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1
吳家鎚 and Ka-chui Ng. "The housing problem in the third world with particular reference to Asian developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976359.
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Navarro, Ignacio Antonio. "Housing tenure, property rights, and urban development in developing countries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24668.
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The dissertation explores how distinctive institutional factors related to property rights
determine urban development patterns and housing tenure modalities in a developing economy context. The first part proposes a choice-theoretic model that explains the existence of the
Antichresis contractual arrangement as a way to temporarily divide property rights. The model
explains why the Antichresis contract dominates the Periodic-Rent contract in terms of landlord
profits for certain types of property in which the gains in expected profits from solving the
problem of adverse selection of tenants offset the loss of expected profits created by the moral
hazard in landlords investments. The empirical section of the dissertation provides evidence in
support of the model. Using data from Bolivia, I find that property types that require less
landlord maintenance investment have higher capitalization rates under Antichresis contracts
than they would under Monthly-Rent contracts and vice-versa. Additionally, the model shows that the Antichresis contract has limited capacity for helping the poor as suggested by recent literature. On the contrary, it can be hurtful for the poor in markets were landlords have limited information about tenants, in markets with inefficient court systems, or in markets with tenant-friendly regulations.
The second part of the dissertation explores the issue of squatter settlements in the developing world. The theoretical model presented in this part explains how the landlord squatter
strategies based on credible threats drive capital investment incentives and ultimately
shape urban land development in areas with pervasive squatting. The model predicts that squatter settlements develop with higher structural densities than formal sector development. This prediction explains why property owners of housing that originated in squatter settlements take longer periods of time to upgrade than comparable property owners who built in the formal sector even after they receive titles to their property. The higher original structural density increases the marginal benefit of waiting in the redeveloping decision creating a legacy effect of high-density low-quality housing in these types of settlements. Geo-coded data from Cochabamba, Bolivia, support the hypotheses proposed by the theoretical model and raise questions about the unintended consequences of current policies affecting informal development.
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Kavishe, Neema Wilbard. "Improving the delivery of PPP housing projects in developing countries." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8784/.
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The supply of adequate and affordable houses is still a big challenge in many developing countries. Governments have sought to use different housing strategies, such as public private partnerships (PPPs), to solve these urban housing problems, but with limited success. The aim of this study is, firstly, to examine the challenges affecting the delivery of HPPP projects in developing countries and, secondly, to propose a PPP conceptual model to address the identified challenges. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data from various stakeholders involved with housing public private partnership (HPPP) projects. Purposive sampling was used to select the targeted respondents. The quantitative data were analysed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 22.0) whereas the qualitative data were analysed by content analysis. This study identified several challenges hindering the success of HPPP projects with the highest ranked challenge found to be: inadequate PPP skills and knowledge. Results demonstrate that PPP can be adopted as an alternative approach; however; the identified challenges need to be addressed for a successful outcome to be achieved. The key contributions to knowledge include: bridging the literature gap as this study is the first that identifies and ranks the HPPP challenges within the developing country context. Additionally, a conceptual model has been developed by adopting (and modifying as appropriate) success factors from international best practice. It is anticipated that the proposed conceptual model, validated by PPP experts, will provide a valuable road map for the successful delivery of HPPP projects in developing countries.
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Hylton, Amri Elizabeth. "Private/public partnership for low-cost housing in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74773.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 41-42.
by Amri Elizabeth Hylton.
M.C.P.
5
Ng, Ka-chui. "The housing problem in the third world with particular reference to Asian developing countries." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13009138.
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Malik, Tariq Habib. "Housing finance in developing countries : a case study of Lahore, Pakistan." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240747.
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This thesis deals with the systems of housing and housing finance around the world with special reference to Lahore, Pakistan. Formal systems are predominantly functioning in the developed countries and informal systems are prevalent in the developing countries. The formal systems are very well established in the developed countries, but help only a fraction of the people in the developing countries. Informal systems of housing finance (such as personal savings, help from the family and friends, rotary credit system and borrowing from private money lenders) are the main source of financing a home in the developing countries and playa minor role in the developed countries. Four case studies of India, Kenya, Turkey and Brazil demonstrate that the formal systems are developing in these countries. Governments in the developing countries are trying to cope with the shortage of housing without viable housing finance systems. This thesis includes an investigation of the housing finance system in Pakistan and the field work looks at how the inhabitants of middleclass areas in Lahore finance the construction, purchase and improvements made to their homes. Households have used both formal and informal methods of saving such as personal savings, money from relatives and friends, HBFC, Commercial Banks, Rotary Credit System, remittances from abroad, also by selling jewellery and other assets, loans from their employers and from private money lenders. The access to the fonnal housing finance system is very difficult and time consuming and the people who borrowed money from this system contribute only a little as compared to the total price of the house. A contributory factor is also the breaking up of the joint family system increasing the demand for housing. The study of nine different middle-class localities in Lahore shows that the existing fonnal housing finance system does not reach the middle classes. The study also establishes that people have enough savings to put towards the deposit for the house and their incomes can support the monthly instalments if a housing loan is available to them. There is need of a viable housing finance system with which savings can be mobilised and then utilised for loans to house purchasers. If the government wishes to ease the housing shortage they should alter the system of land transfer (land registrations) by reducing the taxes which would encourage the market.
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Shoup, Lawrence Miladinovich. "Low-cost housing for developing countries: an analysis of the design process." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80108.
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The subsequent data, analysis and case study is an attempt to clarify architectural approaches to meeting housing shortages in developing nations. This thesis is directed towards providing a greater understanding of the Third World building environment by examining unforeseen constraints, design parameters and the architect's new role vis-a-vis housing design for developing countries, as well as design approaches and strategies related to the housing problem in the developing world. These aspects of low-cost housing design in developing nations have been distilled into a process of design which is intended to further define a direction an architect can pursue in order to arrive at a feasible design solution regarding low-cost housing in developing countries. As a conclusion, the thesis provides a frame of reference to the previous analysis with a case study of the Dominican Republic, describing the country itself, its housing problem and some design proposals put forward by regional architects as a part of an international seminar on housing sponsored by the Dominican housing organization, CII-VIVIENDAS.
Chapters one, two and three approach the topic of low-cost housing in developing countries as an analysis of the broadest architectural considerations.
Chapter one, "Design Constraints for Low-Cost Housing in Developing Countries" introduces the initial design considerations of building conditions in the developing world from the perspective of an architect trained in the construction practices of the more advanced industrial nations. In comparison to the conventional architectural environment of the developed nations, the limited construction resources of developing nations constitute severe building constraints. These constraints are examined.
Chapter two, "Summary of Design Parameters for Developing Countries" derives design guidelines from the architectural constraints of chapter one.
Chapter three. "Housing Design for Developing Countries: New Architectural Roles, New Design Approaches & New Design Process" supplements the analysis of the first two chapters with a review of current architects' design responses to the rigid building parameters inherent in low-cost housing design for developing countries.
Chapter four, "A Case Study of the Dominican Republic: Country & Housing Characteristics" provides a frame of reference for the previous analysis with information concerning the country, the architectural influences and the housing data of the Dominican Republic. The Dominican Republic suffers from housing problems typical to most developing countries.
Chapter five. "Dominican Low-Cost Housing Seminar: Possible Low-Cost Housing Solutions for the Dominican Republic" concludes the thesis with a synthesis of the analysis and the case study. The synthesis is presented in terms of the diverse solutions to the housing shortage of the Dominican Republic reached by the participants of a low-cost housing seminar in the Dominican Republic. The seminar held in the winter of 1985 included foreign participants from both developed and developing countries in addition to the native Dominican participants. The design options described at the conclusion of chapter five are reflective of the current paths of low-cost housing development.Master of Architecture
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Ahmed, Khondkar Iftekhar. "A micro-level view of low-income rural housing in Bangladesh." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325502.
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Krishnaswamy, Vidya. "Minimum design standards strategies for specific urban locations with reference to India." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063105/.
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Dad, M. "The use of cement stabilised soil for low cost housing in developing countries." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355840.
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Franklin, Simon. "Essays on labour market frictions in developing countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f222bf6a-46de-4a8b-b942-fd1ff7b13670.
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This thesis is about imperfections in urban labour markets of three developing countries. I study how physical living conditions place constraints on labour force participation, and increase risks associated with unemployment. In Chapter One I test for the impact of high search costs on labour market outcomes of job seekers. I use a randomized trial of transport subsidies among youth living far away from the centre of the city in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Lowering transport costs increases the intensity of job search and leads to better employment outcomes. Weekly phone call data shows that treatment works to stop job search activity from declining over time. I show that the results are consistent with a dynamic model of job search with cash constraints and monetary search costs. Income from temporary work is used to smooth consumption and pay for the costs of search. I find that subsidies reduce participation in temporary work. Chapter Two looks at the links between poor housing conditions in slums and market labour supply. I test for the effect of free government housing in South Africa on households, using four waves of panel data and a natural experiment due to the allocation of new housing according to proximity from housing projects. I then use planned but cancelled projects to control for non-random selection of housing project sites. I find that government housing leads to large increases in household incomes from wage work, and increases in the labour supply of female household members. I argue that these results are due to reduced burdens of work in the home of improved housing, especially for women. In Chapter Three we look at how labour markets respond to large but temporary economic shocks caused by typhoons in the Philippines. We use quarterly aggregate, repeated-cross sectional and panel data to demonstrate robust evidence of downward wage flexibility. Lay-offs do not occur when storms hits, but hours per worker fall. We explain these results with a model of implicit contracts under which risk is shared between workers and firms through wage cuts, but workers are insured against lay-offs so that adjustments in labour demand occur through reductions in hours per worker. Our results are particularly strong for workers in long term contractual relationships in the private sector.
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Omar, A. A. "An evaluation of low income housing project in developing countries case study : Tripoli-Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14847/.
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During the last few decades most developing countries have experienced a rapid growth in population which has resulted in a rapid urbanisation in the form of an expansion of existing towns, coupled with an increasing dependence upon developed countries for implementation of new housing programmes. The purpose of this study is to point out the problems of public housing, to identify the relationships between the physical elements and conceptual perspectives of housing functions. To resolve the housing problems, the Libyan government introduced a new policy, which recognised housing as a basic human need and provision of housing as the governments' fundamental responsibility. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the public housing policy in Tripoli, the capital city of Libya. To achieve this aim both secondary and primary data were examined, and the required data was obtained through a questionnaire survey of households living in the three projects. Interviews were also conducted amongst government officials concerned with housing policy and implementation. This study is in general, concerned with the effects of the problems of the new social and physical environments on the residents' level of satisfaction with the housing projects. This study is mainly concerned with aspects of housing policy which might contribute to better housing satisfaction and which are responsive to changes in people's desires and preferences. After the evaluation process it is found that the Libyan housing policy has benefited large groups of people, particularly those on low-income. However, it also suggests that the adopted policy has not resolved the housing problems both in terms of quantity and quality. In particular, the dwellings provided have not met the needs of many Libyan families. Furthermore, the study found that there is a lack of housing management. This evident from some households living in the dwellings without permission in addition, the rate of sharing and occupancy shows that there is still a housing shortage. The study also shows that the dwelling and building construction types affect the resident attitudes to dwellings. Also shows that, most of the residents' prefer new dwellings.
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Narine, Dhanpaul. "Housing in developing countries : a study of policy and practice in Africa and Asia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261242.
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Ali, Zehra (Zehra Hyder). "Enabling energy efficiency for low-income housing in Developing countries using MIT Design Advisor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51652.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-107).
There is a great need to improve energy efficiency of low-income housing, since people who can afford it least have to pay a significant portion of their income to make their homes more habitable or else live with greater health and environmental risks. One of the main barriers to improving energy efficiency in low-income housing is the lack of awareness regarding design choices and their associated externalities. Thus to enable better design decision-making, MIT Design Advisor, a rapid and simple building energy simulation tool, has been adapted to make the costs of poor housing energy efficiency more obvious and the benefits through simple design improvements more understandable and comparable. Through the use of this tool decision makers would be provided with a platform to investigate different design concepts and prioritize energy efficiency improvements for low income housing without having to spend time and money in hiring experts or conducting a pilot study. Also, a framework to engage different stakeholders past the design process towards implementing these recommendations has also been presented.
by Zehra Ali.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Rasmussen-Costello, Susanne. "Evaluation of housing projects : methodological considerations based on selected case studies from developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77340.
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Morah, Erasmus Uchenna. "The implementation of public policy in developing countries : a case study of housing in Nigeria's new capital city at Abuja." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30741.
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This dissertation is concerned with the implementation process for housing in Nigeria's new capital at Abuja. It explores the inability of the Nigerian government to provide affordable housing for all income groups in the new capital as was originally planned. Based on nominal income, no resident in the city can afford to pay market rents for the housing provided, and less than 15 per cent of wage earners in the civil service (not to mention irregular wage earners in the informal sector) can afford the least expensive houses provided if they were unsubsidized.
The purpose of this study is both to elucidate factors contributing to policy performances and the imperfect correspondence between policy goals and outcomes in developing countries, and to raise basic policy issues pertaining to housing provision in the new capital. The main hypothesis tested is that of Van Meter and Van Horn (1975) who maintain that the outcome of public policy is ultimately determined by the disposition of implementing officials. While recognizing that the gap in the provision of housing in the new capital can be related to a host of factors including financial constraints in the face of apparently unlimited demand, the argument is developed that the disjunction is due primarily to the disposition of policy officials in Abuja, which has been to build a high-class, western-type administrative capital. Premised on this belief, the dissertation then argues that policy officials perceive medium- and high-cost housing to be more germane to the image of the new capital than low-cost dwellings affordable by the low-income population. Consequently, tastes and preferences in housing were in favor of the sophisticated western type of house design, material and layout, which meant that housing delivery strategies in the city were not based on the nature of the local demand and available resources.
To look for evidence in support of this hypothesis, the dissertation first determines the disposition of officials towards the Abuja project. The findings leave no doubt that Abuja was not to be just a western inspired alternative to the former capital of Lagos, but rather a visionary sort rescue from the latter's intractable problems. It then relates this disposition to the current housing situation in the city, through effects on the planning/implementation process. The conclusion to emerge is that the disposition of policy officials greatly influences implementation outcome regardless of planning intentions, and that the wider framework proposed by Van Meter and Van Horn (1975) is an effective way of focusing research on factors that impinge on policy performance. A related conclusion is that the essentially western model of implementation proposed by Van Meter and Van Horn applies with equal, if not more, validity to the developing world where past explanations for the problems of implementation have tended to focus on such variables as: (1) financial resources; (2) administrative and technical know-how; (3) imported theories and technologies; and (4) indigenous regime or political characteristics. However, the unique politico-administrative context of policy remains a crucial factor.
In light of the fact that the key to improved affordability is not sophistication, and that the goal of providing low-cost housing in the new capital would ultimately require non-western standards and styles of delivery, the chief pragmatic implication of the study is that a dispositional change to encourage a more "Nigerian" city is a precondition for a successful housing strategy in the new capital. This means discarding the current imported development practices in the city and replacing them with a more functional orientation based on the nature of the local demand for dwellings. A more "Nigerian" city is one in which the majority of housing and related services are accessible by the average citizen, whether in the civil service or not.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Kakkar, Gaurav. "Assessment of U.S. manufactured system built wooden homes as an affordable housing alternative for low income households in developing countries." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79670.
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Millions of people around the developing world struggle to obtain safe, decent and affordable housing. The United States of America has substantially improved the residential construction sector by engineering new materials and developing efficient systems in wood construction.
The goal of this research was to assess the potential of introducing system built wood construction system manufactured in the United States in urban social housing markets of developing countries. Peru, Ecuador and Colombia were three countries chosen for this study. Stakeholders in social housing in these three countries were interviewed to assess key aspects of traditional construction, current social housing deficits, perception of wood use in construction, and policies associated with social housing in selected markets. Findings indicate developing custom housing products for urban social housing programs can provide access to this untapped markets. Awareness about wood construction was very limited in the studied region. System built wood construction manufacturers in the U.S. were assessed to identify barriers and incentives for internationalization. Manufacturers in the U.S. also identify the need to expand their existing customer base. Findings of the survey conducted among the manufacturers identified various barriers to export. This research contributes to opening of new markets for exports of prefabricated wooden buildings in new geographical regions.Master of Science
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Bondinuba, Francis Kwesi. "The role of microfinance as an innovative strategy for low-income housing delivery in developing countries." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3306.
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One of the greatest challenges faced by post-independence Developing Countries (DCs) is an immerse backlog, shortages and unsatisfactory conditions of housing for the poverty-stricken and lowest socioeconomic groups of their population. Governments and their development partners have previously embarked on many ambitious housing programmes by engaging in mass delivery of urban housing in fulfilment of the vision of adequate housing for all as reflected in many international housing policy frameworks. However, over a million of the lowest socioeconomic groups in DCs are still living in housing poverty. This is as a result of rapid urbanisation outpacing the effectiveness of most housing policies. Moreover, rapid urbanisation has led to lack of employment and lack of access to low-income housing finance among low-income groups to meet their housing needs. To address such challenges requires alternatives and innovative financial mechanisms such as Housing microfinance (HMF). Moreover, despite many microfinance institutions (MFIs) operating worldwide, there are only a few that operate within the low-income housing market. There is also little evidence in the literature about the role and motivations of such institution's involvement in the provision of HMF to low-income groups, particularly in Ghana. This study investigated the role of microfinance as an innovative strategy and modelled the motivations behind MFIs intention to enter the low-income housing market. The primary aim of the study was to explore the role of microfinance as an innovative strategy and the motivation behind MFIs’ and individuals in low-income group’s’ intentions to supply or demand HMF in Ghana. The study adopts a mixed method research approach involving in-depth interviews with three Housing Microfinance Institutions and focus group discussions with 36 low-income groups in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions in Ghana. A total of 200 survey questionnaires were also distributed to MFIs of which 135 questionnaires were returned, and 125 were usable. The qualitative data was analysed using Nvivo Version 10. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22 and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) Version 3.0 Software were also used to analyse the quantitative data. A model of MFIs’ intention to enter the low-income housing market was subsequently developed and analysed. The results show that existing Housing Microfinance Institutions motivations are the social, economic and sustainability incentives for being in the low-income housing market. It further emerged that risks and appetite for profit are the strongest demotivating and motivating factors that can deter or attract new MFIs into the low-income housing market. The provision of construction and technical assistance as part of HMF packages will serve as a moderating factor between both demotivating and motivating factors. The barriers and constraints in the supply and demand for HMF include indigenous, industry capacity, credit and managerial, economic and finance issues, low-income and stringent HMF eligibility requirements. On the other hand, the risk factors identified were behavioural and relationship, economic and financial issues. Others are lack of institutional and regulatory framework, collateral and security issues, socio-cultural and construction risks. Furthermore, low-income groups are motivated to use HMF for new construction and land acquisition due to their desire for individual home ownership rather than renting. The model of intention shows that the motivating factors were more significant in predicting intention than the demotivating and moderating factors. However, together with their latent variables and factors, they explained 45% of MFIs intention to enter the low-income housing market in Ghana. The study, therefore, recommends the establishment of a national housing authority and a separate supportive and financially inclusive regulatory environment for HMF delivery. The development of any HMF programmes by the government, donor partners and MFIs should take into account the motivations behind the decisions of those in low-income groups to use HMF, rather than their effective demand for housing. Housing Microfinance Institutions should be more efficient, innovative, sustainable and viable by making their products simple, accessible and transparent. Furthermore, the future of the low-income housing market in DCs should be responsive to the 12-factor model of intention, and especially the demotivating factors vis-a-vis those from the low-income groups’ perspectives. The study provides stakeholders in the two sectors with a set of prioritised factors for making rational decisions concerning the supply and demand for HMF to low-income groups to meet their housing needs. The study demonstrates the role and usefulness of HMF and the motivations behind MFIs’ and low-income groups’ intentions to supply or demand HMF in Ghana. It has uncovered the barriers and risks associated with the provision or demand of HMF in a developing country context. Moreover, it has also re-contextualised the Push-Pull-Mooring model of human migration in a new context of demotivating-motivating-moderating factors. Hence, the study offers a foundation for other researchers to use as a follow-up for future research. Notwithstanding, further studies are required to investigate and establish the varying levels and segmentation needs of both markets.
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Pupa, Ayanda Terence. "The financed inked individual subsidy programme for housing: the Walmer link example." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4620.
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The study of the Walmer Links Finance Linked Individual Subsidy (FLISP) is the response to the housing backlogs that have been experienced by the Port Elizabeth area. The ownership programme is the first of its kind in the area and has been met with scepticism, revolt and acceptance as the neighbouring township of Walmer and the nearby suburbs had mixed feelings about the project. The overall feeling and experience of the new FLISP owners far exceeds the scepticism around the project. The project also brought racial integration and improved the quality of life for the poor. It also seems as though the success of the project will be the determinant factor of whether it can rolled out to other provinces as an approach to development and poverty alleviation.
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Magalhaes, Edmundo De Werna. "The changing role of small-scale builders in the production of low-cost housing in developing countries." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521515.
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Cuenco, Evangeline Kim L. "The role of mortgage finance vis-a-vis other programmatic interventions in low-income housing in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65444.
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Lang, Heracles C., and n/a. "The roles of intermediary agents in housing for the poor in Inonesia: three models of intervention." University of Canberra. Health, Design & Science, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061102.152324.
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This thesis addresses the issues faced by the urban poor in their efforts to gain housing in
developing countries. It argues that participation in housing is a matter of governance, in
which the Public, Private and Popular sectors interact, and Intermediary Agents (IA) are
necessary to act as catalysts in this interaction.
In Indonesia there are two major problems related to housing the urban poor. The first
problem concerns the quantity of housing. The second problem concerns the quality of
housing, infrastructure and the environment. The government usually addresses these
problems through a project-based, sectoral approach that lacks community engagement and
accountability. Intermediary Agents have assisted many of these housing projects. However,
little research has been undertaken on their role in these housing projects, as well as in the
informal housing process.
This thesis examines the role of IAs in the housing process of four different
communities: one community in a government-sponsored project and three communities in
informal settlements. The findings showed that the IAs, in engaging with the four different
communities, played different roles and have different values.
The involvement of IAs in the housing process elucidates a fundamental issue. On one
hand, the IAs offer a mechanism to assist communities in providing and improving access to
housing, infrastructure and services. However, there are limitations to their role: they have not
the capacity to improve security of land tenure for the residents, which is essential for
sustainable housing development. Where there has been some recognition of residents' rights
to occupy the land, there have been substantial gains in community engagement in investing
and improving their living environment.
The thesis demonstrates the importance of community participation and acknowledges
stakeholder engagement and community empowerment are crucial, roles that are often
dependent on the involvement of IAs. It also extended the research on movement and
development IAs demonstrating that both functions are complementary and important in
housing delivery and that there are five roles that these IAs could play depending on the
housing situation.
The thesis offers new approaches to housing delivery and policy in Indonesia by
involving urban poor communities, as the beneficiaries of housing for the poor programs. The
qualitative method of the research has not been able to provide a generalised conclusion, but
the lessons learned are important not only for providing housing for the urban poor in
Indonesia but also possibly to addressing housing problems in other Asian countries. This
thesis addresses four areas of intervention in transposing skills for a more democratic
approach in housing the poor. Within these areas the research proposes new models of
engagement for relevant stakeholders in public, popular and private sectors involving
Intermediary Agents. These models are underpinned by a set of basic principles to guide IA
engagement. Lastly the thesis proposes three models for IAs involvements in the housing
process.
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Mahmoudkalayeh, Ehsan. "Migrants, mobility and urban low-income housing in developing countries : a case study of squatter settlement in Tehran - Iran." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281946.
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Chisanga, Benson. "The sites and services housing strategy in relation to the land question in the developing countries : the case of Zambia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25862.
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This thesis examines the problems and issues associated with urban housing land in the context of Sites and Sevices housing as a strategy for providing improved housing services to the urban poor in the developing countries. It addresses the inadequacies of the existing patterns of housing land tenure and methods of supplying land. Some ideas are developed on the alternative tenure arrangements and strategies for providing housing land. The ideas are based on the supposition that the potential benefits of Sites and Services housing would never be fully realized unless new forms of land tenure and strategies for providing housing land are initiated.
The methods employed in this study are based upon a literature review technique with emphasis on theoretical and content analysis. Zambia is taken as a specific case study of the housing land problem in a comparative perspective with the other three member states of the Commonwealth group of nations. The analytical framework adopted is designed to explore the impact of the existing land tenure systems and land supply methods for low income housing. The principal theme centres on the long-term equity and efficiency implications for the use of urban housing land.
This study has shown that the concept of Sites and Services housing is a positive strategy for redressing the housing problems of low-income households in comparison with the available alternatives such as the conventional public low cost housing. However, the shortcomings are substantive and have substantial long-term implications. The main conclusions which may be drawn from the review and analysis of the case studies are that the private freehold and leasehold land tenure systems are not appropriate for solving the housing problems of the urban poor. Similarly, 'reactive planning' or a 'disjointed incremental' approach to housing land provision is not cost effective and responsive to the high demand for low income housing. The shortcoming of the tenure systems is the tendency to promote commodity relations in land and housing, giving rise to speculation. The urban poor do not fare well under these market conditions because they tend to lose access to land and housing services in the long run. Moreover, the method of providing land does not guarantee the availability of adequate and affordable housing land in good locations.
The challenge, therefore, is how to remove housing land from the speculative market and to ensure access to the urban poor. Against this background, the concepts of 'Communal Land Trust' and 'Land Bank' advanced in this study if adopted could make Sites and Services housing a meaningful strategy for housing low-income households in Zambia and other countries with similar housing problems.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Kaare, Suma Clara Mwakitwange, and n/a. "Public policy performance in developing countries: urban housing policy with special reference to the national sites and services and squatter upgrading in Tzania." University of Canberra. Business and Government, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050418.161019.
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This study contributes to the developing countries' public policy discourse by linking
outcomes of the past and present urban housing policies in Tanzania to both the
organisational structures and work methods of the state and to environmental factors.
By tracing the historical development of urban housing policy formulation and
implementation in Tanzania, the study provides a comprehensive and systematic
analysis of the factors responsible for the poor performance of urban housing policies
in Tanzania.
The study is also important because it locates the policy development within the
general literature of urbanisation and housing in the developing countries and within
theoretical debates relating to policy explanation in these countries. The study
documents a detailed case study of a specific project (the National Sites and Services
and Squatter Upgrading Project - NSSP) aimed at addressing urban housing problems
in Tanzania and uses this to identify a range of politico-administrative issues which
affect policy formulation and implementation in Tanzania. In pursuing this task the
study adds to the understanding of the factors affecting policy performance in
developing countries experiencing constraints and contextual variables similar to those
of Tanzania.
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Dewita, Yulia. "The Impact of the Compact City on Housing Affordability in the Indonesian Metropolis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381681.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between compact urban form and housing affordability. Sustainability is a key planning and development objective in the urban sector. In spite of the multifaceted relationships between urban form and sustainable development, the compact city is widely accepted as a form suitable for pursuing the goals of sustainability. One perceived undesirable impact of a compact city is its negative effect on housing affordability. Research on the influence of urban compaction on housing affordability has been undertaken for decades, yet empirical evidence has been rarely found in developing countries, including in Indonesia. While adopting a compact city concept in the nation‘s urban development policy and strategies, Indonesia faces problems of housing shortages, particularly for low-income groups. Thus, research on the relationship between compact urban form and housing affordability in Indonesia, including its policy implications, is essential.
This thesis involves, i) a qualitative exploration of the compact city in Indonesia in order to understand existing conceptions and their application in urban development policies; ii) a quantitative examination using a case study approach to investigate the relationship between compact urban form and housing affordability in Indonesia. Three metropolitan areas in Indonesia, namely Bandung (BMA), Jakarta (JMA) and Medan (MMA), are used as case studies. The relationship between urban compaction and level of affordability are examined at metropolitan level using the three metropolises, and at neighbourhood level using the Bandung metropolitan area as a case study. Both qualitative and quantitative research designs are adopted in this thesis to provide further insight into the concepts of compact city planning, including its influence on housing affordability and implications for policy.
This research has led to five published or submitted peer-review papers that flow from an integrated set of research methods. A qualitative method is used to seek understandings about the adoption of the compact city concept in Indonesia, as presented in Chapter 4. Stakeholders from governments (national, provincial and local level), academics, developers and urban residents were interviewed, and policy documents were collected for analysis. The research found that, at all levels of government, Indonesian policy makers view urban compaction as an important urban planning approach to curb urban sprawl, and to anticipate a combination of urban land depletion and the rapid growth of the urban population. A mix of uses, vertical housing and transit oriented development is perceived as the key feature for this concept, although within the urban population, a cultural impediment to high-rise living still exists. In Indonesia, specific, clear leadership in guiding the application of compact city policy at all levels, as well as the importance of the role of policy advocates, is vital in order to advance urban compaction policy as part of a national urban planning and development agenda. The findings of this research can aid in the development and evaluation of compact city policy in Indonesia, and shed new light on how Western planning movements are adopted in the context of a developing country.
The link between urban compaction and housing affordability is examined using a quantitative approach. A transport cost component was incorporated into the measure of housing affordability to address the differences in the geographical locations of houses. A combination of housing and transport affordability at neighbourhood and metropolitan level was measured. The neighbourhood level analysis was conducted with data being gathered via household surveys in nine residential sites in the BMA. The results are presented in Chapters 5 and 6. Metropolitan scale analysis used secondary data from Indonesia‘s Central Statistics Bureau (BPS), the 2014 National Social-economic Survey (SUSENAS), for 22 municipalities in the JMA, the BMA, and the MMA (Chapters 7 and 8). The results show that transport costs influenced overall housing affordability, and in some cases, households are making a trade-off between their housing and transport costs. In terms of urban compactness, it is shown that collecting adequate, comparable data for the three metropolises across a total of 22 municipalities is challenging. Statistical information from various sources was collected to examine the urban compactness in terms of density, mix of uses, and intensity in the JMA, the BMA, and the MMA. Descriptive analysis was applied to explain the compactness of these metropolises. Regression analysis was then employed to examine the association between urban compaction and combined housing and affordability. The results in Chapter 8 show that, generally, compact urban form has the potential to promote housing and transport affordability by supporting higher density housing development and better accessibility to main daily travel destinations, such as jobs and schools. This thesis contributes to the growing literature on compact city and housing and transport affordability. The research also has implications for policy in the urban, housing and transport sectors in Indonesia, in terms of type of housing that may overcome combined transport and housing affordability, which is useful for a range of stakeholders, including urban planners, policy makers, and social science researchers across different disciplines.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Science
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Awe, Temitope Abidemi. "The prospect of providing low-income medium density housing in developing countries : problems and opportunities with special reference to Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5603.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliography.It is thus proposed in this thesis that low-income medium-density developments, located appropriately in inner city areas to kick-start settlements that are integrated, compact and promote mixed land uses, as well as aspiring towards sustainable urban development, are needed in the cities of developing countries. A typical example of such a housing development is Springfield Terrace Woodstock, Cape Town. This pilot project, demonstrating how the provision oflow-income medium-density housing (in the fonn of three- to four-storey walk-up blocks of flats) can be provided in central Cape Town and how these benefit from the existing bulk infrastructure. It further demonstrates how this housing type could be located and utilised to encourage a shift away from low-density to medium-density housing, particularly with regard to lowincome earners.
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Sarfoh, Kwadwo Ohene. "Lost in translation - the nexus of multi-layered housing policy gaps : the case of Ghana." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1697.
Full textAbstract:
Paradigms of housing policies in developing countries have undergone significant changes since the 1940s in the post-colonial era. The involvement of international development agencies such as the World Bank and the United Nations with their substantial financial and technical resources have engendered a conventional narrative of the hegemony of paradigms sponsored by these agencies. It is in this light that the “enabling principles” of housing policy emerged as the dominant policy discourse from the 1980s. This housing paradigm -“enabling shelter policies” –was actively promoted by the World Bank and the United Nations, acting through its housing agency the UN-Habitat, for adoption by developing countries to reform their housing sectors from the 1980s. One of the main instruments of the enabling principles was the withdrawal or contraction of the state from direct housing development in preference for private sector-led and community initiatives in housing development. Government involvement in direct development of housing was conceived to be an ineffective policy choice which had little geographic impact and therefore had to give way to a systematised approach to housing delivery. Ghana was one of the first African countries to adopt these principles for the reform of the housing sector in the country. Two decades later, it has been observed that the government was making housing policy choices that contradicted the ethos of the enabling principles. In particular it was observed that the state was re-engaging in direct housing development. In the light of the past conception of these activities as being defective policies, their re-emergence was characteristic of policy “reversionism”. This concept of policy reversionism is adopted from theories of theology and criminal justice (where it is known as recidivism) in which processes of reform or progression are reversed. The question explored by the thesis is why housing policy reversionism was emerging and what were the generating factors. The thesis draws on a critical realist perspective to deconstruct the conventional narratives about the homogenous state and the hegemony of international agencies such as the World Bank and the UN in the advancement of “unproblematic” enabling principles through which the housing sector reforms were designed and implemented. In doing so the thesis established the heterogeneity of the state driven by competition for domination by sectoral, intra-state as well as supra-state interests. In this process, hegemony becomes vulnerable to manipulation as these principles were translated or “indigenised”. Furthermore it is established that this nuanced perspective is further complicated by a dialectical relationship between the contexts of events and prevailing material conditions and the actions taken by policy agents. These complexities layered the housing policy sphere in ways that masked the primary motivations of class interests and political legitimisation underpinning the incidence of reversionism.
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Songelwa, Thuthuka Siphumezile. "An evaluation of government housing projects against the breaking new ground principles in Wells estate in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14378.
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Despite the array of polices adopted to address the housing issue in South Africa in the post ’94’ dispensation, South Africa in 2015 remains riddled with the same housing challenges as at 1994 even despite the significant improvements that have been achieved. Subsidised housing projects completed between 1994 and 2004 are characterised by poor design, poor quality, late delivery, poor location, and spatial marginalisation. To address these shortfalls, the Department of Human Settlements adopted the Breaking New Ground (BNG) principles in 2004 and the housing code of 2009 to mitigate shortfalls in the provision of low cost housing and thereby creating sustainable human settlements. It was in such context that this study sought to assess whether the BNG and housing code of 2009 was implemented in the building of the low-cost houses of the Wells Estate Human Settlement in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), constructed post-2004. An exploratory study using both the quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was used to conduct the study. A questionnaire with open and closed questions was used to collect data. To complement the use of the questionnaire, transect walks were also undertaken. The findings of the study were that; firstly: The majority of the beneficiaries belonged to the productive age that is between 18 and 60; Wells Estate depicts a pre ‘94 spatial planning given its peripheral location there by affecting cost to work and job searching; The quality of houses complied with the tenets of the BNG and housing code of 2009; Access to services and facilities like police station, community halls, clinics, and schools remained a challenge because their availability is determined by the population size and utilisation rate, and Access to socio economic opportunities was still a challenge. The beneficiaries of Wells Estate even in the case for businesses owned this; these were for subsistence only such as street vending, shoe repairing, and painting. Given the above findings, the study recommends that: There is need to focus on human capital development through skill development to the productive age group which is unemployed. With skills, the unemployed have an opportunity to look for employment thereby improving their livelihoods; The provision of housing alone cannot alleviate the socio-economic challenges affecting the poor, however there is a need for a multi-pronged approach to address other socioeconomic determinants such as access to employment and education, and There is need to for a collaboration approach between the NMBM and other government departments for instance with the Department of Basic Education for scholar transport.
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Sia, Dian Mariska [Verfasser], Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Zimmermann, Thomas [Gutachter] Lützkendorf, and Josef [Gutachter] Zimmermann. "Sustainable Development Criteria of Real Estate Projects in Developing Countries from The Perspective of the Indonesian Housing Industry / Dian Mariska Sia ; Gutachter: Thomas Lützkendorf, Josef Zimmermann ; Betreuer: Josef Zimmermann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150399171/34.
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Beyene, Atakilte. "Soil conservation, land use and property rights in northern Ethiopia : understanding environmental change in smallholder farming systems /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a395-ab.html.
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Cronin, Victoria Louise Molly. "Slum upgrading in India and Kenya : investigating the sustainability." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242378.
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Slums are informal housing settlements commonly found in urban areas of developing countries which are characterised by poor shelter, low service provision and lacking in security of tenure. Slums are growing and new slums are forming. The international development community has been actively working to improve the living conditions of slum-dwellers and to reduce poverty via slum upgrading methods. There are various slum upgrading delivery models and approaches to tackle the urbanisation of poverty in developing countries. Many adaptive and proactive measures have been implemented through a variety of slum upgrading initiatives and partnerships; however there has been limited investigation of the longer term sustainability of such interventions. This research follows a qualitative methodology to investigate the sustainability of differing slum upgrading interventions. Four case studies have been examined; two in Kenya and two in India, demonstrating a range of physical upgrading approaches. Alternative slum upgrading delivery models have been selected covering housing rehabilitation and in-situ water and sanitation upgrading and demonstrating top-down and bottom-up approaches. The case studies are of varying ages and were implemented via partnerships with differing agents including government, NGO, CBO, private developer and donors. The influence and design of the delivery model upon the upgrading sustainability has been assessed via stakeholder perception during extensive fieldwork. The data gathered has been analysed according to four key themes; status of life for slum-dwellers today, perception of upgrading success, institutional reform from external factors and development aspirations. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with slum-dwellers and project stakeholders using a ground-level methodology that enabled the capture of personal and honest accounts. Analysis of the data has found that there are many misconceptions around slums which can affect the sustainability of measures to upgrade informal settlements. The way that international development organisations and westerners view slums is often very particular and not always resonant with the way that slum-dwellers view their living situation. Priorities for development are not always consistent across stakeholders. For sustainability, any slum upgrading activity must be sensitive to the situation of an individual community and culture, and not assume that the residents are unhappy living in desperate poverty, as it has been shown, many choose to reside in a slum. Slums may be dirty, poorly serviced and overcrowded but are also places of great human energy, community spirit, kindness, hard-working, creative and happy places that many consider home.
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SOSA-GRIFFIN, MILENA. "Aspects technico-economiques des agglomerats de fibres de bagasse." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066544.
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Daigle, Bryce Callaghan. "Earthbag Housing: Structural Behaviour and Applicability in Developing Countries." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1421.
Full textAbstract:
Global awareness of environmental issues such as climate change and resource depletion has grown dramatically in recent years. As a result, there has been a surge of interest in developing alternative building techniques and materials which are capable of meeting our structural needs with lower energy and material consumption. These technologies are particularly attractive for housing. Much of the global demand for housing is currently being driven by economic growth in developing countries. Additionally, natural disasters such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami have destroyed houses in many countries where limited economic wealth makes reconstruction a challenge. This has resulted in shortages of permanent housing in these areas.
This thesis explores the structural behaviour of earthbag housing under vertical compressive loading, in an attempt to broaden our quantitative understanding of this alternative building technique. Furthermore, this technique is assessed, along with other alternative construction techniques, for suitability in southern Sri Lanka, an area heavily damaged by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
It was determined that the compressive strength of unplastered earthbag housing specimens meets or exceeds the vertical compressive strength of conventional stud-frame housing technology using a variety of fill materials, with the greatest strength being observed for soil-filled bags.
Furthermore, the results of observational research from a site visit to Sri Lanka in 2006, combined with resource availability data and interviews with Sri Lankan citizens, suggest that earthbag housing is a very promising technique for housing construction in the southern coastal region.Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-10 16:29:45.005
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Shirazawa, Guilherme de França. "Housing Quality and Human Capital Availability in Developing Countries." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94420.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de EconomiaO objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre a qualidade da habitação e a disponibilidade de capital humano no contexto dos países em desenvolvimento. A análise tenta preencher uma lacuna na literatura atual referente à falta de estudos empíricos que abordem o impacto que as condições de moradia podem ter sobre o capital humano, adquirido no sistema de ensino, de um indivíduo. A análise foi realizada utilizando dados cross section, maioritariamente adquiridos da base de dados da UNESCO para 52 países de baixa e média renda, seguindo a classificação geral de renda da metodologia Atlas do Banco Mundial, em que estimamos um conjunto de regressões por meio de OLS com a variável de interesse sendo a proporção da população que vive em habitações abaixo do padrão mínimo de qualidade e a variável dependente os anos médios de escolaridade da população. Os resultados obtidos nas regressões indicaram uma relação positiva entre um aumento na proporção da população que vive em habitações de qualidade abaixo do padrão e anos médios de escolaridade, mas com pouca ou nenhuma significância estatística, tornando a análise empírica inconclusiva. A fiabilidade dos dados relativos à qualidade da habitação fornecidos pela UNESCO pode estar na origem dos resultados inconclusivos anteriores, apontando para a necessidade de investir mais recursos na recolha de dados e na produção de indicadores. Este investimento pode ter um papel relevante em futuras pesquisas que possam preencher a presente lacuna na literatura e para a definição de políticas públicas.
The main objective of this work is to analyse the relationship between the quality of housing and the availability of human capital in the context of developing countries. The analysis attempts to fill a gap in the current literature regarding the lack of empirical studies that address the impact that living conditions can have on human capital, acquired in an individual's education system. The analysis was performed using cross-sectional data, mostly taken from the UNESCO database for 52 low and middle-income countries, following the general income classification from the World Bank Atlas Methodology, in which we estimated a set of regressions by OLS with the variable of interest is the proportion of the population living in houses below the minimum standard of quality and the dependent variable, the average years of schooling of the population. The obtained results from the regressions indicated a positive relationship between an increase in the proportion of the population living in substandard housing and average years of schooling, but with little or no statistical significance, making the empirical analysis inconclusive. The reliability of the housing quality data provided by UNESCO may be the source of the previous inconclusive results, pointing to the need to invest more resources in the gathering of data and the production of indicators. This investment may have a relevant role in future research for addressing the gap in the literature and for the definition of public policies.
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Reyes, Joji I. "Decentralization and the design of low-income housing strategies in developing countries." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9633.
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Khumalo, Patience Nosipho. "An assessment of the housing strategy during the post-apartheid era : the case of Waterloo in Durban." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10369.
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This research attempted to assess the housing strategy at Waterloo as well as the
services such as electricity, sanitation, water, transport, adequate shelter and
employment opportunities that are available for residents. The information was
gathered through interviews and the use of questionnaires.
There were some problems encountered during the gathering of information. The
questionnaires were completed by the household head and in some cases the head
was not available, making it difficult for the researcher to continue smoothly, in
such cases extra visits were made. In some cases the household head was unable to
read, so the researcher had to read the questionnaire for him/her and then write
down an answer. Another problem worth noting was that of acceptance of a
researcher by the respondents, but the researcher was able to finally convince them
and assured them of confidentiality of the information.
There were lots of problems raised by beneficiaries of Waterloo about the services
rendered to them. Most of them are not satisfied with the type of houses built for
them, they are small, some have leakages and no ventilators. Beneficiaries also
complained about the basic services which are not available for them. The other
services needed at Waterloo are health clinics, schools and transport. People have to
travel long distances for other services and traveling to those places is very costly.
It is recommended that Government looks at the problems raised by the
beneficiaries and improve on them. It would also help them when they are building
in other areas not to make the same mistake again.
From this study it shows that the strategy in Waterloo partially meets the
requirements of the beneficiaries and with the recommendations given, Waterloo
will be a better place to live in .Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2003.
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Murru, Barbara. "Implementation of green measures for sustainable low-income housing in developing countries : guidelines for the design of new settlements in the South African context." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11274.
Full textAbstract:
In South Africa, about 15,3% of the households were living in 2011 in formal
state-subsidised low-income houses (houses for households with income lower than
R 3500 - about $ 350 - per month), whereas 12,1% were living in informal dwellings.
The sustainable development of low-income housing is therefore one of the main
challenges for developing countries addressing the green Agenda as South Africa,
especially considering the quality of life of inhabitants and the complex socioeconomic
implications. Furthermore, the energy consumption patterns of low income
households have emerged as one of the most important factors influencing the
national electricity demand, as marked by the National Housing Code of 2009.
The complex social and environmental issues related to the living conditions of
low-income communities need to be addressed with an integrated approach to the
design of the settlements. Rethinking and greening the low-income housing design
principles firstly represent an opportunity to strive social inequity and improve the
quality of life of households.
The rationale of this study is to investigate how a strategic bottom-up
approach and multi-scale low-cost green measures, implemented in the design
process of South African low-cost housing, can potentially achieve environmental
and social sustainability targets with affordable solutions.
The dissertation analysed a representative case study of a low-cost housing
development in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The research adopted a bottom-up
approach combining participatory methods through a survey and interviews with the
local community, and a scenario analysis investigating design alternatives and multiscale
green strategies (i.e. alternative building typologies, densification, passive
design strategies). The proposed scenario evaluated the potential benefits of the
green implementation, through qualitative and quantitative assessments based on
sustainability indicators as environmental and energy impacts, social implications,
safety and cost effectiveness, supported also by experimental methods using
dynamic building energy modelling.
The study promoted an integrated and holistic research and design approach
to foster the sustainability in low-cost housing development. The outcome of this
integrated bottom-up approach defined a framework of good criteria and methods for the design process, which can be intended as a guideline to effectively
implement green measures and reach sustainability targets for low-cost settlements.Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2014.
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Lourens, Karin. "The impact of 100kWh free electricity on meeting the energy needs of poor urban households." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25112.
Full textAbstract:
Energy poverty is a major obstacle to human development. Energy services supply the benefits that “trigger” wider social and economic changes and create the conditions for improving social equality and economic growth. The South African government has scaled up electricity access to its poor population to such an extent that 85% of the country’s population had access to electricity in 2017. Nevertheless, access to electricity is not the same as the ability to use it, as the poor find the price of electricity unaffordable. The government therefore embarked on a programme to provide households’ that they consider
‘indigent’ or ‘poor’ 50kWh of free energy. This is criticized by many as not being enough to sufficiently satisfy household energy needs. Even the generous supply of 100kWh electricity provided by the City of Tshwane and the City of Johannesburg municipalities is considered
to be insufficient. This study investigates the impact of the 100kWh free basic electricity subsidy on the energy use of the urban poor in the township of Soshanguve in the City of Tshwane municipality. It focuses on whether the 100kWh is enough to meet these household’s’ energy needs. The finding of the study is that the 100kWh FBE is enough to meet these households’ needs for lighting, some cooking and appliance use, but not for space and water heating.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)