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1
Henilane, Inita. "Housing Concept and Analysis of Housing Classification." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 4, no. 1 (2016): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjreecm-2016-0013.
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Abstract Housing is one of the most important life components giving shelter, safety and warmth, as well as providing a place to rest. There is a lack of unified definition for housing concept in Latvia. The aim of the study is to define the housing concept in general in Latvia and develop proposals for the classification of housing. Principal objectives are to describe and analyse the concept of “housing” and to develop the definition of housing concept in general that could be used in housing policy in Latvia for developing housing classification and analysing the aims of the housing policy. Analytical research method and comparative research method was used. The results and principal conclusions are: The developed definition of the term “housing” and the housing classification could be used in developing and implementing the housing policy as well as for statistics in Latvia and in other EU countries.
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Hannonen, Marko. "Urban Housing Policy Considerations: Perspectives from the Finnish Housing Market." Journal of Heterodox Economics 1, no. 2 (2014): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jheec-2015-0007.
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Abstract It is very difficult to study phenomena in housing markets using conventional so-called neoclassical economics. The core problem stems from the highly unrealistic assumptions of neoclassical economics, such as homogeneous products, equilibrium markets, ceteris paribus clauses, deterministic and linear systems, rationality of economic agents, and the utility maximization principle. New Keynesian economics appears to be a more fruitful approach to housing markets since it presumes that products are differentiated, markets are in disequilibrium state and there exists imperfect competition in a marketplace. Furthermore, new Keynesian economics utilizes the concept of bounded rationality, which is a more realistic description of the actual behavior of economic agents than the theoretical notion of rationality in neoclassical economics.
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Maturana, Beatriz C., and Ralph Horne. "Towards Socially Integrated Housing in Chile: Assessing Conviviality Through Two Key Housing Projects." Open House International 41, no. 2 (2016): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2016-b0002.
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Social integration is an important goal of contemporary urban policy in Chile. Using the concept of conviviality understood as the “art of living in community” (Esteva, 2012), this work analyses two socially integrated housing developments in Chile. This paper argues that materially interspersing different socioeconomic groups within housing developments is insufficient on its own to achieve the objectives of social integration espoused in the national urban policy. In particular, it leaves aside community and cultural processes and therefore neglects considerations of inclusion, equity, and conviviality. Furthermore, it is insufficient on its own in meeting sustainable cities and quality of life objectives of the National Urban Development Policy. As a result, we raise critical questions for the implementation of national policy objectives to combat the segregation of cities. The concept of assessing conviviality is proposed as a means to further understand social integration.
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Chung, Sang-Hyun, Seung-je Kim, So-Youn Park, and Jun Ha Kim. "Past, Present, and Future of Social Housing in Seoul: Where Is Social Housing Heading to?" Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 8165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198165.
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In Seoul, a metropolitan city, affordable housing is a major issue. Since 2012, social housing has been implemented as a means to solve housing shortages in the South Korean capital. Various policies in different times have been applied, and Seoul came up with a unique form of social housing: providing housing to those in need. The purpose of this paper is to review the development of social housing in Seoul and to discuss policy implications. First, this paper defines the concept of social housing in Seoul by comparing that of social housing in Western countries. The major differences in the concept of social housing between Seoul and Western countries lies in the provider of social housing. The providers of social housing in Seoul are social economy actors, including non-private organizations and cooperative unions that work as agencies to pursue the public interest. In addition, this paper presents an overview of the historical development and specific features of social housing. Finally, a discussion is presented on the implications for social housings, including the need for the allocation of social housing throughout the city, the extended length of residence, and reliable financial support to social housing providers.
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Indriliūnaitė, Rasa. "Socialinio būsto politikos samprata ir paramos būstui prieinamumo galimybės Lietuvoje." Culture & Society 9, no. 2 (2018): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-8777.9.2.8.
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Muczyński, Andrzej, and Adelajda Turbaczewska. "THE CONCEPT OF TENANT DISPLACEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HOUSING STOCK." Real Estate Management and Valuation 21, no. 4 (2013): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2013-0034.
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Abstract Effective local housing policies require integrated and flexible ways of managing the resources of social, council and social building society flats. The paper presents a systemic concept of relocating tenants within the local housing resources to premises of a different type. The concept is based on the proposal to rent the flats to the tenants on a temporary basis. Such a solution leads to more efficient housing resource utilization as well as making the housing policy in Poland more rational at times of a housing deficit. Empirical research has proved that the existing legal regulations reduce the scale of tenant transfers in Olsztyn and the concept of creating "a chain of voluntary transfers" has not been, in fact, implemented.
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Priemus, Hugo. "How to Make Housing Sustainable? The Dutch Experience." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32, no. 1 (2005): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b3050.
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Sustainable housing has been a major topic of national policy in the Netherlands for fifteen years. The author argues that sustainable housing is a badly defined concept, both in scientific literature and in policy documents. The Dutch government has never indicated how the sustainability of housing could be measured, or realized a zero measurement, which would enable researchers to evaluate environmental policies to promote sustainable housing properly. A narrow definition of sustainability is adopted, whereby the author concentrates on the ecological dimensions of the concept of ‘sustainability’: the environmental impact on the greenhouse effect; the quality of air, water, and soil; noise nuisance; stench; the stock of nonrenewable materials; and biodiversity. An overview of ways in which the sustainability of housing can be measured is given and the use of a multivariate yardstick advocated. A set of recommendations is presented for politicians and public officials about the way in which sustainable housing can be promoted, and a research agenda on sustainability in housing presented. The author concludes by pointing out the analogy between the Dutch government's policy to promote sustainable housing and the story of the emperor's new clothes. The moral is that it is better to acknowledge that we do not know essential things about sustainable housing than simply to ‘believe’ in it.
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McCord, Michael James, Peadar T. Davis, Martin Haran, and John McCord. "Analysing housing market affordability in Northern Ireland: towards a better understanding?" International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, no. 4 (2016): 554–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-09-2015-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine the nature of housing market affordability. Although the problem of housing affordability has been widely discussed, the theoretical underpinnings of the concept have received less attention. It has become increasingly evident that more holistic insights and integrated approaches are needed to provide a platform to define affordability to influence research and policy discourse. Design/methodology/approach Given the increasing importance of affordability within housing policy reform, this paper seeks to “unearth” the most important prognosticators of affordability. The paper uses principal component analysis to determine how affordability, as a key policy tool, should be analysed. In addition, co integration techniques, Granger causality and impulse response analysis are applied to test the movement and shocks of the key affordability indicators and the two common affordability metrics. Findings The principal conclusions stemming from this paper demonstrate that affordability is a multifaceted policy concept influenced by financial access (purchase) costs and the repayment costs of housing services which are correlated and interchangeable but significantly were found not to be co integrated. Originality/value Understanding the nature of housing market affordability remains problem for policy-makers. This paper adds to the debate and empirical understanding of the cyclic nature of affordability and how it is defined. It shows that there are intricate causal short-term relationships between the key affordability indicators. This is problematic for contemporary housing policy and the key directions in which policy must turn.
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Kearns, Ade. "Affordability for Housing Association Tenants. A Key Issue for British Social Housing Policy." Journal of Social Policy 21, no. 4 (1992): 525–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940002016x.
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ABSTRACTAs a result of changes to the financial regime for housing associations, affordability has become a major issue of debate in social rented housing in Britain. This paper assesses the implications of trying to construct a finance system for housing associations based on a regime of ‘affordable rents’ and the ‘safety net’ of Housing Benefits but with the state declining to define the central concept of affordability. Using examples of a number of Western countries, and empirical evidence from the sector in Scotland, the present position is criticised, and a route out of the policy vacuum is suggested. This is founded on the premise that housing is a means rather than an end, within a broader social policy. Given the political constraints, one solution lies in studies of the expenditure patterns and standards of living of different groups of housing association tenants, and in the creation of a sector-specific organisational subsidy to be available in addition to the usual producer- and consumer-subsidies.
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Kamiński, Maciej. "The Theoretical Model of Polish Housing Policy between 2002 and 2016." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 19, no. 1 (2019): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2019-0002.
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Abstract Research background: This paper attempts to introduce the concept of Polish housing policy and define its course. Purpose: The main aim of the paper is to attribute the theoretical model of Polish housing policy and its goals and summarize the practical instruments and programs implemented between 2002 and 2016 to try to answer the question in what way the state was helping households to fulfil housing needs. Research methodology: The research method used in the paper was a query of Polish and foreign literature of housing policy models, goals and instruments in the theoretical part, in the practical part (main research) is the monograph analysis of Polish housing policy between 2002 and 2016 including: housing resource, housing supply and change of their structure in the examined timeline, availability of apartments, supply of mortgages and connections with the availability of apartments and macroeconomic situation measured by the yearly GDP per capita. Results: Theoretical and practical solutions were made. Polish housing policy can be defined as a wide ranging selective model according to Ghekiere (2009) division, the empirical analysis of the adopted solutions risks – marginalization of social housing and substantial impact of the financial sector (banking and mortgages) on housing which may be negative in the case of an economic crisis. Novelty: The value of this paper is a contribution to the debate on defining a theoretical model of housing policy and an explanation of the changes in housing in Poland from 2002–2016.
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Cesarski, Maciej. "Społeczna polityka mieszkaniowa w poszukiwaniu i urzeczywistnianiu trwałego rozwoju." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 26, 2017): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2017.3.1.
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Post-war anti-social evolution of housing policy becomes an important factor in the post-2008 deepening structural crisis of capitalism and in the end of the market paradigm of economic growth. This speaks for the analysis of social housing policy as a basis for re-evaluation of the paradigm of civilizational development towards better realization of the concept of sustainable development. Shared overreaching goals of sustainable development are best shown through the concept of infrastructure inhabited settlement. In this approach lie methodological possibilities of filling sustainable development with commonly understood social content.
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Brysch, Sara. "Reinterpreting Existenzminimum in Contemporary Affordable Housing Solutions." Urban Planning 4, no. 3 (2019): 326–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2121.
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During the housing crisis of the 1920s, the German concept Existenzminimum (minimum dwelling) was developed and applied to the construction of public social housing. It was considered a design laboratory, where research, design, and experimentation would focus on a unique goal: create a space-efficient affordable housing typology, based on minimum quality standards. Empirical evidence indicates a renewed interest in alternative design solutions and minimum dwelling approaches over the last decade: examples include micro-housing solutions and collaborative housing models. This is due to the current affordable crisis and the increasing trend of urbanisation. However, little is known about the current interpretation of Existenzminimum. What does the concept entail today and how has it developed? This article investigates if and how Existenzminimum is currently applied: first, it unfolds the core design principles of the original Existenzminimum. Then, these principles are used to assess if and how existing affordable or low-cost housing approaches are current (re)interpretations of the concept. Finally, the article proposes a definition for a contemporary Existenzminimum, arguing that a better understanding and awareness of the concept can help urban planners, designers, policy-makers and citizens in developing alternative affordable housing solutions.
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Kirakosyan, Susana Arsenovna, and Pavel Sergeevich Odnachev. "On the development of the concept of neighborliness in the Russian housing Law." Право и политика, no. 6 (June 2021): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.6.35808.
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The subject of this research is the relevant although poorly studied issued of neighborly relations in the Russian housing law. The authors set the goal to analyze the current legal regulation of neighborly relations in the housing sector, and substantiate the need for the development of the concept of neighborliness in the Russian housing law and legislation. Such concept aims to form the culture of living in a multifamily residential building, overcome excessive individualism that cultivates complete disunity of interests and indifference of neighbors to each other and to the fate of common property.  The authors explore the problem of neighborly relations in the housing sector, viewing neighborship from two perspectives: as a social institution of the neighborhood community and as a behavioral standard of particular subjects – neighbors. The need for the development of the concept of neighborliness is substantiated. This fully corresponds to the historical path of development of neighborly relations in the housing sector and the objective pursued by the legislator –increase the responsibility and awareness of the housing owners. The concept of neighborliness is a product of the development of the doctrine and law enforcement practice in the sphere of neighborly relations, and should become a part of the new housing policy of the Russian Federation. The concept of neighborliness includes such elements, as objective, principles, functions, and boundaries of neighborliness.
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Rangiwhetu, Lara, Nevil Pierse, Elinor Chisholm, and Philippa Howden-Chapman. "Public Housing and Well-Being: Evaluation Frameworks to Influence Policy." Health Education & Behavior 47, no. 6 (2020): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198120917095.
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Background A robust evidence base is needed to develop sustainable cross-party solutions for public housing to promote well-being. The provision of public housing is politically contentious in New Zealand, as in many liberal democracies. Depending on the government, policies oscillate between encouraging sales of public housing stock and reducing investment and maintenance, and large-scale investment, provision, and regeneration of public housing. Aim We aimed to develop frameworks to evaluate the impact of public housing regeneration on tenant well-being at the apartment, complex, and community levels, and to inform future policies. Method Based on a systems approach and theory of change models, we developed a mixed methods quasi-experimental before-and-after outcomes evaluation frameworks, with control groups, for three public housing sites. This evaluation design had flexibility to accommodate real-world complexities, inherent in evaluating large-scale public health interventions, while maintaining scientific rigor to realize the full effects of interventions. Results Three evaluation frameworks for housing were developed. The evaluation at the apartment level confirmed proof of concept and viability of the framework and approach. This also showed that minor draught-stopping measures had a relatively big impact on indoor temperature and thermal comfort, which subsequently informed healthy housing standards. The complex and community-level evaluations are ongoing due to longer regeneration timeframes. Conclusion Public housing is one of central government’s larger social sector interventions, with Kāinga Ora – Homes and Communities the largest Crown entity. Evaluating public housing policies is important to develop an evidence base to inform best practice, rational, decision-making policy for the public as well as the private sector.
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홍성진. "Legislative policy proposal for housing sector based on the public concept of land." Dankook Law Riview 42, no. 2 (2018): 85–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.17252/dlr.2018.42.2.003.
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Nasution, Zein Lokot. "Policy Scheme for Housing Provision in Improving Welfare: A Case Study on ASN (State Civil Apparatus)." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 17, no. 1 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v17i1.9429.
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Provision of decent and affordable housing in Indonesia has been faced with difficulty due to lower level of housing accessibility from the housing schemes submitted to the free market. Limited access to housing presents a significant impact on low level of community welfare. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the proper housing provision policy scheme in improving the welfare of the community. This study raises the case of ASN as one of the with no home ownership, especially for ASN with low rank / class. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis, housing provision is advised to address the preferences of beneficiaries, including priorities such as: (i) housing provision acessing proximity to public services; (ii) housing provision acessibility to work location; and (iii) specifications for housing provision adjusted to rank / class level. The conclusion which can be withdrawn in the ASN case bears theconcept of providing housing considering the four principles of: propriety, fairness, rationality, and conformity. The finding of this study is expected to provide a modeling concept for housing provision policy in accordance with the principle of equal access to public
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Tomal, Mateusz. "Moving towards a Smarter Housing Market: The Example of Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020683.
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Cities are currently undergoing vast changes, which have very significant implications for the functioning of the housing market. In particular, it should be stated that the traditional residential market, in imitation of the smart city concept, is becoming increasingly smarter. This smartness can be expressed in four dimensions: the “automatic” rental housing market; innovative digital platforms in the traditional housing market; innovative policies and housing models; and the ability to forecast demand on the housing market, which together form the so-called smart housing concept. On this basis, this study attempted to assess empirically the smartness of the residential markets in Polish provincial capitals. Firstly, after a thorough analysis of digital housing portals, official websites of Polish provincial capitals and public statistics data, the smart housing concept was operationalised in all its dimensions by defining appropriate indicators measuring its level in a given city. Then, using the zero unitarization and entropy weight methods, followed by a no-pattern synthetic measure, a comprehensive smart housing index was obtained for each city investigated. Research results showed that there is a large degree of variation in the level of smartness of the housing markets in the examined cities. Furthermore, the analysis also indicates that the economic dimension of the smart city concept and the co-working concept are the main driving forces behind the development of smart residential markets. In addition, the study reveals that the implementation of the smart housing concept has a positive impact on the quality of life of city inhabitants.
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Rinne, Samuli, and Sanna Syri. "A concept to combine the different housing alternative advantages." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 5 (2016): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2015-0079.
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Purpose – A dense urban structure cuts down traffic emissions. It also promotes waste heat use and storage possibilities as a form of district heating. However, quality elements associated with detached houses, such as tranquillity and self-expression possibilities, may be lost. Better building quality and alternatives to private car use can enable these elements in smaller spaces, which is assessed here. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A technology set for an imaginary high-quality (HQ) apartment house is discussed by assessing increased embedded energy of the building structure, due to the HQ measures. HQ solutions include visual barriers, increased sound insulation, roof terraces, large windows, apartment adaptability, bike sheds, electrical cargo bikes and advanced energy solutions. Findings – The increased construction and heating energy use in HQ buildings can be offset if car use is reduced by 10-15 per cent. There is a greater possibility of achieving this reduction if HQ housing can make urban densification more readily acceptable by demonstrating, that good quality housing can exist both in smaller building lots as well as in smaller apartments. Originality/value – The quality issue brings a novel perspective to estimating the environmental impacts of built environment solutions. The approach here is quite simple, but the issue can be discussed more. That is, how much total resource input can be decreased, if the target is not to produce square metres but rather the necessary elements to have a good quality of life.
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Brzezicka, Justyna, Radosław Wiśniewski, and Agnieszka Napiórkowska-Baryła. "Libertarian Paternalism and Self-Government Housing Policy in Poland." Olsztyn Economic Journal 11, no. 2 (2016): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.2911.
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The article pertains to the issue of libertarian paternalism in relation to public housing policy in Poland. Libertarian paternalism is an idea developing on behavioral grounds, the main task of which is ensuring paternalistic protection and social care by the government and local self-government administrative organs, while at the same time maintaining the society's freedom of choice and increasing social-economic well-being. In the article, the issue of libertarian paternalism is described, a set of instruments of the described concept is implemented for purposes of working out solutions to problems connected with the housing policy of territorial self-government units in Poland (communes), and the proposed solutions validated in a post-socialist country. The work is of a conceptual-remedial character. Within it, selected tools in the scope of behaviorally informed interventions, serving to implement solutions that increase the effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operations of public organizations under conditions of dynamic decentralizing changes, have been indicated. The most important conclusions arising from the deliberations carried out make it possible to look at housing policy in Poland through a prism of a modern market economy.
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Rahmayati, Yenny. "Reframing “building back better” for post-disaster housing design: a community perspective." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 7, no. 4 (2016): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2015-0029.
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Purpose This study aims to reframe the common concept of post-disaster reconstruction “building back better”, especially in the context of post-disaster housing design. Design/methodology/approach An Aceh post-tsunami housing reconstruction project is used as a case study with qualitative methodology through in-depth interviews of selected respondents. Findings The study findings have shown that the term “building back better” is not a familiar term for housing recipients. Whichever different personal background post-disaster survivors come from, whether they are housewife, civil servant, fisherman, university student, businessman or a professional, none have ever heard this phrase. All found it hard to understand the term. This study argues that the “building back better” concept is good in policy but not working in practice. As a result, housing recipients not only were dissatisfied with their new houses but also found that the new housing configurations profoundly altered their traditional way of life. In light of these findings, the paper argues that the concept of “building back better” needs to be reframed to take account of the cultural individual and communal needs and wants of post-disaster survivors. Research limitations/implications This study discusses only one aspect of post-disaster reconstruction that is the design of housing reconstruction. Practical implications Results from this study provide a practical contribution for reconstruction actors especially designers, architects and planners. It helps them to reconsider the common concepts they have used for post-disaster reconstruction processes particularly in designing housing reconstruction projects. Originality/value This study focuses on the question of how tsunami survivors in Aceh reacted to the design of their new post-tsunami houses and what they had done themselves to make their homes a better and nicer place to live within their own cultural needs. This study also sought to understand what motivated the opinions the respondents had about the design of housing reconstruction after the tsunami in Aceh generally. In addition, the study investigated whether survivors knew the phrase and the credo of “building back better” in a post-disaster context.
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Maltais, Danielle. "Leonard W. Kay and Abraham Monk (eds.). Congregate Housing for Elderly, Theoretical, Policy and Programmatic Perspectives. Haworth Press, 1991." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 15, no. 1 (1996): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800013362.
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ABSTRACTDespite its publication year (1991), this volume deserves the attention of facilitators and researchers in the field of gerontology interested in the issue of housing for the elderly in loss of independence. The authors discuss from different viewpoints the concept of congregate housing, a form of living which offers a minimum of support services to older adults with disabilities. The book consists of ten papers of debates, analyses and experiences which sensitize the reader to this alternate form of institutional housing. Without question, this volume is of great interest, and the quality of work from the researchers who contributed to the various articles noteworthy.
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Prayitno, Budi, Arif Kusumawanto,, and Didik Kristiadi,. "SKEMA INOVATIF PEMENUHAN KESEJAHTERAAN ATAS PAPAN." Jurnal Kawistara 6, no. 1 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.15487.
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This study uses cross-case analysis, this study aims to provide an innovation on housing policy which is frequently fail. Housing becomes a part of the basic needs for all citizen, especialy for those who have low incomes and poor citizens as mandated on the State constitution. The decentralization era is threathenedby a massive intervention of the Central Government which only creates the Local Government to be a charity chain and burden its potential innovation of both institutions and partnerships. Besides that, housing is a part of city. Therefore, it is necessary to build a strong relationship between fulfilling theneed of housing and the concept of urban planning
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Friedman, Rachel, and Gillad Rosen. "The face of affordable housing in a neoliberal paradigm." Urban Studies 57, no. 5 (2019): 959–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018818967.
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This article makes borrowed use of the ‘paradigm shift’ concept to explain the development and culmination of Israel’s neoliberal housing transformation. Using a mixed-method approach based chiefly on 60 interviews conducted with key players in Israel’s housing industry, we examine how a shift in authority over housing policy promoted two central ideas that reshaped the housing arena and urban space. We explore how these themes, specifically, construing housing in-affordability as a supply issue and defining its beneficiaries as the middle class, shaped key affordable housing mechanisms. These mechanisms include increasing the supply of general housing, small-size housing units and rentals. We also identify a parallel paradigm – a shadow paradigm – alongside the reigning neoliberal paradigm that is used as an intervention mechanism in times of crisis or during windows of opportunity. We demonstrate how the shadow paradigm addresses housing needs that cannot be met within the governing paradigm, for example, through the buyer’s price programme.
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Vaziri Zadeh, Alireza, Frank Moulaert, and Stuart Cameron. "Housing systems in the Global South: The relevance of the ‘social housing’ approach in meeting housing needs." plaNext - next generation planning 11 (July 2021): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24306/plnxt/74.
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This paper addresses the problem of accessing decent and affordable housing in the Global South, where the housing need is, in general, more problematic than in the Global North. The paper first identifies five distinctive characteristics of housing systems in the Global South as compared to those in the Global North. These include: (a) the diverse facets of global financialization; (b) the role of the developmentalist state; (c) the importance of informality; (d) the decisive role of the family; and (e) the rudimentary welfare systems. Given these features, the paper reflects on the concept and practices of social housing, particularly their appropriateness to deal with the housing problem in the Global South. The paper then addresses the question of whether the social housing approach is relevant for solving the contemporary housing needs in the Global South. It argues that social housing, redefined to better encompass the distinctive characteristics of housing systems in the Global South, is indeed a useful policy approach and can play a decisive role in satisfying unmet housing needs. Such an approach needs to take into account the great role of informality and family support systems and develop appropriate funding instruments and modes of institutionalization protecting housing rights and the quality of life.
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VAN HEES, SUSAN, KLASIEN HORSTMAN, MARIA JANSEN, and DIRK RUWAARD. "Meanings of ‘lifecycle robust neighbourhoods’: constructing versus attaching to places." Ageing and Society 38, no. 6 (2017): 1148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16001483.
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ABSTRACTIn Western welfare states, notions of age-friendly communities and ageing-in-place are increasingly important in new health policies. In the Netherlands, care reforms are modifying the former welfare state to be more participatory; local governments are seeking collaborative solutions. Municipalities and housing, care and welfare organisations in the southern part of the country developed the concept of ‘lifecycle robust neighbourhoods’, envisioned as places where older people can age-in-place. Although many scholars have used the concept ageing-in-place in their studies of neighbourhoods, we aim to unravel this concept further by exploring how this particular ageing policy plays out in practice. This paper explores what the development of ‘lifecycle robust neighbourhoods’ means in relation to notions of ageing-in-place and age-friendly communities. We used ethnography (interviews, observations and focus groups) to reveal how, on the one hand, the policy makers, housing, care and welfare directors and representatives of older people, as developers of ‘lifecycle robust neighbourhoods’ and, on the other hand, older people, give meaning to places to age-in-place. It becomes clear that ageing-in-place has a different meaning in policy discourses than in practice. While developers mainly considered place as something construable, older people emotionally attached to place through lived experiences.
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Ehlenz, Meagan M., and Constance Taylor. "Shared Equity Homeownership in the United States: A Literature Review." Journal of Planning Literature 34, no. 1 (2018): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412218795142.
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This article reviews the concept of shared equity homeownership (SEH) in the United States. The review examines the origins of the SEH model and its historic precedents. It considers the impetus for SEH, setting the discourse within the context of US housing policy and, specifically, low-income homeownership research. Subsequently, the review assesses the current state of SEH research, including the evidence associated with SEH as an affordable housing strategy, its application and challenges in the field, and gaps in the scholarly discourse.
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Gotham, Kevin Fox. "Racialization and the State: The Housing Act of 1934 and the Creation of the Federal Housing Administration." Sociological Perspectives 43, no. 2 (2000): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389798.
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Research examining the impact of corporate interests, state structures, and class contradictions on the state policy formation process has been dominated by three major theoretical perspectives: business dominance theory, state-centered theory, and Marxian structuralism. I argue that these existing perspectives pay insufficient attention to race and racial discrimination as a central component in the formulation and implementation of state policy. This article uses the concept of racialization to reframe existing theories of the state to explain the origin of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) through the Housing Act of 1934. As an integral component of New Deal legislation, the FHA was created for the purpose of salvaging the home building and finance industries that had collapsed during the Great Depression. I draw on government housing reports and analyses, real estate industry documents, and congressional testimony to examine the racial dynamic of the FHA's housing policies and subsidies. The analysis demonstrates the value of employing a racialization framework to account for the racial motivations surrounding the origin of state policies, the racial basis of corporate interests, and the impact of race and racial discrimination on the creation and development of state structures.
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Werner, Franziska, Annegret Haase, Nona Renner, Dieter Rink, Malena Rottwinkel, and Anika Schmidt. "The Local Governance of Arrival in Leipzig: Housing of Asylum-Seeking Persons as a Contested Field." Urban Planning 3, no. 4 (2018): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i4.1708.
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The article examines how the German city of Leipzig governs the housing of asylum seekers. Leipzig was a frontrunner in organizing the decentralized accommodation of asylum seekers when adopting its accommodation concept in 2012. This concept aimed at integrating asylum-seeking persons in the regular housing market at an early stage of arrival. However, since then, the city of Leipzig faces more and more challenges in implementing the concept. This is particularly due to the increasingly tight situation on the housing market while the number of people seeking protection increased and partly due to discriminating and xenophobic attitudes on the side of house owners and managers. Therefore, we argue that the so-called refugee crisis of 2015–2016 has to be seen in close interaction with a growing general housing shortage in Leipzig like in many other large European cities. Furthermore, we understand the municipal governing of housing as a contested field regarding its entanglement of diverse federal levels and policy scales, the diversity of stakeholders involved, and its dynamic change over the last years. We analyze this contested field set against the current context of arrival and dynamic urban growth on a local level. Based on empirical qualitative research that was conducted by us in 2016, Leipzig’s local specifics will be investigated under the umbrella of our conceptual framework of Governance of Arrival. The issues of a strained housing market and the integration of asylum seekers in it do not apply only to Leipzig, but shed light on similar developments in other European Cities.
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Adamec, Jakub, Svatava Janoušková, and Tomáš Hák. "How to Measure Sustainable Housing: A Proposal for an Indicator-Based Assessment Tool." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031152.
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Housing drives urban development and has a significant potential for contributing to sustainability. However, ample sustainability indicator sets fail to include relevant indicators of sustainable housing—assessment seems to be an underdeveloped topic. We chose the United Nations Geneva Charter on Sustainable Housing as a conceptual foundation for the proposed assessment tool. It addresses recent challenges by four defining principles and related rationales, thus forming a theoretical basis of sustainable housing. We applied both theoretical research (desk-top analysis) and qualitative research (an expert panel) to develop a comprehensive framework for sustainable housing and complemented it with relevant indicators. The proposed housing sustainability assessment tool (HSAT) explicitly advocates a holistic approach that seeks to balance the environmental, social, economic and institutional dimensions of sustainability; simultaneously, it includes an integrated concept of the building–community–locality. Hence, this article does not seek to redefine the sustainable housing definition or concept but to contribute to the development of a highly relevant indicator-based system for its assessment. This will ensure that correct and unambiguous messages are sent not only to policymakers but also investors, urban planners and finally also the citizens—the housing clients.
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Henning, Cecilia, Ulla Åhnby, and Stefan Österström. "Senior Housing in Sweden: A New Concept for Aging in Place." Social Work in Public Health 24, no. 3 (2009): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19371910802595307.
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Maltais, Danielle. "Leonard W. Kaye and Abraham Monk (eds.). Congregate Housing for Elderly, Theoretical, Policy and Programmatic Perspectives. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, 1991." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 14, no. 3 (1995): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800009168.
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ABSTRACTThough this is not a recent work (1991), it merits the attention of anyone who works in this field, as well as that of researchers in gerontology who are particularly interested in the issue of housing for elderly who have lost their autonomy. The authors of this book examine, from its numerous angles, the concept of congregate housing, a form of housing which provides a minimum of support services to elderly who are grappling with disabilities. Ten articles in the form of debates, analyses and real-life experiences allow readers to discover the complexity of this alternative to institutional living. The importance of this work cannot be denied, nor can the quality of the researchers who contributed to the various articles.
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Arthurson, Kathy, and Keith Jacobs. "A Critique of the Concept of Social Exclusion and its Utility for Australian Social Housing Policy." Australian Journal of Social Issues 39, no. 1 (2004): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2004.tb01161.x.
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Sharifzai, Mohammad Saraj, Keisuke Kitagawa, Ahmad Javid Habib, Mohammad Kamil Halimee, and Daishi Sakaguchi. "Investigation of Sustainable and Affordable Housing Policy Principles and Formulation Adoptable in Kabul City, Afghanistan." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p93.
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<p>In recent architectural and environmental research, principles of sustainability and affordability with respect to economic, environmental and social policies have been widely discussed on a worldwide scale. Urban housing planning can play a very important role in achieving sustainable growth and development by integrating ‘sustainable development principles’ into urban planning strategies, policies, programs and projects. In addition, affordability is at the heart of households’ efforts to improve their housing situation. It has been widely recognized that employment, income generation and access to housing are highly interrelated internationally. Housing affordability has become one of the dominant research topics in recent years. However, few studies have been undertaken to test the compatibility between affordable housing and sustainable housing. Sustainable and affordable development of housing, a basic unit of human settlement, is also a crucial component of social development in one community. It plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. The concept of shelter differs from individual to individual depending on culture, tradition, profession and way of living. Besides being a basic necessity, it is also a source of identity that has a significant effect on the overall psychological well being of the inhabitants. Sustainable-affordable habitat can be described as a way of developing and maintaining a living environment supporting human health (both physical and psychological), satisfying shelter needs, and protecting and preserving nature for future generations. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for defining housing problems from the perspective of the support of beneficiaries, and it seeks to analyze the effectiveness of Afghan national development policies in facilitating sustainable-affordable habitat across the country. The framework shows the interdependency of different aspects of sustainability in the process of housing development. It also sets out strategies and identifies policy initiatives required to realize the goal of sustainable-affordable habitat in Kabul. The principles developed in this paper can be generally applied and adopted in Afghanistan, a country that is less developed economically.<br />A fundamental understanding of these two issues is necessary to develop successful examples of this form of accommodation. Because of three decades of socioeconomic and political instability in Afghanistan, the country does not have a national housing policy. This paper tries to create the foundation for an Afghan national housing policy. This research reveals that the majority of Kabul residents are low- or medium-income earners that cannot afford housing produced under market conditions. This paper aims to identify suitable built forms for housing that is both affordable and environmentally sustainable. A series of case studies were conducted to investigate some of the best international forms to be adopted in practices at the national scale. The research is conducted qualitatively, and the required data is acquired from a site survey of Kabul, in addition to data from new World Bank and JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Master Plans. The result was the development of a framework that enables the assessment of the overall performance of various types of housing development. There is very little evidence that the present approach of housing provision linked to the vagaries of market forces has provided affordable housing, especially for government employees and low-income citizens. There is a need to incorporate social housing into a policy to assist people who cannot provide their own housing needs.</p>
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King, Andrew, and Paul Stoneman. "Understanding SAFE Housing – putting older LGBT* people’s concerns, preferences and experiences of housing in England in a sociological context." Housing, Care and Support 20, no. 3 (2017): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-04-2017-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to put the findings of the Secure, Accessible, Friendly and Equal (SAFE) Housing study, which explored older LGBT* people’s housing concerns, preferences and experiences, in a sociological context. Design/methodology/approach The SAFE Housing study was based on a mixed methods research design that included focus groups and an online survey conducted in two areas of England. The paper draws heavily on the theoretical concept of social capital to help to understand and explain the findings. Findings Findings are grouped into three broad themes: safety, comfort and trust; connections and community; and imagining the future. Originality/value This is the first time that an older LGBT housing study has used social capital theory to interpret its findings. This shows how a focus on issues of trust, social networks and connections is expedient to avoid reductive approaches in research, policy and practice to older LGBT* people’s housing choices, preferences and expectations that concentrate on the individual.
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Murray Svidronova, Maria, Beata Mikušová Meričková, and Juraj Nemec. "Inclusion by Co-Production of Social Housing: The Slovak Experience." Central European Public Administration Review 17, no. 2 (2019): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2019.2.10.
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The field of social housing is one of many subjected to the potentials of co-production. Specifically, the Sustainable Development Goals target 11.1 is “By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums”. The current Slovak “State Housing Policy Concept to 2020”, among others, defines specific objectives, e.g. increasing or at least maintaining the same share of public expenditure on housing, introducing a new housing allowance, and supporting the development of the non-profit sector in housing provision. The goal of this article is to investigate to what extent co-production – as joint working of the public, private for profit and private not-for profit sectors – has the capacity to address the gap in the provision of social housing in the Slovak Republic. Using the method of case study, the scale and forms of co-production in social housing are investigated and the key factors and barriers of co-production in this area are analysed. The authors suggest that co-production of social housing is the most efficient method of delivery of social housing, improves sustainability, and helps to include the beneficiaries into society. However, this approach requires extra energy from the stakeholders – especially from public officials – and is thus still rarely used in practice.
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Dixon, Tim. "Measuring the Social Sustainability of New Housing Development: A Critical Review of Assessment Methods." Journal of Sustainable Real Estate 11, no. 1 (2019): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22300/1949-8276.11.1.16.
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Social sustainability is a growing area of debate in the built environment, particularly in relation to housing. Homebuilders in the United Kingdom have responded to organizational and policy drivers by developing ex post assessment frameworks to measure the social sustainability of new housing development. In this paper, I offer a critical perspective of these frameworks by: (1) examining the origins of the concept of social sustainability at the neighborhood level; (2) analyzing the critical challenges and research questions about social sustainability that the underlying methodologies raise; and, (3) how such frameworks might be improved and developed further.
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Ki, Donghwan, and Sugie Lee. "Spatial Distribution and Location Characteristics of Airbnb in Seoul, Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (2019): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154108.
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The popularity of the sharing economy, including organizations such as Airbnb and Uber, has increased rapidly over the last few years. Regarding Airbnb, several studies have demonstrated potential problems related to it, such as rising housing costs and worsening residential environments. Despite its popularity and possibility of problems, however, the locational characteristics of Airbnb have not been thoroughly examined in the urban planning and public policy fields. Therefore, this study analyzed the locational characteristics of Airbnb in Seoul and identified potential problems in urban planning. First, we analyzed an operation status of Airbnb in terms of the commercial host. After that, we identified spatial distributions of Airbnb and examined influential factors that affected the locational characteristics of Airbnb using a negative binomial regression model. The results of this study are as follows. First, a considerable number of units were operated by commercial hosts, in contrast to the original concept of Airbnb as being part of the sharing economy. This finding indicates that there would be a potential conflict between Airbnb businesses and housing policy in urban areas. Second, Airbnb units were mainly located in residential areas, especially around multiplexes and townhouses. This finding indicates that Airbnb may decrease the availability of housing in the housing market. Third, Airbnb units were located preferentially in areas adjacent to universities or subway stations, as well as in areas with high ratios of single-person households. Considering these characteristics of Airbnb and the directions of government housing policy, urban scholars and policymakers should pay close attention to the potential conflict between the spatial distributions of Airbnb units and housing policies.
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Ezennia, Ikenna Stephen, and Sebnem Onal Hoskara. "Exploring the Severity of Factors Influencing Sustainable Affordable Housing Choice: Evidence from Abuja, Nigeria." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205792.
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It is a shared global experience that a house which is already expensive will become even more costly. This experience is partly because housing supply has always failed to satisfy demand. In many developing countries, the issues of affordable housing supply center on shortage and poor distribution. Recent studies on this subject reveal that distribution-related problems can be addressed through choice reconciliations. Therefore, understanding how housing affordability problems affect housing choice enables a broader interpretation of the issue. Thus, critical in housing policy making and implementation, as well as towards sustainable development/delivery of affordable housing programs. In Nigeria, housing choice has never been investigated, neither has it been studied within the framework of sustainability. It is not a common strategy to incorporate sustainability into the concept of affordable housing choice. However, integrating sustainability into the concept of affordable housing choice allows for the introduction of wide-ranging and broader criteria such as environmental and social factors, which are routinely neglected in housing choice literature. Therefore, this study aims at filling this literature gap by identifying the determinants of sustainable affordable housing choice (SAHC) in the study area. The purpose is to establish the severity of the identified factors based on respondents’ perception and discuss the agreement levels amongst the three respondent groups. Regarding this, a comprehensive list of 43 different factors contributing to SAHC were determined through a systematic literature review. Based on which a survey of 83 affordable housing applicants, 102 and 69 residents of affordable housing estate and shantytown respectively, was performed. Through statistical analysis, results reveal that the factors affecting SAHC cuts across economic, social and environmental dimensions. Also, there is an agreement (correlation) by each group and the overall ranking of all participants. The tests confidence level for all inferential statistics was 95%, which implies 0.05 level of significance. These figures indicate that the data were obtained from the same population and points to the relatedness of factors identified. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the 43 different factors were narrowed down to seven. The study findings show that “Housing price in relation to income” and “rental price in relation to income” are the most severe factors with relatively high overall scoring, which is consistent with similar studies in this domain. However, it was uncovered that respondents placed high priorities on other non-economic factors like security (safety), housing location and building type. The study presents an interesting topic, usually unexplored in the field of decisions and public policy. It argues that at present, the housing affordability concerns and affordable housing choice determinants in the study area cannot be restrictedly defined in economic terms. Our findings build on previous studies and reiterate the need to consider a broader view towards affordable housing problem. It offers salient information to stakeholders and real estate companies, which could aid sustainable development/delivery of housing projects that are affordable.
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Fieuw, Walter, and Diana Mitlin. "What the experiences of South Africa’s mass housing programme teach us about the contribution of civil society to policy and programme reform." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 1 (2017): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817735768.
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Experiences of apartheid in South Africa have resulted in the association of shelter with citizenship, adding significance to the concept of “home”. This paper reviews experiences with grassroots efforts to make the government’s housing policy and programme more effective in addressing the needs of the urban poor. The experiences offer lessons relevant within and beyond South Africa. First, collaboration between state and civil society has been possible and has added substantively to the effectiveness of state programming. But, with a multiplicity of government agencies, the context is difficult. Housing construction has been constrained by delayed subsidy payments, and by a professionalization that limits opportunities for low-income residents. Second, community initiatives have had multiple incremental and positive influences on state policy and programmes, but substantive progress requires government adopting a more inclusive policy. Civil society agencies remain ambitious about the potential for securing substantive transformation, but this remains a work in progress.
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Wadu Mesthrige, Jayantha, and Siu Leung Cheung. "Critical evaluation of ‘ageing in place’ in redeveloped public rental housing estates in Hong Kong." Ageing and Society 40, no. 9 (2019): 2006–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19000448.
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AbstractThe tremendous growth in the ageing population over the past two decades has compelled the Hong Kong government to reformulate its housing policy by redeveloping and incorporating certain age-friendly housing design elements and facilities into the public housing schemes built in the post-war period. This research investigates whether these introduced design elements and facilities satisfy the numerous special needs of the seniors in line with the concept of ‘ageing in place’. Data were collected from 224 seniors through a comprehensive questionnaire survey in four large-scale redeveloped public rental housing estates. Using three designated built environment dimensions, namely micro, meso and macro, the results revealed that senior tenants were generally satisfied with the present living environments (in all the three scales) in the estates. At the micro-scale, seniors were satisfied with the level of privacy and sense of autonomy derived from the present design features in their homes. For the meso-scale, the study revealed that the seniors were particularly satisfied with the design elements such as convenient transportation and accessibility, including convenient walkways. At the macro-scale, the community care service is deemed important for seniors’ wellbeing. However, more attention is needed on safety measures in interior and shower areas, public seating in common areas and provision of sufficient community care services. This study provides insights for policy makers and development authorities on elderly housing provision.
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Stephens, Christine, Ágnes Szabó, Joanne Allen, and Fiona Alpass. "Livable Environments and the Quality of Life of Older People: An Ecological Perspective." Gerontologist 59, no. 4 (2018): 675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny043.
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Abstract Background and Objectives The WHO “Framework for Policy for Healthy Ageing’ (2015) focuses on the broader environment and the support it provides for everyday functioning of older people. The concept of “livability” supports this framework by providing a conceptualization of environments that support good quality of life. Research Design and Methods This observational study used an ecological framework of livability to assess cross-sectional relationships between living environments and perceived quality of life among 4,028 respondents, aged 50–89 years who were surveyed in 2016. A 4-step hierarchical model regressed quality of life on individual resources (health, chronic conditions, SES), contextual variables (distance to health care; rural/urban setting), perceptions of housing and neighborhood environments (housing satisfaction, neighborhood quality, neighborhood social cohesion), and interactions between these levels of the ecological model. Results As predicted, housing and neighborhood perceptions contributed an additional 5% variance to the model which explained 49% of quality of life. There were significant interactions between the contextual variables and qualities of housing and neighborhood. Discussion and Implications These findings support the importance of material and social provisions of housing and neighborhoods to quality of life among older people. The ecological model highlights critical information provided by taking different levels of the environment and personal circumstances into account. The concept of “livability,” focusing on perceptions of the environment, can assist a shift from seeking the universal ideal neighborhood toward understanding the ways in which different communities may achieve quality of housing and neighborhood facilities that meet community members’ needs.
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Labonte, Ronald. "Healthy Public Policy in Canada: A Survey of Ontario Health Professionals." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 9, no. 4 (1989): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/efw1-bp4v-hvx1-mn37.
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“Healthy public policy” has become a catchphrase of the “new” health promotion. The concept, however, remains vague and lacking in practice. A survey of Ontario public health workers was conducted in June 1988, using the World Health Organization's Second Health Promotion Conference Declaration on Healthy Public Policy as a source of policy statements and action areas. Results are constrained by a low response rate (22.5%, N = 180), but indicate a high degree of support for healthy public policy concepts by senior level public health workers. Social environment policy issues (notably child poverty and unaffordable housing) are highest ranked priority issues, although physical environment (pollution) ranked most important when respondents were asked to choose a single issue. Lifestyle health issues are relatively low-ranked, although they remain priorities for action by respondents and their employers. The Canadian and Ontario Public Health Associations are thought to have the best analyses of healthy public policies, but are not seen as prominent policy actors. Government and media are considered weakest in their analysis of healthy public policy. Respondents' comments indicate a willingness to strengthen their role, and that of their health associations, in advocacy for healthy public policies.
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Burlotos, Christianos, Tracy L. Kijewski-Correa, and Alexandros A. Taflanidis. "The Housing Market Value Chain: An Integrated Approach for Mitigating Risk in Informal Residential Construction in Haiti." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 8006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198006.
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Access to dignified housing represents a critical challenge for many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Technical and economic constraints frequently lead homeowners in these countries toward incrementally-constructed homes, which are often proven deadly when exposed to seismic or meteorological hazards. This paper offers a holistic analysis of the informal residential construction industry contextualized in Léogâne, Haiti, the effective epicenter of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and offers an implementation framework geared towards integrating the housing delivery process to accommodate more resilient typologies. First, the concept of the housing ecosystem is introduced, and a thorough analysis of the technical, economic, and political factors that constrain this ecosystem in Haiti is presented. The defining elements of the resulting residential construction industry are then discussed: An informal blend of Design-Build and Master Builder methods of project delivery for incrementally-constructed (and largely masonry) permanent homes. The housing ecosystem is then redefined as a seven-step housing market value chain, and interventions to further strengthen and integrate this value chain are presented for each of the seven steps. Interventions are grounded in analogous contexts and refactored specifically for the Haitian case study scenario through extensive co-creation with stakeholders in Haiti. Particular focus is given to the Léogâne Community Building Fund, a concept designed to democratize housing finance for low to middle-income groups. When implemented in an integrated fashion, risks across this housing market value chain are effectively mitigated to sustainably deliver dignified housing through a market-based approach suitable for Haiti and extensible to other LMICs.
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Lysyak, Natalya, and Yana Pecherytsya. "Spatial exclusion in Ukraine: problems and prerequisites." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 2(142) (2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-2-5.
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The article comprehends the phenomenon of spatial exclusion for the conditions of Ukraine. The existing concepts and approaches to the definition of exclusion are analyzed. Spatial exclusion is interpreted as a phenomenon when part of space (territory) limited in use for economic activities of society (inhabitants of the territory) expresses physical, economic, legal, social, political, and other types of restrictions. The concept includes mechanisms, processes, and elements that lead to restrictions in terms of the use of territories: accessibility, restrictions on obtaining economic benefits from the use of spatial resources, declining living conditions of the population. On the basis of legal norms, theoretical provisions, as well as spatial situations that arise in the field of spatial planning in Ukraine, many signs of spatial exclusion have been formed. They are concentrated in violation of the legal provisions of the use of territories; the system of spatial resources management of the territorial community; the uneven localization of investment in space; housing construction and housing policy; inconsistencies in urban planning documentation and strategies for socio-economic development of territories. Some problems and processes are considered on the example of Ukrainian cities. The characteristic features of spatial exclusion and the possibility of applying the concept to regulate spatial policy in Ukraine are analyzed, in particular, spatial exclusion should be interpreted more broadly than certain restrictions arising from violations of laws or regulations. The issues of spatial and investment policy of the government, its understanding of the tasks of territorial development, transparency in decision-making are important. As a result of current mistakes of specialists and decisions focused on temporary benefits, conditions are created for the growth of the cost of solving urban problems in the future and the deterioration of the state of the environment.
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Loureiro, Maria Rita, Fernanda Lima-Silva, Adriana Veiga Aranha, and Felipe Calabrez. "Building policy capacity within contextual and political boundaries: an analysis of policies in fiscal and social areas in Brazil (1988/2016)." Revista do Serviço Público 71 (October 6, 2020): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v71i0.4056.
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The current debate on state capacity, despite practical relevance for policy-making and analytical advances in the last decades, is still permeated by several theoretical and methodological problems. Considering that a revised concept of policy capacity has analytical utility, this work has contributed to the literature in three interrelated ways. First of all, we work on the concept of state capacity, highlighting its specificities in regard to the generic notion of power. Secondly, this article shows the relevance of bringing contextual and political elements into the debate of capacity. Thirdly, it helps to establish clearer boundaries on this notion, marking its differences to concepts such as resources and results. Empirically, it analyzes policy capacity developments in areas that have expressed priorities in the governmental agenda in former Brazilian presidencies. In the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the focus is on the fiscal function of the state as a guarantor of credibility for investors, having as a case study the National Treasury Secretariat (STN), within the Ministry of Finance. In Lula's and Dilma's terms, the attention is the social area: the National Secretariat of Citizenship Income, within the Ministry of Social Development, and the National Secretariat of Housing, within the Ministry of Cities, both created at the beginning of the government Lula.
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Loureiro, Maria Rita, Fernanda Lima-Silva, Adriana Veiga Aranha, and Felipe Calabrez. "Building policy capacity within contextual and political boundaries: an analysis of policies in fiscal and social areas in Brazil (1988/2016)." Revista do Serviço Público 71, b (2020): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v71ib.4056.
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The current debate on state capacity, despite practical relevance for policy-making and analytical advances in the last decades, is still permeated by several theoretical and methodological problems. Considering that a revised concept of policy capacity has analytical utility, this work has contributed to the literature in three interrelated ways. First of all, we work on the concept of state capacity, highlighting its specificities in regard to the generic notion of power. Secondly, this article shows the relevance of bringing contextual and political elements into the debate of capacity. Thirdly, it helps to establish clearer boundaries on this notion, marking its differences to concepts such as resources and results. Empirically, it analyzes policy capacity developments in areas that have expressed priorities in the governmental agenda in former Brazilian presidencies. In the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the focus is on the fiscal function of the state as a guarantor of credibility for investors, having as a case study the National Treasury Secretariat (STN), within the Ministry of Finance. In Lula's and Dilma's terms, the attention is the social area: the National Secretariat of Citizenship Income, within the Ministry of Social Development, and the National Secretariat of Housing, within the Ministry of Cities, both created at the beginning of the government Lula.
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Yang, Hee Jin. "Spatio-Temporal Changes of Housing Features in Response to Urban Renewal Initiatives: The Case of Seoul." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 7918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197918.
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Over the past two decades, Seoul has been in a transitional period in terms of urban renewal approaches. Housing is a fundamental element of citizens’ lives and the built landscape, thus, it deserves thoughtful scrutiny. As such, this study empirically investigates the dynamics of the spatial and temporal characteristics of housing stock within the context of new urban renewal policies in Seoul. A fine-grained and multifaceted analysis shows that the supply of new apartments has decreased over time, revealing that denser housing redevelopment in the inner city has become more difficult. In addition, an exploratory spatial data analysis indicates that although spatial clustering of old housing units has been reduced, new housing units have become more spatially distributed and outwardly dispersed over time. Since the physical and locational changes of housing stock are closely related to urban renewal initiatives, this study suggests that the city government needs to incorporate the concept of sustainable urban growth management into its housing supply and renewal policies.
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Symon, P., and R. M. Walker. "A Consumer Perspective on Performance Indicators: The Local Housing Authority Reports to Tenants Regimes in England and Wales." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 13, no. 2 (1995): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c130195.
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Performance indicators were formally introduced into local authority housing management in England and Wales by Section 167(1) of the 1989 Local Government and Housing Act, which required local housing authorities to circulate annual Reports to Tenants (RTTs) containing information on performance indicators. In this paper, the background to the new regime is discussed, noting the absence of a consumer perspective on performance indicators in much of the research literature. There is an examination of the appropriateness of the concepts of client, customer, consumer, and citizen as descriptions of tenants. The reaction of tenants in England and Wales to the first year of RTTs is then discussed. The impact on tenants was minimal, and consumers did not use the information in the reports in the way central government might have hoped. The value to tenants of the growing number of RTTs regimes is questioned. The paper concludes with a criticism of the concept of tenants as consumers in the context of RTTs regimes, and points to the inherent conflicts within these regimes.
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Barilovska, Taisiia. "Theoretical aspects of the housing contract." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.81.
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The article highlights the features of the residential lease agreement and its types. Particular attention is paid to the residential lease agreement, the subject of which has been individually owned by citizens.
 Subject to the Constitution of Ukraine the right to housing is one of the most important human rights, therefore, the state must protect this right. Modern legal regulation of housing relations proceeds from the fact that housing is a need of the citizens, which becomes a problem for the citizens themselves, although the solution of the housing problem is still proclaimed as one of the priority areas of the state policy. Constantly rising housing prices, declining volume of its construction, low incomes – it all leads to the fact that the purchase of an apartment or even a room remains just a dream, impossible even in the distant future, for most Ukrainians.
 Public housing has not yet fulfilled its function of providing constitutional social guarantees for housing rights, primarily for low-income groups. The objective reason for the slow progress in it is the protracted and deep economic crisis in Ukraine, the actual refusal of the state to fulfill its earlier commitments to improve the citizens’ housing conditions, as well as a radical change in Ukraine’s housing policy. It is necessary to create socially acceptable mechanisms aimed at encouraging citizens with sufficient income to improve housing conditions at the expense of the housing market and at implementing new principles for providing social housing to and using it by low-income groups who need better housing conditions.
 The analysis of the social residential lease agreement shows that it is a legal institution on the edge between the fields of civil and administrative law. In a broader sense, the social residential lease agreement is an important element of the system of social protection of citizens, and in this context it can be characterized as some obligation of the state to guarantee a life-long right to housing. The question is only how one can integrate a legal institute, taken from the former socialist legal system, into an existing legal system.
 In the course of the research, the concept of the "residential lease agreement" has also been revealed, the types of residential lease agreements have been examined, the features of this agreement as an object of private property and the procedure for rendering services under the agreement have been clarified.
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Ejigu, Alazar G., and Tigran Haas. "Sustainable Urbanism: Moving Past Neo-Modernist & Neo-Traditionalist Housing Strategies." Open House International 39, no. 1 (2014): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2014-b0002.
Full textAbstract:
The growing alienation of modernist public housing estates and their ethnically and socially excluded residents, as well as the neglected human potential-capital they symbolize (not social burden), is a grotesque expression of the failure of a system driven by the profit motive and failed housing, planning and social policy, rather than by the requirement to satisfy sustainable urbanism and dignified and just housing for all. The modernist concept of architecture & urban planning, which emerged in response to a very particular set of regional circumstance, spread throughout the world in the 20th century. The result, where the idea was simplistically accepted, had disastrous consequences. The postmodernist approach on the other hand has given up altogether on the social agenda of architecture and housing. Paying particular attention to housing, this paper discusses the contrasting results of modernist and –or post modernist planning approaches in housing and its consequences. It also looks at the rather recent Sustainable Urbanism paradigm and the possibility that it might offer as an alternative or a new complement to housing planning and design; this in contrast to the modernist satellite-suburban generic type of living in most major European cities as well as in the developing countries. The study is based on multiple methods which include, descriptive and exploratory qualitative approach (observation, introspection, analysis and deduction), as well as Futurescape Method of selected cases in the American Housing Program HOPE VI, and from ethnographic survey of an ongoing large scale housing program in Ethiopia known as Integrated Housing Development Program (IHDP).