Academic literature on the topic 'Housing (concept)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Housing (concept)"
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Henilane, Inita. "Housing Concept and Analysis of Housing Classification." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjreecm-2016-0013.
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Abstract Housing is one of the most important life components giving shelter, safety and warmth, as well as providing a place to rest. There is a lack of unified definition for housing concept in Latvia. The aim of the study is to define the housing concept in general in Latvia and develop proposals for the classification of housing. Principal objectives are to describe and analyse the concept of “housing” and to develop the definition of housing concept in general that could be used in housing policy in Latvia for developing housing classification and analysing the aims of the housing policy. Analytical research method and comparative research method was used. The results and principal conclusions are: The developed definition of the term “housing” and the housing classification could be used in developing and implementing the housing policy as well as for statistics in Latvia and in other EU countries.
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Stoiljkovic, Branislava, Natasa Petkovic-Grozdanovic, and Goran Jovanovic. "Individualization concept in housing architecture." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 13, no. 3 (2015): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1503207s.
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Although single-family housing in the city is considered higher quality and preferred type of housing, housing crisis, as a permanent actual problem in the world, requires adequate solutions. In this sense, housing in multi-family housing buildings can be considered as a necessity (social, moral, economic, etc.), but in fact, now and in the future, it is the main form of housing construction which can give the solution for housing problems. However, to make this housing type more attractive and acceptable to the occupants, it is necessary to improve it by the implementation of individualization modalities, and in that way make its qualities much closer to the preferred single-family housing.
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Galiantich, M., and T. Tylyk. "THE CONCEPT OF HOUSING RIGHTS." Private Law and Business, no. 18 (2018): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32849/2409-9201.2018.18.35.
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Novichkova, J. G., P. A. Ananin, V. A. Grunina, and I. A. Novjchkov. "Housing relations: concept; the value." Аграрное и земельное право, no. 5 (2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1329_2021_5_16.
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Chung, Sang-Hyun, Seung-je Kim, So-Youn Park, and Jun Ha Kim. "Past, Present, and Future of Social Housing in Seoul: Where Is Social Housing Heading to?" Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 3, 2020): 8165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198165.
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In Seoul, a metropolitan city, affordable housing is a major issue. Since 2012, social housing has been implemented as a means to solve housing shortages in the South Korean capital. Various policies in different times have been applied, and Seoul came up with a unique form of social housing: providing housing to those in need. The purpose of this paper is to review the development of social housing in Seoul and to discuss policy implications. First, this paper defines the concept of social housing in Seoul by comparing that of social housing in Western countries. The major differences in the concept of social housing between Seoul and Western countries lies in the provider of social housing. The providers of social housing in Seoul are social economy actors, including non-private organizations and cooperative unions that work as agencies to pursue the public interest. In addition, this paper presents an overview of the historical development and specific features of social housing. Finally, a discussion is presented on the implications for social housings, including the need for the allocation of social housing throughout the city, the extended length of residence, and reliable financial support to social housing providers.
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Ovinnikov, Vadim Alexandrovich. "On the problem of defining the concept of "housing", and related concepts of "right to housing", "protection of housing rights" in housing law." Право и государство: теория и практика, no. 1 (2022): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2022_1_287.
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Ruonavaara, Hannu. "Rethinking the Concept of ‘Housing Regime’." Critical Housing Analysis 7, no. 1 (June 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2020.7.1.499.
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Alfirević, Đorđe, and Sanja Alfirević-Simonović. "'Circular connection' concept in housing architecture." Arhitektura i urbanizam, no. 46 (2018): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-16252.
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Dewilde, Caroline. "Do housing regimes matter? Assessing the concept of housing regimes through configurations of housing outcomes." International Journal of Social Welfare 26, no. 4 (February 16, 2017): 384–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12261.
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Dursun, Pelin, and Gulsun Saglamer. "Analysing Housing Quality: Belerko Housing Settlement, Trabzon, Turkey." Open House International 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2009-b0006.
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The relationship between people and their home environment has always been an important research theme. Cooperative works of different disciplines and research areas, such as environmental psychology, social psychology, community psychology, home environment studies, urban planning and architecture have developed an understanding of relationships between quality and residential spaces. In this study an attempt has been made to analyze quality issues in housing environments by providing a general review related to quality housing research and by establishing a model that can be used to evaluate the concept of quality in housing. Focusing on a specific housing settlement as a case study, the goal here is to open a debate based on design concepts and their social and spatial consequences in architecture and to provide important data for future housing projects in Turkey. In the scope of the work, the Belerko Housing Settlement in the City of Trabzon has been selected as a research area. Aim of the study is to develop an understanding of the social, psychological and the physical characteristics that contribute to spatial quality in this specific housing environment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Housing (concept)"
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Silvo, J. (Jonna). "Healthy log housing concept for senior citizens." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201411282025.
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The post-war generation in Finland, as in many Western countries, has reached senior age and is currently in retirement. We have more ageing people than ever and we thus need new concepts for caring for them. Senior citizens dream of a healthy home to live in, high quality and accessibility, a feeling of comfort and safety and staying active despite ageing. The question is how architecture could bring these contents into their lives. Wood as a construction material has several known positive properties and using logs as material for senior houses create a healthy environment. The aim of this thesis is to develop a healthy wooden log housing concept for senior citizens. A living environment where senior citizens feel alive and healthy and most importantly feel at home. This thesis begins with a literature review, followed by a section introducing design solutions. The concept itself consists of a log house modules theme with variations to the modules. The final solution takes shape depending on the habitants and surroundingsSuuret ikäluokat Suomessa, kuten muissakin läntisissä maissa ovat seniori-ikäisiä ja jäämässä pikkuhiljaa eläkkeelle. Vanhenevia ihmisiä on enemmän kuin koskaan aikaisemmin ja tämän takia uusia konsepteja tarvitaan heistä huolta pitämään. Seniorit toivovat loppuelämältään terveellistä kotia, korkeaa rakentamisen laatua, esteettömiä ratkaisuja, turvallisuuden tunnetta sekä aktiivista elämää, vanhenemisesta huolimatta. Kysymys kuuluukin, kuinka nämä asiat voitaisiin arkkitehtuurin keinoin tuoda seniorien elämään. Tiedetään, että puumateriaalilla on useita positiivisia ominaisuuksia ja tämän vuoksi hirsien käyttäminen rakennusmateriaalina parantaa asuinympäristön terveellisyyttä. Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena on kehittää terveellinen hirsitalokonsepti senioriasumiseen. Asuinympäristö, jossa seniorit kokevat olevansa virkeitä sekä terveitä ja mikä tärkeintä, tuntevat olevansa kuin kotonaan. Työ on tutkielma- ja suunnitelmapainoitteisen työn yhdistelmä. Työssä suunniteltu konsepti käsittää hirsitalomoduulien esittelyn, sekä niiden varioinnin. Lopullinen ratkaisu muotoutuu aina rakennusympäristön antamisen rajojen puitteissa
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Aulakh, Sundeep. "The concept and practice of 'enabling' local housing authorities." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19296/.
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This thesis examines the changing role of housing authorities within the wider context of the restructuring of the British welfare state. Between the years 1979 and 1997, four successive Conservative administrations attempted to eliminate the municipal ownership and management of the social housing sector. Central to this restructuring was the notion of 'enabling' and this crystallised the Conservatives' vision for the future role of housing authorities as non-providers. Instead, local authorities were expected to facilitate housing provision through the private or voluntary sectors. At the time this research began, it was clear that, whilst the magnitude of this reorientation of local government's traditional role generated significant discussion at the conceptual level, there remained a paucity of empirical research examining the actual practice of enabling at the local level. The research on which this thesis draws, therefore, helps to address the imbalance between the theorisation of enabling and detailed empirical work. It explores the way in which housing authorities have responded to the enabling challenge and the resultant implications this has for the delivery of housing services. In the UK, the conceptual discussion of enabling was most clearly articulated in the enabling typology developed by Leach et al. (1992) and this formed the theoretical underpinnings of the present study. A two-part research strategy was adopted in which, first, a postal survey was administered to 100 housing authorities. This provided a scientific sampling framework from which three case-study housing authorities were selected for the second part of the data collection. Here, qualitative interviews were undertaken with senior policy-makers from the housing departments and their housing association and voluntary sector 'partners'. There was variation between the three case-study authorities in their transition to the enabling role and, in this context, the prominent research findings are as follows. The analysis of the data gathered from the first case-study authority highlights the way in which resistance to change and institutional inertia prevented the housing department from shifting to the enabling role. Hence, it continued to operate according to the traditional role. In the other two case-study authorities, the research findings show: (a) the variation between central and local government in their interpretation of enabling, particularly in the context of the compulsory competitive tendering of housing management functions; (b) the shift towards partnership working and the way in which the housing authorities retained a dominant role amongst the plethora of agencies that are now involved in policy formation and service delivery; (c) the decline in direct provision was precipitating the 'reinvention' of new roles centred around 'community governance'; (d) the implications that all these developments had in relation to the internal organisational structure and management processes of the two authorities. In examining the practice of enabling housing authorities, this thesis contributes to an understanding of the way in which the wider role and function of local government has been restructured from its position under the post-war consensus.
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Casey, Rioghnach. "Re-thinking the concept of professionalism : the case of housing management." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26608/.
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This thesis focuses on the meaning of professionalism in the occupation of housing management. It will explore the meaning of being a professional housing manager in a profession which has some of the traits of being a 'semi-profession' (Etzioni, 1969). It asks how housing managers view professionalism and what is its relevance, if any, to their working lives. It is primarily concerned with four key aspects of professionalism: identity, knowledge, boundaries and accountability. Analysis of these four aspects of professionalism are informed by social constructionism, ethnomethodology and ethnography. The sociology of the professions is used as a substantive literature to illuminate fieldwork data and provide new directions for the evolution of theory relating to housing management. Qualitative methods of data collection and analysis have been used to provide detail and depth in presenting a picture of the issues under investigation. Data was primarily collected from forty-nine interviews, supported by data collected from three separate periods of participant observation. The thesis argues that professionalism in housing management is an individualised project of the self rather than a collective project. Professionalism is expressed as an individualised response to, and a mediation of, competing managerial demands. Housing managers work upon themselves to meet the demands of their customers and their employers. The 'professional project of the self is influenced by their backgrounds, specifically their own beliefs and values regarding what it is to be a professional housing manager. Housing managers engage in negotiating the boundaries of knowledge and emotions in order to deliver a professional service. Accountability is expressed as a component part of professionalism, i.e. the ability to give an account of their actions, as well a response to formal performance measures. The thesis identifies two categories of housing managers, 'pragmatists' and 'pro-activists', who are distinguished from each other in their construction of professionalism. This study suggests that the concept of professionalism continues to exert a considerable influence on the thoughts and behaviours of these housing managers.
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Anderson, Isobel. "Understanding single homelessness : the value of the concept of social exclusion." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2477/.
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López, Vallejo Antonio Taneli. "A DESIGN CONCEPT PROPOSAL ABOUT COMPACT LIVING UNITS: USE CASE FOR STUDENT HOUSING." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57453.
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In the recent years around the world there has been a constant increase in the number of students who apply to continue their studies at a higher level, this in turn has brought a great demand in the occupation for student housing. Finding a place to live is one of the issues that new students have to face when moving into another city or country, which can be really challenging at times. The project speculates with a design concept that may help the demands for student housing in the city of Växjö, Sweden. The idea is a housing unit for one person that occupies a space of 13 m2 with an interior space of 10 m2 so it can be moved with a truck to the place where required for a temporary time. The interior proposes an efficient, flexible and comfortable space for the needs in the everyday life of a student. This is done with an organize layout and some multi-purpose furniture that can also be retractable when not in use to save space.
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Ince, Mary E. "The concept of planned change and its application to energy efficient local authority housing : theory, diagnosis, development and evaluation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847554/.
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The research described in this thesis consisted of the study of the concept of Planned Change, its application in diagnosing a particular problem, the implementation of a programme of planned change and its evaluation. The particular problem which gave rise to this research was the question of how to bring about a widespread increase in the efficient use of energy in local authority housing. This arose as a result of my membership of a small R & D group (SLCEG), working on local authority housing, where we had previously found that empirical evidence and rational argument was insufficient to encourage energy efficient housing design. The Concept of Planned Change offered an appropriate framework for investigating the problem as it is oriented towards improving social conditions through non-coercive means and provides for: identifying the various participants in the change process, diagnosis of the problem, setting goals and objectives, choosing strategies and designing a programme of activities and then monitoring their effect. Diagnosis of the problem identified that a multifaceted approach was required to solve the problem so that the design of the planned change programme included bringing about the formulation of an Energy Policy, creation of awareness of the benefits, practicality and affordability of energy efficient dwellings, identification and utilisation of leverage points and various other educational and facilitative activities. The Evaluation of the programme included both objective and subjective methods and indicated that a significant movement towards energy efficiency has been achieved but that adoption of this change is not evenly spread and that there are areas of resistance yet to be overcome. As a result of the evaluation, modifications to the programme of planned change were proposed which will include alterations to the exhibition, further educational activities - courses, workshops, etc. and wider dissemination of the energy savings achieved.
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Lindstrand, Sophie. "The governance of the energy concept in low-energy buildings : The perceptions of housing companies and occupants." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149431.
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Energy efficiency within the housing sector is progressing. In Vallastaden which is a newly developed city district in Linköping, Sweden, constructors together with the municipality have made attempts to create a sustainable built environment. One of the goals was to establish energy efficient residential buildings in Vallastaden. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the development of two energy plus buildings in Vallastaden and explore the potentials for the energy concept in these buildings to reduce the energy use. The perceptions of the occupants were included in the study since their views and practices play an important part for the buildings’ energy performance. Qualitative interviews were conducted with informants from two housing companies and three households. The findings show that the motives for the housing companies were try out new things and progress within the housing sector. The housing companies were however uncertain if their buildings would become energy efficient in practice since it depended on how the occupants would interact with the technology and the energy concept. There is a risk that the energy concept and the technology may not reach its full potential in reducing energy since the occupants either had no reflection about their role in the energy concept or were uncertain about the technology. The communication between the housing companies and the occupants needs to be strengthened for occupants to realize their influence on the energy use in these buildings.
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Heshmati, Elnaz. "A Modular Shared Home : Approaching affordable housing through sharing habits and modularity." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173531.
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The world’s population is increasing and every day, more people are coming to the cities. People are constantly relocating their houses for meeting their needs. As societies are growing and mobility in cities is raising, cities would face challenges like accommodating the population inexpensively and providing good quality of life and stable social and environmental infrastructure for them. However, due to the fixed regulated and unadaptable construction market, the architecture doesn’t meet the changing needs of inhabitants, therefore, every day the housing market is more unaffordable because of the high demand for housing developments, lands scarce, etc. Architecture needs to be flexible to adjust itself to the current market. Since most of the relocations and high demands for building new housing projects occur when built spaces fail to meet their occupants’ growing needs. This thesis tries to find an alternative framework for designing a flexible one whereby architecture is shaped by the user’s needs and can adjust itself in a long period. This thesis also works on designing an environment that responds to the social, economic, and environmental needs of residents as one united community. Therefore, it uses a shared living idea as an affordable alternative for making houses cheaper and creating a more stable social environment for inhabitants. The content of this thesis is categorized upon the following narrative. Firstly, this thesis is trying to deepen its understanding of the matter of shared living and its possible advantages and disadvantages for producing stable social and economical infrastructure. For this purpose, it analyses a notion of shared living and shared economy through studying successful case studies. Secondly, by studying and utilizing metabolic design criteria, the thesis will form an understanding of a more sustainable approach toward architecture and built environment to design an affordable housing system that provides high quality of life for inhabitants through responding to their needs. Thirdly, the thesis will frame its design strategy based on shared living perspective and metabolic design criteria. The thesis then will illustrate its steps and methods to achieve flexible architecture through designing its module, structure, and material. Lastly, it will discuss its findings on how the shared living approach and metabolic philosophy can aid architects to design more sustainable housing units that can meet their resident’s needs through a long period and make strong social, economic, and environmental infrastructure.
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Warwick, Elanor Joan Petra. "Defensible space as a mobile concept : the role of transfer mechanisms and evidence in housing research, policy and practice." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defensible-space-as-a-mobile-concept(78c8a507-a372-4ad0-8450-7aef9c47ba7a).html.
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Defensible space is a contested yet influential approach to designing-out-crime on social housing estates. This thesis uses defensible space as the vehicle to explore how movement changes concepts; to extend the learning on policy mobility mechanisms; to investigate the varied cross-disciplinary nature of evidence use; and to explore the interaction of policy, the housing sector and the state. Deepening the international policy mobilities narrative, the study traces the dispersal/embedding of the concept in Britain since the 1980s by revisiting the operational and theoretical account of defensible space proposed by Alice Coleman in the Design Improvement Controlled Experiment (DICE). Drawing on interviews with planning and architecture practitioners, housing managers and elite policymakers, the thesis explores the multiple ways the concept was interpreted and implemented as it circulated from national to local level and within three London housing estates, illustrating how the transfer mechanisms worked at both a policy and practical level. Despite being a concept whose principles continue to underpin design guidance (such as Secured by Design), defensible space failed to coalesce into a single formal policy, remaining a cluster of associated disputed elements. How these conceptual elements aided or hindered transfer and take up is noted by tracking routes to acceptance, the roles of formal transfer mechanisms, informal information sharing by transfer agents traversing networks, or practitionersʼ local contextualization of generic guidance. The research demonstrates the ongoing resilience and acceptance of defensible space, despite biased evaluation, the mismatch of DICE to the politics of the time and the uncertain nature of the concept. By questioning whether positivist scientific theoretical unity is achievable in practice, it argues for greater trust in practitioner experience, and proposes a looser middle-range approach to theory building for ambiguous concepts such as defensible space.
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Choi, Chi-kin Anthony, and 蔡志堅. "An evaluation of the Senior Citizen Residence scheme (SEN) : the effectiveness of facilitating the concept of ageing in place." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207666.
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Since the hygiene condition and medical services improved in the past few decades, the expectation of life has been lengthened generally. With the baby boom effect, the mass increase in fertility following the World War II result in the problem of ageing population around the world nowadays. The phenomenon alerts the governments of global countries to solve the anticipated ageing problem by catering the needs of the elderly. In addition, the needs of the elderly are changing with the improvement of education level and affluence level. It contributes to elderly in middle-class occupying a larger proportion of the elderly in Hong Kong nowadays. Even though the government has introduced various kind of social policies to deal with the increasing demand and changing needs of the elderly, it is still not enough to satisfy the rising aspiration of the middle-income elderly.
In order to fill the market niche for the elderly in the middle-income group, the Hong Kong government invited Hong Kong Housing Society to undertake a tailor-made housing scheme for the elderly on a basis of leased-for-life. Under the Senior Citizen Residence Scheme (SEN), it aims to provide an affordable and quality accommodation with integrated service for the middle-income elderly. As the SEN scheme is built upon the concept of "ageing-in-place" and "continuum of care", it seeks to strike an excellent to enhance the quality of life for the elderly residents.
Since the SEN scheme is a pilot project, it would be considered as a relatively new and initiative development of elderly housing project comparing to the overseas' housing development. It is valuable to carry out a comprehensive assessment on the achievement of the SEN scheme. As the scheme is developed upon the concept of "ageing-in-place" and "continuum of care", this paper will focus on assess the effectiveness of the scheme in facilitating the concept of ageing-in-place in various aspects. Also, it will investigate the effectiveness of the scheme in affecting the expectation on the future housing arrangement of the elderly. The result of the assessment would be provide a reference for the authority to foresee whether there is any improvement for further development of ageing-in-place policy. As a result, it believed that the assessment of this paper is significant to gives a recommendation for the development of the upcoming project to build a quality living place for the elderly to age-in-place.iiipublished_or_final_version
Housing Management
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Master of Housing Management
Books on the topic "Housing (concept)"
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Université de Picardie. Équipe "Habiter: processus indentitaires, processus sociaux.", ed. Habiter: Vers un nouveau concept? Paris: Armand Colin, 2012.
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Baumann, Winfried. Instant housing: A residential concept for homeless people and other urban nomads. [Nurnberg]: Winfried Baumann, 2001.
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Haske, Margaret. Accessory apartments: Developing private partnerships to market the concept and counsel homeowners : final report. Washington, D.C: Administration on Aging, 1988.
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Haske, Margaret. Accessory apartments: Developing private partnerships to market the concept and counsel homeowners : final report. Washington, D.C: Administration on Aging, 1988.
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International, GHK, and Tata Institute of Social Sciences., eds. Preparation of plan for Southern Karnataka Region: Bangalore Sub-region : housing sector opportunities and constrains for strategic intervention within the context of SKR regional concept plan & BMR structure plan. United Kingdom: GHK International, 1997.
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Roger, Burridge, and Ormandy David, eds. Unhealthy housing: Research, remedies, and reform. London: E. & F.N. Spon, 1993.
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Gabler, Karl A. A demonstration of a form of unsubsidized community sponsored modified life care for elderly families of moderate income: The cooperative retirement concept. Washington, D.C: Administration on Aging, Office of Human Development Services, Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1986.
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Shitov, Viktor. Organization of resource supply for housing and communal services. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1002912.
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The tutorial reveals the concept and essence of organization of the provision of resources for housing, utilities, composition and structure of housing and communal services of Russia, organizational-economic mechanism of management of the housing stock, rules of granting of utilities, tariff policy in the Russian Federation, methods of reducing the level of tariffs for housing and communal services, Provision of utilities to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and houses, the main areas of resource conservation residential premises, organization of work of the emergency repair service of housing and communal services, procedure for maintenance and repair of engineering equipment of housing and communal services, malfunctions of the emergency order and terms of their elimination. A description of practical work is provided, as well as a list of independent works. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of secondary professional education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education institutions. It can be used in the development of the PM discipline. 02 "organization of resource provision of housing and communal services", which is part of the MDK.02.01 "organization of resource provision of housing and communal services" in the specialty 43.02.08 "housing and communal services".
Book chapters on the topic "Housing (concept)"
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Ekici, Didem. "The Concept of Type in Hellerau Garden City." In Housing and the City, 40–53. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003245216-7.
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Isah, Abubakar Danladi. "The Concept of Cultural Character in Public Housing Design." In Urban Public Housing in Northern Nigeria, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40192-8_1.
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Beier, Raffael. "Revisiting Stokes’ Theory of Slums: Towards Decolonised Housing Concepts from the Global South." In The Urban Book Series, 53–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06550-7_4.
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AbstractRecently, large-scale housing programmes have experienced a revival in many countries of the Global South. They are criticised for their top-down, standardised, and supply-driven nature, which hardly meets people’s demands. At the heart of the problem lies the concept of “material decency”—a normative and shelter-centric notion of housing, inspired by colonial planning and developmentalist thought. Many African housing programmes confuse “material decency” with the demand-driven, bottom-up concept, of adequate housing. Following this, the stigmatisation of autoconstructed neighbourhoods prevails and housing is primarily reduced to a question of material shelter. Adding to significant contributions about the need for southern perspectives on urban planning, this chapter offers an alternative entry point by revisiting Stokes’ A Theory of Slums published in 1962. Interestingly, Stokes’ theory did not deal with housing directly but focused on “slum” dwellers’ socioeconomic integration and structural factors of exclusion. I argue to re-interpret Stokes’ notion of barriers to social escalation as a structural discrimination of “slum” dwellers. Such stigmatisation may be read as a major reason behind the proliferation of so-called slums. Based on the author’s fieldwork in Morocco and additional literature, the aim is to deconstruct the role of “material decency” and to offer pathways towards decolonised housing concepts from the Global South. For this purpose, the chapter suggests five cornerstones of adequate housing, namely subjectivity, non-materiality, flexibility, contextuality, and choice.
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Drebenstedt, Claudia, Marcus Knobloch, David Löpitz, Elisa Ruth Bader, and Patryk Nossol. "Innovative Design Concept for the Safety of Battery Housing." In Future Automotive Production Conference 2022, 47–58. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39928-3_4.
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Shahrour, Isam. "A Comprehensive Smart System for the Social Housing Sector." In Smart Cities, 121–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35664-3_9.
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AbstractThis chapter presents a comprehensive smart system for the social housing sector which considers technical, social, and environmental issues. The chapter is composed of four sections. The first section discusses the challenges of the social housing sector with an emphasis on the social and environmental dimensions. The second section presents the research methodology, including an analysis of the expectations of the tenants and the social housing manager and the specifications for the design of the comprehensive smart system. The third section describes the architecture of the smart system, including the stakeholders’ communication channels, the monitoring system, and the smart services. The last section shows an application of smart system to a renovated social housing residence. The chapter shows that the comprehensive smart system should go beyond the smart building concept by extending this concept to the construction of a smart community and the involvement of this community in the improvement of the social housing environment.
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Sinha, Braj Raj Kumar, and Prabhakar Nishad. "Concept, Status, and Progress of Affordable Housing in Urban India." In AUC 2019, 455–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5608-1_35.
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Omar, Osama. "Rethinking the Sustainable Housing Concept in the Post-pandemic Era." In Sustainable Urban Transitions, 329–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2695-4_19.
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Moore, Trivess, and Andréanne Doyon. "Providing Sustainable Housing through Sustainability Transitions." In A Transition to Sustainable Housing, 123–46. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2760-9_5.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the concept of sustainability transitions and how it offers a framework to change some of the deep structural elements and embeddedness within the current housing regime. Much of the focus in improving the design, quality, and performance of housing has resulted in minor tweaks rather than the more significant changes required to provide sustainable housing at the scale and rate required for a low carbon future. We begin this chapter with an overview of sustainability transitions theory and research, including exploring where sustainability transitions occur. Following this, we note emerging sustainable housing and transitions research and identify several important socio-technical dimensions for change which will be discussed in more detail in Chaps. 6 and 7.
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Giglio, Francesca, and Sara Sansotta. "Design for Emergency: Inclusive Housing Solution." In The Urban Book Series, 907–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_81.
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AbstractThe paper describes a study on the growing emergency of homelessness, of which alarming data are estimated at national and European levels and which the Cohesion policies of the European Community are addressing. Thanks to the recent launch of the Collaboration Platform on Homelessness to stimulate dialog, improve data collection and monitoring and strengthen cooperation between all actors involved in the fight against the phenomenon. The emerging concept of ‘Design for Emergency’ highlights the historical link between temporary and emergency living regarding the welfare and health implications of the weak. The aim is twofold: to define a theoretical and design model that can be repeated, contributing on the one hand to a process of social reintegration for fragile realities and on the other to the circularity of construction processes and the recovery of resources and components, through innovative housing solutions, with characteristics of modularity, disassembly and dry connections. The results, deriving from a deductive scalar methodological approach, concern: (i) data collection is inherent to the issues addressed, the emergency conditions; (ii) a critical analysis of the data acquired and systematized; (iii) methodological and design experimentation. The research hopes for repeatable results in diverse marginal contexts, respecting the disparate needs not only of the users but of the place where the temporary installation will be needed. This is an aspect in which the intervention of the municipal administrations and all possible stakeholders involved is fundamental and which at the moment may represent a limitation, albeit a surmountable one of the research.
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Assylbayev, Aidar B., Marina V. Safronchuk, Kunduzkul N. Niiazalieva, and Natalia A. Brovko. "Green Transformation and the Concept of Energy Efficiency in the Housing Sector." In Innovative Trends in International Business and Sustainable Management, 567–77. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4005-7_61.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Housing (concept)"
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Reztrie, Noveryna Dwika, Irma H. Lubis, Hanson E. Kusuma, M. Donny Koerniawan, and Rachmawan Budiarto. "Perception on Green Building Concept for Vertical Housing." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Green Energy and Applications (ICGEA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgea.2018.8356297.
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Prelvukaj, Zana, Lulzim Beqiri, Rineta Jashari, and Faton Spahiu. "Underground house as a new concept of housing." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.29.
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Mulyono, Ahmad Azis, and Rini Hidayati. "Adopting open source concept and incremental housing as self-planning housing for low-income community." In EXPLORING RESOURCES, PROCESS AND DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Engineering, Technology, and Industrial Application (ICETIA) 2018. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112435.
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MECO, Kristiana. "Concept of heritage Materialization and Modernity." In ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000111.
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This research aims to investigate the inclusion of approaches and ideas of heritage materializa- tion and modernity through analysis and case studies of both the period of modernity and the preservation of cultural heritage. The relationship we find between the materialization of cultural heritage and modernity is a dynamic interaction between the preservation of cultural heritage and the rapid transformations that occur with modern architecture. Materialization is both physical for cultural identification and historical heritage that is related to concrete places and traditions of a certain space or a physical place. The preservation of objects of important cultural value, such as old buildings, monuments, are part of the process of materializing the value of heritage. The methodology used shows how the modern method tries to protect the materialization of the heritage from the influences of the modern period such as urban expansions, mass productions by making an adaptation of the traditional methods to the contemporary ones. The methodology will be developed by comparing the materialization and modernity without affecting its history, but preserving it. The aim of this study helps us to understand how modern conservation navigates practical chal- lenges, in innovative technologies, strongly preserving materialized heritage in the face of new modern forces. By promoting a dialogue that maintains the balance between the materialization of heritage and modernity, in this way a sense of continuity with the past is preserved in the com- plexity between the present and the future. The initial hypothesis is related to the research question: What is the connection between modern conservation and modernity? Heritage has an important role in determining not only the physical identity of objects, but also the individual and collective identity of people. It connects us with the past, influences the present and informs the future. The results are expected to show how heritage is a factor that is preserved, passed on to future generations, materialized and guarantees important values in our society. In general, the materi- alization of cultural heritage is fundamental in the transmission and preservation of data. Every object and building must be preserved physically and also from a historical point of view, since they have a certain value.
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BHATTACHARJEE, Dr J. "Utilising Concept of Green Design for Energy Efficient Affordable Housing." In 2018 International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control (PEEIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peeic.2018.8665637.
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"Market Viability Study for Housing Enterprises: A New Concept Discussion." In 9th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2002. ERES, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2002_225.
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Rondinel-Oviedo, Daniel R., Martha Pomasonco-Alvis, and Naomi Keena. "Future Use Architecture: Connecting housing policy, housing typology, and resource use for housing in Canada." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.5.
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This study investigates the potential of residential building material stock in Canadian cities to address Canada’shousing and retrofitting needs. We introduce the concept of Future-Use Architecture (FUA) within a Circular Economy(CE) design approach. Cities are significant contributors to a nation’s material resource use, but they are also banksof materials. In alignment with Canadian government policies and projections, the study addresses the imperative ofretrofitting 600,000 homes annually until 2040 and meeting the demand for 2.3 million new homes between 2021 and2030. FUA involves incorporating recovered materials into new building designs and the early integration of end-of-life building strategies, such as design for disassembly. This approach encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of urban building material stocks and the development of reuse and recycling strategies.This paper builds on prior work by the authors that investigated the potential carbon emission reductions throughmaterial recovery in Canadian housing stocks. Taking this as a starting point, it links this knowledge to current government policies for renovating and building new housing in Canada by 2040. The findings highlight the substantial quantities of building materials embedded in our structures and the considerable potential for reducing environmental impacts, such as carbon emissions, through adopting the Future-Use Architecture (FUA) approach. However, it becomes apparent that substantial shifts in both material supply and construction practices within Canada are imperative to fully unlock the potential of FUA and efficiently utilize the materials stored in our buildings.
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Ishan, J. R. P., N. De Silva, and K. T. Withanage. "Use of shipping container housing concept as a low cost housing solution for resettlement projects in urban areas." In 8th World Construction Symposium. University of Moratuwa, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2019.60.
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Suryandari, Putri. "Concept of Sustainable Housing Design and Material construction in the Tropics." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Multidisciplinary and Its Applications Part 1, WMA-01 2018, 19-20 January 2018, Aceh, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-1-2018.2281884.
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HUSAR, Milan, Matej JASSO, Sila Ceren VARIS HUSAR, and Vladimir ONDREJICKA. "Innovative Soft Planning Tools and the Concept of Positive Energy." In ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000116.
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The concept of positive energy districts, as one of the tools to reach the objectives of European Strategic Energy Technology Plan, is one of the most broadly discussed energy transition instruments for European territories. Besides its technical aspects, there is an increased focus on the governance of the energy transition and more soft elements of the concept which are focusing on adoption of the new approaches to energy consumption by citizens and other stakeholders. We argue that one part of this transition is anchored in the planning culture of the respective countries/regions and that all the transition schemes must be sensibly tailored to the specific needs of a given place, locality and community. This contribution is focusing on soft planning tools as the inherent part of the positive energy district concept and the innovations that can support the energy transformation processes. Reflecting on the results of H2020 Making City Project and the experience from Slovakia, we are discussing the requirements of successful PED projects focusing on successful energy transition and adoption of new technologies by communities. We conclude with a set of observations of the factors contributing to successful adoption of positive energy district implementations.
Reports on the topic "Housing (concept)"
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Harter, Rachel, Joseph McMichael, and S. Grace Deng. New Approach for Handling Drop Point Addresses in Mail/ Web Surveys. RTI Press, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0074.2209.
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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of drop unit substitution in address-based samples for mail and web surveys. A drop point is a single US Postal Service (USPS) delivery point or receptacle that services multiple businesses, families, or households (USPS, 2017). Residential drop units are the individual housing units served by the drop point address. For the most part, address-based sampling frames list the number of units at a drop point address but will not contain information identifying specific units. Drop units comprise less than 2 percent of all residential addresses in the United States (McMichael, 2017), but they tend to be concentrated in certain large cities. In Queens, New York, for example, drop units constitute 27 percent of residential housing units. The problem with drop units for address-based surveys with mail contacts is that, without names or unit identifiers, there is no way to control which unit receives the various mailings. This limitation leads to distorted selection probabilities, renders the use of cash incentives by mail impractical, and precludes traditional methods for mail nonresponse follow-up, thus resulting in higher nonresponse. Alternatively, excluding drop units results in coverage error, which can be considerable for some subnational estimates. The authors propose a substitution approach when a drop unit is sampled—in other words, replacing the unit with a similar nearby unit in a non–drop point building.
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Laguyás, Natalia, Fermín Vivanco, Carolina Carrasco, Carolina Piedrafita, and Camila De Ferrari. Proptech in Latin America and the Caribbean: How Technology Can Help Reduce the Housing Deficit. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004483.
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Recognizing the widespread concern that disruptions created by technology have not yet benefited middle- and low-income households, this study explores the potential of PropTech to positively impact the housing challenges in the region, with a particular focus on the poor or vulnerable populations. This study reveals several emerging trends that offer insight to those thinking about digital transformation in the housing and real estate sector for Latin America and the Caribbean and serve as the foundation for more research. PropTech startups are defined broadly as fast-growing actors that are developing technology-based business models for housing real estate markets. This includes companies operating on most phases of the housing value chain, from the housing units supply side (land, construction, access to services, and home improvement) to the demand side (financing, renting, buying, selling, and commercializing units). PropTech startups mainly address two key issues in the traditional real estate market: lack of transparency and processes inefficiencies. Reducing costs and making information available equalizes the markets playing field. The opportunity for PropTech startups to develop business models that cover lower income brackets is still largely unexplored. Currently, profitable businesses are mostly serving high-income bracket groups. Thus, large-scale solutions that would make investing in the low-income segment profitable remain an opportunity for PropTech companies to target. Also, opportunities remain for startups to explore housing solutions that strengthen adaptation to climate change and curb harmful environmental impact through technology innovations through retrofitting efforts or the repurposing of existing units. The report pays special attention to the different links in the value chain and highlights success stories that are having an impact on the current housing market, resulting in a snapshot of scalable, private-sector-led solutions currently deployed to solve pressing housing problems in the region.
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Lu, Tianjun, Jian-yu Ke, Azure Fisher, Mahmoud Salari, Patricia Valladolid, and Fynnwin Prager. Should State Land in Southern California Be Allocated to Warehousing Goods or Housing People? Analyzing Transportation, Climate, and Unintended Consequences of Supply Chain Solutions. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2231.
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In response to COVID-19 pandemic supply chain issues, the State of California issued Executive Order (EO) N-19-21 to use state land to increase warehousing capacity. This highlights a land-use paradox between economic and environmental goals: adding warehouse capacity increases climate pollution and traffic congestion around the ports and warehouses, while there is a deficit of affordable housing and high homeless rates in port-adjacent underserved communities. This study aims to inform regional policymakers and community stakeholders about these trade-offs by identifying current and future supply of and demand for warehousing and housing in Southern California through 2040. The study uses statistical analysis and forecasting, and evaluates across numerous scenarios the environmental impact of meeting demand for both with the Community LINE Source Model. Warehousing and housing are currently projected to be in high demand across Southern California in future decades, despite short-run adjustments in the post-pandemic period of inflation and net declines in population. Using state land for warehousing creates environmental justice concerns, as the number of air pollution hotspots increases even with electrifying trucking fleets, especially when compared against low-impact affordable housing developments. However, low-income housing demand appears to be positively correlated with unemployment, suggesting that the jobs provided by warehousing development might help to ameliorate that concern.
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Lykins, Amy, Joey Tognela, Kylie Robinson, Rosie Ryan, and Phillip Tully. The mental health effects of eco-anxiety – a systematic review of quantitative research. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0025.
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Review question / Objective: The aim of the review is to synthesise findings from quantitative studies that investigate ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and climate-anxiety in relation to self-reported mental health. Population of interest: The general adult population aged 18 years. Exposure (risk factor): The exposure is defined as the presence of any ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and/or climate-anxiety that is quantified either before, concurrently, or after a mental health symptom (e.g. depression, and/or anxiety - see Outcomes). As ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and climate-anxiety are relatively new concepts that lack a standard definition, we will include validated and emerging unvalidated self-report measures of these constructs, as well as closely related constructs; solastalgia, eco- and climate-grief, eco- and climate-guilt, eco- and climate-distress, eco- and climate-despair, eco- and climate-worry. Ineligible exposures are detrimental environmental events (e.g. flood, bushfire, drought) or climatic conditions (e.g. ambient temperatures) or distress related to psychosocial impacts of environmental events (e.g. loss of income or housing due to landslide). Comparator: The general adult population aged 18+ without ecological grief, eco-anxiety, and/or climate-anxiety or related constructs as defined above in Exposure. Outcome: The primary outcomes are mental health symptoms quantified by validated self-report measures of depression, anxiety, stress.
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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer, and Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.
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The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.
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Szałańska, Justyna, Justyna Gać, Ewa Jastrzębska, Paweł Kubicki, Paulina Legutko-Kobus, Marta Pachocka, Joanna Zuzanna Popławska, and Dominik Wach. Country report: Poland. Welcoming spaces in relation to social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability in shrinking regions. Welcoming Spaces Consortium, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/welcoming_spaces_2022.
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This report aims to present findings of the research conducted in Poland within the Work Package 1 of the Welcoming Spaces project, namely “Welcoming spaces” in relation to economic viability, social wellbeing and political stability in shrinking regions. The main aim of the mentioned research was to examine how welcoming initiatives are organised and implemented in the selected shrinking localities in Poland. In particular, the creation of welcoming initiatives concerning social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability was assessed. To accomplish this objective, five localities were selected purposefully, namely Łomża (city with powiat status) and Zambrów (urban commune) in Podlaskie Voivodeship and Łuków (town), Wohyń (rural commune) and Zalesie (rural commune) in Lubelskie Voivodeship. Within these localities, 23 welcoming initiatives were identified, out of which 12 were chosen for in-depth research. The field research was conducted in all five localities between March and December 2021. During this period, the SGH Warsaw School of Economics team conducted 43 interviews with institutional stakeholders (representatives of local governments, schools, non-governmental organisations – NGOs, religious organisations and private companies) and individuals (both migrant newcomers and native residents). In addition, local government representatives were surveyed to compare their policies, measures and stances toward migrant inhabitants and local development. The research was also complemented with the literature review, policy documents analysis, and local media outlets discourse analysis. Until February 2022 and the outbreak of war in Ukraine, welcoming spaces in Poland were scarce and spatially limited to the big cities like Warsaw, Cracow, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Lublin or Białystok, governed by liberal mayors and city councils open to accept migrants and treat them as a valuable human asset of the city community. However, in smaller cities, towns and rural areas, especially in shrinking regions, welcoming spaces have been highly conditioned by welcoming initiatives carried out mainly by civil society organisations (CSOs). It is very likely that the war in Ukraine will completely change the situation we write about in this country report. However, this crisis and its consequences were not the subjects of our desk research and fieldwork in Poland, which ended in December 2021. As of late July 2022, the number of border crossings from Ukraine to Poland is almost 5 million and the number of forced migrants registered for temporary protection or similar national protection scheme concern 1.3 million people (UNHCR 2022). However, the number of those who have decided to stay in Poland is estimated at around 1.5 million (Duszczyk and Kaczmarczyk 2022). Such a large influx of forced migrants from Ukraine within five months already affects the demographic situation in the country and access to public services, mainly in large and medium-size cities1 . Depending on the development of events in Ukraine and the number of migrants who will decide to stay in Poland in the following months, the functioning of the domestic labour market, education, health service, and social assistance may significantly change. The following months may also bring new changes in the law relating to foreigners, aimed at their easier integration in the country. Access to housing in cities is already a considerable challenge, which may result in measures to encourage foreigners to settle in smaller towns and rural areas. Given these dynamic changes in the migration situation of the country, as well as in the area of admission and integration activities, Poland seems to be slowly becoming one great welcoming space. It is worth mentioning that the main institutional actors in this area have been NGOs and local governments since the beginning of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine. An important supporting and coordinating role has also been played by international organisations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which launched its inter-agency Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRRP) in early spring to address the most urgent needs of the population of forced migrants and their host countries in this part of Europe (UNHCR 2022a; UNHCR 2022b; UNHCR 2022c). Based on the number of newly emerged welcoming initiatives and the pace of this emergence, they will soon become an everyday reality for every municipality in Poland. Therefore, it is difficult to find more up-todate circumstances for the “Welcoming Spaces” project objective, which is “to rethink ways forward in creating inclusive space in such a way that it will contribute firstly to the successful integration of migrants in demographically and economically shrinking areas and simultaneously to the revitalization of these places”. Furthermore, the initiatives we selected as case studies for our research should be widely promoted and treated as a model of migrants’ inclusion into the new communities. On the other hand, we need to emphasize here that the empirical material was collected between March and December 2021, before the outbreak of war in Ukraine. As such, it does not reflect the new reality in Poland
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Venture Capital for Low-Income Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006250.
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Investing in housing, healthcare, education, basic utilities and nutrition can not only fulfill a social mission, but it can also be a profitable business venture.This is the concept of IGNIA Fund, which will channel venture capital resources to fund commercially viable growth companies serving the base of the pyramid, those persons in Latin America and the Caribbean earning less than $3,260 a year.The IGNIA Fund selects projects with the potential to be expanded on a larger scale, thereby increasing the social and economic impact.