Academic literature on the topic 'Housing literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Housing literature"
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Milwicz, Roman, and Jerzy Pasławski. "Adaptability in buildings – housing context – literature review." MATEC Web of Conferences 222 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822201011.
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Dynamic development of technology that influences social lifestyles has great impact over the way of understanding the house and thus the way of designing this special space. The buildings have to fulfill the sustainability conditions and a lot has been done to decrease impact of building on environment. Among many ways one is the flexibility, which strongly influences economical, social and environmental aspects. Authors tried to collect most significant papers and monographs that treat the flexibility and adaptability and thus show its importance in civil engineering especially in housing sector. In the conclusions Authors shears the ideas of investigations within housing adaptability filed.
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Johnston, Stephen J. "Housing for the Elderly: A Diverse Literature." Journal of Planning Education and Research 4, no. 3 (April 1985): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x8500400309.
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Freire, Roberta de Miranda Henriques, and Nivaldo Carneiro Junior. "Scientific production on housing for autonomous elderly persons: an integrative literature review." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 20, no. 5 (October 2017): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.170065.
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Abstract Objective: To analyze Brazilian scientific production on housing for autonomous elderly persons. Method: A descriptive, analytical integrative review type study was carried out. The following guiding question was defined: what is the Brazilian scientific production relating to housing for autonomous elderly persons in indexed on-line periodicals from 2000 to 2015? Results: Thirty-three articles were identified in total, of which only 13 met the inclusion criterion. Using the Content Analysis technique, the following categories were formed: Modalities of housing for the elderly; Public housing policies for the elderly and Housing and quality of life. Conclusion: Most of the studies discussed types of housing for the elderly, falling into the category "Modalities of housing for the elderly", and identifying a tendency towards one-person dwellings. In relation to the category "Public housing policies for the elderly", the articles reflected on the rights and the guarantees of the elderly in relation to a suitable home. The "Housing and quality of life" category aimed to compare the quality of life of elderly people living alone or with a partner, as well as their perception of exclusive condominium developments for this population. There is a need for research on the issue in question, since there is an increase in the number of elderly people without housing, making it necessary for the state to meet this demand.
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Elsinga, Marja, Joris Hoekstra, Mohamad Sedighi, and Behnam Taebi. "Toward Sustainable and Inclusive Housing: Underpinning Housing Policy as Design for Values." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051920.
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A perusal of the literature on housing debates reveals that the term ‘value’ is mostly applied to express the financial value of a house and is dealt with in economic literature. However, an alternative meaning of the word ‘value’ in the housing literature can be found in research into the values underlying housing preferences, applying research methods from the marketing literature. The explicit combination of moral values and housing policy and design is found neither in the academic housing nor in the philosophical literature. However, diving deeper into the housing debate reveals that there are a host of moral values already present throughout this debate that are often not explicitly articulated and explicated, such as inclusiveness, sustainability, autonomy, and security. The aim of this paper is to address the role of values in housing policy and design. By doing so, we apply the Design for Values approach (DfV). We argue that the DfV approach can help to make implicit moral values more explicit, which can improve the housing debate, housing policy-making, and housing design. The paper first explores which values are relevant for housing policy and design and operationalizes those values. Next, the paper describes key debates in housing such as: What is “adequate housing” in times of rapid urbanization and increasing house prices? We argue that by exploring the underlying values of these debates, stakeholders can create a better understanding of the current (lack of) fundamental discussions on housing issues
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O'Neill, Daniel, and Samantha Organ. "A literature review of the evolution of British prefabricated low-rise housing." Structural Survey 34, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-08-2015-0037.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore academic papers and reports and present a chronology of the evolution of British low-rise prefabricated housing. The paper provides chronological information for construction and surveying researchers undertaking research in associated areas. Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative literature review, providing an exploration and analysis of academic papers and reports on low-rise prefabricated housing. Findings – A substantial literature was discovered. However, there are gaps in the available literature. The history of British construction technology is a rich research area but is under-researched. Prefabricated housing has a long history dating back to the eleventh century. Stigmatised from the failures of housing in the twentieth century, it is being increasingly used again in the twenty-first century when considering mass housing supply. Research limitations/implications – This paper provides researchers with an overview of the history of low-rise prefabricated housing in Britain. It is not a comprehensive in-depth study; such would require numerous larger individual studies. Originality/value – From reviewing literature it was evident that there was a broad literature, but there was no single journal publication exploring the evolution of British low-rise prefabricated housing. The research provides an overview, exploration and analysis of the literature while providing a chronology. The evolution of prefabricated housing is chronologically presented. Areas for further research are also recommended.
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Bello, Musa Zango, Mohammed Lekan Sanni, and Jibrin Katun Mohammed. "Conventional Methods in Housing Market Analysis: A Review of Literature." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2020-0016.
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Abstract Housing market analysis has witnessed considerable changes in recent decades, especially as a result of the complexity of human settlements and the dynamics of property market analytical techniques. This paper reviews various techniques/methods adopted by researchers and housing experts in analysing the housing market in recent times. The present study is a literature review and, therefore, essentially relies on published data sourced from academic journals, conference papers, thesis, and other secondary sources. The paper highlights the methods considered appropriate and relevant for different property market scenarios, especially in developing countries. The paper, therefore, recommends what it regards as the most appropriate basis for a housing market analysis and research in developing countries against the backdrop of the dynamics of the property market.
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Leung, Charles. "Macroeconomics and housing: a review of the literature." Journal of Housing Economics 13, no. 4 (December 2004): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2004.09.002.
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Kaklauskas, Arturas, Natalija Lepkova, Saulius Raslanas, Ingrida Vetloviene, Virgis Milevicius, and Jevgenij Sepliakov. "COVID-19 and Green Housing: A Review of Relevant Literature." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082072.
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This review presents an analysis of three hypotheses. The articles provide a specific perspective on green housing before, during, and post COVID-19. The validations of these hypotheses were performed by analyzing the scientific literature worldwide and by adding a statistical analysis of appropriate articles from the Scopus database. The purpose of this review is to overview the research written on housing developments during the upsurge of COVID-19 along with the responses from the green building sector, because this field appears to be rapidly emerging by the sheer volume of research studies currently undertaken. Foremost peer-reviewed journals covering construction, urban studies, real estate, energy, civil engineering, buildings, indoor air, management, economics, business, environmental studies, and environmental sciences that were published last year were selected for review. The review was conducted by applying a combination of various keywords and the criteria for paper selection, including sustainable building, green construction, green building, resource-efficient, a building’s lifecycle, COVID-19, energy, water, consumption, health effects, comfort, occupant behaviors, policy, economy, Industry 5.0, energy-efficient retrofitting, and profit. Two, innovative elements in this study stand out when comparing it with the most advanced research on green housing before, during, and after COVID-19. The first innovation relates to the integrated analyses of COVID-19 pandemic, housing policies of countries and cities pertinent to COVID-19 that impact green housing and the wellbeing of their residents as well as the impact made by residents and a housing policy on the dispersion of COVID-19. This research additionally establishes that a green building analysis is markedly more effective when the analysis comprehensively covers the life process of a green building, the participating interest groups that have their own goals they wish to implement, the COVID-19 situation, and the external micro- and macro-level environments as a singular entity.
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Doling, J. "The Privatisation of Social Housing in European Welfare States." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 2 (June 1994): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120243.
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The literature about the consequences for welfare states of the economic developments of the last twenty-five years has tended to emphasise country differences. In contrast, interpretations of developments in social housing focus much more on similarities, with privatisation often being viewed as the common policy response. The author uses longitudinal data for thirteen countries to examine whether social housing is actually different in this respect. The analysis shows that, whereas in some countries there has been a reduction in social housing's share of total housing production, in other countries there has been an increase. These international differences are not explained by different demographic and economic developments. The author offers alternative explanations.
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KÜRÜM VAROLGÜNEŞ, Fatma. "SUCCESS FACTORS FOR POST-DISASTER PERMANENT HOUSING: EXAMPLE OF TURKISH EARTHQUAKES." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11001100/007.
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Investigating the social, economic and physical characteristics of settlements created after the disaster will raise awareness about reconstruction. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to determine long-term satisfaction indicators for permanent housing use in resettlement areas. The data obtained are reduced and grouped with hierarchy and affinity diagrams. Qualitative data obtained from the literature were analyzed on nine settlements previously exposed to earthquakes in Turkey by model pairing and content analysis techniques. With this research, determining the indicators that affect long-term satisfaction (such as 50 years) will contribute to new research. As a result, it has been determined that the identity, lifestyle and employment opportunities of the victims are not taken into account in housing construction in Turkey in post-earthquake reconstruction. It was observed that most of the disaster housings built in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020 in Turkey do not carry the traces of the local texture. When the results of the study are examined, the importance of an approach that integrates environmental functions and socio-economic structure is seen in the creation of new residential areas. This holistic approach will ensure that community-based indicators are also included in the production of permanent housing. This study offers an important contribution in terms of determination of indicators influencing long-term satisfaction in resettlement programs by drawing attention to physical, social, cultural and economic factors in terms of permanent housings built after earthquakes in Turkey.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Housing literature"
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Derdiger, Paula. ""How shall we build?": fiction and housing in postwar Britain." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117110.
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This dissertation charts the construction and dismantling of the British Welfare State, through novels, films, and architecture, with a focus on one of the defining issues of the period: housing. In 1942, the Beveridge Report designated housing a basic right for all citizens. After four million homes were destroyed during World War II, the reconstruction of houses and towns was an urgent task for the nation. In the Welfare State, housing became the measure of success for socialist interventions. Drawing upon literary studies, film studies, and architectural history, this dissertation traces four aspects of postwar housing – architecture, town planning, country house preservation, and government housing policy – in both fictional and non-fictional discourses. Realist representations, whether in novels or films, offer more than thematic representations of history; they actively contribute to its construction as much as town plans, architectural models, builders, and government policies. The two-way transmission between fiction and housing can be conceptualized spatially through a shifting relationship between the horizontal and the vertical. Bombs leveled buildings during the war; architecture and government policies aimed to level class and other social distinctions after the war. In fiction, horizontality and verticality emerge through both narrative tropes and formal techniques that critique the central social problems of the postwar period. Chapter 1 of this dissertation, "Boardinghouses," assesses the stakes of wartime and immediate postwar reconstruction through attention to the relationship between the individual and community in public debates, town plans, and two novels set in wartime boardinghouses: Patrick Hamilton's The Slaves of Solitude (1947) and Muriel Spark's The Girls of Slender Means (1963). Chapter 2, "Country Houses," examines the role of fiction in the transformation of postwar country house culture, with a specific focus on the phenomenon of the country house-museum and the tension between lived and narrated experience. Angel (1957), by Elizabeth Taylor, and The Little Girls (1964), by Elizabeth Bowen are critical iterations of the country house novel genre. Chapter 3, "Modern Living," considers the expression of mobility, verticality, and modernity in the fiction of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Sam Selvon's novel, The Lonely Londoners (1956), Colin MacInnes's novel, Absolute Beginners (1957), and Joseph Losey's film, The Servant (1963), revise modernist aesthetics and principles for a multi-ethnic, socially and economically liberated generation. Chapter 4, "Safe Houses," measures the legacy of the Welfare State and its deconstruction under the Thatcher Government through the fictional desire for safety and hospitality in the built environment. In Graham Greene's novel, The Human Factor (1978), Doris Lessing's novel, The Good Terrorist (1985), and Ken Loach's film, Riff-Raff (1991), resurgent realism responds to the largest socio-political paradigm shift in Britain since the 1940s. Realist fiction confronts, and then constructs, the postwar world.Cette thèse analyse la construction et le déclin de l'État-providence anglais à travers des romans, des films et des exemples d'architecture, en portant une attention particulière à un enjeu qui a défini cette époque : le logement. En 1942, le Rapport Beveridge a proclamé que l'accès au logement était un droit humain pour tous les citoyens. Lorsque quatre millions d'habitations ont été détruites lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la reconstruction des logements et des villes est devenue une tâche primordiale pour la nation. Dans l'État-providence, le logement est devenu le barème de la réussite des interventions socialistes. En puisant dans les études littéraires, les études cinématographiques et l'histoire de l'architecture, cette thèse retrace quatre facettes du logement d'après-guerre – l'architecture, la planification urbaine, la préservation des maisons de campagnes et les politiques gouvernementales sur le logement – dans le discours fictionnel et non fictionnel. Les représentations réalistes, qu'elles soient romanesques ou filmiques, offrent bien plus que des représentations historiques; elles contribuent activement à la construction de l'histoire, tout autant que les plans officiels, les maquettes architecturelles, les bâtisseurs, et les politiques gouvernementales. La transmission à double sens qui s'effectue entre la fiction et le logement peut être conceptualisée spatialement au travers d'une relation qui glisse du vertical vers l'horizontal. Des bombes ont aplati des bâtiments durant la guerre; l'architecture et les politiques gouvernementales ont essayé d'aplatir les distinctions entre les classes sociales après la guerre. Dans les romans, les concepts d'horizontalité et de verticalité émergent à travers des tropes narratives et des techniques formelles qui viennent critiquer les problèmes sociaux de la période d'après-guerre. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse, « Boardinghouses, » évalue les enjeux de la reconstruction des logements pendant et après la guerre, en accordant une attention particulière à la relation entre l'individu et la communauté dans les débats publics, les plans urbains, et dans deux romans dont l'intrigue se déroulent dans des pensions familiales pendant la guerre : The Slaves of Solitude (1947) de Patrick Hamilton, et The Girls of Slender Means (1963) de Muriel Spark. Le deuxième chapitre, « Country Houses », examine le rôle de la fiction dans la transformation, sur le plan culturel, des maisons de campagne de l'après-guerre, avec un regard spécifique sur le phénomène des maisons de campagnes « musées » et la tension entre l'expérience vécue et la narration. Les roman Angel (1957) d'Elizabeth Taylor et The Little Girls (1964) d'Elizabeth Bowen incarnent des manifestations critiques du genre romanesque liés aux maisons de campagne. Le troisième chapitre, « Modern Living, » est une étude de l'expression de la mobilité, de la verticalité, et de la modernité dans la fiction de la fin des années 1950 et du début des années 1960. Le roman The Lonely Londoners (1956) de Sam Selvon, le roman Absolute Beginners (1957) de Colin MacInnes, et le film The Servant (1963) de Joseph Losey, révisent l'esthétique moderne et les principes d'une génération multiethnique socialement et économiquement libérée. Le quatrième chapitre, « Safe Houses, » mesure l'héritage de l'État-providence et sa déconstruction par le gouvernement Thatcher à travers le désir romanesque pour la sécurité et l'hospitalité de l'environnement bâti. Dans le roman The Human Factor (1978) de Graham Greene, le roman The Good Terrorist (1985) de Doris Lessing et le film Riff-Raff (1991) de Ken Loach, un réalisme renaissant répond au plus grand changement socio-politique que l'Angleterre a connu depuis les années 1940. La fiction réaliste confronte et reconstruit ensuite le monde d'après-guerre.
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Wrååk, Jonathan. "The importance of crime severity for housing prices : Implementation of criminal harm weighting into the literature of crime and housing prices." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104560.
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The empirical results from past research are quite clear. When the surrounding crime level goes up, housing prices go down. However, what has not been acknowledged in the previous literature is that different crimes might impact our willingness-to-pay heterogeneously. As most of the previous research is done through the usage of simple crime rates, this thesis acknowledges the relative severeness of different crimes. Using the newly developed crime harm index (CHI), the relative severity and harm inflicted by a specific crime is identified. The study is conducted in Sweden, Stockholm, using data for the year 2020. With the use of hedonic price equations, spatial models as well as graphical information system software, this thesis estimates a significant, and non-negligible negative relationship between increased area mean CHI and apartment prices. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is one of the very first analyses within the literature, which acknowledges the relative severeness of crimes, and the first to show a significant negative relationship between increased criminal harm and apartment prices. Further, the resulting estimates and method used in this thesis can be utilized to differentiate between the costs of different crimes, hence enabling precise cost estimates. These estimates could for example be of great use to policymaking, urban planners, and decision-making regarding safety investment.
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Robertson, Lisa C. "New and novel homes : women writing London's housing, 1880-1918." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91748/.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between women's writing and domestic architecture in London during the four decades around the turn of the twentieth century. It foregrounds novels written by women in order to investigate the ways in which this literature grapples with new forms of urban housing that emerged in order to accommodate economic, political and cultural changes in the city. This period of study is roughly framed by the Married Women's Property Act of 1882, legislation that allowed women to exist legally outside the family structure, and the end of WWI, which initiated a movement towards suburbanisation that was intended to alleviate the necessity of housing the city's labour forces locally. While scholarship to date has been attentive to the ways that women have been denied participation in the production of urban environments – through professional exclusion and social marginalisation – this thesis argues that their creative engagement with the city should be understood as an important contribution to its growth and development, imaginatively and materially. Central to this thesis is a consideration of the ways in which changing gender ideologies initiated new patterns for domestic architecture, but were also responses to the new social relationships that took shape as a result of their construction. It looks closely at women's literary engagement with domestic architecture in order to gain insight into the ways that the representative spaces of these texts interact with the city's built environment. In Chapter 1, I begin with an examination of the ways in which women's fiction engages with the political and legislative developments that initiated slum clearance and city improvement projects, and which led to the construction of model dwellings and early local authority housing. In Chapter 2, I trace the origins of purpose-built housing for women, or 'ladies' chambers', and consider its treatment in contemporaneous novels and journalism. In Chapter 3, I examine the ways in which the settlement movement challenged conventional notions of home and labour by studying its representation in two novels that construct these concerns within discussions of sexuality. I conclude this thesis with an investigation of the development of Hampstead Garden Suburb, and of the ways its design and representation sought to redress the social and political uncertainties that emerged in late nineteenth-century London and its literature.
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Gordon, Rhona. "Housing matters in the texts of Gordon Burn, Andrew O'Hagan and David Peace." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6088/.
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This thesis examines the representations of housing in the fiction and non-fiction texts of Gordon Burn, Andrew O’Hagan and David Peace. This thesis will explore the relationship between housing and class in all three writers’ work and consider the ways in which housing displays and conceals class. These three writers have never been critically examined together, and their similar subject matter provides interesting points of contrast and comparison. ‘Housing. The Greatest Issue of Our Poor Century’ writes Andrew O’Hagan in his novel Our Fathers (1999) and this is a sentiment shared by Burn and Peace throughout their texts. All three writers depict the ways in which housing has changed over the course of the twentieth century, as against the slum clearances of post-World War II Britain, Modernist tower blocks were erected. Against these visual changes there was a sustained campaign, by all major political parties, to increase home ownership. A succession of Acts throughout the latter half of the twentieth century saw council houses being sold to tenants and a subsequent decrease in the construction of council houses. These Acts promoted, and made easily achievable, home ownership and ingrained within society the idea that owning property was a symbol of success and security. By examining changes in housing Burn, Peace and O'Hagan consider the fate of the working-class in the latter half of the twentieth century, and this thesis will explore to what extent, and in what ways, housing displays and conceals class. Chapter One will consider the changes in housing policy over the latter half of the twentieth century and the ways in which government policy affected issues of class. This chapter will look at the ways in which Burn, Peace and O’Hagan consider issues of class and will argue that by examining issues of housing all three are examining the fate of the working-class. Issues of housing are inexorably linked with issues of class and this chapter will form the basis on which the remaining chapters’ arguments are based. Chapter Two will explore issues of housing in the cases of Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe and Fred and Rosemary West, specifically the ways in which housing both concealed and motivated their crimes and how in turn assumptions about class hide their murders within plain sight. Chapter Three will examine the construction of high-rise tower blocks and the ways in which the creation of housing allowed for social crimes to be committed for both political and economic gain by various individuals. Chapter Four will look at the underground spaces of the houses featured in the previous chapters and will consider to what extent the underground reflects the issues of the over-ground and the significance of the underground in debates about class. The final Chapter, Chapter Five, will look at depictions of the celebrity house and will consider how the house of the celebrity fits into narratives of twentieth century housing and how the inhabitants are as hidden and revealed as their working-class counter parts.
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Herath, Shanaka, and Gunther Maier. "The hedonic price method in real estate and housing market research. A review of the literature." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/588/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2010_03.pdf.
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The Hedonic Price Method (HPM), also known as hedonic regression, is used for estimating the value of a commodity or the demand for a commodity. The HPM has been extensively used in real estate and housing market research in the recent past. In this paper, we discuss theoretical and methodological developments related to hedonic regression and undertake an examination of use of this methodology in the recent real estate and housing literature. We first define the HPM, and explain the fundamentals behind the methodology. The idea behind the HPM is that the commodities are characterized by their constitute properties, hence the value of a commodity can be calculated by adding up the estimated values of its separate properties. In the second part of the paper, we emphasise that the heterogeneous nature of real estate property justifies the use of HPM for estimating their value or demand. We also take a stock of most cited empirical studies on real estate and housing using the HPM, and classify those into several categories. The classification indicates that neighbourhood characteristics of real estate are relatively over-researched as a determinant of price or rent. It also shows that implicit value of structural characteristics is under-researched. In general, implicit value of environmental amenities in the neighbourhood and air pollution are relatively overresearched. The effect of social factors, i.e. racial segregation and crimes on real estate value is under-researched. (authors's abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Lima, Lisiane Pedroso. "Proposta de um modelo conceitual de referência para o uso integrado de evidências no processo de projeto de edificações." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172294.
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Existe a necessidade de modificar o processo de projeto diante da crescente complexidade envolvida em empreendimentos da construção. Há envolvimento de muitos profissionais, existência de distintas metas e interesses, além da ampliação do escopo dos projetos desenvolvidos. Além disso, o processo tradicional de projeto é geralmente desenvolvido de forma fragmentada, desconsiderando o conhecimento de vários estudos acadêmicos já desenvolvidos, sendo as decisões tomadas geralmente com base na experiência dos projetistas. Nesse sentido, uma das abordagens que vem sendo usada para melhorar os projetos de edificações é o projeto baseado em evidências (Evidence-Based Design - EBD). EBD é um processo que visa a melhorar as decisões de projeto tendo como base o uso das melhores evidências disponíveis de pesquisa, aliadas à prática profissional e a dados relacionados aos requisitos do cliente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo conceitual para guiar o uso do EBD no processo de projeto de edificações. A pesquisa foi dividida em três estágios. O primeiro estágio, de caráter exploratório, buscou a compreensão da pesquisadora quanto ao tópico investigado (EBD). No segundo estágio, buscou-se entender a aplicação do EBD no processo de projeto com enfoque na geração de valor Já o terceiro estágio buscou desenvolver formas de disseminação de resultados baseados em evidência. Ao longo dos três estágios, foram realizadas três revisões sistemáticas de literatura e também três estudos empíricos, sendo dois desenvolvidos no contexto de habitação de baixa renda no Brasil, enquanto que o terceiro foi realizado em um empreendimento da área da saúde no Reino Unido. O estudo apresenta tanto contribuições práticas como teóricas. Sob um enfoque prático, a principal contribuição é a possibilidade de integração de evidências existentes no processo de projeto a partir do desenvolvimento de algumas formas de coleta, processamento e análise dessas evidências. Em termos teóricos, este estudo propõe uma nova abordagem conceitual sobre nomenclatura e classificação de evidências para o processo de projeto usando EBD, com foco na geração de valor. É apresentada uma proposta de processo de projeto que busca uma melhor integração entre a prática profissional com conhecimentos produzidos pela academia, por meio de um processo de geração de conhecimento como uma forma de aprendizagem contínua.There is a need for changing the design process due to the growing complexity of construction projects. There is a large number of stakeholders, which have a diversity of aims and goals, in addition to the broader scope of building projects. Moreover, the traditional design process is usually developed in a fragmented way, based mostly on the designers’ experience, often disregarding knowledge from other stakeholders involved. Evidence based design (EBD) is an emerging approach that aims to address this problem by supporting project decision-making with available evidence from research, in addition to professional experience and clients requirements’ data. This research work has proposed a conceptual model to guide the use of EBD in the building design process. The study was divided into three stages. The first stage had an exploratory character, in which the focus of the researcher was on understanding EBD. In the second stage, the aim was to study the application of EBD in the design process, focusing on value generation. The third stage consisted of devising forms of disseminating evidence-based results Three systematic literature reviews and three empirical studies were developed along those three stages. Two studies were concerned with affordable housing projects in Brazil, and one study involved a care home project in the U.K. This work provides both practical and theoretical contributions. From a practical viewpoint, the model proposed herein integrates evidences in building design process and proposes techniques to collect, process, and analyse such evidences. From a theoretical viewpoint, it introduces a new terminology and classification for evidences that can be incorporated in buildings design by using EBD, for increasing value generation. A proposal for a new design process that improves the integration between the professional practice and knowledge produced by academics, through a process for generating knowledge as a form of continuous learning.
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Tuncer, Ertan, and Amir Mamali. "Radon lösningar vid nybyggnation avbostäder." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215312.
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Bostadsbehovet är väldigt stort i Stockholm. Landstingets prognos visar att vibehöver bygga ca 16,000 bostäder årligen för att täcka upp behoven.Radon som tränger in i våra bostäder är en stor hälsorisk då 500 personerdrabbas av lungcancer varje år till följd av höga radonhalter i bostaden.Detta tror vi kan minskas med rätta metoder.Syftet med denna rapport är att jämföra de olika tekniska lösningarna somfinns idag för att minimera radonhalterna i våra bostäder, samt att se om vikan komma fram till en ev. förbättring.De metoder vi har använt oss av är framförallt litteraturer samt intervjuermed en konsult som är specialiserad inom just ämnet radon.Det som styr inträngning av radon i bostäder är grundläggningsmetoder. Entorpargrund ventilerar sig självt, men en platta på mark behöver man ta tillåtgärder som är säkra och har en lång livstid.De två lösningar vi presenterar här är bort ventilering av radonhaltig luft, ochett plastmembran som placeras under grunden vilket förhindrar att radontränger upp i våra hus.The housing requirement is very large in Stockholm. The county council'sforecast shows that we need to build about 16,000 homes annually to coverthe needs.Radon that penetrates our homes is a major health risk when 500 peoplesuffer from lung cancer each year due to high radon levels in the home.This we think can be reduced by the right methods.The purpose of this report is to compare the various technical solutionsavailable today to minimize the radon levels in our homes, as well as to see ifwe can reach a possible. improvement.The methods we have used are mainly literature and interviews with aconsultant specializing in the subject radon.Above all, the founding method is of great importance to radon's intrusion inthe homes. A village ground is ventilating itself, but a plate on the groundrequires measures that are safe and have a long lifespan.The two solutions we present here are the removal of radon-containing air,and a plastic membrane underlying the ground that prevents radon frompenetrating into our houses.
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Venter, Maria Dorothea. "The development, implementation and evaluation of a housing education literacy programme for semi-literate recipients of government subsidised housing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1096.
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Thesis (PhD (Consumer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.In the ten years since the inclusive elections of 1994, the South African government has created an international precedent in the housing field. It is widely acknowledged that in this period it has delivered more subsidised houses than any other country in the world. The housing backlog is still between 2 to 3 million and growing every year, so housing policies for the future must continue to , not only provide subsidised housing for a large part of the population but also seeking to establish a viable market for low-cost housing units and to create sustainable human settlements for low-income groups. There are a therefore large numbers of new consumers that enter the housing market for the first time.
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Calhoun, Lia. "Bad housing: spatial justice and the home in twentieth-century American literature." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33079.
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Realist depictions of bad housing are pervasive in the canon of twentieth-century American literature. Insufficient abodes crisscross the literary map of the United States, appearing regularly in settings from New York to Los Angeles and from Alaska to Florida. This dissertation examines three case studies that themselves crisscross the map, and represent the diverse contexts of this common thematic concern. Anzia Yezierska writes of the deplorable housing in New York’s East Side tenements, Richard Wright tells of life in South Side Chicago’s kitchenettes, and N. Scott Momaday depicts dark and cold apartments in Los Angeles as well as emptying homes on the reservation. What is shared by all three writers is their use of realism to depict abject housing, their clear engagement with public discourses about living spaces, and the way their works expose the production of space by social, economic, and legislative factors. All three published works that were widely received by the reading public and thereby contributed to the discourses in powerful and surprising ways.
All three literary authors of this dissertation register a sense of space that is produced by power. Yezierska, Wright, and Momaday provide fictional, narrative modes of engagement that employ a particularly material-spatial register to depict spatial injustice. In order to read the production of space in these texts, I draw on the work of the theorists Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey, and Edward Soja to help explain the wider circumstances causing disenfranchisement, exploitation, and disempowerment that all three authors investigate. What is at stake here is a more complete picture of social crisis. By illustrating how bad housing is a result of political, economic, and social powers rather than the result of an individual’s laziness or lack of character, Yezierska, Wright, and Momaday add another perspective to prominent social discourses about housing in the twentieth century. The literary houses they depict uncover a history of systematic inequality in which prevalent national attitudes led to policy that put lower-classes and minority populations in bad housing and consequently foreclosed their potential to partake in the supposed full possibilities of citizenship.2020-11-07T00:00:00Z
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Cox, Therese Anne. "Structures of Feeling: Architecture and Literature in Postwar Britain and Ireland." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-hrzj-2371.
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Why did architecture become an urgent concern for so many writers in postwar Britain? Following the destruction of World War Two, reconstruction became a total cultural project, animating writers, artists, and critics, as well as planners, politicians, and citizens. From the preservation of culturally significant buildings to the razing of old foundations, from the creation of new towns to the management of suburban sprawl, the project of rebuilding Britain sparked an extraordinary creative response that transcended disciplinary fields and brought together some of the most innovative minds of the day. However, the significance of writers’ roles in this reconstruction—and the critical role that writing plays in architecture more broadly—has not, thus far, been adequately addressed in either literary or architectural studies. “Structures of Feeling: Architecture and Literature in Postwar Britain and Ireland” builds on recent scholarship in literary geographies and the spatial humanities to propose a new intervention in literary studies: an extension of what Ellen Eve Frank has called literary architecture. Bringing together architectural and literary modernisms, my dissertation shows how novelists, architects, poets, and critics together participated imaginatively in the reconstruction of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland after World War Two by situating the key social, psychological, and political issues of the day in the built environment.Analyzing a rich archive of poetry, fiction, and criticism along with architectural writing, maps, plans, and developments, “Structures of Feeling” tracks the transition from the end of the war to the rise and fall of the welfare state; it locates forms of cultural production in the second half of the twentieth century that united urban planning, poetics, and environmental perception. In so doing, it shows how writing powerfully mediated some of the most important developments in urban planning and civic reconstruction, from motorways to new towns, from tower blocks and social housing to military architecture along contested borders. These writers, from poets like Philip Larkin to novelists like J. G. Ballard to architects like Alison and Peter Smithson, made human the effects of modern architecture’s ideologies and designs, critiqued and often proposed its boldest solutions and failures, and made architecture a public issue. Ultimately, this dissertation investigates how the complex social and political forces of the era—a dynamic cultural formation Raymond Williams has called “structures of feeling”—became animated both through postwar architecture’s physical structures and the diverse forms of writing these buildings stimulated into being.
Books on the topic "Housing literature"
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Falkingham, Fiona. Housing benefit: A literature review. Nottingham: BenefitsResearch Unit, 1985.
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Peter, Kemp. Housing benefit data and literature sourcebook. London: Social Research Branch, Analytical Services Division, Dept. of Social Security, 1998.
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Doyle, Veronica M. Homesharing matchup agencies for seniors: A literature review. Burnaby, B.C: Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, 1989.
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Chisholm, Sharon. Affordable housing in Canada's urban communities: A literature review. [Ottawa]: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2003.
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Adams, Eric B. A review of the literature relevant to rent regulation. Toronto: Commission of Inquiry into Residential Tenancies, 1986.
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Knott, George. Low income housing in India: A literature review. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1993.
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Leaf, Michael. Urban housing in third world market economies: An overview of the literature. Vancouver: Centre for Human Settlements, School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 1993.
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Beavis, Mary Ann. Housing and ethnicity: Literature review and select, annotated bibliography. Winnipeg: Institute of Urban Studies, 1995.
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Spaulding, Dean T. Housing our feathered friends. Minneapolis, Minn: Lerner Publications, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Housing literature"
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Meen, Geoffrey, Kenneth Gibb, Chris Leishman, and Christian Nygaard. "Key Concepts from the Literature." In Housing Economics, 51–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47271-7_3.
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Souza, Lawrence A., Hannah Macsata, Dustin Hartuv, Joshua Martinez, and Alicia Bilbrey-Becker. "Literature Review." In U.S. Housing Policy, Politics, and Economics, 6–19. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003223436-3.
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Tran, Tuan Anh. "A Review of Contemporary Literature in the Field of Disaster-Resilient Housing." In Developing Disaster Resilient Housing in Vietnam: Challenges and Solutions, 13–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26743-2_2.
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Neculai, Catalina. "Kill the Poor : Low-Rent Aesthetics and the New Housing Order." In Urban Space and Late Twentieth-Century New York Literature, 113–50. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137340207_5.
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Halverson, Cathryn. "Housing the American West: Western Women's Literature, Early Twentieth Century and Beyond." In A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West, 353–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444396591.ch22.
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Wang, Liping, Pengyu Zhu, and Cifang Wu. "The Impact of Property Taxes on Housing Price: A Review of Literature." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 1041–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46994-1_85.
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Mohamad Asroun, Noryanto Asroun, Mohd Hasrol Haffiz Aliasak, and Mohd Afandi Abu Bakar. "A Literature Review on Housing Supply Price Elasticity for Kuala Lumpur Apartments/Condominiums." In Charting a Sustainable Future of ASEAN in Business and Social Sciences, 265–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3859-9_24.
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Chen, Jie, and Xuehui Han. "The Evolution of the Housing Market and its Socioeconomic Impacts in the Post-Reform People's Republic of China: A Survey of the Literature." In China's Economy, 63–82. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118982433.ch5.
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Ballard, Richard, and Christian Hamann. "Income Inequality and Socio-economic Segregation in the City of Johannesburg." In The Urban Book Series, 91–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_5.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses income inequality and socio-economic segregation in South Africa’s most populous city, Johannesburg. The end of apartheid’s segregation in 1991 has been followed by both continuity and change of urban spatial patterns. There is a considerable literature on the transformation of inner-city areas from white to black, and of the steady diffusion of black middle-class residents into once ‘white’ suburbs. There has been less analysis on the nature and pace of socio-economic mixing. Four key findings from this chapter are as follows. First, dissimilarity indices show that bottom occupation categories and the unemployed are highly segregated from top occupation categories, but that the degree of segregation has decreased slightly between the censuses of 2001 and 2011. Second, the data quantifies the way in which Johannesburg’s large population of unemployed people are more segregated from top occupations than any of the other employment categories, although unemployed people are less segregated from bottom occupations. Third, over the same period, residents employed in bottom occupations are less likely to be represented in affluent former white suburbs. This seemingly paradoxical finding is likely to have resulted from fewer affluent households accommodating their domestic workers on their properties. Fourth, although most post-apartheid public housing projects have not disrupted patterns of socio-economic segregation, some important exceptions do show the enormous capacity of public housing to transform the spatial structure of the city.
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Motsholapheko, M. R., and B. N. Ngwenya. "Access to Water Resources and Household Vulnerability to Malaria in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1227–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_165.
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AbstractMalaria is a persistent health risk for most rural communities in tropical wetlands of developing countries, particularly in the advent of climate change. This chapter assesses household access to water resources, livelihood assets, and vulnerability to malaria in the Okavango Delta of north-western Botswana. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 355 households, key informant interviews, PRA-based focus group discussions (FDGs), interviews with experts in various related fields, PRA workshop participant interviews, and literature review. There was high access to natural capital, and most households engaged in nature-based livelihood activities. Access to resources determined type of livelihood activities that households engaged in. However, there was no association between household exposure and/or susceptibility, and type of livelihood activities pursued by households. Household vulnerability to malaria was higher in remote and rural locations than in urban neighborhoods. Malaria prevention and vulnerability aversion programs need to be coupled with improvements in housing and well-being in the Okavango Delta and similar wetlands.
Conference papers on the topic "Housing literature"
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Earhart, Carla. "Housing Diversity in Children’s Literature." In Charleston Conference. Purdue University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316439.
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Olaleye, A., and F. Adeleke. "DETERMINANTS OF HOUSING AFFORDABILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW." In 16th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2016_103.
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Nainggolan, Susanti Muvana, Ova Candra Dewi, and Toga H. Panjaitan. "10 Criteria of Sustainable Housing: A Literature Review." In 3rd International Conference on Dwelling Form (IDWELL 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201009.005.
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"Customer Focused Organizational Climate and Customer Loyalty in Housing Finance Institutions." In International Conference on Humanities, Literature and Management. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0115093.
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Ghesquière, Jean François Noël. "Foreign Names of Private Housing in Singapore Vanishing Local Languages: Evolution of Telok Kurau's Linguistic Landscape." In 6th Annual International Conference on Language, Literature and Linguistics (L3 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l317.109.
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Jessica, Lamond, Hammond Felix, and Proverbs David. "RURAL COMMUNITIES AND THE VALUATION OF RURAL AMENITIES, EVIDENCE FROM HOUSING LITERATURE AND CASE STUDIES." In 17th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. ERES, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2010_145.
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Prisca, Simbanegavi, and Ijasan Kola. "AN OVERVIEW OF THE MIXED INVESTMENT HOUSING MODEL IN SOUTH AFRICA; AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW." In 14th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2014_143.
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Al-Hafith, Omar, BK Satish, and Pieter Wilde. "A Review of the Iraqi Housing Sector Problems." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.203.
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Housing is one of the important necessities for people. It comes after food and drink according to Maslow’s pyramid of human needs. It also influences countries’ social cohesion, stability and development and at the same time is affected by their general conditions. Iraq has a housing sector crisis. The county experiences a large housing shortage. The Iraqi National Housing Policy identifies critical challenges in seven housing-related fields: housing production, land management, housing finance, infrastructure, construction materials, housing stock status and slums. This paper aims to present a better understanding of these housing challenges as a first step to the development of appropriate solutions. It presents a critical investigation of the housing sector’s issues through exploring a wide range of literature to build a framework that critically evaluates and identifies the problems. The paper also quantifies the current housing shortage at around 1 million dwellings. Based on the extrapolation of trends towards 2030, it is estimated that Iraq has to build around 230000 dwellings annually to satisfy future demand. Results confirm the importance of the issues identified in the National Housing Policy, which gives it more validity. The paper concludes by proposing a series of measures to address Iraq’s housing challenges.
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Hatipoğlu, Hatice Kalfaoğlu, and Shurouk Mohammad. "Living with Quality: Strategies for Transferring Social Housing Development to After-war Syria." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021307n6.
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Obtaining a home in Syria has been an equivalent to a strategic goal around which the life of the Syrian citizen revolves. Housing was one of the problematic crises before the war, which accelerated due to the war. Moreover, this turned into a humanitarian disaster, and the situation has become more urgent and requires immediate treatment. The solution of this demolition is not limited to an easy rebuilding and needs a more sustainable and qualified policy in order to prevent to turn back to the existing crisis before the war. This paper focuses on finding an appropriate strategy to respond to the housing crisis in Syria in the light of successful implementations of social housing. In order to achieve that, after a literature review of the general context of social housing, the Singapore social housing experience has been analyzed. Considering the housing problems and implementations in Syria (before and after the war) in a comparative evaluation with the Singapore experience, some strategies have been suggested, along with discussing the transfer of this experience to the Syrian context. Although applying a social housing system in a country that has had a failed experiment is not an easy task, the study proposes a list of recommendations for developing a social housing strategy based on a clear legal framework which also provides a base for social housing. In addition to defining all the criteria related to social housing, such as the target groups, the type of housing, the available financing methods, and focusing on urban planning and architecture for the importance of their role in creating a peaceful coexistence in the conflicting societies.
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MENDIS, A. P. K. D., MENAHA THAYAPARAN, and YAMUNA KALUARACHCHI. "GENDER AND DISABILITY INCLUSION IN POST-DISASTER REBUILDING ‘BUILD BACK BETTER’ PROGRAMMES IN SRI LANKA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.9.
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In the last decade, many South Asian developing countries have suffered natural disasters. Severe disaster destruction results in an overwhelming need to rebuild housing and infrastructure within a brief amount of time. United Nation Development Programme has sought to make this reconstruction program a "Build Back Better (BBB)" opportunity, hence gender inequality and marginalisation of people with disabilities remain a problem in many countries. Although the international community has sought to promote this resilience and inclusion, the Post-Disaster Rebuilding (PDR) process still overlooks these sectors of society and their needs. Therefore, this paper aims to bring in literature synthesis addressing gender and disability inclusion in PDR ‘BBB’ programmes in Sri Lanka. Besides, involvement in the mitigation of vulnerability and community resilience to disaster risks and relocation was found to play a significant role. Vulnerability and the risk of disasters can be dramatically reduced by ensuring a culture of disaster prevention and resilience for all segments of populations, particularly rural areas, girls and women, and the disabled. All aspects of socially inclusive, formal, and non-formal commitments are important to take their desires and requirement into consideration.
Reports on the topic "Housing literature"
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Less, Brennan, Iain Walker, and Nuria Casquero-Modrego. Emerging Pathways to Upgrade the US Housing Stock: A Review of the Home Energy Upgrade Literature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1777979.
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Niles, John, and J. M. Pogodzinski. TOD and Park-and-Ride: Which is Appropriate Where? Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1820.
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Despite the sharp drop in transit ridership throughout the USA that began in March 2020, two different uses of land near transit stations continue to be implemented in the United States to promote ridership. Since 2010, transit agencies have given priority to multi-family residential construction referred to as transit oriented development (TOD), with an emphasis on housing affordability. In second place for urban planners but popular with suburban commuters is free or inexpensive parking near rail or bus transit centers, known as park-and-ride (PnR). Sometimes, TOD and PnR are combined in the same development. Public policy seeks to gain high community value from both of these land uses, and there is public interest in understanding the circumstances and locations where one of these two uses should be emphasized over the other. Multiple justifications for each are offered in the professional literature and reviewed in this report. Fundamental to the strategic decision making necessary to allocate public resources toward one use or the other is a determination of the degree to which each approach generates transit ridership. In the research reported here, econometric analysis of GIS data for transit stops, PnR locations, and residential density was employed to measure their influence on transit boardings for samples of transit stops at the main transit agencies in Seattle, Los Angeles, and San José. Results from all three cities indicate that adding 100 parking spaces close to a transit stop has a larger marginal impact than adding 100 housing units. Previous academic research estimating the higher ridership generation per floor area of PnR compared to multi-family TOD housing makes this show of strength for parking an expected finding. At the same time, this report reviews several common public policy justifications for TOD as a preferred land development emphasis near transit stations, such as revenue generation for the transit agency and providing a location for below-market affordable housing where occupants do not need to have a car. If increasing ridership is important for a transit agency, then parking for customers who want to drive to a station is an important option. There may also be additional benefits for park-and-ride in responding to the ongoing pandemic.
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Bolton, Laura. The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Colombia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.073.
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Available data provide a picture for the macro-economy of Colombia, agriculture, and infrastructure. Recent data on trends on public procurement were difficult to find within the scope of this rapid review. In 2020, macro-level employment figures show a large drop between February and April when COVID-19 lockdown measures were first introduced, followed by a gradual upward trend. In December 2020, the employment rate was 4.09 percentage points lower than the employment rate in December 2019. Macro-level figures from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) show that a higher percentage of men experienced job losses than women in November 2020. However, the evidence presented by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia based on the DANE great integrated house survey shows that a higher proportion of all jobs lost were lost by women in the second quarter. It may be that the imbalance shifted over time, but it is not possible to directly compare the data. Evidence suggests that women were disproportionately more burdened by home activities due to the closure of schools and childcare. There is also a suggestion that women who have lost out where jobs able to function during lockdowns with technology are more likely to be held by men. Literature also shows that women have lower levels of technology literacy. There is a lack of reliable data for understanding the economic impacts of COVID-19 for people living with disabilities. A report on the COVID-19 response and disability for the Latin America region recommends improving collaboration between policymakers and non-governmental organisations. Younger people experienced greater job losses. Data for November 2020 show 3.3 percent of the population aged under 25 lost their job compared to 1.8 percent of those employed between 24 and 54. Agriculture, livestock, and fishing increased by 2.8% in 2020 compared to 2019. And the sector as a whole grew 3.4% between the third and fourth quarters of 2020. In terms of sector differences, construction was harder hit by the initial mobility restrictions than agriculture. Construction contracted by 30.5% in the second quarter of 2020. It is making a relatively healthy recovery with reports that 84% of projects being reactivated following return to work. The President of the Colombian Chamber of Construction predicting an 8.4% growth in the construction of housing and other buildings in 2021.
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Housing And Health: An Overview Of The Literature. Project HOPE, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hpb20180313.396577.
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