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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Housing Developing countries

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Academic literature on the topic 'Housing Developing countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Housing Developing countries"

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Struyk, Raymond J., and Douglas H. Keare. "Housing needs in developing countries." Cities 4, no. 1 (February 1987): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(87)90045-x.

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McCallum, Douglas. "Housing policy in developing countries." Cities 8, no. 2 (May 1991): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(91)90018-m.

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Mukhija, Vinit. "Upgrading Housing Settlements in Developing Countries." Cities 18, no. 4 (August 2001): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-2751(01)00014-2.

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Britten, John R. "Housing and Health in Developing Countries." Statistician 39, no. 2 (1990): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2348543.

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CHANG, CHIN-OH, and PETER LINNEMAN. "Forecasting Housing Investment in Developing Countries." Growth and Change 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1990.tb00510.x.

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Pugh, Cedric. "Housing policy development in developing countries." Cities 11, no. 3 (June 1994): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(94)90057-4.

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Msambichaka, J. J. A. "Developing of appropriate urban housing concepts in developing countries." Building Research & Information 21, no. 3 (May 1993): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613219308727281.

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Rondinelli, Dennis A. "Housing the Urban Poor in Developing Countries." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 49, no. 2 (April 1990): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1990.tb02269.x.

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Rondinelli, Dennis A. "Housing the Urban Poor in Developing Countries." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 49, no. 3 (July 1990): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1990.tb02276.x.

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Keivani, Ramin, and Edmundo Werna. "Modes of housing provision in developing countries." Progress in Planning 55, no. 2 (February 2001): 65–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-9006(00)00022-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Housing Developing countries"

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吳家鎚 and Ka-chui Ng. "The housing problem in the third world with particular reference to Asian developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976359.

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Navarro, Ignacio Antonio. "Housing tenure, property rights, and urban development in developing countries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24668.

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The dissertation explores how distinctive institutional factors related to property rights determine urban development patterns and housing tenure modalities in a developing economy context. The first part proposes a choice-theoretic model that explains the existence of the Antichresis contractual arrangement as a way to temporarily divide property rights. The model explains why the Antichresis contract dominates the Periodic-Rent contract in terms of landlord profits for certain types of property in which the gains in expected profits from solving the problem of adverse selection of tenants offset the loss of expected profits created by the moral hazard in landlords investments. The empirical section of the dissertation provides evidence in support of the model. Using data from Bolivia, I find that property types that require less landlord maintenance investment have higher capitalization rates under Antichresis contracts than they would under Monthly-Rent contracts and vice-versa. Additionally, the model shows that the Antichresis contract has limited capacity for helping the poor as suggested by recent literature. On the contrary, it can be hurtful for the poor in markets were landlords have limited information about tenants, in markets with inefficient court systems, or in markets with tenant-friendly regulations. The second part of the dissertation explores the issue of squatter settlements in the developing world. The theoretical model presented in this part explains how the landlord squatter strategies based on credible threats drive capital investment incentives and ultimately shape urban land development in areas with pervasive squatting. The model predicts that squatter settlements develop with higher structural densities than formal sector development. This prediction explains why property owners of housing that originated in squatter settlements take longer periods of time to upgrade than comparable property owners who built in the formal sector even after they receive titles to their property. The higher original structural density increases the marginal benefit of waiting in the redeveloping decision creating a legacy effect of high-density low-quality housing in these types of settlements. Geo-coded data from Cochabamba, Bolivia, support the hypotheses proposed by the theoretical model and raise questions about the unintended consequences of current policies affecting informal development.

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Kavishe, Neema Wilbard. "Improving the delivery of PPP housing projects in developing countries." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8784/.

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The supply of adequate and affordable houses is still a big challenge in many developing countries. Governments have sought to use different housing strategies, such as public private partnerships (PPPs), to solve these urban housing problems, but with limited success. The aim of this study is, firstly, to examine the challenges affecting the delivery of HPPP projects in developing countries and, secondly, to propose a PPP conceptual model to address the identified challenges. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data from various stakeholders involved with housing public private partnership (HPPP) projects. Purposive sampling was used to select the targeted respondents. The quantitative data were analysed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) whereas the qualitative data were analysed by content analysis. This study identified several challenges hindering the success of HPPP projects with the highest ranked challenge found to be: inadequate PPP skills and knowledge. Results demonstrate that PPP can be adopted as an alternative approach; however; the identified challenges need to be addressed for a successful outcome to be achieved. The key contributions to knowledge include: bridging the literature gap as this study is the first that identifies and ranks the HPPP challenges within the developing country context. Additionally, a conceptual model has been developed by adopting (and modifying as appropriate) success factors from international best practice. It is anticipated that the proposed conceptual model, validated by PPP experts, will provide a valuable road map for the successful delivery of HPPP projects in developing countries.

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Hylton, Amri Elizabeth. "Private/public partnership for low-cost housing in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74773.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 41-42.
by Amri Elizabeth Hylton.
M.C.P.

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Ng, Ka-chui. "The housing problem in the third world with particular reference to Asian developing countries." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13009138.

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Malik, Tariq Habib. "Housing finance in developing countries : a case study of Lahore, Pakistan." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240747.

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This thesis deals with the systems of housing and housing finance around the world with special reference to Lahore, Pakistan. Formal systems are predominantly functioning in the developed countries and informal systems are prevalent in the developing countries. The formal systems are very well established in the developed countries, but help only a fraction of the people in the developing countries. Informal systems of housing finance (such as personal savings, help from the family and friends, rotary credit system and borrowing from private money lenders) are the main source of financing a home in the developing countries and playa minor role in the developed countries. Four case studies of India, Kenya, Turkey and Brazil demonstrate that the formal systems are developing in these countries. Governments in the developing countries are trying to cope with the shortage of housing without viable housing finance systems. This thesis includes an investigation of the housing finance system in Pakistan and the field work looks at how the inhabitants of middleclass areas in Lahore finance the construction, purchase and improvements made to their homes. Households have used both formal and informal methods of saving such as personal savings, money from relatives and friends, HBFC, Commercial Banks, Rotary Credit System, remittances from abroad, also by selling jewellery and other assets, loans from their employers and from private money lenders. The access to the fonnal housing finance system is very difficult and time consuming and the people who borrowed money from this system contribute only a little as compared to the total price of the house. A contributory factor is also the breaking up of the joint family system increasing the demand for housing. The study of nine different middle-class localities in Lahore shows that the existing fonnal housing finance system does not reach the middle classes. The study also establishes that people have enough savings to put towards the deposit for the house and their incomes can support the monthly instalments if a housing loan is available to them. There is need of a viable housing finance system with which savings can be mobilised and then utilised for loans to house purchasers. If the government wishes to ease the housing shortage they should alter the system of land transfer (land registrations) by reducing the taxes which would encourage the market.

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Shoup, Lawrence Miladinovich. "Low-cost housing for developing countries: an analysis of the design process." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80108.

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The subsequent data, analysis and case study is an attempt to clarify architectural approaches to meeting housing shortages in developing nations. This thesis is directed towards providing a greater understanding of the Third World building environment by examining unforeseen constraints, design parameters and the architect's new role vis-a-vis housing design for developing countries, as well as design approaches and strategies related to the housing problem in the developing world. These aspects of low-cost housing design in developing nations have been distilled into a process of design which is intended to further define a direction an architect can pursue in order to arrive at a feasible design solution regarding low-cost housing in developing countries. As a conclusion, the thesis provides a frame of reference to the previous analysis with a case study of the Dominican Republic, describing the country itself, its housing problem and some design proposals put forward by regional architects as a part of an international seminar on housing sponsored by the Dominican housing organization, CII-VIVIENDAS. Chapters one, two and three approach the topic of low-cost housing in developing countries as an analysis of the broadest architectural considerations. Chapter one, "Design Constraints for Low-Cost Housing in Developing Countries" introduces the initial design considerations of building conditions in the developing world from the perspective of an architect trained in the construction practices of the more advanced industrial nations. In comparison to the conventional architectural environment of the developed nations, the limited construction resources of developing nations constitute severe building constraints. These constraints are examined. Chapter two, "Summary of Design Parameters for Developing Countries" derives design guidelines from the architectural constraints of chapter one. Chapter three. "Housing Design for Developing Countries: New Architectural Roles, New Design Approaches & New Design Process" supplements the analysis of the first two chapters with a review of current architects' design responses to the rigid building parameters inherent in low-cost housing design for developing countries. Chapter four, "A Case Study of the Dominican Republic: Country & Housing Characteristics" provides a frame of reference for the previous analysis with information concerning the country, the architectural influences and the housing data of the Dominican Republic. The Dominican Republic suffers from housing problems typical to most developing countries. Chapter five. "Dominican Low-Cost Housing Seminar: Possible Low-Cost Housing Solutions for the Dominican Republic" concludes the thesis with a synthesis of the analysis and the case study. The synthesis is presented in terms of the diverse solutions to the housing shortage of the Dominican Republic reached by the participants of a low-cost housing seminar in the Dominican Republic. The seminar held in the winter of 1985 included foreign participants from both developed and developing countries in addition to the native Dominican participants. The design options described at the conclusion of chapter five are reflective of the current paths of low-cost housing development.
Master of Architecture

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Ahmed, Khondkar Iftekhar. "A micro-level view of low-income rural housing in Bangladesh." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325502.

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Krishnaswamy, Vidya. "Minimum design standards strategies for specific urban locations with reference to India." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063105/.

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Dad, M. "The use of cement stabilised soil for low cost housing in developing countries." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355840.

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Books on the topic "Housing Developing countries"

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1942-, Mayo Stephen K., and Gross David J. 1958-, eds. Housing demand in developing countries. Washington, D.C., U.S.A: World Bank, 1985.

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Buckley, Robert M. Housing Finance in Developing Countries. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601.

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1956-, Shidlo Gil, ed. Housing policy in developing countries. London: Routledge, 1990.

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Mutizwa-Mangiza, N. D. Improving rural shelter in developing countries. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1995.

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Mathur, G. C. Low-cost housing in developing countries. New Delhi: For Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1993.

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Datta, Kavita, and Gareth A. Jones. Housing and finance in developing countries. London: Routledge, 2002.

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1966-, Datta Kavita, and Jones Gareth A. 1964-, eds. Housing and finance in developing countries. London: Routledge, 1999.

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Kosta, Mathéy, ed. Beyond self-help housing. London: Mansell, 1992.

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Tipple, A. Graham. The hidden millions: Homelessness in developing countries. New York: Routledge, 2009.

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Keivani, Ramin. Modes of housing provision in developing countries. Oxford: Pergamon, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Housing Developing countries"

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Buckley, Robert M. "Introduction." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 1–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_1.

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Buckley, Robert M. "The Real Sector Dimension: Constraints on Encouraging the Private Sector." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 146–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_10.

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Buckley, Robert M. "The World Bank Experience with Housing Finance." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 159–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_11.

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Buckley, Robert M. "Conclusion." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 175–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_12.

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Buckley, Robert M. "The Financial Policy Dimension." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 11–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_2.

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Buckley, Robert M. "The Fiscal Policy Dimension." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 25–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_3.

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Buckley, Robert M. "The Real Sector Dimension." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 38–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_4.

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Buckley, Robert M. "A Simple Theory of the Policy Dimensions of the Housing Sector." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 57–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_5.

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Buckley, Robert M. "The Financial Dimension: Mortgage Instruments." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 73–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_6.

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Buckley, Robert M. "The Financial Policy Dimension: Competition for Deposits." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 89–105. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Housing Developing countries"

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Silveira, Francisco Massucci, and Lucila Chebel Labaki. "Use of natural ventilation in reducing building energy consumption in single-family housing in Brazil." In 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/redec.2012.6416709.

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Zhou, Addmore. "DISCUSSING HOUSING FINANCE AND INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE ZIMBABWEAN CASE." In 16th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2016_153.

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Habieb, A. B., G. Milani, Tavio, and F. Milani. "Low cost rubber seismic isolators for masonry housing in developing countries." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2017 (ICCMSE-2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012369.

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Jiwane, Anamika. "Public Participation in Housing Projects of Developing Countries: Capacities and Confines." In 2020 Second International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Technology and Innovation in Building Designs. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51154.2020.9319944.

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Ganiyu, Bashir O., Julius A. Fapohunda, and Rainer Haldenwang. "Construction approaches to enhance sustainability in affordable housing in developing countries." In 2015 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcst.2015.7415129.

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Portilla-Carreño, Oscar, Guillermo Mejía, and David Grau. "Early Definition Matrix of Low-Cost Housing Projects for Developing Countries." In Construction Research Congress 2024. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784485286.061.

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"Analysis of Industrial Relocation in Relation to Housing and Infra-structural Services in Developing Countries." In 6th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 1999. ERES, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1999_178.

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Alhubashi, Haytham, and Josep Roca Cladera. "Housing types and choices in Saudi Arabia." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8116.

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Recently, and because of oil revenues, Gulf countries achieved great developments and made huge steps to be an advanced countries. These revenues encouraged Gulf countries to develop their economy, infrastructures and policies. Among Gulf countries, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has made a noticeable progress in recent decades in enhancing and developing the economy and urban form. Presently, there were different types of housing such as Villas, Duplex villas, Penthouse and so on. These housing divided, according to various factors such as Family income, requirement and needs, also take into account of the customs and traditions in the Saudi community. This study will discuss some of these changes like Housing sizes and use, actual needs, ability and the reasons behind these changes. Moreover, it is divided into two main parts, Theoretical review and analysis of data collection. The research techniques used are analysis of E-Questionnaire. Finally, the study would help to understand some of the expectations and needs of the Saudi Residents in the biggest cities in Saudi Arabia, for example the majority of households prefer to live in an independent and separate housing like (Villa).

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SHEHU, Dhurata, and Lucca LEZZERINI. "The challenges of applying Big Data in the urban planning practices for the developing countries. Case study in Albania." In ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000117.

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While urban populations are expanding, institutions are demanding more sustainable urban development, which has greatly increased urban planning complexity. The traditional urban planning method needs to shift in favour of an automated and optimised procedure due to the necessity to take into account social, legal, environmental, and economic factors. During the planning and decision-making phases of urban design, an important amount of data from multidisciplinary sources has to be constantly processed. Unfamiliar multidisciplinary data sets, on the other hand, can only result in confusion and ambiguity. Data Mining ensure a data-driven strategy to assist the urban design process. It refers to the process of searching for information hidden in a large amount of data through algorithms. Urban logistics can be planned more effectively using data mining technologies, which can also reduce logistics costs and speed up the development of the urban economy. A few nations are undertaking ambitious efforts to make use of this massive information bank for urban planning decision-making. But what are the pros and cons in this data-driven decision process? In Albania although ICT infrastructure is well-developed in urban areas, connection in rural areas is still a problem. Despite the significant advancements made in this field, the application of digital tools and technology in the context of urban planning difficul- ties is still not fully understood. The purpose of the study is to analyze the challenges of applying Big Data and Data Mining techniques in Albania and in other developing countries in the region.

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Casanovas-Rubio, Maria del Mar, S. M. Amin Hosseini, Albert de la Fuente, and Oriol Pons. "Optimisation of post-disaster assisted self-build housing construction and labour safety in developing countries." In IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ifou2018-05998.

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Reports on the topic "Housing Developing countries"

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Lee, Hong Soo, and Ashna Singh. Adequate and Affordable Housing: Enhancing ADB’s Support to Developing Member Countries. Asian Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220353-2.

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The pandemic has highlighted the importance of sanitary, affordable, and secure housing. This publication shares lessons from Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance in the housing sector between 2000 and 2020. It notes the need to balance supporting the poor and vulnerable with making markets work better. The authors identify two essential components of an effective housing ecosystem: (i) well-targeted subsidies for low-income households, and (ii) housing finance and supply for middle-income households that enables them to pay their own way.

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Martin, Carlos, Gisela Campillo, Jesús Navarrete, and Hilen Meirovich. Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation through Publically-Assisted Housing: Theoretical Framework for the IDB's Regional Policy Dialogue on Climate Change. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010563.

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In both developed and developing countries, sustainable and resilient public housing construction has been described as a convenient solution to the simultaneous challenges of 1) climate change mitigation, 2) adaptation to the impacts of climate change, and 3) insufficient housing supply. Indeed, designing, installing, and maintaining "green" land and construction techniques within national public housing programs has the potential for allaying a portion of these formidable challenges as they are most likely to be realized in the Latin American and Caribbean Region. Sustainable and resilient housing construction also yields long-term economic and social benefits in additional to environmental ones. The vehicles for this solution, however, are complex, constrained, and evolving.

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Funaro, Rita. Ideas for Development in the Americas (IDEA): Volume 26: September-December, 2011: Room for Development in Housing Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008374.

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Latin American and Caribbean countries are the most urban in the developing world, enjoy very high homeownership rates, and boast high average family incomes by developing world standards. However, many of the region's city inhabitants are still poorly housed. This issue of IDEA draws from the 2012 edition of the IDB's flagship publication titled Room for Development: Housing Markets in Latin America and the Caribbean to examine the magnitude of the problem and review policy options for dealing with it.

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Busso, Matías, Juan Pablo Chauvin, and Nicolás Herrera L. Rural-Urban Migration at High Urbanization Levels. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002904.

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This study assesses the empirical relevance of the Harris-Todaro model at high levels of urbanization a feature that characterizes an increasing number of developing countries, which were largely rural when the model was created 50 years ago. Using data from Brazil, the paper compares observed and model-based predictions of the equilibrium urban employment rate of 449 cities and the rural regions that are the historic sources of their migrant populations. Little support is found in the data for the most basic version of the model. However, extensions that incorporate labor informality and housing markets have much better empirical traction. Harris-Todaro equilibrium relationships are relatively stronger among workers with primary but no high school education, and those relationships are more frequently found under certain conditions: when cities are relatively larger; and when associated rural areas are closer to the magnet city and populated to a greater degree by young adults, who are most likely to migrate.

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Clark, Shelley, Sarah Brauner-Otto, and Mahjoube AmaniChakani. Family Change and Diversity in Canada. The Vanier Institute of the Family, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61959/s2876856c.

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Families in Canada, like those in other high-income countries, have undergone major changes in recentdecades. Women are having fewer children and are less likely to get married, resulting in smaller familyhouseholds and a growing proportion of children being raised by single or cohabiting parents. Divorcerates are declining, indicating that couples who do marry are more likely to stay married. Decisionsabout whether and when to marry or to have children are strongly influenced by ever-changingsocioeconomic factors and cultural values. Certain groups, including immigrants, visible minorities, and Indigenous peoples, follow distinctive patterns of family formation. Geography also shapesfamilies. Quebec and Nunavut stand out with very high cohabitation rates, and fertility is roughly 50% higher in rural than in urban Canada. These profound changes and striking variations have critical implications for the wellbeing of children and their families. Understanding these changes and the diversity in family patterns offers important guidance for developing tailored and effectivesocial policies regarding family, health, education, and housing.

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Bray, Jonathan, Ross Boulanger, Misko Cubrinovski, Kohji Tokimatsu, Steven Kramer, Thomas O'Rourke, Ellen Rathje, Russell Green, Peter Robertson, and Christine Beyzaei. U.S.—New Zealand— Japan International Workshop, Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movement Effects, University of California, Berkeley, California, 2-4 November 2016. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/gzzx9906.

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There is much to learn from the recent New Zealand and Japan earthquakes. These earthquakes produced differing levels of liquefaction-induced ground movements that damaged buildings, bridges, and buried utilities. Along with the often spectacular observations of infrastructure damage, there were many cases where well-built facilities located in areas of liquefaction-induced ground failure were not damaged. Researchers are working on characterizing and learning from these observations of both poor and good performance. The “Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movements Effects” workshop provided an opportunity to take advantage of recent research investments following these earthquake events to develop a path forward for an integrated understanding of how infrastructure performs with various levels of liquefaction. Fifty-five researchers in the field, two-thirds from the U.S. and one-third from New Zealand and Japan, convened in Berkeley, California, in November 2016. The objective of the workshop was to identify research thrusts offering the greatest potential for advancing our capabilities for understanding, evaluating, and mitigating the effects of liquefaction-induced ground movements on structures and lifelines. The workshop also advanced the development of younger researchers by identifying promising research opportunities and approaches, and promoting future collaborations among participants. During the workshop, participants identified five cross-cutting research priorities that need to be addressed to advance our scientific understanding of and engineering procedures for soil liquefaction effects during earthquakes. Accordingly, this report was organized to address five research themes: (1) case history data; (2) integrated site characterization; (3) numerical analysis; (4) challenging soils; and (5) effects and mitigation of liquefaction in the built environment and communities. These research themes provide an integrated approach toward transformative advances in addressing liquefaction hazards worldwide. The archival documentation of liquefaction case history datasets in electronic data repositories for use by the broader research community is critical to accelerating advances in liquefaction research. Many of the available liquefaction case history datasets are not fully documented, published, or shared. Developing and sharing well-documented liquefaction datasets reflect significant research efforts. Therefore, datasets should be published with a permanent DOI, with appropriate citation language for proper acknowledgment in publications that use the data. Integrated site characterization procedures that incorporate qualitative geologic information about the soil deposits at a site and the quantitative information from in situ and laboratory engineering tests of these soils are essential for quantifying and minimizing the uncertainties associated site characterization. Such information is vitally important to help identify potential failure modes and guide in situ testing. At the site scale, one potential way to do this is to use proxies for depositional environments. At the fabric and microstructure scale, the use of multiple in situ tests that induce different levels of strain should be used to characterize soil properties. The development of new in situ testing tools and methods that are more sensitive to soil fabric and microstructure should be continued. The development of robust, validated analytical procedures for evaluating the effects of liquefaction on civil infrastructure persists as a critical research topic. Robust validated analytical procedures would translate into more reliable evaluations of critical civil infrastructure iv performance, support the development of mechanics-based, practice-oriented engineering models, help eliminate suspected biases in our current engineering practices, and facilitate greater integration with structural, hydraulic, and wind engineering analysis capabilities for addressing multi-hazard problems. Effective collaboration across countries and disciplines is essential for developing analytical procedures that are robust across the full spectrum of geologic, infrastructure, and natural hazard loading conditions encountered in practice There are soils that are challenging to characterize, to model, and to evaluate, because their responses differ significantly from those of clean sands: they cannot be sampled and tested effectively using existing procedures, their properties cannot be estimated confidently using existing in situ testing methods, or constitutive models to describe their responses have not yet been developed or validated. Challenging soils include but are not limited to: interbedded soil deposits, intermediate (silty) soils, mine tailings, gravelly soils, crushable soils, aged soils, and cemented soils. New field and laboratory test procedures are required to characterize the responses of these materials to earthquake loadings, physical experiments are required to explore mechanisms, and new soil constitutive models tailored to describe the behavior of such soils are required. Well-documented case histories involving challenging soils where both the poor and good performance of engineered systems are documented are also of high priority. Characterizing and mitigating the effects of liquefaction on the built environment requires understanding its components and interactions as a system, including residential housing, commercial and industrial buildings, public buildings and facilities, and spatially distributed infrastructure, such as electric power, gas and liquid fuel, telecommunication, transportation, water supply, wastewater conveyance/treatment, and flood protection systems. Research to improve the characterization and mitigation of liquefaction effects on the built environment is essential for achieving resiliency. For example, the complex mechanisms of ground deformation caused by liquefaction and building response need to be clarified and the potential bias and dispersion in practice-oriented procedures for quantifying building response to liquefaction need to be quantified. Component-focused and system-performance research on lifeline response to liquefaction is required. Research on component behavior can be advanced by numerical simulations in combination with centrifuge and large-scale soil–structure interaction testing. System response requires advanced network analysis that accounts for the propagation of uncertainty in assessing the effects of liquefaction on large, geographically distributed systems. Lastly, research on liquefaction mitigation strategies, including aspects of ground improvement, structural modification, system health monitoring, and rapid recovery planning, is needed to identify the most effective, cost-efficient, and sustainable measures to improve the response and resiliency of the built environment.

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