustainable development that values the social, economic and environment. To meet the assumptions of sustainable development, MISWP of Imbé prioritizes the inclusion of waste pickers in the selective collection, sorting and selling materials, recovering as much as possible material for mechanical recycling, within the current possibilities of the municipality, the composting of organic matter should start on a small scale with gradual expansion . As little as possible should be sent to landfill, avoiding the formation of slurry and the release of greenhouse effect gases in the atmosphere. Despite being considered a possibility in NSWP, energy recycling, even for tailings, should be thoroughly studied, since the cost of installation and maintenance is high and it requires high control to prevent the emission of pollutants from the burning process.

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Rodrigues, Angela Cassia. "Fluxo domiciliar de geração e destinação de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos no município de São Paulo/SP: caracterização e subsídios para políticas públicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-12032012-113745/.

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Introdução: O crescente consumo de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (EEE) e o processo acelerado de geração de resíduos é um fenômeno global, que vêm despertando interesse científico e político. Os resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE) contêm substâncias perigosas como metais pesados e retardantes de chama e quando manejados ou dispostos inadequadamente, causam impactos ao ambiente e à saúde. Diretrizes para a gestão têm sido propostas em diversas partes do mundo, especialmente na União Europeia. No Brasil ainda não há uma política pública específica para a gestão dos REEE. A gestão requer diagnóstico que considere as características dos dois fluxos existentes: o institucional e o domiciliar. O fluxo domiciliar é complexo e problemático por apresentar geração difusa e estar associado a comportamentos e práticas adotadas pelos proprietários dos produtos. Objetivo: Estudar o fluxo domiciliar de geração e destinação de REEE no município de São Paulo/SP, caracterizando as etapas de aquisição dos produtos, armazenagem no domicílio e descarte ao final da vida útil. Método: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa dos domicílios do município de São Paulo/SP (n=395). Foi utilizado questionário estruturado pré-elaborado para levantar informações sobre: características, quantidade e comportamentos relativos a 26 tipos de EEE. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, estimando-se o total de equipamentos existentes (em uso e fora de uso) e descartados nos domicílios. Além disso, realizou-se estudo de caso sobre a gestão dos REEE em Portugal à luz da política pública existente para os países da UE, por meio de entrevistas com uso de roteiros semi-estruturados, realizadas com os principais agentes envolvidos. Resultados: No município de São Paulo havia 71,8 milhões de EEE (IC95 por cento : 68,4-75,3), dos quais 8,8 milhões (IC95 por cento : 7,8-9,9) encontravam-se guardados (fora de uso). A média de equipamentos existente nos domicílios foi de 21 EEE/domicílio (IC95 por cento : 19,7-21,7). Embora a maioria dos relatos indicasse tentativa de prolongar o tempo de uso por meio do conserto (50,6 por cento ;IC95 por cento :45,9-55,9) havia limitações econômicas e técnicas; para 65 por cento o custo do conserto é o maior fator impeditivo. Nos últimos anos estimou-se que o descarte no município foi de 20,5 milhões (IC95 por cento : 18,7-22,4) de EEE, envolvendo destinação com intenção de reutilização (59,5 por cento ; IC95 por cento : 57,4-61,5), de reciclagem (20,4 por cento ; IC95 por cento :18,8-22,1) e 16 por cento (IC 95 por cento : 14,5-17,6) descarte no lixo comum. Subsídios para política específica foram apresentados: metas proporcionais aos produtos colocados no mercado; consideração da hierarquia da gestão priorizando a prevenção e a valorização dos REEE; facilitação da entrega por meio de ampla distribuição de pontos de recepção e informação e sensibilização dos usuários; sistema de informação que permita a rastreabilidade dos REEE; obrigatoriedade de autorização ambiental para os operadores de todas as etapas do gerenciamento de REEE. Concluiu-se que a gestão dos REEE necessita de marco regulatório especifico que contemple a responsabilidade estendida do produtor e o controle das condições de manejo e do destino
Introduction: The increasing consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and the accelerated waste generation process is a global phenomenon that has been attracting scientific and political interest. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) contains hazardous substances, such as heavy metals and flame-retardants, and, when improperly handled or disposed of, has an impact on the environment and health. Management guidelines for this kind of waste have been proposed around the world, especially in the European Union. In Brazil, there is currently no specific policy for WEEE management. This management requires diagnosis that takes into account the characteristics of the two existing flows: the institutional and the household flows. The household flow is complex and problematic in view of its diffuse generation and for its association with behaviors and practices adopted by the product owners. Objective: To study the household flow arising from the WEEE generation and disposal in the City of São Paulo, State of São Paulo, describing the stages of product acquisition, household storage, and disposal at the end of its life. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based representative sample research of households in the City of São Paulo, State of São Paulo (n=395). A previously prepared structured questionnaire was used to assess information on: characteristics, quantities, and behavior regarding 26 types of EEE. Data descriptive analyses were performed with an estimate of the total number of existing (in use and out of use) and discarded equipment in household. In addition, a case study on the WEEE management in Portugal under the existing public policy for the EU countries has been carried out through interviews using semi-structured scripts with key stakeholders. Results: In São Paulo, there were 71.8 million EEE (95 per cent CI: 68.4-75.3), 8.8 million (95 per cent CI: 7.8-9.9) of which were stored (out of use). On average, 21 EEE are found in each home (95 per cent CI: 19.7-21.7). Although most reports indicate an attempt to extend the EEE use through repairs (50.6 per cent ; 95 per cent CI: 45.9-55.9), there are economic and technical limitations (65 per cent of the respondents pointed out the repair cost is the biggest impediment). In the last 5 years, it is estimated that, in the City of São Paulo, 20.5 million (95 per cent CI:18.7-22.4) EEE have been discarded, as follows: for intended reuse (59.5 per cent ; 95 per cent CI: 57.4-61.5), for recycling (20.4 per cent ; 95 per cent CI: 18.8-22.1) and as ordinary waste (16 per cent ; 95 per cent CI: 14.5-17.6). The following elements for a specific policy has been provided: goals that commensurate the number of products in the market; consideration of management hierarchy, prioritizing the WEEE prevention and recovery; facilitation of their delivery through wide distribution of the reception points and information to and awareness of users; an information system allowing the WEEE tracking; mandatory environmental clearance for operators in all stages of WEEE management. Our conclusion is that WEEE management requires a specific regulatory framework, including extended producer responsibility and control of handling conditions and disposal

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Bremer, Christina. "Not (B)interested? Using Persuasive Technology to Promote Sustainable Household Recycling Behaviour : An Identification and Implementation of Key Elements with Focus on Young Adults in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360382.

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As waste is separated at the source, the success of the Swedish recycling system largely depends on an active participation of households. However, especially young people were found to not consistently follow their local recycling schemes. A recent and promising approach to tackle such suboptimal household recycling behaviour (HRB) is the use of persuasive technology. To understand and further its context-specific potential, this research aims to explore the key elements of persuasive technology which aspires to promote sustainable household recycling behaviour among adults in Sweden. The chosen methodology is research through design. Based on the results of a literature review and online survey among target users (N=50), a mobile phone application was designed in an iterative manner. Through these activities, the following key elements were established: (1) easy access to information about optimal household recycling behaviour, (2) employment of several motivational strategies, (3) recognition of differences between local recycling schemes, (4) regard of users as equals and (5) use of a readily accessible technology channel. The impact of these elements depends on the users’ ability to carry out the target behaviour and therefore on a well-functioning recycling system. The technological format of persuasive technology interventions was found to spark the target users’ curiosity. Using this as a ‘carrot’, a well-designed content is argued to encourage repeated use and a reflection process to help break unsustainable household recycling habits.
Eftersom avfall separeras vid dess källa, beror Sveriges återvinningssystems framgång i stor utsträckning på aktivt deltagande hushåll. Studier har visat att särskilt unga inte följer lokala återvinningsrutiner på ett konsekvent sätt. Ett nytt och lovande tillvägagångssätt för att hantera detta suboptimala hushållsåtervinningsbeteende (English: household recycling behaviour (HRB)) är användningen av övertygande teknik. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska de viktigaste delarna av övertygande teknik som strävar till att främja ett hållbart hushållsåtervinningsbeteende hos vuxna i Sverige. Den valda metodiken är forskningsdriven design. Baserat på resultat från en litteraturstudie samt en online enkätundersökning fokuserad på målgruppen unga (N=50), designades en mobilapplikation genom ett iterativt tillvägagångssätt. Studien identifierade följande nyckelelement för en övertygande design i domänen: (1) Lättillgänglig information angående optimalt hushållsåtervinningsbeteende, (2) Användning av flera motivationsstrategier, (3) Identifiering av skillnader mellan lokala återvinningsrutiner, (4) Betrakta användare som jämställda och (5) Användning av lättillgänglig teknikkanal. Effekterna av dessa element är beroende av att användarna även har möjlighet att utföra den önskade sopsorteringen, och därför på ett välfungerande återvinningssystem. Designlösningen att använda sig av övertygande teknik i form av en app visade sig väcka målanvändarnas nyfikenhet. Studien visar att en väldesignad app kan fungera som en 'morot' för att uppmuntra användning över en längre tid, och skapa en reflektionsprocess som kan bryta ohållbara återvinningsvanor.

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Topanou, Attindekoun. "Gestion des déchets solides ménagers dans la ville d'Abomey-Calavi (Bénin) : Caractérisation et essais de valorisation par compostage." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4807/document.

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Face à la forte croissance démographique et spatiale de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi, l'augmentation qualitative et quantitative des déchets solides ménagers, la pratique de plus en plus généralisée du remblai des bas fonds par les déchets solides ménagers, l'inexistence des décharges intermédiaires et finales autorisées et, la fragilité de la nappe phréatique de par sa faible profondeur, il est impérieux que les actions idoines soient entreprises en vue d'une gestion efficace et pérenne des DSM de cette ville. L'objectif de cette étude a été, donc, de proposer une filière efficace et pérenne de gestion des déchets solides ménagers de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi afin de contribuer à la réduction des flux de ses déchets.La connaissance du gisement des déchets solides ménagers, dans son approche sociologique et qualitative en termes de composition étant la première étape dans la mise en oeuvre efficace d'une filière de gestion des déchets. Une enquête sociologique a été faite auprès de 200 personnes, actrices à différents niveaux de la gestion des DSM de la ville d'Abomey-Calavi. De même, le présent travail a, d'une part procédé à une caractérisation des déchets solides ménagers en fonction du standing et de la saison, d'autre part étudié l'impact des déchets solides ménagers sur les eaux des puits situés sur les bas fonds et, enfin s'en est suivi des essais de fabrication de compost en fonction des différents constituants. Nos résultats ont révélé qu'indépendamment du standing de vie, les quantités de déchets solides ménagers produits sont plus élevées les week-ends et particulièrement, le dimanche où elles sont le double des quantités produites les autres jours de la semaine
Considering the, (i) high population and spatial growth of the Abomey-Calavi city (Benin), (ii) qualitative and quantitative increase of the household solid waste in the town of Abomey - Calavi, (iii) a more and more generalized practice of embankment of wet zones by household solid waste (HSW), (iv) non-existence of municipal landfills and, (v) fragility of the groundwater due to its weak depth, it's necessary that appropriate actions are achieved with the aim of an effective and long-term management of the household solid waste. The aim of this study was to propose an effective and long-term plan of management of Abomey-Calavi HSW. Knowledge of household-solid-waste quality and sociological point of view are the first step in an effective implementation of waste management spinneret. A sociological investigation was made with 200 persons, dealing on various levels with solid wastes in the Abomey-Calavi city. Also, the present study has, on one hand, characterized HSW according to standing of life and season, on the other hand, has investigated the impact of the HSW on waters of wells located in waste-impacted zones and, finally carried out tests of composting taking in account various compositions. Our results revealed that whatever the standing of life, the production of household solid wastes is more important during weekends and specially, on Sundays: twice more larger than those produced the other days of the week. About 0.89 kg of HSW per capita is produced on average every day. The management of HSW in Abomey - Calavi city, which can be termed pre-collection-based, is felt as bad by 80 % of HSW-careers and 50 % of the town council investigated employees

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Agbesola, Yetunde. "Sustainability of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Nigeria : A Case Study of Lagos." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97010.

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Waste generation is an unavoidable product of man’s activities, however, sustainable management of such waste is a challenge faced in many countries today. Nigeria, a developing country in Africa, has been in a quandary of how to efficiently manage the municipal solid waste its population generates. Many states in the country lack adequate plans and infrastructure required for efficient and sustainable management of municipal solid waste. For Lagos, the most populous and popular state in Nigeria, the problem is further compounded by its rather large and still increasing population. In this research, Lagos is taken as a case study; the extant trend for solid waste handling in households, trends in the formal and informal sector as regards solid waste management from household collection to final disposal are focused upon. Many countries, particularly the developed ones, have employed options in the waste management hierarchy for sustainable management of their municipal solid waste and the blend of options employed is usually highly dependent on local factors. Following the waste management hierarchy, possible options for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Lagos are discussed. It is concluded that waste reduction, reuse, recycling and composting are potential management options for the state. Landfilling will remain an important option for final disposal but reliance on this method could be significantly reduced if management options are exploited to the maximum in a sustainable solid waste management structure.

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Nguyen, Thi Thuy Linh. "Analyse économique de la gestion des déchets ménagers au Vietnam : le cas des villes de Hanoi et d'Hochiminh." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0220/document.

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Cette thèse propose une analyse économique de la gestion des déchets ménagers au Vietnam.Après avoir étudié les différents acteurs et leurs domaines de compétence à l’échellenationale, elle cible plus particulièrement les zones urbaines du pays afin d’identifier la naturedes déchets produits, les modalités de régulation et de financement de leur gestion. Parailleurs, une évaluation des comportements des ménages en faveur de l'amélioration de lagestion des déchets ménagers est proposée à partir d’une évaluation contingente. A partird’une enquête réalisée auprès de 416 ménages dans la ville de Hanoï et de 444 ménages dansla ville d’Ho Chi Minh, l’estimation du consentement à payer (via la méthode d’Heckman)révèle que les ménages sont disposés à payer respectivement environ 0.51 euros et 0.56 eurospar mois par ménage pour une amélioration de la qualité du service d’élimination des déchetsménagers. Les résultats de cette étude empirique sont également mobilisés pour proposer desrecommandations concrètes visant à assurer une plus grande efficacité dans la gestion desdéchets au Vietnam
This thesis provides an economic analysis of household waste management in Vietnam. Afterstudying the various stakeholders and their fields of competence at the national level, ittargets the urban areas of the country in particular in order to identify the nature of the wasteproduced and the regulation and financing conditions for its management. Furthermore, anassessment of household behavior vis-à-vis the improvement of household waste managementis proposed using a contingent evaluation. Starting from a survey carried out on 416households in the city of Hanoi and 444 households in Ho Chi Minh City, an estimation of thewillingness to pay (using the Heckman method) reveals that households are prepared to payabout 0.51 euros and 0.56 euros per month per household respectively to improve the qualityof service of household waste disposal. The results of this empirical study are also used topropose concrete recommendations aiming to ensure greater efficiency in household wastemanagement in Vietnam

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Massukado, Luciana Miyoko. "Sistema de apoio à decisão: avaliação de cenários de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4292.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLMM.pdf: 1919944 bytes, checksum: 108acfc4b2de1a03a59e073772ecb8cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-08-12
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The amount of waste generated by human activities associated with the decrease of appropriate final disposal sites have been presented as one of the great challenges to be faced by local administrations as well as by waste generating communities. Nowadays, household solid waste management is analyzed according to Descartes and Newton models, which are characterized by the separation and analysis of a system through its parts, resulting in isolated and narrow sighted decisions. Aspects such as the lack of technical training and financial resources contribute to this ongoing scenario. Considering the exposed problem this work aims to develop a decision support system to support the managers in the evaluation household solid waste management scenarios. The method consisted in defining and delimiting the work field of decision support system, followed by the construction of a conceptual model based on the acquired knowledge. The model was then translated in action screens and decision workflows, which were programmed in Delphi 6.0. The Extreme Programming (XP) methodology was applied, meaning that programmer and cognitive agent act together in the code of the system. Finally, the validation of the SIMGERE software in São Carlos (São Paulo State) was made in two moments - first on program s usability, in other words, if the system is friendly and easy understanding by user for treating of a new environment for him and; second on the coherence of the results obtained by the simulation of the municipal household solid waste management. For São Carlos case study, the landfill lifetime projection, nearly 2 years, was coherent with the expected. However, the economical simulation needs to be revised in order to better reflect the current management model.
A quantidade de resíduos gerada pela atividade humana aliada a diminuição de locais adequados para a disposição final têm se apresentado como um dos grandes desafios a serem enfrentados não só pelas administrações municipais como também por toda a comunidade geradora de resíduos. Atualmente a gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares é tratada segundo o modelo reducionista de Descartes e Newton, caracterizada pela separação e análise de partes do sistema, resultando em tomadas de decisão isoladas e pontuais. Aspectos, como a carência de capacitação técnica e de recursos financeiros, contribuem para a continuidade deste cenário. Ciente desta problemática e incorporando alguns princípios do pensamento sistêmico, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um sistema de apoio à decisão na perspectiva de auxiliar os gestores na avaliação de cenários de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos domiciliares. O método consistiu, primeiramente, em definir e delimitar o campo de trabalho do sistema de apoio à decisão seguindo-se para a construção do modelo conceitual com base no conhecimento adquirido na literatura pertinente, para depois traduzi-lo em telas de ação e fluxogramas de decisão, atividade imprescindível para a próxima etapa. Terminado estes procedimentos iniciou-se a codificação do modelo em linguagem de programação (Delphi 6.0). Esta etapa foi realizada aplicando a metodologia Extreme Programming (XP) em que o programador e o agente cognitivo atuam juntos na codificação do sistema. Por fim, a aplicação em São Carlos (SP) possibilitou verificar a validação do software SIMGERE em dois momentos primeiro com relação à usabilidade do programa, ou seja, se o sistema é amigável e de fácil compreensão para o usuário por se tratar de um ambiente novo para ele e, segundo com relação à coerência dos resultados obtidos para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares do município. Concluiu-se que, para o caso de São Carlos (SP) a projeção da vida útil do aterro sanitário, estimada em aproximadamente mais 2 anos, foi coerente com o esperado, porém a simulação econômica precisa ser revisada de forma a refletir corretamente o modelo de gestão atualmente empregado.

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Kessler, Angelika. "Aspects socio-économiques d'un compost phytosanitaire issu des ordures appliqué dans l'agriculture périurbaine en Afrique de l'Ouest." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15087.

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Im EU finanzierten Projekt "Die Verwendung von kompostiertem Haushaltsmüll in der vorstädtischen Landwirtschaft von Westafrika als Pflanzenschutzmittel", das in Rufisque im Senegal, Conakry und Timbi Madîna in der Republik Guinea sowie Lomé und Tsévié im Togo von 1999 bis 2002 stattfand, wurden die Daten für diese Arbeit erhoben. Diese Orte sind hauptsächlich von Wolofs, Fulfulbe, Sussus und Ewes bewohnt. Ihre Größe variert zwischen 4 000 und 1,4 Mill. Einwohner. Es wurden städtische Gemüsebau- und vorstädtische Ackerbausysteme untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Einführung von Kompost als Pflanzenschutzmittel zu erleichtern. Dazu wurden Bereitschaften untersucht: die der städtischen Haushalte Biomüll zu sammeln und die der vorstädtischen Bauern Kompost aus Haushaltsmüll als Pflanzenschutzmittel einzusetzen. Dafür wurden standardisierte Befragungen von 1802 Bauern und 1775 Haushalten durchgeführt. Etwa 10 % dieser Antworten wurden in 18 logistischen Regressionsmodellen mit Interaktionen des 1. Grades analysiert. Den Modellen wurden die qualitativen Ergebnissen aus den standardisierten, halbstandardisierten und unstrukturierten Interviews sowie Beobachtungen und Einzelfallstudien gegenübergestellt. Daraus läßt sich schließen, dass es keine traditionellen Hemmnisse gegen Biomüllsammlung und -verarbeitung, sowie die Verwendung von Kompost aus Müll gibt. Wilde Deponien stören die Einwohner. Sie sind bereit sich finanziell an einer Müllsammlung zu beteiligen. Für die Mülltrennung brauchen sie zusätzliche, an Klima und Menge angepasste Mülltonnen. Die Haushalte wollen geringere Müllgebühren bezahlen, wenn sie Müll trennen. Müllsammen ist rentable. Eine transparente Buchführung der Müllgebühren ist unerlässlich für die Nachhaltigkeit. Für eine Kompoststation eignet sich am besten eine Kleinstadt mit vielen Müllproblemen und noch ohne Müllsammelorganisation sowie mit vielen Gemüsebauern mit einem hohen Krankheitsbewußtsein. Die Kompostherstellung ist sehr arbeitsintensiv und nur rentable, wenn der Kompost zu Pflanzenschutzmittelpreisen verkauft werden kann. Kompost ist in Westafrika bekannt. Die Verwendung von Kompost als Pflanzenschutzmittel gegen bodenbürtige Krankheiten ist eine Neuerung. Daher benötigt eine Kompoststation ein sehr wirksames Marketing.
By the EU financed project called "Utilisation of composted waste from urban households in the peri-urban agriculture for plant protection purpose in West Africa" with took place in Rufisque in Senegal, Conakry and Timbi Madîna in the Republic of Guinea the same as Lomé and Tsévié in Togo from 1999 to 2002, the data which are the base of this study have been collected. These towns are mainly settled by Wolofs, Fulanis, Sussus and Ewes. The size of the towns varies from 4 000 to 1.4 mill inhabitants. Production systems of urban vegetable farmers as well as peri-urban rain fed farmers have been investigated. The objective was to analyse the willingness of household, to collect organic waste, and of farmers, to use composted household waste for plant protection, to facilitate the introduction of compost for phytosanitary purpose. Hence standardised interviews of 1802 farmers and 1775 households have been done. About 10 % of the answers have been standardised in a way which allowed analysing them in 18 models of logistic regression with the first level of interactions. The results of the models have been compared to the qualitative results of the standardised, the half standardised and the unstructured interviews as well as the observations and the case studies. We find out that: There are no traditional obstacles inhibiting the collection of organic waste, the processing and the use of compost. Wild waste heaps disturb the people. They are ready to participate financially on waste collection. For the separation of waste the households need bins adapted to the climate and to the amount of waste. Anyway households separating waste would like to pay reduced waste fees. The waste collection is actually a rentable economic activity. A conflict avoiding accountability for waste fees is essential for the long lasting of a waste collection organisation. An optimal place for a compost station is a small rural town with many waste problems, without an institutionalised waste collection and with many vegetable farmers aware of diseases. The production of compost is very labour-intensive and rentable only if the compost is sold on organic pesticide prices. Compost is well known in West Africa. The innovation would be the application of compost for pest treatment of soil related diseases. Therefore a compost station needs a very efficient marketing.

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Mbiadjeu-Lawou, Sosthène Parole. "Quelle économie circulaire spontanée pour une ville moyenne camerounaise ? : Le cas des déchets solides ménagers de Bangangté (Cameroun)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3007/document.

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Pour appréhender l'économie circulaire spontanée à Bangangté, ville moyenne camerounaise, avec le cas des déchets solides ménagers, nous avons formulé une hypothèse principale montrant les liens forts des pratiques alternatives ou spontanées de cette gestion avec l’économie circulaire. Pour y parvenir, nous avons adopté une approche transversale, explicative et analytique. Des recherches documentaires nous ont permis d’obtenir des données relatives à notre problématique. Sur la base d’un échantillonnage aléatoire, nous avons enquêté 200 ménages dans 10 quartiers de la ville de Bangangté. De plus, nous avons réalisé 30 entretiens avec plusieurs acteurs : administration publique en charge de la gestion des déchets, entreprise Hygiène et Salubrité du Cameroun (HYSACAM), récupérateurs, emplois verts, associations, etc. Des observations empiriques, souvent illustrées, nous ont permis d’identifier et d’évaluer les facteurs de risques et les conséquences liés aux déchets solides ménagers. Nous avons pu suivre les activités de valorisation par les bangangtéens et la municipalité, pour une gestion efficace et rentable de ces déchets. Cette démarche nous a permis d’obtenir des résultats sur la caractérisation des déchets, les pratiques courantes, les filières de l’économie circulaire et la réalisation de la cartographie des gisements et composition des déchets, leur répartition par quantités et par quartiers, les sites de transformation et de vente des matières de récupération et de recyclage. A Bangangté, la pratique de l’économie circulaire de proximité a eu des conséquences socio-économiques positives et à plus de durabilité
To understand the spontaneous circular economy of Bangangte, a Cameroonian medium-sized city, with the case of solid household waste, we formulate a main hypothesis showing the strongly linked that alternative or spontaneous practices for managing to the circular economy. To achieve this, we have adopted a transversal, explanatory and analytical approach. Documentary research permitted us to obtain data related to our topic. Based on a random sample, we surveyed 200 households in 10 neighbourhoods or quarters in Bangangte city. In addition, we conducted 30 interviews with several stakeholders : public administration in charge of waste management, Cameroon Sanitary and Hygene company (HYSACAM), reclaimers, green jobs, association, etc. Empirical observations, often illustrated, allowed us to identify and assess the risk factors and consequences related to household solid waste. We were able to monitor the recovery activities by the Bangangteans and the municipality, for the efficient and profitable waste management. This approach has enabled us to obtain results on waste characterization, current practices and the mapping of waste deposits and compostion, their distribution by quantity and neighbourhood, and the processing and sale sites for recovery and recycling materials. Knowledge of the different perceptions and ways of using waste is also important. In Bangangte, the practice of the local circular economy has had positive socio-economic and has generated more than a hundred local jobs in the field of recovery, recycling activities, composting, reuse,etc. to go further, the mutualization between several actors

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Beall, Jo. "Households, livelihoods and the urban environment : social development perspectives on solid waste management in Faisalabad, Pakistan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360706.

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Lui, Kon-hung. "A preliminary study of the management of toxic, hazardous and difficult household wastes in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457208.

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Åberg, Helena. "Sustainable waste management in households from international policy to everyday practice : experiences from two Swedish field studies /." Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/45542448.html.

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Abdiju, Kushtrim. "Exploring a New Way of Food Inventory Management in Households Using Modern Technologies to Reduce Food Waste." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89391.

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Food waste is becoming an increasing threat to the environment and the economy. Estimates indicate that annually, a third of the food produced around the world ends up being wasted. Only one-fourth of that food is enough to take nearly a billion people out of starvation. Food waste is especially higher in more developed countries, including most of the states in the European Union and the USA. Sector-wise, food is being lost from field to fork, with households topping the charts. Overbuying, not knowing what already is in the fridge, unaware of the food until it eventually expires, are among the most common reasons that contribute to the food waste. The potential prevention of such massive waste could significantly reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions around the world and help the economy of the households including all the parties involved in food production, distributing and retailing. On the other hand, technology has progressed in very rapid steps. The advancement of AI, ML, IoT, and voice-enabled devices has revolutionized many industries and has made us more efficient as human beings. Unfortunately, these advancements haven't yet had any significant impact in assisting families with their food choices and in preventing them from overbuying and throwing food away. Most of the proposed solutions addressing this issue, do not get integrated into everyday life. That is because they require a lot of manual input, rely entirely on mobile phones, do not show immediate results to keep users motivated, and on top of all, for the sole fact that modern lives are quite complex, and although an important issue, food waste is not an everyday cause of concern of an average person. This thesis takes into account all of the shortcomings of the previous works and aims to create a more sustainable solution by exploring new ways of food inventory management in the households by automating the process so that users don't have to manually enter the data themselves. The proposed solution consists of a device that should be easily mounted into any fridge and acts as an interface between users and their food inventory. The device contains a bar-code scanner for the item input and a back-end that is capable of recognizing the item and can in return show user-friendly and valuable information such as the approximate price of the item, the approximate due date etc. and notifies users when an item is about to expire so that they can take appropriate actions. 7 out of 9 participants in the final conceptual design study said they would use this solution in their homes. The rest of the results from the designed test cases indicate a clear excitement and interest in participants and a willingness to see the prototype in the finished state, all the comments and insights together with the future work and how the feedback will be used into the next iteration are part of the final discussion of this thesis.

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Lapourré, Tibor, Olga Keynonen, and Zartash Tahir Bajwa. "Beyond an individual’s responsibility : co-creative loop for behavioral change regarding food waste management in Swedish households." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95915.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study food consumption and food waste-related behavior in Swedish households and propose ideas that could be further developed intosustainable initiatives helping to reduce food waste and create efficient food wastemanagement. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study has been designed as an explanatory case studywhere a holistic view of the studied phenomenon is presented. Therefore, a flexiblemethodology based on the combination of constructionism and interpretivism has beenfollowed; using an inductive approach, mixed qualitative-quantitative strategy, and innovativemethods of data collection and data analysis. Findings: The key empirical finding regarding studied phenomena was identifying a gapbetween household awareness regarding sustainable everyday lifestyle and existing food wastemanagement system. Moreover, this study has brought a deeper understanding that joint workof society, business, science, and the government is needed to create synergic food wastemanagement at the household level. Research limitations: The critical situation caused by Covid-19 has limited this research.Because of that, all team working processes, the subject matter expert interviews, selfcompletion questionnaire, and focus group have been conducted online, which may have animpact on the results. Practical implications: The practical value of this study includes two directions regarding foodwaste reduction and food waste management. The first part of initiatives aims to increasehousehold sustainable awareness and knowledge; the second part intends to develop andimplement innovative facilitates and tools at the household level. Social implications: This study shows a significant potential to increase the interest of societyin sustainable food consumption and food waste-related behavior. Sustainable initiatives thatare offered in this study, reflect sustainable development goals and can change people's way ofthinking in terms of being a part of the sustainable planet. Originality: The proposed co-creative loop, as a set of sustainable initiatives with collaborationbetween all stakeholders, helps to bridge the gap between household awareness and food wastemanagement and allows developing ideas in different conditions at different levels in terms ofinnovative value

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Lui, Kon-hung, and 呂幹雄. "A preliminary study of the management of toxic, hazardous and difficult household wastes in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253465.

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Nshimirimana, Jules. "Attitudes and behaviour of low-income households towards the management of domestic solid waste in Tafelsig, Mitchell's Plain." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Solid waste management in South Africa has been focussing on the technical issues of waste disposal with little attention paid to the social and economic aspects of households. It is important to find out the impact of the attitude and perception of households on solid waste management, especially in low-income areas to be able to deal with the deplorabe domestic solid waste management in such areas. The quantity of solid waste generated in low-income areas is often assumed to be less than the solid waste generated in high-income neighbourhoods. In most of the townships of low-income households in Cape Town, the residents live next to mountains of solid waste which is not the case in middle and high income areas. This clearly has a negative effect on the environment and human health. Tafelsig is one of the low-income Cape Flats townships where the open spaces and green areas are dumping areas. The small yard that people own is often unclean. The aim of the study was to examine how households residing in the low-income neighbourhood (Tafelsig, Mitchell's Plain) view domestic solid waste and its management. The study explored the perceptions, attitudes and behaviour of these households towards the production and management of sold waste. Issues relating to the degradation of their environment and to solid waste mismanagement were also examined.

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Koné, Noukignon. "L'accès des ménages abidjanais aux services de collecte des déchets : 3 essais d'évaluation des bénéfices." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR097.

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L’augmentation de la quantité des déchets ménagers dans le District d’Abidjan constitue une pression énorme pour l’environement et la santé des populations. Les soutiens ponctuels des organismes internationaux tels que la Banque Mondiale et la présence de nombreux acteurs (Etat, institutions internationales, acteurs locaux) n’ont pas empêché la persistance de la problématique de la gestion des déchets dans l’agglomération abidjanaise. La faiblesse du rendement et du taux de recouvrement de la Taxe d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères imputée aux ménages pour la gestion des ordures, ne permet pas de répondre aux besoins de financement de la filière. Ainsi, cette thèse analyse les conditions et effets de l’accès des ménages d’Abidjan à un service amélioré de collecte des déchets. Pour cela, nous avons mené une enquête d’évaluation contingente (consentement à payer). En recourant à un modèle de choix discret (probit), nous avons pu mettre en évidence le lien entre les caractéristiques des ménages et leur volonté à participer à une gestion améliorée de leurs ordures. Nous avons démontré l’existence d’un lien entre l’accès à des services de collecte des déchets et aux latrines améliorées. Ce résultat va dans le sens des ODD qui préconisent une gestion intégrée de l’assainissement. Le recours à une méthode d’appariement a permis d’évaluer, de manière originale, les bénéfices du recours à un service informel de pré-collecte des déchets pour les ménages enquêtés. Les déterminants de la demande avérée pour un service informel ont d’abord été identifiés. L’indice de richesse (richesse matérielle), le genre, la durée de stockage des ordures, le fait que le ménage considère les maladies comme étant le problème majeur lié aux déchets, sont les facteurs qui expliquent le recours à un service de pré-collecte de leurs ordures. Par ailleurs, ce recours génère, d’après les résultats de la modélisation, des bénéfices socio-économiques quantifiables en termes d’une part, de développement socio-économique et humain et d’autre part, en termes de solutions de financement de la filière par la mise en place d’une taxe incitative (au ramassage des ordures). Enfin, à l’aide de la méthode des prix hédonistes appliquée aux données de notre enquête, nous avons identifié une relation positive entre les équipements de base d’un logement tel que l’accès à l’eau, à l’électricité et aux latrines et le prix des loyers. En revanche, la faible qualité du service actuel de collecte des ordures ménagères dans les quartiers enquêtés ou le fait que la charge liée à la collecte soit récurrente, expliqueraient sa non influence sur le prix locatif des logements
The increase in amount of household wastes in Abidjan is an enormous strain on the environment and on the health of local populations.Support from international institutions such as the World Bank and the presence of many actors (State, international institutions and local actors) have not prevented the persistence of the waste management problem in Abidjan. In this thesis, we analyse the conditions and implications of households for improved waste collection service in Abidjan. For this, we conducted a contingent valuation survey (willingness to pay). By using a discrete choice (probit) model, we were able to highlight the link between household characteristics and their willingness to participate in improved waste management. We have demonstrated a link between access to waste collection services and improved latrines. This result is in line with the SDGs, which advocate integrated sanitation management.At first, the determinants of the demand turned out for an informal service were identified. The wealth index, the gender, the duration of storage of the garbage, the fact that the household considers the diseases as being the major problem bound to waste, are the factors which explain the recourse to a service of pre-collection of their garbage. Besides, this recourse generates, according to the results of the modelling, quantifiable socioeconomic profits in terms of socioeconomic and human development in the first hand and on the other hand, in terms of solutions of financing of the sector by the implementation of an incentive tax. Finally, by using the hedonic price method, which applied to our survey data, we identified a positive relationship between the basic attachments of a dwelling such as access to water, electricity and latrines and the price of rents. On the other hand, the low quality of the current garbage collection service would explain its no-influence on the rental price of housing

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Yudoko, Gatot. "Exploring the potential of integrated municipal solid waste planning and management in developing countries, a case study in the municipality of Bandung, Indonesia with a focus on households." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51241.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Household waste management'

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