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Sdino, Leopoldo, and Paola Castagnino. "Housing Affordability Index: Real Estate Market and Housing Situations." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.527.
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One of the main problems in defining strategies for the real estate market (whether in terms of planning and, therefore, in public administration, or whether of a considerably more speculative nature, and therefore, in the private sector) lies in the operator’s less than perfect knowledge of the aspects of supply and demand, due to the real estate market’s characteristics. The prerequisite to starting or sustaining virtuous dynamics in territorial development is knowledge of the real estate market, an area that has now been widely studied, in terms of the potential for economic, social and territorial development. This paper proposes the application of a synthetic index, the Housing Affordability Index (HAI), which was developed in detail at the municipality level to identify areas where housing is inadequate. The territorial scope includes Northwest regions of Italy, Liguria and Lombardy. HAI describes what happened and must then be understood conducing multi-disciplinary examinations, intended to explain why it happened.
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Kleshcheva, Olga. "Determinants of housing affordability in the region." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127405005.
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The issue of providing the population with affordable housing is one of the most pressing social concerns. Each region necessitates a distinct approach. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that influence a housing affordability level in the region, analyze the impact mechanisms inherent in them, and assess the quantitative impact of these factors on the housing affordability index. The following factors have a direct impact on housing affordability: the rate of inflation, the population size, the cost of housing, the loan interest rate, the rate of housing construction, the investment scale, the income level of the population, and the economic system's overall development level. The quantitative assessment of the cumulative impact of these factors on the level of housing affordability is based on building a regression model describing how the housing affordability index in the region depends on multiple factors and assessing its reliability. The simulation model confirmed that the supply, demand, and housing market conditions have the greatest impact on housing affordability in the region.
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Osman, Mariana Mohamed, Siti Wahidah Muhamad Yusop, Syafiee Shuid, and Muhammad Faris Abdullah. "Housing Affordability Index for Districts in Perak." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 7 (2017): 6049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9202.
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Chernyavsky, A. P., and T. V. Pirogova. "Methods and tools for improving the efficiency of the financial mechanism for solving housing problems in the subjects of the Siberian Federal District." Siberian Financial School, no. 3 (November 30, 2023): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/1993-4386-2023-3-42-56.
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The article deals with the issues of housing affordability for citizens of the Siberian Federal District, the implementation of existing mortgage and non-mortgage programs on its territory, the rating of the subjects of the Russian Federation on housing affordability is assessed; the results of calculations of housing affordability index according to the methodology of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Construction of Russia) are analyzed, the problems of insufficient measures by states to increase housing affordability.
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MUSADDAD, HAFIRDA, Selamah Maamor, and Zairy Zainol. "AFFORDABILITY OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN NORTHERN REGION OF MALAYSIA." Malaysian Management Journal 27 (July 27, 2023): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/mmj2023.27.8.
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The problem of housing affordability has emerged as a significant concern in urban centers, particularly in emerging countries. Whileeach country defines affordability differently, housing affordability refers to the capacity to possess a residential property or dwellingthat satisfies fundamental living requirements in relation to its price, standard, and whereabouts. However, the majority of generallycomprised of individuals and families with lower to moderate incomes, residing in various urban areas across Malaysia find itdifficult to purchase a home. The aim of this research is to evaluate the housing affordability index in Malaysia’s Northern Region (Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Perak, and Perlis) by proposing a maximum affordable housing cost determined by income level. The findings revealed that the housing affordability index has deteriorated as a result of growing income-price inequalities. It is suggested that government or housing policy makers to be responsible to establish a fair housing price that is determined through convincing and widely accepted judgments. Establishing prices could be based on genuine supply and demand dynamics, rather than being influenced by unfair trading practices, manipulation, or exploitation.
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Magno-Ballesteros, Marife, Tatum Ramos, and Jenica Ancheta. "Measuring Housing Affordability in the Philippines." Philippine Journal of Development 48, no. 01 (2024): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/pjd2024.48.1b.
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This study evaluates housing affordability using other methods beyond the standard 30 percent income benchmark. By employing the Housing Affordability Index, which considers median family income and average housing prices, the authors find that most Filipino households are income-constrained in purchasing homes. Using the residual income method alongside the 30 percent income standard reveals that the latter overestimates affordability for poorer households, with housing stress particularly evident among low-income groups. The study highlights that socialized and economic housing projects are increasingly situated on the urban fringes, limiting housing options for low- and middle-income households in cities. With residential prices outpacing income growth, the government faces two key objectives: improving housing conditions for poor and vulnerable households and curbing speculative increases in property prices. Proposed solutions include innovative housing interventions and regulatory measures to control property market speculation and ensure affordability.
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Rangel, Gary John, Jason Wei Jian Ng, Thangarajah Thiyagarajan Murugasu, and Wai Ching Poon. "Measuring Malaysian housing affordability: the lifetime income approach." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 12, no. 5 (2019): 966–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-02-2019-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the long-run housing affordability of Malaysia over time for households at various income levels and to demonstrate how short- and long-run affordability measures can reach contradicting conclusions. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a long-run housing affordability index (HAI) for Malaysia was constructed for the sample period 1995 to 2014, using data from house prices and household incomes. The HAI was also modified to compute a mortgage affordability index (MAI) to account for intergenerational transfers. Findings The results show that households at the 25th income percentile cannot afford any of the four dwelling types in Malaysia. For households at the 40th income percentile and the median income levels, high-rise and terrace housing are affordable. However, significant downward trends in HAI and MAI are documented beginning 2009, which indicates increasing housing stress for households at or below the median income. The short-run affordability measure represented by the median multiple (MM) indicator showed bleaker conclusion for housing affordability, with all dwelling types considered unaffordable over the entire sample period Practical implications On the basis of the empirical results, this paper provided several long-term proposals to ameliorate the housing affordability problem in Malaysia. Originality/value With the MM ratio being the official affordability measure reported for Malaysia, this study introduces the nation’s first long-run housing affordability measure. It is hoped that this long-run measure will achieve widespread adoption in Malaysia. Given the deteriorating long-term affordability, this study offers several possible long-term solutions.
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Qi, Xi Jing, Huan Zhang, Bing Xue Guan, and Liang Zhao. "The Analysis of Housing Consumption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1931.
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This paper reveals generating mechanism and reasons of housing consumption by analyzing potential demand and the effective demand. Based on defect analysis of house price-to-income ratio and factors of influencing housing affordability, this paper puts forward the establishing method and process of resident housing affordability index. Finally, in order to keep the housing prices in a reasonable range and active the consumption of the urban residents, the corresponding measures and suggestions are put forward based on present residents housing affordability.
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Slavata, David, Eva Ardielli, and Marta Maciejasz. "Comparison of Housing Affordability in Czech and Polish Regions." Review of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 1 (2024): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2024-0002.
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Abstract Great differences are observed in the way of living, the quality of living, and the type of property ownership in individual countries of the world. However, housing affordability is currently a significant issue in every developed country. At the same time, it is also an important factor of economic development on both the national and regional level. The paper is focused on the comparison of housing affordability in the Czech and Polish regions. The presented research combines four different commonly used indicators of housing affordability (financial and physical) into a newly defined index and applies it to the Czech Republic and Poland regions for the period 2020-2022. The aim is the comparison of Czech and Polish regions according to the selected housing indicators and calculated standard housing affordability index SAI, which is a newly created index compiled by the authors. The result of the research is a calculation of housing availability in a total of 30 Czech and Polish regions and a comparison of the development of housing availability in 2020 and 2022 in these regions. The result of the research is the finding that the availability of housing in the Czech regions is on average lower than in the Polish regions and, in addition, that the availability has decreased compared to 2020 in both the Czech and Polish regions by 2022.
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Uselis, Yan. "INCREASING THE LEVEL OF HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF A CONSTITUENT ENTITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." MOSCOW ECONOMIC JOURNAL 9, no. 8 (2024): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55186/2413046x_2024_9_8_359.
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The study addresses the issue of reducing the level of housing affordability for citizens in recent years. The results of calculating the housing affordability index (LDI) are analyzed. The emphasis is placed on the need to develop a segment of low-rise real estate in conjunction with the program proposed by the author for the gratuitous provision of land plots for targeted individual housing development (CIHS). The level of accessibility of housing and communal services in the Leningrad region has been calculated, as well as the necessary land bank required for the implementation of the proposed preferential program to increase housing affordability for citizens.
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Ivanitskiy, V. V. "Methodology for Measuring Housing Affordability." Economy of Regions 20, no. 3 (2024): 851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-3-16.
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As the basis of many social institutions, family greatly contributes to regional and national development. Housing affordability is an indicator of the standard of living in a region, which ultimately determines its ranking. The paper proposes to use the housing affordability coefficient, based mainly on the stages of creation and development of a social unit (family), which considers the influence of life circumstances (obstacles) on purchasing a house by a particular family in a particular region. This indicator includes two components: a constant of the period of savings accumulation by the family from the beginning of pregnancy until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years and the mortgage period. The housing affordability coefficient was tested on data for the Russian Federation, as well as for two regions of the Central Federal District (with the lowest and highest housing costs). The paper emphasises that the index of real estate affordability should have a specific value that can be perceived and imagined. The article provides a comparative analysis of the author’s and generally accepted in Russia methods of analysis for the period 2006–2021. A significant improvement in housing affordability was observed at the end of the examined period due to the presence and increase in maternity capital, the permission to use it as a down payment, the reduction by banks of the down payment and the mortgage rate. The author’s methodology more clearly confirmed the hypothesis that life circumstances (obstacles) greatly affect housing affordability, significantly increasing the values of the housing affordability coefficient. The findings can be used to compile a regional ranking in general and to assess the regional housing sector in particular.
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Овсянникова, Т. Ю., О. В. Рабцевич, М. Н. Николаенко, and И. В. Югова. "Housing affordability as a target indicator of pro-competitive housing policy." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(135) (January 10, 2022): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.135.10.099.
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В статье предлагается методический подход к оценке эффективности проконкурентной жилищной политики, основанный на расчёте индекса доступности жилья. Оценка доступности жилья для населения проведена на примере Томской области. Расчет индекса доступности был выполнен авторами, при существующей структуре рынка и сложившемся уровне цен и при изменении рыночной структуры и установлении конкурентных цен. Расчеты показали, что при установлении конкурентных цен на жилье в результате ограничения рыночной власти компаний - доминирующих на рынке, повысится доступность жилья и сократить период накопления домохозяйствами средств на приобретение жилья на 0,5 года. Данная методика может быть полезна органам антимонопольного регулирования при оценке результативности проконкурентной политики в регионе. The article proposes a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of a pro-competitive housing policy, based on the calculation of the housing affordability index. The assessment of the affordability of housing for the population was carried out on the example of the Tomsk region. The calculation of the affordability index was carried out by the authors, with the existing market structure and the prevailing price level and with a change in the market structure and the establishment of competitive prices. Calculations have shown that when competitive prices for housing are established as a result of restricting the market power of companies dominating the market, the affordability of housing will increase and the period of accumulation of funds by households for the purchase of housing under construction will be reduced by 0.5 years. This technique can be useful to the antitrust authorities in assessing the effectiveness of the pro-competition policy in the region.
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Rao, Prabhat Kumar, Arindam Biswas, Gaurav Singh, Tabish Ahmed Abdullah, and Vaibhav Kulshrestha. "Role of transportation cost in housing affordability for the urban poor in the metropolitan cities in India- a case of Lucknow." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 6, no. 3 (2023): 484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i3.1552.
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Housing affordability is conventionally measured by the thumb rule of 30% of monthly income spent on housing. This thumb rule does not consider location, transportation cost, or accessibility. However, if a residence is far away and requires expensive travel, it is not actually affordable. Multiple planning goals can be accomplished by increasing the availability of inexpensive housing in convenient places, including decreasing transport costs, improving economic opportunities for underprivileged groups, lowering accident risk, conserving energy, and lowering pollution emissions. An H+T affordability index is a tool that is recently developed by researchers to assess the overall cost of housing and transportation relative to household income for different locations in a city. Researchers have recently developed a metric called the H+T affordability index to assess the entire cost of housing and transportation relative to household income for various areas of a city. This analysis is used in the study of Lucknow, India. The results show that households in suburban areas spend more than 57% of their monthly income on housing and transportation than those living in central zones and they spend only 45% of their income on these expenses. This aligns with the findings of other urban regions' studies. This demonstrates the viability of housing and transportation affordability analysis to discover inexpensive and sustainable development in developing countries.
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Roshchina, Ianina, and Natalia Ilyunkina. "Impact of Government Measures to Support Mortgage Lending on Housing Affordability in Russia: Regional Evidence." Russian Journal of Money and Finance 80, no. 4 (2021): 98–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.31477/rjmf.202104.98.
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This study investigates housing affordability in Russia: factors of affordability, quantitative indicators, and government support measures. We are especially interested in the mortgage rate subsidy programmes that were implemented in 2015–2016 and 2020–2021 and their impact on housing affordability indicators. In order to evaluate impact of the first programme, we use a model of the real estate market and we decompose the index of housing affordability into different factors. As a result of our econometric analysis, we conclude that in general the programme was successful. Data about the second programme are not yet sufficient, so we evaluate its impact by a statistical analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators. We conclude that the impact is ambiguous: up until a particular moment (different in different regions), borrowers could benefit from the programme, but after that moment the increase in housing prices caused by the programme itself were exceeding the benefits from the subsidised rates. In conclusion, we provide some methods to improve the effectiveness of government measures to support housing affordability, which could be useful in the development of new programmes.
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Wu, Haijin, Guofang Zhai, and Wei Chen. "Combined Rental and Transportation Affordability under China’s Public Rental Housing System—A Case Study of Nanjing." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218771.
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As a core element of China’s housing security system, public rental housing (PRH) has gradually become an effective means of providing low- and moderately low-income groups with viable housing options and is regarded as the embodiment of housing justice values under the Chinese socialist system. Affordability for the groups covered by this system is crucial to its sustainable positive role. By modifying the housing and transportation affordability index (H&TAI) equation proposed by the Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) and Center for Transit-Oriented Development (CTOD), United States, this paper establishes a novel rental and transportation affordability index (R&TAI), introduces transportation-time-cost and comprehensive-transportation-cost concepts and obtains transportation-time-cost data through accessibility analysis, which are incorporated into calculations of comprehensive transportation cost with the ArcGIS spatial analysis software. Based on the ratio of the combined cost of rental housing and transportation to household residual income (RI), this paper studies and measures the combined affordability for low- and moderately low-income residents under the PRH system. The burden of high combined rental and transportation costs not only greatly reduces residents’ ability to cope but also limits sustainable PRH system development, exacerbating the gaps between social strata. This study and its conclusions provide a reference for the Chinese government for reforming the macro-housing system and practically regulating the housing market while providing residents with options to reduce their comprehensive burden and improve their quality of life.
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Suhaida, M. S., N. M. Tawil, N. Hamzah, A. I. Che-Ani, H. Basri, and M. Y. Yuzainee. "Housing Affordability: A Conceptual Overview for House Price Index." Procedia Engineering 20 (2011): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.176.
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Bourassa, Steven C., and Donald Haurin. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 20, no. 3 (2017): 251–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100243.
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This paper outlines an approach to constructing a Dynamic Housing Affordability Index (DHAI) that reflects the anticipated cost of owner-occupied housing and performs well in tracking changes in the demand for homeownership and other aspects of the housing market. Our index is grounded in the user cost theory and influenced by variations in the price of housing, mortgage interest and property tax rates, property insurance, transaction costs, and depreciation and maintenance. It takes into account the benefits from U.S. income tax deductions for mortgage interest and property taxes, and considers the role of expected house price inflation in reducing the cost of housing. We show that the DHAI is correlated with national and regional consumer sentiment which reflects the demand for owner-occupied housing, regional and metropolitan statistical area (MSA) homeownership rates, housing market characteristics including housing starts, and sales of new and existing housing. There is evidence that the DHAI performs better than other popular measures of affordability.
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Chua, Anderson Chen Lu, Jerome Kueh, Sze Wei Yong, Josephine Yau, and Audrey Liwan. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Housing Affordability Index: Vector Autoregressive Model." Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 5, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v5i2.14214.
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This paper aims to investigate the short and long term association between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and overall consumer affordability in Malaysia Real Estate Sector using Vector Autoregressive model. Sample period used is 2009:Q1 to 2017:Q4. FDI is scapegoated as the leading cause of decreasing affordability in real estate. In most cases, FDI on real estate contributes to the rising income of the country. Increasing income promotes demand to a higher threshold level. Thus, theoretically will cause housing price to increase. Through this study, evidence of no cointegration and absence of Granger causality converge towards deficiency of relationship among FDI and Housing Affordability Index (HAI). Findings pointed out FDI is not the cause of decreasing HAI.
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Li, Dai Yuan, Cong Wei Xie, Shu Hao Chen, and Xiu Xiang Zou. "Research on the Pricing of Shared Ownership Housing." Applied Economics and Finance 6, no. 1 (2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i1.3832.
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To a great extent, the abnormal phenomena of profit making in speculation houses will disappear and the rigid housing demand of ordinary families will be resolved by shared ownership housing. Starting from the consumption structure of the target group of the shared ownership housing, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the pilot cities that have implemented the shared ownership housing through literature review and data survey, empirically analyses the deviation degree of house rent and the unbalanced situation of residents' housing affordability, and studies the rent of the shared ownership housing and the unbalanced situation of residents' housing affordability through panel data model. Through the comprehensive index of housing affordability to find out the best proportion of the rent of shared ownership housing in the monthly income of young workers aged 20-35, and then get the monthly rent, give relevant feasible suggestions. The research shows that government departments should implement the common property right housing from the aspects of reducing land transferring fees and taxes, strengthening the qualification examination mechanism and so on.
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Dewi, Restiana. "Analisis Keterjangkauan Properti Residensial Pada Wilayah Jawa-Bali." JURNAL DINAMIKA EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN 5, no. 2 (2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jdep.5.2.110-120.
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In addition to the problem of the availability of residential stock from the supply side, there are problems from the demand side regarding people's purchasing power in reaching housing prices, or often referred to as afordability problems. This study investigates the affordability of the median income group and the lowest 40% income group from the expenditure approach of the national economic survey (susenas, 2020). The calculation of affordability using the installment affordability index approach, with the object of research in the Java-Bali region consisting of DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, DI Yogyakarta, Banten and Bali. The results showed that the installment affordability index (IKC) in the DKI Jakarta and Banten areas showed a value above 1, this means that the community is still able to reach small-type residential property loan installments according to the price limit for treaded welfare homes set by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing. (PUPR). However, for people in West Java, Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta and Bali, the IKC value is below 1, meaning that with a median income and an upper limit of 40% of the lowest income in these areas cannot reach small-type housing installments. The problem of affordability will become a development problem, especially in achieving the SDG's goals which have a target in 2030, the community has access to adequate, safe, and affordable housing.
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Cao, Mengqiu, and Robin Hickman. "Car dependence and housing affordability: An emerging social deprivation issue in London?" Urban Studies 55, no. 10 (2017): 2088–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017712682.
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This paper investigates the combined problem of high car dependence and housing affordability, in view of likely continued volatility in oil prices (and hence higher petrol and diesel prices), and rising house prices. Household budgets are likely to be stretched where there are high levels of car dependency and housing unaffordability – with little flexibility for rising costs in either or both of these. A composite car dependence and housing affordability (CDHA) index is developed, using indices of oil vulnerability related to car travel and housing affordability. Greater London is used as the case study, with 2001 and 2011 data analysed at the level of Lower Super Output Areas, and presented using Geographic Information System and R statistical software. The findings reveal that there are high levels of composite car dependence and housing price vulnerability in many suburban areas across Greater London, adding to the previous areas of social deprivation found mainly in East London. The composite CDHA index illustrates where the most vulnerable areas are spatially. Many neighbourhoods may become less attractive for those on median or even relatively high incomes. The areas most affected may become much more expensive to live in, potentially leading to much greater pressure on travel and housing costs as people could be forced to live further from the centre of London, including beyond the Greater London boundary, which has further implications for travel. Failing to consider these emerging affordability issues represents an oversight in terms of transport planning in London.
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Чуканов, Андрей, and Andrey Chukanov. "Justification of Tools for Estimating Regional Mortgage Lending." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 7, no. 3 (2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5cfdfe1b73ade0.35723914.
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In this article, for the growth of mortgage lending in Russia, a complex coefficient for the development level of mortgage lending was created — the Regional housing affordability ratio. The article considers the regulatory framework of the domestic mortgage, to identify marks-indicators of the mortgage state for targeted programs. The key indicator was identified — the housing affordability ratio used in the Mortgage Development Strategy until 2020, and the absence of a similar indicator in the new priority project Mortgage and Rental Housing was noted. The author studies the advantages and non-delivery of housing affordability factor with the account of the modern scientific base. Based on the adjusted housing affordability coefficient proposed by A. Kulikov and V. Yaninin, a regional housing affordability index was developed together with a methodology for calculating it based on the available statistical data. The possibilities of purchasing housing on credit by the population in different regions were determined, and the possibility of using the coefficient for grouping regions using cluster analysis to identify the uneven development of mortgages in Russia was presented. The proposed coefficient can be used as a mortgage status indicator in the regions, used to create differentiated econometric models of mortgage lending and the development of a mortgage policy that takes into account the peculiarities of Russian regions.
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Liu, Fang, and Chen Liang. "Exploring Chinese house prices affordability in the context of confucian culture." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0325274. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325274.
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Considering the notable influence of traditional Confucian culture on China’s housing market, this study introduces an innovative index to quantify the magnitude of the real estate bubble within China, employing a familial generational iterative model. Utilizing rent-buy policy as a conceptual framework, our research constructs a difference-in-differences model to investigate the impact of macroeconomic policies on the housing bubble phenomenon. Empirical observations from 2022 reveal pronounced bubble dynamics in first and second-tier cities, while housing prices in third and fourth-tier cities, alongside select fifth-tier cities, exhibit a declining trend. On a national scale, apart from minor affordability observed during 2005–2007, no significant affordability was identified in other years, with the housing price bubble index demonstrating a downward trajectory from 2020 to 2022. Furthermore, the implementation of the rent-buy policy that equality the rights of renter and owner has directly influenced the housing market, notably mitigating the overall escalation of housing prices. Additional analysis indicates that the rent-and-buy policy has been more successful in curbing price hikes in newly constructed and smaller-sized housing units compared to second-hand and larger-scale properties.
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Yap, Jeffrey Boon Hui, and Xin Hua Ng. "Housing affordability in Malaysia: perception, price range, influencing factors and policies." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 3 (2018): 476–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2017-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the affordability of Malaysian housing market, sufficiency of affordable housing and factors influencing the housing affordability in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach In this study, qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten industry practitioners from developers and real estate agencies and further validation with three industry experts. Findings The findings reveal that housing affordability is a grave concern to average Malaysians, and the supply of affordable housing is insufficient in the current residential property market. Income, property price, land cost and demand and supply are identified as significant factors affecting housing affordability. Research limitations/implications The research findings provide an insight rather than definitive information, as the small sample size could limit the generalizability of the findings. Future research can include participants from the public sector and focus on the policy options. Practical implications This paper provided numerous policies to ensure successful deliverability of affordable housing which eases government to partner with private sector to formulate a systematic framework for implementation of affordable housing programs and schemes. Social implications There is a need for government to pay more attention to housing needs of middle-income groups. Also, the government is urged to ensure transparent balloting process in every implementation of affordable housing programs. Originality/value The paper emphasised the issues of undersupply of affordable housing and mismatch of property price and income. The paper also highlights the key reasons behind high housing affordability index. Hence, it is hoped that this paper will encourage positive debate and gain some attention from the policymakers, practitioners and researchers in Malaysia and beyond.
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Lee, Seok-Hee, and Jae-Man Lim. "Limits and Improvement Directions of Housing Affordability Index in Korea." Korean Association for Housing Policy Studies 25, no. 2 (2017): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.24957/hsr.2017.25.2.95.
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Davletov, I., R. Khalilov, and K. Murodova. "Issues of Providing Housing for the Population in the Conditions of Accelerating Urbanization." Bulletin of Science and Practice 11, no. 5 (2025): 372–79. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/114/52.
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Examines the issues of housing development under the influence of economic, demographic and urbanization factors in providing the population of Uzbekistan with quality and affordable housing, as well as issues of improving mortgage lending mechanisms as a tool for providing housing to all segments of the population. It also substantiates the “housing affordability index” adequate to the current level of socio-economic development of the country.
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Chong, Fennee. "Housing Price, Mortgage Interest Rate and Immigration." Real Estate Management and Valuation 28, no. 3 (2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remav-2020-0022.
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AbstractHousing price in New Zealand has appreciated substantially after the Global Financial Crisis, resulting in an affordability problem for first home buyers. This paper studies whether changes in immigration activity and mortgage interest rate influence housing price. Empirical findings derived using VECM confirm the impact of immigration and mortgage interest rate on housing property price. Both variables explain 11.4 percent of the variation of Housing Index. An increase of 1 percent in mortgage interest rate would reduce the housing index movement by 1.44 percent whilst a 1 percent increase in immigrants would increase the housing index by 0.30 percent. In addition, about 2 percent of the short-run deviations of housing prices are adjusted towards the long-run equilibrium each month.
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Výbošťok, Ján, and Pavla Štefkovičová. "Housing affordability, quality of life, and residential satisfaction in the Austrian cross-border suburban region of Bratislava, Slovakia." Moravian Geographical Reports 31, no. 1 (2023): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2023-0001.
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Abstract Bratislava’s satellites have experienced massive development in recent years. The population of a regional centre has moved into its Slovak hinterland. However, Bratislava’s cross-border suburbs have recorded spectacular population growth too. After 2008, housing in the EU became more affordable due to rising incomes and decreasing bank interest rates. Yet, the housing affordability index in the EU (and in the studied area) decreased in recent years due to increasing property prices and, more recently, a reverse tendency in bank interest rates. Through a questionnaire, we sought to establish a link between housing affordability and suburban residents’ expected quality of life. We assumed that a large proportion of the population had moved here specifically for a higher quality of life (residential satisfaction) and more affordable housing. Indeed, these were among the most common reasons for moving, with a large proportion of respondents choosing at least one. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that residents who moved to the Austrian suburbs of Bratislava for affordable housing were more satisfied with living in the municipality and housing costs. The article tries to fill the gap in the literature on housing affordability in suburban areas and on the quality of life of cross-border suburban residents.
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Villanueva, Karen, Hannah Badland, Robert Tanton, et al. "Local Housing Characteristics Associated with Early Childhood Development Outcomes in Australian Disadvantaged Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (2019): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101719.
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Disadvantaged communities tend to have poorer early childhood development outcomes. Access to safe, secure, and stable housing is a well-known social determinant of health but there is a need to examine key features of neighbourhood housing that reduce early childhood development inequities. The 2012 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC), a population-wide measure of early childhood development, and the Australian Bureau of Statistics Socio-economic Index for Areas Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage were used to select fourteen disadvantaged local communities in five Australian states and territories based on those performing better (off-diagonal), or as expected (on-diagonal) on the AEDC relative to their socio-economic profile. Between 2015–2017, qualitative and quantitative housing data were collected in the local communities. In total, 87 interviews with stakeholders, 30 focus groups with local service providers and parents, and Australian Census dwelling information were analysed. A comparative case study approach was used to examine differences in housing characteristics (e.g., public housing, density, affordability, and tenure) between disadvantaged local communities performing ‘better than expected’ and ‘as expected’ on early childhood development. Perceived better housing affordability, objectively measured housing tenure (ownership) and perceived and objectively measured lower-density public housing were housing characteristics that emerged as points of difference for disadvantaged local communities where children had relatively better early childhood development outcomes. These characteristics are potential modifiable and policy sensitive housing levers for reducing early childhood development inequities.
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Suh, Dong Woo, and Yun Kyung Oh. "A Study on the Characteristics of Housing Purchase Burden using House Affordability Index." Residential Environment Institute Of Korea 21, no. 1 (2023): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22313/reik.2023.21.1.153.
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This study has analyzed the characteristics of housing purchase burden by housing type in Busan, using house affordability index(HAI). This study's time scope is from January 2012 to December 2021, and the spatial scope selected four metropolitan areas: Busan, Ulsan, Seoul, Incheon. The research method and empirical analysis results are as follows.
 First, after calculating HAI among three housing types (apartment, multi-family house, and single-family house), this study conducted a one-way ANOVA to compare the results at the level of metropolitan areas. The results showed that the purchase burden of apartments was in the order of Seoul, Busan, Incheon, and Ulsan, whereas that of multi-family houses was in the order of Seoul, Busan, Ulsan, and Incheon. Finally, the purchase burden of single-family houses was in the order of Seoul, Ulsan, Busan, and Incheon.
 Second, spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using Busan’s HAI data for all housing types in 2021. The test results from Moran's I showed that HAI of apartments and single-family houses had similar spatial autocorrelation level compared with those of surrounding area, whereas HAI and PIR of multi-family houses showed contrasting spatial autocorrelation level with those of surrounding area.
 Third, the results of LISA showed that Dongnae-gu and Suyeong-gu were the H-H areas (Hot Spot) for apartments. In contrast, Seo-gu and Dong-gu were the L-L areas (Cold Spot) for multi-family houses. For single-family houses, Jung-gu, Seo-gu, and Dong-gu were the L-L area, whereas Dongnae-gu, Haewoondae-gu, Yeonje-gu, and Suyeong-gu were the H-H area.
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Duan, Ziyu, and Seiyong Kim. "Analysis of Coupled and Coordinated Development of South Korea’s Life-Cycle and Public Housing Systems from 2017 to 2021." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (2023): 10267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310267.
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Providing sustainable public housing solutions is one of the major challenges for countries with emerging economies. Based on the panel data of eight metropolitan cities in South Korea from 2017 to 2021, this study uses the entropy value method and coupling coordination model to evaluate the quantitative interaction between the life-cycle and the public housing systems, followed by the OLS regression model to explore their level of coupling coordination and its influencing factors. The findings reveal the following: (1) The support of public housing welfare by the life cycle had previously been effective in alleviating housing conflicts. (2) The main evaluation values of the indicators had their focus shifted from the quantitative supply to the growth of households, housing cost affordability, and housing size. (3) Overall, the average level of coupling and coordination among Korean cities has risen substantially, but the development of the public housing system still lags behind the change in the life cycle of each city’s composite index. As a result, policymakers should reasonably allocate policies by focusing on their long-term benefits. (4) The supply for emerging families, infrastructure allocation, and the affordability of housing are important factors for improving the level of coordination that should be considered.
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Mishra, Anjay Kumar. "HOUSING NEEDS FULFILMENT FOR LOW-INCOME GROUP." International Journal on Livable Space 4, no. 2 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/livas.v4i2.5630.
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ABSTRACT
 There is the requirement of large number of housing units to meet the housing needs of low-income groups in Kathmandu Valley. The overall objective of this study was to find out the appropriate ways to address these needs. The questionnaire survey and interview were carried out with low-income groups, housing experts, planners, implementers, and concerned organizations. Relative Importance Index (RII) has been calculated to find out the hierarchy of important factors and appropriate approaches for addressing the housing needs for low-income groups in Kathmandu Valley. This number is very large and the location and nature of squatter settlements are different causing it is impossible that only one approach will be suitable to meet the housing needs of the entire low-income groups. Hence, different suitable approaches have been considered to address housing needs. In a city like Kathmandu where the price of land is skyrocketing, purchasing the land parcel is beyond the capacity of the low-income groups. In this approach, the rental housing at the fringe area is more suitable to fulfill the housing needs of the low-income groups, in order to provide an adequate housing facility at a reasonable cost. The monthly rent of the housing allocated for different categories of low-income groups should be positively classified based on their affordability.
 
 Keywords: Perception, Approaches, Cost Recovery, Affordability, Accessibility
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Are, Stephen Olusegun, and Toyin Omoyeni Oguntola. "Impact of Government Environmental Regulations and Foreign Investment on Urban Housing Affordability: A Longitudinal Econometric Analysis (2014–2023)." Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics 27, no. 5 (2025): 123–40. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpas/2025/v27i5759.
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This study examined the complex relationship between environmental regulation policies, foreign direct investment (FDI), and housing affordability in urban real estate markets over a ten-year period (2014–2023) with the environmental regulation index as the independent variable. Utilizing a normal-power regression model, the analysis integrates macroeconomic indicators, including property tax rates, interest rates, inflation, unemployment, and government spending to control for broader market influences. The results revealed that stricter environmental regulations are associated with increases in average housing prices, primarily due to their impact on construction costs and development constraints. Meanwhile, FDI shows a dual effect: in some cases, it stimulates housing supply and infrastructure development, but in others, it drives up property values, particularly in high-demand urban centers, thereby contributing to reduced affordability. Diagnostic tests confirm the robustness of the model, with an R² of 0.7984 and satisfactory forecast accuracy. The findings underscored the need for integrated policy frameworks that reconcile the goals of sustainability, economic growth, and social inclusion. The study provides valuable insights for urban planners, housing policymakers, and international development agencies.
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Mawhorter, Sarah, and Jennifer A. Ailshire. "HOUSING AFFORDABILITY AND INTER-REGIONAL MOVES AMONG OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1023.
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Abstract Housing prices have risen in urban areas across the US since 2000, with only a brief interruption after the housing crisis of 2008. At the same time, prosperous urban areas have pulled away from declining urban and rural areas. Older adults are more likely to be affected by both increases and divergence of housing prices: owners may not be able to afford rising property taxes (though they benefit from increasing home equity), and renters are especially vulnerable. Housing affordability constraints may also affect the places where older adults can afford to move. In this paper, we compare the residential mobility patterns of adults aged 50+ living in high-cost, mid-cost, and low-cost areas from 2000-2014, using data from the Health and Retirement Study with county-level US Census and American Community Survey contextual data, as well as the Zillow Home Value Index. We find that both homeowners and renters living in high-cost areas remain in place at higher rates compared with those living in mid-cost and low-cost areas. Among those who move, older adults living in high-cost regions move towards mid-cost and low-cost regions more often than the reverse. The differences are particularly pronounced for renters. The overall outcome is a net movement of older adults away from high-cost areas towards mid-cost and low-cost areas. These shifts have consequences for the well-being of older adults facing budget constraints that may limit the areas where they can afford to live or move, and broader implications for the future of urban areas.
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Ku, Jeong Ah, Sung Gil Kim, and Youg Hee Lee. "A Study on the Effect of Changes in the National Housing Affordability Index (HAI) on the Local Housing Sales Market." Residential Environment Institute Of Korea 21, no. 1 (2023): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22313/reik.2023.21.1.51.
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This study analyzed the effect of changes in the national housing purchasing power index on the local housing sales market, which is recognized as a heterogeneous market with the metropolitan area. The analysis method used the Vector Error Correction Model in consideration of the time-series observation characteristics of the main variables of this study. The summary and implications of this study are as follows.
 First, if housing prices in the metropolitan area soar and housing investors' investment capacity in the metropolitan area decreases, it is estimated that they are interested in the local housing market with relatively high price benefits. In particular, the effect of the change in housing purchasing power is expected to occur mainly in the housing market in local hub cities. Second, it can be seen that the local housing market is most affected by income increase through economic growth in the long run. Third, the total population of Jeollabuk-do is expected to gradually flow out due to the concentration of the economy in the metropolitan area, and the trend of aging is expected to increase rapidly. However, Jeonju, a hub city, is expected to show a significant difference in the housing sales market depending on regional characteristics, such as the continuous influx of population. Finally, unlike the results of a study conducted on the housing market in the Seoul metropolitan area, changes in major macroeconomic variables such as interest rates excluding economic growth did not have a significant effect. This result is judged to be because local housing prices have a very low price level compared to the metropolitan area, so the merit as investment goods or inflation hedging is not high.
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Zamri, Muhammad Harith Ikhwan, Muhamad Afizi Rifin, and Amit Norani. "Application of the ARIMA model in house price index in Malaysia." Jurnal Intelek 19, no. 2 (2024): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ji.v19i2.26615.
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The factors that affecting the escalating price of houses in Malaysia are driven by factors such as population growth, income dynamics, interest rates, and GDP. This phenomenon has notably outpaced the growth of household incomes, thus majorly impacting Malaysians. The study’s primary goal is to forecast the housing price index in Malaysia from the best model obtained using Box-Jenkins method. aligning with the 2018-2025 National Housing Policy objectives, utilizing advanced machine learning and time series modeling. The objectives guide the research: to find the best model for predicting house price index in Malaysia using Box-Jenkins Method. Utilizing secondary data from the National Property Information Centre (NAPIC) spanning from 1988 to 2023, the study employed the analytical method of ARIMA. The results favored the ARIMA (1,1,1) model as the best model in predicting housing price indexes. This offers an excellent forecasting model for residential properties towards gaining better understanding of their pricing dynamics and offers potential solutions to the issue of housing affordability for Malaysians.
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Moss, Vuyisani. "Creating a Development Bank to Finance Affordable Housing in South Africa is a Timely Catalyst to Address Demand and Supply Challenges." International Journal of Systems and Society 6, no. 1 (2019): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijss.2019010104.
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The twin problems of affordability and accessibility that hamper the progress of housing in our country need to be addressed on a sustainable basis and the state needs to take on the role as a facilitator to create the enabling environment to encourage greater private sector participation. As a consequence, it is quite opportune to establish the Human Settlements Development Bank (HSDB). The mortgage finance affordability challenge is also attributable to key essential drivers, namely; house price index, disposable income, and the mortgage interest rates.
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Holliday, Charvonne N., Kristin Bevilacqua, Karen Trister Grace, et al. "Examining the Neighborhood Attributes of Recently Housed Partner Violence Survivors in Rapid Rehousing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (2021): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084177.
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Survivors’ considerations for re-housing following intimate partner violence (IPV) are understudied despite likely neighborhood-level influences on women’s safety. We assess housing priorities and predictors of re-housing location among recent IPV survivors (n = 54) in Rapid Re-housing (RRH) in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Choropleth maps depict residential location relative to census tract characteristics (neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and residential segregation) derived from American Community Survey data (2013–2017). Linear regression measured associations between women’s individual, economic, and social factors and NDI and segregation. In-depth interviews (n = 16) contextualize quantitative findings. Overall, survivors re-housed in significantly more deprived and racially segregated census tracts within their respective regions. In adjusted models, trouble securing housing (B = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.13, 1.34), comfortability with proximity to loved ones (B = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.02, 1.48), and being unsure (vs unlikely) about IPV risk (B = −0.76, 95% CI: −1.39, −0.14) were significantly associated with NDI. Economic dependence on an abusive partner (B = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.06) predicted re-housing in segregated census tracts; occasional stress about housing affordability (B = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.75) predicted re-housing in less segregated census tracts. Qualitative results contextualize economic (affordability), safety, and social (familiarity) re-housing considerations and process impacts (inspection delays). Structural racism, including discriminatory housing practices, intersect with gender, exacerbating challenges among survivors of severe IPV. This mixed-methods study further highlights the significant economic tradeoffs for safety and stability, where the prioritization of safety may exacerbate economic devastation for IPV survivors. Findings will inform programmatic policies for RRH practices among survivors.
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Nodeson, Suresh, Kesavan Krishnan, and Sathis Krishnan. "The Prediction of Affordable Housing Prices in Petaling Jaya District Using R Statistical Computing Environment." Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought 13, no. 1 (2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/jcit.vol13.1.4.2023.
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Affordable housing especially in a city environment is recognized as one of citizen needs among the mid-dle-income groups. This research paper intended to explore the possibilities to use data mining algorithms: Linear Regression, Random Forest and Gradient Boosting algorithms for predicting and analyzing the housing affordability price for middle-income earners in Petaling Jaya district, Malaysia. The dataset from Malaysia House Index by Petaling Jaya district used to evaluate based on the proposed algorithms. The dataset extracted based on residential property sub-sectors with three attributes. Based on the prediction models, as results, the Gradient Boosting algorithm shows higher accuracy of 74% for predicting affordable housing price in Petaling Jaya district, Malaysia compared to other prediction techniques.
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Haas, P. M., G. L. Newmark, and T. R. Morrison. "Untangling Housing Cost and Transportation Interactions: The Location Affordability Index Model—Version 2 (LAIM2)." Housing Policy Debate 26, no. 4-5 (2016): 568–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2016.1158199.
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Stavridou, Maria, Thomas Dimopoulos, and Martha Katafygiotou. "Macroeconomic and Demographic Determinants of London Housing Prices: A Pre- and Post-Brexit Analysis." Real Estate 2, no. 3 (2025): 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate2030010.
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This study examines the demographic and macroeconomic factors influencing housing prices in London from Q3 2014 to Q4 2022, focusing on the pre- and post-Brexit referendum periods. Using multiple regression analysis, the research evaluates the impact of interest rates, inflation, construction costs, population changes, and net migration on the housing price index (HPI) across various market segments. The findings suggest that interest rate base rates, consumer price inflation, and construction output price indices were significant predictors of housing price fluctuations. Notably, cash purchases exhibited the strongest explanatory power due to a reduced sensitivity to market changes. Additionally, London’s population was a key determinant, particularly affecting first-time buyers and mortgage-backed purchases. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the London housing market and offer insights into policy measures addressing housing affordability and investment dynamics.
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Fatimah, A. W., K, A. Kamaruddin M, Z. M. Lukman, T. M. Zukri, S. R. Norashida, and I. Azizah. "Content Validity of Questionnaire on the Influence of Housing Affordability Factors on the Well-Being of the B40 Group Using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR)." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. X (2023): 898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.701070.
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This article discusses content validity to evaluate research questionnaires. All items are built based on the adaptation of several management theories and models and literature studies obtained from inside and outside the country. This study aims to examine the content validity of a questionnaire on the influence of housing affordability factors on the well-being of life for the B40 group on the East Coast using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Quantitative measurement methods through Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) have been used to assess whether the items need to be retained or dropped. Twelve experts were selected to evaluate and confirm the content of the questionnaire. This questionnaire involves things with key factors. The study results show that this questionnaire has good content validity and proves that this questionnaire has excellent potential to be used to identify the influence of housing affordability factors on the well-being of life for the B40 group in peninsular Malaysia using the content validity ratio (CVR).
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Litvinova, Elena Vladimirovna, and Veronika Andreevna Danilova. "Housing market: the concept, features, and role in the socio-economic development of the state." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 01 (2021): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11322.
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The research is based on the dialectical method which predetermines the study of phenomena in their constant development and interrelation. Besides, the article uses a systematic approach, methods of comparative, statistical, and graphical analysis. The novelty of the present article lies in the proposal for adjustments to the calculation of the housing affordability index in the Russian Federation (RF), as well as the proposed typology of housing in the RF taking into account lifestyles of various categories of the population. The authors have developed the version of the content of the infrastructure of the commercial rental of housing, which defines it as a system of material and information conditions ensuring stable and efficient production of housing services (housing rental services) through the operation of both commercial apartment buildings and other objects of the rental housing market. A system of measures is proposed to remove the rental housing market from the shadow and its further development including that of the commercial apartment building business.
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Lekhuleni, Thami Innocent, and Godfrey Ndlovu. "The dynamic effect of macroeconomic factors on housing prices: Evidence from South Africa." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0290552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290552.
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This study examines the dynamic short- and long-run causal relationship between South African real house prices and key macroeconomic fundamentals (gross domestic product(GDP), mortgage rate, exchange rate-USDZAR, affordability, household debt to disposable income, unemployment rate, share prices (JSE ALL share index), foreign direct investment, and producer price index) over the period 2000Q1-2019Q4. The study uses a vector error correction model (VECM) to estimate the relationships while accounting for endogeneity and reverse causality. Although, there seems to be a significant association(both short and long-run) between house prices and all macroeconomic fundamental variables, GDP and producer price index appear to have the greatest impact. Further, our results suggest that any short-term disequilibrium in house prices always self-corrects in the long-run.
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Estevez, Luis. "An Index to Characterize the Multi-Dimensional Nature of Land Use Regulations in the Greater Houston Metropolitan Area." REGION 5, no. 1 (2018): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v5i1.190.
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Abstract
 Although housing prices and the lack of real income growth are cited as the main factors behind the housing affordability problem, it has been proven that land use regulations have some responsibility as well. Indices have been the most common indicator used to characterize the stringency of local land use regulations; however, these studies focus primarily on those most stringent regulatory environments, and therefore there is no evidence of the validity of such indices in areas regarded as less stringent. In response to this lack of evidence, using a unique data set this article presents an index characterizing local regulatory environments in a well-known less stringent regulatory environment: the Houston-Galveston Area in Texas. This index proves to be a valid measure capable of capturing the multi-dimensional nature of land use regulations. The analysis of the index and statistical correlations validate the use of indices to characterize metropolitan land use regulations.
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Wang, Xinzhao. "Exploring the Impact of China's Economic Dynamics on the Real Estate Market: 2002-2022." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 145, no. 1 (2025): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.ld19019.
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The complex interaction between China's economic dynamics from 2002 to 2022 and its real estate market is investigated in this article. It looks at the market's influence as a main economic driver, its relationships with the financial system, and regional differences in investment impacts. By means of regression analysis, the study indicates a noteworthy positive association between housing prices and the Consumer Price Index (CPI), therefore implying that inflationary pressures raise real estate values. The results underline the importance of cautious policy management to reconcile economic development with housing affordability, hence addressing regional differences and the wider consequences of inflation on housing markets. Also, the paper investigates how income inequality, urbanization rates, and government policies could shape the expansion of the real estate market. It emphasizes the importance of region-specific policies to strike a compromise between social equality and economic growth. The results give legislators trying to steady the housing market among changing economic circumstances important new perspectives.
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Ben Ugochukwu Iwuagwu. "Urban poverty and poor housing affordability: An impediment on health quality in Nigerian urban areas." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 15, no. 1 (2025): 546–53. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.15.1.0674.
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There is a proof that urban poverty damages the environment, on the other hand poor urban environment endangers the lives and health of many urban residents. Lack of access to healthy homes is a central feature of urban poverty. About 600 million urban dwellers in Africa, Asia and Latin America live in housing that is overcrowded and of poor quality, with inadequate water provision, sanitation, drainage and refuse disposal that placed their lives and health at risk. In Nigeria today 63 percent of the citizens are living below poverty line, reason why Nigeria was ranked 163 out of 191 United Nations member states in the Human Development Index (HDI) for the year 2022 which puts Nigeria on Low Human Development (LHD). The thrust of this paper is to investigate the link between urban poverty and housing affordability with a view to establish its implication on health quality of the urban residents in Nigeria. The paper studied 10 selected slum neighborhoods’ in Abia State Nigeria. Copies of questionnaire were administered to sample size of 700 respondents from 700 households drawn using stratified systematic random sampling technique from the 10 selected slum neighborhoods’. Findings of the paper affirm that the neighborhoods’ are typical slum environment and impedes health quality of the residents. The paper, therefore, recommends socio-economic revitalization as to improve housing affordability in the study area and Nigeria at large. The paper also recommends environmental and health education and enforcement of environmental sanitation laws.
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Abidoye, Rotimi Boluwatife, Janet Ge, Albert Agbeko Ahiadu, Chibuikem Michael Adilieme, and Samuel Swanzy-Impraim. "Perceptions of Young Adults on the Critical Success Factors of the Build-to-Rent Housing Model in Sydney, Australia." Buildings 13, no. 8 (2023): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081892.
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Amid Australia’s surging house prices, rental housing has become the safety net for young adults experiencing housing stress. The attention of policymakers is drawn towards the build-to-rent (BTR) housing model, a growing housing option for many young Australian adults. Although BTR’s integration into Australia’s housing and planning landscape is unfolding, the perception of young adults is lacking in policy reforms for this growing industry. This study examines the perspectives of young adults aged 18 to 34 years on the critical success factors (CSFs) of the BTR housing provision in Australia. The responses are analysed using an explanatory factor analysis, relative importance index, and ANOVA. Our findings show a critically low awareness of BTR among young adults in Australia. Respondents, between 18 and 24 years, are most concerned with public awareness, an indication of their desire for transparency and engagement in decision making at the policy level. Young adults rank regulation and government policy interventions as the most important CSF of BTR housing. This shows that they are more concerned about the affordability of BTR houses. This study concludes that young adults’ viewpoints on BTR are important in ongoing policy reforms. There is a need to ensure that this asset class is accessible and affordable to this target group.
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DANKOV, Nikita A., and Larisa N. DROBYSHEVSKAYA. "The situation in the mortgage market and its impact on the effectiveness of the Bank of Russia's monetary policy." Finance and Credit 31, no. 3 (2025): 85–104. https://doi.org/10.24891/fc.31.3.85.
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Subject. This article discusses the issues of assessing the impact of the introduction of preferential mortgage programmes on housing affordability for borrowers, as well as answering the question of what would be the weighted average mortgage lending rates in the absence of government subsidies for mortgages over a long period of time. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the state of the Russian mortgage market and assess the impact of the Bank of Russia's key rate decisions on it. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling. Results. Based on the calculated index of mortgage lending availability, the article reveals that starting from the second half of 2021, availability in the secondary market has been mainly decreasing and is currently below the level of 2018–2021. Conclusions. The introduction of soft mortgage lending programmes has supported the housing construction industry, but their prolonged use has led to an increase in housing prices and a decrease in the effectiveness of monetary policy decisions, which is confirmed by the results of modeling using the Causal Impact algorithm. The availability of mortgage loans in the secondary market is at a fairly low level. At the same time, affordability in the primary market in the context of an increase in the key rate and changes/cancellation of preferential programmes is likely to continue to decline and approach the level before the introduction of Preferential Mortgage.
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Landis, John, and Vincent J. Reina. "Do Restrictive Land Use Regulations Make Housing More Expensive Everywhere?" Economic Development Quarterly 35, no. 4 (2021): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08912424211043500.
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This study makes three contributions to the debate over the effect of local land use regulations on housing prices and affordability. First, it is more geographically extensive than previous studies, encompassing 336 of the nation's 384 metropolitan areas. Second, it looks at multiple measures of regulatory stringency, not just one. Most prior studies have focused either on a single regulatory measure or index across multiple metropolitan areas, or multiple regulatory measures in a single region. Third, this paper considers the connection between regulatory stringency and housing values as a function of employment growth and per-worker payroll levels. We find that restrictive land use regulations do indeed have a pervasive effect on local home values and rents, and that these effects are magnified in faster-growing and more prosperous economies. We also find more restrictive land use regulations are not associated with faster rates of recent home value or rent growth, and that their effects on housing construction levels—that is, the degree to which they constrain supply—is uneven among different housing markets.