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1
Rakodi, C. I. "Housing and urban development in Lusaka, Zambia : An evaluation of squatter upgrading in Chawama." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383341.
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Housing policy in Zambia has followed a similar sequence to other developing countries, from construction of public housing to sites and services to upgrading of unauthorised areas, and earlier policies reveal outcomes and problems similar to those in other national contexts. A partly World Bank funded squatter upgrading and sites and services project was implemented in Lusaka between 1974 and 1981. In view of the innovative nature of this proJect, systematiC evaluation of its outcome and impact was carried out. Evaluation of the effects of upgrading in one of the main upgraded squatter areas, Chawama, is reported here. Upgrading resulted in improvements to the living conditions of residents and many of the principles upon which the design and implementation of the project were based were found to be sound. However, a number of problems were experienced, with respect to standards adopted for and maintenance of physical infrastructure, cost recovery and affordability, which were not unique to the Lusaka project. Evidence was found in the upgraded area of continued house improvement, growth in the total population of the area during upgrading and an enlarged small-scale rental housing market. Many residents affected by installation of infrastructure bad found accommodation elsewhere, especially small and tenant householdsj resettlement of the rest was accomplished in an adjacent overspill area without conflict, and rapid house consolidation ensued. Despite the absence of overt discrimination against particular types of household, the overspill area was characterised by households of larger than average size and higher than average income, suggesting a process of differentiation within Chawama itself. There was no evidence of upgrading having created opportunities for the valorization of landed capital, for penetration of the housing markets of unauthorised areas by external large scale capital, nor of displacement of existing with higher income residents. The roles of the state in housing policy and proclaimed reliance on self-help as a housing strategy for low income urban residents were found to be ambiguous in both theoretical and practical terms.
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Zhao, Zhejin. "Three essays on housing markets and housing policies." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES033/document.
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Cette thèse contient trois essais empiriques sur les marchés du logement et les politiques de logement. Dans le premier essai, nous étudions les effets du contrôle des loyers sur les loyers en utilisant des données historiques de panel sur une période de 78 ans à Lyon. Nous utilisons des régressions multiples avec des effets fixes comme principale forme d’analyse. Nos résultats montrent que l’effet causal du contrôle des loyers sur les loyers à Lyon est significativement négatif. Dans le deuxième essai, j’étudie l’influence de l’âge du chef de famille sur la demande de logements grâce à des données sur les ménages en Chine. Le modèle de prix hédonique en deux étapes, utilisé dans cet essai, me permet d’estimer l’effet de l’âge du chef de famille sur la demande de logements, en contrôlant la qualité du logement et les caractéristiques des autres ménages. Les résultats montrent que la disposition à payer, à qualité constante de la maison, diminue légèrement ou reste constante lorsque le chef de famille vieillit, une fois contrôlé le niveau d’instruction du chef de famille. En revanche, il diminue rapidement si le niveau d’instruction du chef de famille n’est pas contrôlé. Par conséquent, cet essai conclut que la demande totale de logements ne devrait pas diminuer avec le vieillissement de la population, parce que la génération actuelle est plus éduquée que la précédente. Enfin, dans le troisième essai, dans le cadre du modèle de Rosen-Roback, j’analyse l’impact des coûts du logement sur le ratio d’intensité des compétences (SIR), dans différentes villes chinoises. Pour éviter les problèmes d’endogénéité, j’utilise à la fois la part des terrains non disponibles et les prix des logements historiques comme instruments des prix actuels du logement. Les résultats montrent que les prix moyens des logements ont des effets positifs significatifs sur le SIR en 2010 lorsque la mobilité des travailleurs est assouplie, mais que les effets sont non significatifs sur le SIR en 2000 lorsque la mobilité des travailleurs était étroitement réglementéeThis thesis contains three empirical essays on housing markets and housing policies. In the first essay, we investigate the effects of rent control on rents using historical panel data in Lyon over a 78-year period. We use multiple regressions with fixed effects as the main form of analysis. Our results show that the causal effect of rent control on rents in Lyon is significantly negative. In the second essay, I study how age influences housing demand based on household level data from China. The two-stage hedonic house price model used in this essay allows me to estimate the pure age effect on housing demand, after housing quality and other household’s characteristics are controlled for. The results demonstrate that the willingness-to-pay for a constant-quality house will decrease slightly or keep constant when a representative household head becomes old, if the household head’s educational attainment is controlled for. In contrast, it will drop rapidly if the household head’s educational attainment is not controlled for. Therefore, this essay concludes that the total housing demand will not decrease with population aging, because the current middle- aged generation get educated more than the current old generation. Finally, in the third essay, in the framework of Rosen-Roback model, I analyze how housing costs affect the ratio of high-skilled to low-skilled workers, explicitly the skill intensity ratio (SIR), across cities in China. To avoid endogeneity issues, I use both share of unavailable land and historical housing prices as instruments of current housing prices. The results show that average housing prices have significant positive effects on the SIR in 2010 when workers’ mobility is relaxed, but insignificant effects on the SIR in 2000 when workers’ mobility was tightly regulated
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Lai, Siu-fun Rita, and 黎少芬. "Housing price and government land policies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258256.
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Lai, Siu-fun Rita. "Housing price and government land policies /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781297.
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Hood, Nancy Elizabeth. "Smoke-free policies in subsidized housing." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337089587.
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Matakala, Litiya. "Biofuel policies : what can Zambia learn from leading biofuel producers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5748.
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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Price volatility and high dependency on imported petroleum fuel has prompted the Zambian government to look into renewable fuels as part of an energy diversification program. With growing global interest in biofuels as a transportation fuel, the Zambian government intends to introduce bioethanol and biodiesel as renewable fuels in the transportation sector. While it seems feasible to produce both the feedstocks and biofuels to meet local demand, a regulatory framework and industry support mechanisms have not yet been formulated. The policy and regulatory frameworks encompass a multitude of actors, networks and institutions all playing distinct and important roles. Incorporating the differing interests of all these stakeholders is an involving process that requires detailed analysis of agriculture, environmental, energy, socioeconomic and taxation policies. This study attempts to contribute to the biofuels policy formulation process in Zambia. It analyses biofuel policies in leading biofuels producing countries and identifies aspects that the Zambian government should consider incorporating in its own policies to ensure a viable biofuels industry. Biofuel policies in Brazil, Germany and the United States of America were analysed using a detailed case study and extensive literature review. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the Zambian agriculture sector and the demand for petroleum fuel puts into context the potential demand and challenges likely to be faced. By understanding the history and development of biofuels in the case study countries, best practices, problems faced, policy innovations and industry support mechanisms were identified to inform policy formulation in Zambia. This does not only provide valuable insights and lessons but also ensures that time and resources are not wasted by reinventing the wheel. The comparative analysis of policies and support mechanisms in the three case study countries showed that articulating a clear policy objective, government support in the form of subsidies, wide stakeholder involvement and industry regulation have all played a critical role in the development of the industry. However, the extent to which all these factors have helped to shape the industry in Brazil, Germany and the USA is neither equal nor static. Countries are continuously adapting their policies and support mechanisms to environmental, energy and economic conditions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onbestendigheid van pryse en die groot mate van afhanklikheid van ingevoerde petroleumbrandstof het die Zambiese regering aangespoor om ondersoek in te stel na hernubare brandstof as deel van 'n energiediversifiseringsprogram. In die lig van die groeiende globale belangstelling in biobrandstof as vervoerbrandstof, beplan die Zambiese regering om bioetanol en biodiesel as hernubare brandstof in die vervoersektor te begin gebruik. Al lyk dit prakties uitvoerbaar om sowel die voerstof as die biobrandstof te vervaardig om in die plaaslike aanvraag te voorsien, is 'n reguleringsraamwerk en ondersteuningsmeganismes vir die industrie nog nie geskep nie. 'n Menigte rolspelers, netwerke en instellings, wat almal verskillende en belangrike rolle speel, sal betrokke wees by die beleidsformulering en reguleringsraamwerk. Om die uiteenlopende belange van al die betrokke partye in ag te neem is 'n ingewikkelde proses wat sal vereis dat 'n uitvoerige analise gemaak word van landbou-, omgewings-, energie-, sosio-ekonomiese en belastingbeleidsrigtings. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die formuleringsproses van die biobrandstofbeleid in Zambie. Dit analiseer die biobrandstofbeleid van die vooraanstaande lande wat biobrandstof vervaardig, en identifiseer aspekte wat die Zambiese regering in sy beleid behoort in te sluit om 'n lewensvatbare biobrandstofindustrie te verseker. Die biobrandstofbeleid van Brasilie, Duitsland en die Verenigde State van Amerika (VSA) is geanaliseer met behulp van uitvoerige gevallestudies en 'n grondige literatuurstudie. Verder plaas 'n noukeurige analise van die Zambiese landbousektor en die aanvraag na petroleumbrandstof die potensiele aanvraag en uitdagings wat waarskynlik hanteer sal meet word in konteks. Deur insig te verkry in die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van biobrandstof in die lande waar die gevallestudies gedoen is, kon die beste gebruike, moontlike probleme, nuwe beleidsrigtings en ondersteuningsmeganismes in die bedryf geidentifiseer word om die beleid in Zambie te help formuleer. Dit bied nie slegs waardevolle insig en leergeleenthede nie, maar verseker ook dat tyd en hulpbronne nie vermors word deur die wiel van voor af uit te vind nie. Die vergelykende analise van die beleidsrigtings en ondersteuningsmeganismes in die drie lande waar die gevallestudies gedoen is, het getoon dat 'n duidelik geformuleerde beleidsdoelwit, ondersteuning van die regering in die vorm van subsidies, die algemene betrokkenheid van belanghebbendes en die regulering van die industrie alles 'n uiters belangrike rol gespeel het in die ontwikkeling van hierdie industrie. Die mate waarin al hierdie faktore die industrie in Brasilie, Duitsland en die VSA help vorm het, het egter gewissel en was nooit staties nie. Lande pas voortdurend hulle beleid en ondersteuningsmeganismes aan by omgewings-, energie- en ekonomiese toestande.
7
Carvalho, Thereza C. "Housing and decentralisation : policies, management and product." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284468.
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Vignolles, Benjamin. "Three empirical essays on spatialiazed housing policies." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0153.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres qui, pour chacun d’entre eux, évaluent les effets d’une politique spatialisée menée en France en matière de logement. Les deux premiers chapitres appliquent une méthodologie quasi-expérimentale pour évaluer, pour le premier d’entre eux les effets de l’article 55 de la loi « Solidarités et Renouvellement Urbain » de 2000, qui vise à stimuler la construction de logements sociaux dans les communes moyennes et grandes, et pour le deuxième le crédit d’impôt Scellier qui s’applique, de 2008 à 2012, à l’investissement locatif ciblés sur les locataires à revenus modestes. L’évaluation porte sur plusieurs variables d’intérêt ; la construction de logement mais également les prix immobiliers ou la ségrégation spatiale des revenus. Le troisième chapitre applique quant à lui des méthodes de microsimulations pour estimer le profil de la part du revenu consacré par les ménages au paiement de la taxe d’habitation. Il propose également une simulation de ce profil sous l’hypothèse d’une révision des valeurs locatives, qui constituent la base fiscale de cet impôt locale et qui, faute de révision depuis leur mise en place, reflètent les valeurs de marché des logements dans les années 1970. Les trois chapitres reposent sur l’exploitation de bases de données produites par l’administration fiscale ou les notaires français, qui sont exhaustives et très riches et qui ont été peu utilisées jusqu’à présent. Les deux premiers chapitres montrent que les incitations financières ou fiscales mises en place permettent de stimuler l’offre locale de logements sociaux ou de logements locatifs privés ciblés sur les ménages à revenus modestes. Le chapitre 1 montre que ce surcroît de construction sociale a entraîné une diminution des prix immobilier et de la ségrégation spatiale des revenus dans les communes concernées. Le chapitre 2 montre quant à lui que les logements construits sous l’effet du dispositif Scellier sont plus souvent vacants et que la mesure a entraîné une hausse des prix immobiliers dans les zones traitées, sous l’effet d’une tension accrue sur les marchés locaux du logement qui se capitalise dans les prix du foncier. Enfin, le chapitre 3 montre que l’alignement des valeurs locatives qui servent d’assiette à la taxe d’habitation sur les prix relatifs des logements observés sur les marchés immobiliers aujourd’hui aboutit à une modification radicale du profil du poids de ce prélèvement dans le revenu des ménages en fonction de ce revenu : alors que celui-ci a la forme d’une courbe en cloche avec un effort fiscal maximum pour les ménages autour du revenu médian pour la taxe sous sa forme actuelle, la révision étudiée aboutit à un profile plus progressif pour la plupart des ménages françaisThis thesis evaluates the local effects of several spatialized housing policies. It is composed of three chapters, each focusing on a specific French public policy. The two first chapters apply public policy evaluation method in a quasi-experimental framework to study the impact of two spatialized housing policies – the Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbain (SRU) law, aiming to stimulate housing construction, and the Scellier Tax Credit (STC), which is a subsidy to private housing supply for law and intermediate income households - on housing construction, housing markets and spatial income segregation ; the third chapter uses microsimulation methods to assess the income profile of a French housing tax called taxe d’habitation, and how it would evolve if its fiscal basis – aiming to translate housing values of taxed dwellings at 1970 market prices – were actualized. These papers use exhaustive data set produced by the French fiscal administration and notaries, which were not extensively used until now. The first two papers exploit spatial or municipality size discontinuities according to the enforcement of considered public policies. We show that fiscal local incentives are efficient to increase the construction of public housing or of private housing targeted on low-income households. We also show that the additional construction of social housing leads to a reduction of income segregation and housing prices in targeted municipalities. The STC triggered the construction of new dwelling that remain more often vacant and leads to housing prices increases in treated areas, due to crowding-out effect capitalized in land prices. Finally, we show that if the TH fiscal basis were revised in order to reflect actual housing market prices, the income profile of the tax weight in households income would be dramatically modified, from a bell-shaped one attaining its maximum for median income levels to a more regularly increasing one
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Suen, Wai-lap Kevin, and 孫偉立. "A study on the housing aspirations and housing policies in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577433.
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Suen, Wai-lap Kevin. "A study on the housing aspirations and housing policies in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577433.
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Razmilic, Burgos Slaven Antonio. "Property values, housing subsidies and incentives : evidence from Chile's current housing policies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62112.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 35).
This study evaluates the performance of low income housing subsidy programs currently operating in Chile. The use of detailed microdata allows a close assessment of the relationship between individual subsidy grants, characteristics of the units purchased and actual transaction prices. The study entails both the comparison between programs with different incentive frameworks, and the relative performance of each of these programs in a context of major increases in the levels of assistance provided. The evidence suggests that in most cases virtually the entire increase in the subsidy to the purchaser, which is intended to make housing more affordable, is translated into increased housing prices. In fact, in subsidized transactions between 2007 and 2009 the agreed purchase prices were almost entirely determined by the maximum subsidy amounts set by the housing authority. This occurred repeatedly in transactions performed through programs where the granted subsidy was virtually a 1 to 1 function of the agreed transaction price and where subsidy beneficiaries have little or no incentive to bargain. In such a framework, all the increases in subsidy levels that occurred in the period were translated into equivalent increases in prices with very limited improvements in the quality and location of the units purchased. On the contrary, prices tended to move much more closely with the unit's predicted price (determined by its actual characteristics) in less generous programs that provide lump sum transfers and where beneficiaries are responsible for paying larger proportions of the balance. However, even in these cases, up to 64 cents per dollar of housing subsidy are estimated to be translated directly into house price inflation. The estimated positive impact of subsidy amounts on prices of existing units is a form of wealth transfer that benefits current owners. Although the majority of today's sellers in this segment are low to middle income households that benefited from housing policy efforts in previous decades, these owners are certainly wealthier than current subsidy beneficiaries and also wealthier than other households still waiting to receive housing assistance. Such wealth transfers may be inappropriate, and undermine the declared goal of targeting housing assistance efforts on those who need it most.
by Slaven Antonio Razmilic Burgos.
M.C.P.
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Jung, Chang-Mu. "Impacts of recent housing policies on the rental housing market in Korea." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39720.
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This research is concerned with the effects of housing policy on rental housing market in Korea, in particular, the informal housing finance mechanism known as the chonse. In spite of many studies on chonse rental housing market, the relationship between government intervention in the housing market and chonse price has not been fully investigated. Most studies emphasize a role of chonse as an informal source of housing finance and none of them pay attention to the relationship between chonse price and government housing policies such as price control for new dwellings and rent regulation. Without a proper housing finance system in Korea, chonse deposit plays an important role in household tenure choice decision. Yet, many studies on chonse rental housings do not show clearly how it works. Furthermore, the interaction of price control and household tenure choice decision has never been a subject of study in Korea. The purpose of my study is, therefore, to contribute toward filling a gap in current knowledge about Korean housing market and to increase understanding of policy impacts on rental housing market in KoreaPh. D.
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Parker, Geneen K. "Best affordable housing policies a look at California, New Jersey and Massachuetts /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/709.
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Ma, Wan-mui, and 馬運梅. "An evaluation of current elderly housing policies: a study of housing provision in public rental housing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48343134.
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Wong, Lai-yin. "An evaluation of the rental policies of the Hong Kong Housing Authority." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14739975.
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Chitengi, Howard S. "Deriving lessons for urban planning and housing delivery from the resilience of informal housing systems in Zambia." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a0f283ed-de59-4b8f-89d8-5380a9b919ae.
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The study explores the factors that sustain urban informal housing resilience to draw lessons for enhancement of housing provision. This is in response to the challenge in housing provision evidenced in the burgeoning informal housing delivery system that characterise most developing countries. Using a case study approach, involving two informal settlements in Lusaka City, Zambia, the study examines the push and pull factors that influence the resilience. This is premised on the argument that identification of the factors sustaining the resilience holds the key to making the planning system reflective of the context in which housing needs, demands and access abilities are embedded. To this end, grounded on both literature and empirical interrogations, the study shows informal housing resilience is sustained by several factors of which the following are pertinent. The study demonstrates regulatory frameworks, land property rights, contractual practices and fiscal policies which shape the general context of housing development to be influencing factors of the informal housing resilience. In this regard, the study suggests provision of housing that meets the needs of different groups and attainment of sustainable neighbourhoods, can mainly be reached through flexibilities in standards and adaptive governance approach that blend in social-cultural financing and contractual practices, building methods, innovations and land delivery systems. Besides the study shows informal housing resilience to be sustained by urban planning frameworks which are not amenable to contemporary approaches like partnerships, participation, collaborations and decentralisation for housing finance provision. In this view the study suggests new changes and approaches to housing governance anchored on these planning principles. The study further shows that informal housing resilience is influenced by location and internal structuring of residential areas which are incompatible with local dwelling contexts. Accordingly, the study demonstrates the common strategies of eviction, demolitions or relocations employed by planners and policy makers as a display of obliviousness to the realities that make people reside in particular localities considered ‘unauthorised’. In regard of this, the study suggests new changes and approaches to the planning of human settlements to include adaptation of local and social-cultural dwelling contexts and proximity concerns in lay out plans and patterns.
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Buracom, Phonlapat. "Limits of state intervention the political economy of housing policies in Thailand /." Google Book Search Library Project, 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=vVBPAAAAMAAJ.
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Leung, Ho-yin Albert. "Analysis of housing policies for the elderly in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14023805.
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Chambers, D. "Discretionary housing policies in three inner London boroughs." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383523.
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Fung, Annie H. "Low income rental housing in Canada : policies, programs and livability." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56994.
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The government has through many legislations initiated programs to provide housing for those who cannot afford housing in the private market. From 1945, the government has continuously tried to fulfill those housing needs and to improve living conditions. This thesis is an overview of the policies, programs and livability of low rental housing in Canada.This study is divided into three parts. In the first part, there is a factual description of the circumstances and policies that have influenced the development of low rental housing since 1945. The second part assesses the demand and tenant characteristics for such housing. Three types of low income housing: public housing, low rental housing and cooperatives, are compared to measure their merits. The third part analyses the design criteria for such housing with reference to projects built in Montreal, Quebec. Tenants' opinions on what is satisfactory in housing projects are discussed and appropriate management policies are suggested. In the conclusion, government policies of the past, and some recent developments are summarized, and future strategies suggested.
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Rahman, M. Ashiq-Ur. "Housing the urban poor in Bangladesh : a study of housing conditions, policies and organisations." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2600.
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The rapid urbanisation process in developing countries has heightened the crisis of employment, shelter provision and urban services. The increased number of urban population and lack of institutional capacity is causing urban poverty, which has two-way cause-effect relationship with inadequate housing and service provision. In Bangladesh almost 30% of the urban population is living in slums and squatters. To address the housing issues of the urban poor, different programmes and policies have been designed and implemented internationally based on different macro-economic development approaches. The main development approaches are Modernisation, Keynesian, Basic Needs, Neo-liberal and Collaborative, which have been translated in different housing approaches like Conventional Housing, Public and Self-help Housing, Aided Self-help Housing, Enabling Mechanism and Community-led Housing. Thus the development approaches reframes the housing policies of a country and restructures the housing provision through different organisational arrangements to change the housing conditions of the urban poor. This study therefore examine the impact of development approaches for housing the urban poor in Bangladesh by analysing the housing conditions, policies and organisations drawing on the international theories, policies and practices. In analysing the recent context, the emphasis has been given on the impact of neo-liberalism as it is the current pre-dominant development approach in Bangladesh. By reviewing theories, policies and practices, this research first addresses the question whether there is any interrelation between housing and urban poverty, which can be capitalised for poverty alleviation. This research also explores – how ideas on pro-poor housing have evolved over time and whether these have produced varied results under different development approaches. It also investigates the roles of different actors under different organisational arrangements of housing provision influenced by the recent development approaches. The research then applies the concepts drawn from the international perspective to build an understanding of the Bangladesh context. Thus the research is mostly qualitative in nature and the international perspective is based on a review of the literature. To understand the Bangladesh context, in the macro level policy analysis, grey materials (unpublished policy documents) and key informant interview were the main methods of data collection. To understand the housing conditions of the urban poor, at the macro level secondary information has been used, and in the micro level - information has been collected from two case study settlements. For the descriptive statistics - census data of case study settlements has been collected in partnership with the Urban Partnership for Poverty Reduction Programme team. Sixty household interviews and four focus group discussions were performed to acquire qualitative information on the housing process of the urban poor including the role of different actors for service provision in those settlements. The research found that theoretically there is an interrelation between housing and urban poverty, as housing acts as an asset for ensuring livelihood opportunities for the urban poor. The empirical evidence of Bangladesh also shows that there is a symbiotic relationship between housing and livelihood opportunity of the urban poor. The threat of eviction and lack of service provision affect this livelihood opportunity. Internationally to address the housing issues of the urban poor several attempts have been made based on different development approaches. In Bangladesh these practices were introduced under the pressure of external agencies rather than any endogenous attempt and failed to cater for the urban poor. Though different approaches exist internationally, in Bangladesh, neo-liberalism is the pre-dominant approach for articulating public policies. Most of the public policies thus refer to the market enabling approach for housing the urban poor. Internationally, the organisational arrangement of decentralisation has been seen as a pro-poor arrangement under the market enabling approach. In Bangladesh this arrangement failed to deliver housing and services for the urban poor. The co-existence of the 'participatory enabling approach‘ and 'market enabling approach‘ in Bangladesh is another major finding of this research. The 'participatory enabling approach‘ has been exercised through a few externally aided programmes and projects and the existing organisational arrangement is not conducive to this approach, which this research refers to as a policy failure. Moreover, this research identifies that 'market enabling approach‘ under the neo-liberal development approach failed to improve the housing conditions of the urban poor, failed to articulate pro-poor policy frameworks which affected the organisational arrangements and modes of housing provision for the urban poor. However, understanding the capability of informal networked actions of the urban poor, this research also advocates a 'participatory enabling approach‘ and a pro-poor housing policy in Bangladesh.
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Mathe, Audrin. "A comparative analysis of housing policies of Namibia and South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30077.
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Both Namibia and South Africa have had mixed success in their housing policies since the advent of democracy in both countries in the 1990s. This paper proceeds from the hypothesis that each country can learn useful lessons from each other in respect of housing policy. The primary purpose of this research was to describe and systematically compare the housing policies of Namibia and South Africa. The historical backgrounds of the countries, existing policies and the manner in which the policies are implemented were investigated. The research examined the housing policies of Namibia and South Africa in terms of their similarities and differences and to consider the impact and implications. Namibia and South Africa vary in their expenditure commitments to provide affordable homes. Their housing policy strategies also differ. Differences reflect different levels of prosperity and differences in governance and institutional arrangements. The study concluded that the policies of Namibia and South Africa are, in the main, similar in that both Namibia and South Africa have enacted legislation that govern matters related to housing – either as housing relates to financing and affordability or as a function of ownership. South Africa stands out, however, in that the right to adequate housing is a prescript of the constitution. In both the investigated countries, there is evidence that their policies are committed to a housing process built on the foundations of people’s participation and partnerships. But there are also differences with regard to implementation. In this study, it is brought to bear on both countries that the provision of housing was not all that successful. But good policies are a good start to a successful outcome of a process.
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Hulterström, Karolina. "In pursuit of ethnic politics : voters, parties and policies in Kenya and Zambia /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4371.
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Mifsud, Paul Victor. "An evaluation of housing patterns and policies in Malta." Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263123.
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Lucenet, Frederic Pascal. "Land for housing the poor through urban agriculture : the case of Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76003.
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Wong, Lai-yin, and 黃勵賢. "An evaluation of the rental policies of the Hong Kong Housing Authority." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967826.
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Leung, Ho-yin Albert, and 梁浩賢. "Analysis of housing policies for the elderly in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964801.
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Rust-Ryan, Alan. "A comparative analysis of housing action trust community development policies." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442496.
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Chan, Yiu-keung. "Tenant participation and redevelopment policies of the Hong Kong Housing Authority : Kwai Fong redevelopment as a case study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574729.
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Larsson, Lidén Lisbeth. "Democracy grassroots movements and rural development : case studies from Zimbabwe, Zambia and Kerala /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5770-X.pdf.
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Rezende, Marisa Barcia Guaraldo Marcondes. "Planning and citizenship : decision-making in the planning process in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240366.
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Mutale, Emmanuel. "The urban development of Nkana-Kitwe, Zambia : structural conflict in the management of land and services." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310610.
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Mahgoub, H. K. "Dwelling space in the Sudan : Official policies and traditional norms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384211.
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Atterhög, Mikael. "The effect of competition and ownership policies on the housing market." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140.
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This dissertation consists of five studies presented in seven essays. The overall objectives are to investigate the extent and consequences of competition on the rental housing market as well as the importance of national government policies for the substitute good, i.e. owner-occupied housing. However, each essay also has specific objectives. Due to the characteristics of the housing market, one should not expect competition to be very fierce. The market characteristics are, for instance, capital-intensive, complicated and time-consuming construction processes as well as a limited supply of land in many areas. In fact, firms have a lot to gain from colluding and to avoid e.g. price wars. It is therefore theoretically more likely that housing companies will engage in “functional” or “strategic” competition such as the quality of housing services. Essay I and IV analyze the unique municipal housing market in Sweden where apartment rents are determined by negotiations between the local municipal company and the local Union of Tenants. A regression analysis is applied on data from 30 municipalities. There was a strong correlation between apartment rents at local municipal markets and the level of “external” competition (measured by the price level on the market for single-family owner occupied housing), but not with “internal” competition (measured by the market share of the municipal housing company) or the capital expenditure of the municipal housing company (presumed to reflect historical construction and renovation costs for the apartments). The dissertation also investigates the consequences on rents (essay II) and on the quality of housing services (essay III) from a local Swedish municipal housing company selling a substantial part of its apartment stock (15-40 percent) and thereby theoretically creating more competition. These essays use a quasi-experimental methodology whereby the development of the housing market in a privatization town is compared with the development in a very similar comparison town. It is found that privatization has lead to lower rents in the short- and medium-term in six out of seven privatization towns. The development of the quality of housing services was more related to the performance of each individual company and not a specific category of companies. In essay V, these results are merged and developed further. Essay VI presents a wide range of policies available for governments wishing to increase access to home ownership for low-income households and thereby increasing the pressure on rental housing companies to reduce rents. A systematic overview of policies is provided based on the four distinct time periods of a typical ‘housing career’ of a household; i.e. down payment accumulation stage, transaction stage, ownership stage and selling stage. It is found that many policies are required to meet the specific and differing needs of households for governments wishing to encourage home ownership. Essay VII describes that home ownership rates have increased in almost all industrialized countries during the period from World War II until mid-1990s. The essay analyses the implications of government policies and some other factors (e.g. national wealth, income distribution) on home ownership rates in 13 industrialized countries during the period 19702000. A fixed-effect model is applied on a panel data set. The most important result is that a statistically significant and positive correlation between government support and home ownership rates was found although this is only a preliminary conclusion since data was scarce.Avhandlingen består av fem studier presenterade i sju essäer. Den övergripande målsättningenär att undersöka konkurrensens omfattning och effekter på bostadshyresmarknaden samtbetydelsen av statliga stödsystem för substitutvaran till hyresbostäder, nämligen olika formerför bostadsägande. Varje essä har också specifika målsättningar.Inledningsvis så bör man inte förvänta sig omfattande konkurrens på bostadshyresmarknadenpga dess särdrag, exempelvis så är byggprocessen kapitalintensiv, kompliceradoch långsam och tillgången på mark är ytterst begränsad på flera delmarknader. I själva verketså har företagen mycket att vinna från att samarbeta och undvika tex priskrig. Teoretiskt så ärdet därför mer sannolikt att bostadsföretag ägnar sig åt ”funktionell” eller ”strategisk” konkurrenssom exempelvis kvaliteten på bostadstjänster.Essä I och IV analyserar konkurrensen på den unika svenska hyresmarknaden där bostadshyrorsätts i förhandlingar mellan det lokala allmännyttiga bostadsföretaget och hyresgästföreningen.Data från 30 kommuner analyseras med hjälp av regressionsanalys. Resultatetvisade en stark korrelation mellan hyresnivån i allmännyttans bostadsbestånd på kommunnivåoch ”extern” konkurrens från liknande ’produkter’ (motsvarande prisnivån på egnahem), meninte med ”intern” konkurrens från andra bostadsföretag (motsvarande allmännyttans marknadsandel)eller allmännyttans kapitalkostnader (som antas främst motsvara byggkostnadernaför lägenheterna).Avhandlingen undersöker även konsekvenserna på hyra (essä II) och kvalitet (essä III) frånen försäljning av en omfattande del (15-40%) av en allmännyttas bostadsbestånd. Teoretisktskapar detta mer konkurrens. Dessa essäer använder sig av en kvasi-experimentell metodikvarvid utvecklingen på en konkurrensutsatt bostadsmarknad i en tätort jämförs med utvecklingeni en annan snarlik tätort. Det visade sig att hyresnivån i sex av sju konkurrensutsattatätorter hade sjunkit på kort och medellång sikt. Däremot visade sig kvalitetsnivån främstvara beroende på den enskilda hyresvärden och inte på hyresvärdens kategori (privat ellerkommunal). Essä V slår samman dessa resultat och utvecklar materialet ytterligare.Essä VI diskuterar ett stort antal medel (eng ’policies’) för en statsmakt som önskar attgöra ägande av bostaden mer tillgängligt för låginkomstgrupper och därigenom bl a ökapressen på hyrorna på bostadsmarknaden. Medlen är systematiskt beskrivna i enlighet med defyra distinkta tidsperioderna för en ’typisk’ bostadskarriär; nämligen stadiet när kontantinsatseninsparas, överlåtelsestadiet, ägandestadiet och försäljningsstadiet. Studien visade attdet troligen behövs ett flertal medel för att möta hushållens specifika och skilda behov omman avser att uppmuntra hemägande.Essä VII beskriver att andelen som äger sin bostad har ökat i nästan samtliga industriländerfrån andra världskriget fram till mitten av 1990-talet. Essän analyserar konsekvenserna avmyndighetsstöd och flera andra faktorer (tex BNP-utveckling, inkomstfördelning) för andelenhushåll som äger sin bostad i 13 industriländer under perioden 1970-2000. En fix-effektmodell appliceras på ett paneldataset. Det främsta resultatet var att det fanns en statistisktsignifikant och positiv korrelation mellan andelen som äger sin bostad och omfattningen påmyndigheternas stöd. Resultatet är dock endast preliminärt då tillgången på data varbegränsad.
QC 20100831
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Garba, Shaibu B. (Shaibu Bala). "Urban land policies and low income housing in metropolitan Kano, Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61295.
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The scarcity and inaccessibility of land in urban areas has become a major obstacle in the provision of housing to low-income groups in developing countries. This thesis studies the land policies and practices in Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria, and investigates the issues and problems hindering the adequate supply of residential land to low-income groups.The thesis commences with a general study of urban land policies and low-income housing in developing countries. It examines the nature of housing problems in developing countries, the role of land in the housing problems, issues addressed by land policies, and policy measures and strategies used. The general study is followed by a specific study of the land policies and practices in the study area. The policy and institutional management frameworks are identified and examined. The roles of the major institutions are explained. The last section identifies and examines the main issues and problems with the existing policies.
The thesis concludes that actions are necessary to address the identified issues and problems with the policies in order to avoid chaos. Suggestions for policy reform are made.
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Atterhög, Mikael. "The effect of competition and ownership policies on the housing market /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140.
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潘美琴 and Mei-kum Helen Poon. "An evaluation of housing policies for the elderly in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576982.
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Poon, Mei-kum Helen. "An evaluation of housing policies for the elderly in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576982.
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Xu, Yi M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Effects of housing policies on intra-urban inequality in transitioning China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34174.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-75).
In the People's Republic of China, housing reform was launched in the 1980s as a component of the overall economic reform. In the 1990s, housing policies, privatization and subsidies combined, were found to contribute to over one-third of the overall inequality in urban income distribution in China. My hypothesis is that housing inequalities are reinforced in the reform years. In the first half, I discuss three types of general mechanisms: the income-regressive nature of the Housing Provident Fund, the exclusion of rural migrants from urban housing welfare, and the strengthened work-unit-based inequality in reform years. In the second half, to offer some empirical support, I conduct a case study of housing relocation in a large-scale urban redevelopment project-the Xintiandi redevelopment project in Shanghai. My main findings are that the government formed a pro-growth coalition with the private business, and middle-to-low income residents were excluded from the negotiation process. Families in difficulties and families with strong negotiation power received preferential treatment to facilitate the relocation process. In summary, market reform has preserved some features of socialism, particularly the advantages of certain urban population groups with political implications.
(cont.) At the same time, the market forces are adding new forms of inequalities, which results in an increasing overall inequality level in urban housing.
by Yi Xu.
M.C.P.
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Hawley, Kirsten R. "Influence of Privatization Policies on Residential Satisfaction in Military Family Housing." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5470.
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Little published research has examined the post-implementation outcomes of public private partnerships for housing, specifically the Military Privatized Housing Initiative (MPHI) from the perspective of the end user, the Military Family Housing (MFH) resident. Using Mettler and SoRelle's conceptualization of policy feedback theory as the foundation, the purpose of this repeated cross-sectional study was to assess residential satisfaction pre- and post- implementation of the MPHI. The study also addressed the influence of sociodemographic factors on MFH residents' perceived residential satisfaction. Secondary data were collected using 2 Department of Defense surveys administered pre- and post-implementation. An independent-samples t test was used to examine residential satisfaction before and after implementation of the MPHI. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on residential satisfaction of MFH residents. Results indicated that privately-managed MFH residents were less satisfied than residents of government-managed MFH (p < .001). Results also showed that paygrade, branch of service, ethnicity/race, and having children or dependents in a household were significant determinants of residential satisfaction for government-managed MFH residents (p < .05). In privately-managed MFH, residents having children or dependents in the household was a significant determinant of residential satisfaction (p < .05). The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to policy makers to continue examination of MPHI outcomes and improve data collection consistency to ensure current housing policies are meeting the needs of military families.
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Kwan, Ka-pui. "Changes in the nature of housing problems and SAR Government's policies : impacts of the Asian financial crisis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575448.
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Cocina, Varas Camila Loreto. "Housing as urbanism : the role of housing policies in reducing urban inequalities : a study of post 2006 housing programmes in Puente Alto, Chile." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1571836/.
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This thesis explores the role that housing policies have in reducing inequalities through the production of cities. It emerges from intellectual and political concerns: historically the success of housing policies has been mainly measured by quantitative achievements and has been linked to poverty alleviation. But as poverty becomes a rather multidimensional concept, aspects of inequality become important. Politically, studying housing policies in Chile just in terms of their relationship with poverty could be not just reductionist, but even potentially harmful: for thirty years, Chile has had financially effective housing policies, with poverty reduction and quantitative achievements considered widely successful, and yet levels of inequality remain stagnant and the lives of those who inhabit the products of these policies seem to be full of injustice. To explore these issues, this research first discusses its normative positions regarding the definition of inequalities reduction as the object of a social policy. Then a series of theoretical debates on inequality, space and housing are presented, developing a framework of analysis and proposing a series of conceptual bridges between housing and inequalities, defining ‘housing as urbanism’ and recognising its condition as an economic, social and political device. Empirical work was conducted in Bajos de Mena, a peripheral territory of Santiago, Chile, examining two post-2006 housing programmes that have attempted to decrease urban inequalities, and exploring the extent to which they are actually contributing to tackling the problem of inequality. The main challenges identified are summarised under five themes: institutional order, sectorial agendas, fragmentation and targeting; individual choices vs. collective processes; clientelism and dependency; design as a transformative tool; and the problem of scale, i.e. land policy and citywide processes. Through researching another two urban programmes in the area, existing institutional efforts addressing the challenges identified are explored, leading to the conclusion that urban programmes involve important attempts that need to be in conversation with traditional housing programmes in order to achieve their potential. This thesis aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the consequences of housing policies in a complex territory. The main argument is that housing policies can play a role in reducing multiple inequalities, but to do so housing must be understood as urbanism, as a multiple-scales process with agency at the economic, social and political level. In discussing this argument, this research also attempts to contribute to the discipline of urbanism. Establishing stronger links between housing and inequality, it seeks to open up new spaces for solidarities within the urban scale, exploring their translation into policy challenges, and the potentials of urbanism to articulate policies at different scales.
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Mugnano, Silvia. "From local to multitiered social policies : exploring provision for homeless people in Italy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274685.
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Sidibe, Modibo. "Structural empirical models of spatial inequalities: housing choices, policies and generational consequences." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00702737.
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Cette thèse présente trois articles où des agents optimisateurs tiennent compte dans leurs choix présents de leurs situations futures. Dans le premier essai, nous estimons un modèle dynamique de choix de logement. Nous nous intéressons à la disponibilité à payer pour les caractéristiques du logement en estimant un modèle hédonique dynamique. Notre méthode d'estimation tient compte des caractéristiques inobservables du logement, qui peuvent être de surcroît corrélées aux caractéristiques observées. Nous utilisons la régulation des loyers comme principale source d'identification, qui rend les loyers indépendants des conditions locales du marché du logement. Les résultats indiquent une corrélation négative entre l'hétérogénéité non observée et les paramètres. L'impossibilité de tenir compte de cette hétérogénéité biaiserait les paramètres. Dans le deuxième essai, nous proposons un modèle d'appariement sur le marché du travail pour évaluer la politique publique des zones franches urbaines. Nous modélisons chaque aire urbaine comme un marché local du travail composé d'une localisation centrale et d'une banlieue. Les firmes font des choix de localisation en fonction de leur productivité. La segmentation ainsi générée crée une différence entre les taux d'arrivée des offres des deux localisations. Les résultats démontrent que la politique a un effet très faible sur le chômage. De plus, le modèle suggère qu'il faudrait multiplier par 20 le nombre de firmes en ZFUs afin d'avoir un effet sur le chômage. Enfin, dans le troisième essai, nous analysons la contribution respective des différences individuelles et entre localisations à la dynamique de la ségrégation et des inégalités. Nous développons un modèle dans l'esprit de Bewley-Huggett-Aiyagari où plusieurs frictions sont présentes. Plus précisément, nous introduisons une segmentation entre les propriétaires et les locataires, l'imperfection du marché du crédit et la mobilité au cours du cycle de vie. De plus, la localisation des individus affecte leur productivité, leur accumulation de capital via la dynamique des prix des logements, et le processus d'acquisition de capital humain de la génération. Nous analysons ainsi la mobilité individuelle à partir de ce cadre de travail.
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Wong, Man-yum, and 黃文欽. "A critical review of the housing policies on tackling under-occupation of public rental housing flats in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207660.
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Similar to many other countries, in Hong Kong, housing has long been a very difficult issue to manage. It is also one of the pressing social issues that the government has to face with urgently and tactfully. Given by the exorbitant high property prices and landlords increase their properties rent in recent years, the current problem in Hong Kong is a great deal number of people, especially the young generation, cannot afford to buy home or even rent apartment in private property market. Thinking despairingly that home-owning is an unrealistic dream, most people applied for Public Rental Housing as their last resort to be housed. This sort of thinking is somewhat shown by the growing number of applicants in Waiting List for public rental housing flats. The growing number of applicants, by and large, indicating the demand of subsidized housing has never been subsided and also meant applicants need to wait much longer for allocation.
Unfortunately, supply of flats has persistently fallen short of demand. There has been no adequate increase in subsidized flats’ supply in the past few years. The number of completed flats in 2012 is really not comparable with the number of applicants in the queue for public housing. Even, by adding the 15,000 new units each year as committed by the chief executive Mr. CY LEUNG, the public housing stock still cannot effectively satisfy the overwhelming demand of public rental housing. In view of the lack of supply of new flats, there has been demanded that the Government should act creatively to provide more flats to ensure quick allocation. Under this circumstance, the better utilization of existing PRH stock is becoming more essential and important.
It is not hard to find from various sources that there are already many studies in evaluating the efficacy of the so called “well-off tenants policies”, such as the Housing Subsidy Policy, while little studies touch on the issue of under-occupation situation of public flats –an rather unfair phenomenon that the average living density of a household is more than allowed. Under-occupation policy is the policy implemented by the Housing Authority for maximizing the rational utilization of public housing resources so that larger subsidized flats can be recovered and reallocated to those in genuine needs and reducing unnecessary wastage of precious housing resources.
In view of this, the dissertation is going to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy on under-occupation implemented by Housing Authority. In order to response the criticism on the equity and fairness towards the under-occupation issue, the dissertation is also written with an aim to evaluate these aspects and explores with objective assessment by adopting qualitative research methods, such as surveys and questionnaires. Questionnaires will be dispatched to residents in various housing estates to collect necessary information and opinions for analysis the equity and effectiveness of the policy. Hypothetical analysis and literature reviews will also be conducted through comparing different related official publications and journals.
This dissertation is going to evaluate, based on empirical study and literature review, the implication and effectiveness of the policy adopted by Housing Authority to tackle on the problem of under-occupation of public rental housing flats and, with great ambition, make viable suggestions for the authority to cogitate and refine the performance of the policy.published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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Cheung, Hon-ping. "A comparative study on the use of public housing policies of Hong Kong and Singapore in relation to the promotion of home ownership /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36438492.
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Caldwell, John Hood. "Policies for the control of rural housing : three tides in the Ulster countryside." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388068.
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Chan, Yiu-keung, and 陳耀強. "Tenant participation and redevelopment policies of the Hong Kong Housing Authority: Kwai Fong redevelopment asa case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574729.
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Reid, Catherine Barbara Alice. "The improvement and repair of housing in inner urban areas in France and the policy of Operations Programmees d'Amelioration de l'Habitat : a realist analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276496.
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Fitzgeorge-Butler, Alfred William. "Local policies and procedures in the allocation of council housing in England and Wales." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265073.
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