Relevant bibliographies by topics / How Civil Wars End

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'How Civil Wars End'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "How Civil Wars End"

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Mason, T. David, and Patrick J. Fett. "How Civil Wars End." Journal of Conflict Resolution 40, no. 4 (1996): 546–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002796040004002.

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Stein, Charles M., and Roy Licklider. "Stopping the Killing: How Civil Wars End." Contemporary Sociology 23, no. 3 (1994): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075331.

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Johnson, Douglas H., Roy Licklider, Mansour Khalid, John Garang, and Mansour Khalid. "Stopping the Killing. How Civil Wars End." International Journal of African Historical Studies 29, no. 1 (1996): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221435.

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Spaulding, Jay, and Roy Licklider. "Stopping the Killing: How Civil Wars End." African Economic History, no. 24 (1996): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601860.

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Cohen, Eliot A., and Roy Licklider. "Stopping the Killing: How Civil Wars End." Foreign Affairs 73, no. 6 (1994): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20046952.

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Mason, T. David. "International Relations Theory and How Civil Wars End." International Interactions 35, no. 3 (2009): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050620903084885.

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Howard, Lise Morjé, and Alexandra Stark. "How Civil Wars End: The International System, Norms, and the Role of External Actors." International Security 42, no. 3 (2018): 127–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00305.

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Historically, civil wars ended in one-sided victory. With the end of the Cold War, however, the very nature of how civil wars end shifted: wars became two times more likely to terminate in negotiated settlement than in victory. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the proportion of victories has increased, especially for civil wars that include a terrorist group; wars are also ending less frequently. Why would civil war termination vary by time period? The literature on civil wars looks to three basic types of causes: domesticstructural factors, bargaining dynamics, and types of
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KALYVAS, STATHIS N., and LAIA BALCELLS. "International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict." American Political Science Review 104, no. 3 (2010): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000286.

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Because they are chiefly domestic conflicts, civil wars have been studied primarily from a perspective stressing domestic factors. We ask, instead, whether (and how) the international system shapes civil wars; we find that it does shape the way in which they are fought—their “technology of rebellion.” After disaggregating civil wars into irregular wars (or insurgencies), conventional wars, and symmetric nonconventional wars, we report a striking decline of irregular wars following the end of the Cold War, a remarkable transformation of internal conflict. Our analysis brings the international s
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Dorn, A. Walter, and Robin Collins. "Peacekeeping works: The UN can help end civil wars." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 1 (2020): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020917167.

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Despite some harsh criticisms of United Nations (UN) peace operations, research demonstrates that many UN missions are successful, though evaluations depend on how success is defined. Even UN missions that fail in one or more aspects provide a net benefit to peace processes and help to save lives and alleviate human suffering. While an understanding of the flaws and limitations of peace operations can help improve the operations, some unfair criticism must be directly challenged. For instance, contrary to critiques in a recent paper by Séverine Autesserre, the UN has helped end civil wars, and
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Licklider, Roy. "The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945–1993." American Political Science Review 89, no. 3 (1995): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082982.

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We know very little about how civil wars end. Harrison Wagner has argued that negotiated settlements of civil wars are likely to break down because segments of power-sharing governments retain the capacity for resorting to civil war while victory destroys the losers' organization, making it very difficult to resume the war. An analysis of a data set of 91 post-1945 civil wars generally supports this hypothesis but only in wars over identity issues. Moreover, while military victories may be less likely to break down than negotiated settlements of identity civil wars, they are also more likely t
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "How Civil Wars End"

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Ranstad, Anders. "Hur inbördeskrig slutar : En upprepande studie av ”How Civil Wars End: A Rational Approach” på inbördeskrig mellan 1992-2007." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106589.

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Världen har genom historien formats och stöpts om av krig och konflikter. Dagens globala värld är inget undantag med inbördeskrig som ett ständigt återkommande fenomen. Våldsyttringar inom stater har sedan andra världskriget varit den största källan till konflikter och bidrar med flest antal offer. Inbördeskrig har drabbat en tredjedel av världens länder under 1900- talet och en femtedel har upplevt minst 10 år av inbördeskrig från 1960. Konflikter runt om i världen påverkar den internationella politiken och hur alla människor lever, och god kunskap om konflikters struktur är därmed ytterst vi
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Hörner, Melker. "Harvesting an underdeveloped fruit : How decapitation affects ripeness in civil wars." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432101.

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How does the killing or capture of rebel leaders affect the ends of conflict? Although decapitation scholars argue that it reduces the duration of conflict by disrupting rebel group organizational capacity, few have ever researched what effects decapitations could have on peace negotiations. After reviewing the literature within the field of decapitation and the ripeness theory of negotiation this paper tests the hypothesis that Successful decapitations are likely to increase the duration of time it takes for the government to agree on seeking a negotiated end to their conflict. This small n-s
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Klaas, Brian Paul. "Bullets over ballots : how electoral exclusion increases the risk of coups d'état and civil wars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2492d39d-522f-494e-9549-28b3f6fc7db3.

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Does banning opposition candidates from ballots increase the risk that they will turn to bullets instead? Globally, since the end of the Cold War, blatant election rigging tactics (such as ballot box stuffing) are being replaced by 'strategic rigging': subtler procedural manipulations aimed at winning while maintaining the guise of legitimacy in the eyes of international observers. In particular, incumbents (in regimes stuck between democracy and authoritarianism) are turning to 'electoral exclusion', neutralizing key rivals by illegitimately banning certain candidates, in turn reducing the ne
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Raddatz, Rosalind. "Blood, Sweat, and Canapés: Assessing Negotiators and Their Tactics to End the Liberian and Sierra Leonean Civil Wars." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34185.

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Current political research on peace negotiations is fundamentally incomplete because it lacks the capacity to explain individual intents, choices and actions. This dissertation asks what impact individual negotiators, their approaches and choices of tactics have on peace talks and their outcomes. Individual people—be they representatives of rebel groups, non-governmental organisations or states—negotiate peace agreements. Consequently, an examination of individual motivations and actions in negotiations yields important knowledge. A fuller understanding of political negotiations, negotiato
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Rio, Tinto Daniel. "Tracing the security dilemma in civil wars : how fear and insecurity can lead to intra-state violence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7713/.

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The security dilemma mechanism has been widely used to explain interstate conflict since its original conceptualisation in the 1950s, but it has been applied to the study of civil wars only since the early 1990s. Despite valiant attempts, major theoretical gaps remain unaddressed in the literature, the most important of which is the missing link between the security dilemma and the outbreak of armed violence. This thesis intends to fill this gap, employing process tracing methodology on the post- independence civil wars that erupted in Angola and Mozambique after the collapse of the Portuguese
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Longoni, Gian Marco. "How civil conflicts end: Fragmented and competitive armed oppositions and the outcomes of civil conflicts (1989-2017)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/315015.

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In the last three decades, civil conflicts have become more complex and intractable than in the past. One reason for this development is the proliferation of rebel groups within the armed oppositions involved in these conflicts. Today, armed oppositions are more likely to be movements composed of loosely connected or competing rebel groups rather than unitary blocs. Yet, despite their centrality to the dynamics of conflict, different structural characteristics of and competitive and power relations within armed oppositions have not been taken in adequate account as possible predictors of civil
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Mitchell, Jennifer. "Civilian victimisation in the Tajik civil war : how the Popular Front won the war and ruined the nation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/civilian-victimisation-in-the-tajik-civil-war(65928b07-ce61-4ea9-a87d-e9d6744a6702).html.

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This dissertation investigates the question of why non-state armed forces target civilians, given the normative taboos against killing noncombatants and the potential for counterproductive strategic outcomes. It also analyses the effects of civilian victimisation on short-term conflict dynamics and longterm state security. Utilising the strategic approach, it constructs an original model of targeting incentives and strategic outcomes, and applies this analytical framework to the Tajik civil war and its victor, the Popular Front of Tajikistan (PFT). Its central findings from the case study are:
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Arandia, Sebastian Rene. "Burden of the Cold War: The George H.W. Bush Administration and El Salvador." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8861.

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At the start of the George H.W. Bush administration, American involvement in El Salvador‘s civil war, one of the last Cold War battlegrounds, had disappeared from the foreign policy agenda. However, two events in November 1989 shattered the bipartisan consensus on US policy toward El Salvador: the failure of the FMLN‘s largest military offensive of the war and the murder of six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper, and her daughter by the Salvadoran military, the FAES. Despite more than one billion dollars in US military assistance, the war had stalemated, promoting both sides to seek a negotiate
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Books on the topic "How Civil Wars End"

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P, Taylor A. J. How wars end. Hamilton, 1985.

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How wars end. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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P, Taylor A. J. How wars end. H. Hamilton, 1985.

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Just peace: How wars should end. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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Kendrick, Paul. Douglass and Lincoln: How a revolutionary black leader and a reluctant liberator struggled to end slavery and save the Union. Walker & Company, 2008.

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Addison, Tony. By how much does conflict reduce financial development. United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2002.

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Workplace wars and how to end them: Turning personal conflicts into productive teamwork. American Management Association, 1994.

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Internal conflict and the international community: Wars without end? Ashgate, 2004.

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S, Hohwald Robert, ed. How America fought its wars: Military strategy from the American Revolution to the Civil War. Combined Pub., 1999.

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How wars end: Why we always fight the last battle : a history of American intervention from World War I to Afghanistan. Simon & Schuster, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "How Civil Wars End"

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Johnson, Carter R. "Can partition end an ongoing war?" In Partition and Peace in Civil Wars. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003131090-3.

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Johnson, Carter R. "How comprehensive partition facilitates peace." In Partition and Peace in Civil Wars. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003131090-2.

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Adebajo, Adekeye. "The Dog That Did Not Bark: Why Has Sierra Leone Not Returned to War After Peacekeepers Left?" In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_19.

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Abstract This chapter sets out to solve the mystery of why Sierra Leone has remained relatively stable 14 years after peacekeepers left the country in 2006, and 18 years after the end of a devastating 11-year civil war in which an estimated 70,000 people died. In doing so, Sierra Leone has defied the fate of so many fragile and conflict-prone states: it has not returned to war, as do more than half of all countries within only five years of a peace settlement. This despite myriad socio-economic challenges, of the kind that often leads to a recurrence of violence and unrest. In investigating this mystery, the chapter highlights how domestic, subregional, and external actors muddled through and improvised one of the rare peacebuilding success stories in Africa.
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"How Civil Wars End." In Disarming Conflict. Zed Books Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350219700.ch-003.

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"Chapter Eight. The American Civil War." In How Wars End. Princeton University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400831036-010.

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"How civil wars end (and recur)." In Routledge Handbook of Civil Wars. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203105962-39.

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Childs, Matt D. "Cuba, the Atlantic Crisis of the 1860s, and the Road to Abolition." In American Civil Wars. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631097.003.0011.

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Matt D. Childs’s essay shows how two key external events set the stage for abolition in Cuba. The Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862 between the United States and Britain banned participation by U.S. citizens in the Atlantic slave trade. An antislavery movement in Madrid pressured Spain to end its involvement in the trans-Atlantic slave trade as well, which meant an end to the replenishment of Cuba’s slave population. Then, in 1868, the revolutionary independence movement that began the Ten Years’ War promised freedom to slaves who joined the cause. In 1870, Spain countered with its own emancipation plan by promising freedom to all slaves who fought for Spain and to all children born to slave mothers.
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Cohn, Samuel. "The End Comes to Byzantium." In All Societies Die. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755903.003.0004.

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This chapter examines how the Byzantine Empire crested and began to fade under the rule of Basil II. When Byzantium lost wars, the emperor had to find some other way to pay for military and governmental expenses. Basil's innovation was to give the nobles tax relief rather than direct payment. He also got them to fight “for free” by letting them take land from smaller peasants. Increasing the size of nobles' estates increased the power of regional aristocrats. This gave them independent power bases, which increased their capacity to hold back resources from future wars — or to try to take over the empire for themselves. Civil wars and regional uprisings flourished. A particularly nasty civil war between 1341 and 1354 gutted Byzantium's military strength and led to gains by the Serbs, the Venetians, and the Genoese. While Constantinople did not disappear entirely, Byzantium did. Byzantium went from being a center of power, wealth, and culture to being a subordinate outpost of an Atlantic economy.
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Krcmaric, Daniel. "The Perverse Effect." In The Justice Dilemma. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750212.003.0004.

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This chapter investigates civil war duration and shows how culpable leaders respond to incentives to fight until the bitter end. It provides quantitative analysis that demonstrates civil wars last longer when culpable leaders are in power during the accountability era. It reviews a case study of Muammar Gaddafi during the 2011 Libyan revolution, which illustrates how the justice cascade has altered the decision calculus of culpable leaders. The chapter describes Gaddafi, who was unlike his peers during the impunity era, as he worried enough about an international prosecution to spurn the exile option. It recounts Gaddafi's decision to risk it all on the battlefield, which prolonged the Libyan conflict.
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Crowe, Justin. "The Civil War and Reconstruction." In Building the Judiciary. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691152936.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on the empowerment of the federal judiciary from the Compromise of 1850 (admitting California into the Union as a free state and unofficially signifying the beginning of the political crisis leading to the Civil War) to the Compromise of 1877 (settling the disputed 1876 presidential election between Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes and representing the formal end of Reconstruction). The chapter asks why judicial institution building was pursued, how it was accomplished, and what it achieved within the context of mid-nineteenth century American politics. It examines the role of Republicans in Civil War and Reconstruction era institution building and how it resulted in a significant expansion of federal judicial power. It also considers the four stages in which the substantial empowerment of the judiciary occurred during the period, including the consolidation of a Republican-friendly Supreme Court through ameliorative reforms aimed at specific problems of judicial performance.
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Conference papers on the topic "How Civil Wars End"

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"Recruits and Deserters – How Wars affect the Civil Administration in the Late Roman Empire." In Symposium of the Melammu Project. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/melammu10s331.

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Laird, Alastair. "Delivering Value for Money: Trust and Verify?" In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59253.

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Accurate estimates for national Environmental Management remediation work programs are an essential ingredient of ensuring that plans can be adequately funded. They also form the basis of value measurement as the work is executed on an annual or program basis. However, the inherent uncertainties of many of the Environmental Management (EM) and decommissioning tasks, both in terms of the technical challenges faced, options available, end states to be achieved; and the general risks and uncertainties associated with the hazard and its characterisation means that many estimates were always going
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Tuor, Nany, and Allen Schubert. "Lessons Learned at the Rocky Flats Closure Project and Their Applicability to the Emerging Cleanup of the United Kingdom’s Civil Nuclear Liabilities." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4784.

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The Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site is a former nuclear weapons production facility owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Located in central Colorado near Denver, the facility produced nuclear and non-nuclear components for weapons from 1953 to 1989. During this period, Rocky Flats grew to more than 800 facilities and structures situated on 2,500 hectares. Production activities and processes contaminated a number of facilities, soil, groundwater and surface water with radioactive and hazardous materials. In 1989, almost all radioactive weapons component production activities
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Richardson, Ian E. "The Complex Challenge of Repairing the Gantry Steelwork on the First Generation Magnox Storage Pond at Sellafield: Legacy Waste Storage, First Generation Magnox Storage Pond." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59133.

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This paper puts into context the challenges that were faced when repairing the Gantry Steelwork of the First Generation Magnox Storage Pond (FGMSP). The First Generation Magnox Fuel Storage Pond (FGMSP) provided fuel storage and decanning capability from the early 1960’s until 1986. A significant programme of work has been underway since the completion of operational activities to support the programmes strategic intent of retrieving and storing all legacy wastes, and remediating the structure of the plant to support decommissioning activities. A key enabler to the retrievals programme is the
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Kyffin, William, David Gandy, and Barry Burdett. "A Systematic Study of the Material Performance of Hot Isostatically Pressed Type 316L Stainless Steel Powder for the Civil Nuclear Sector." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81438.

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Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of type 316L stainless steel powder has been an established manufacturing practice for more than twenty-five years in the oil and gas sector and more recently in the naval defence sector. To demonstrate the capability of the powder metallurgy HIP (PM/HIP) for nuclear power applications a systematic study of 316L commercial powder production, encapsulation/consolidation providers and selected HIP parameters was undertaken by the Nuclear AMRC in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). In the study, the 316L powder specification limited the ox
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Tim, Stephen, Scott A. Webber, and Robert Luke. "Panel on: Engaging Communities: The Role of ICTs." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2737.

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It is estimated that by the end of 2005, over two billion human beings will be connected to each other through networked systems of mobile communications devices. By that time, the amount of communication that takes place between and among machines will exceed the amount of communication that takes place between and among human beings. It is important, therefore, that we focus our efforts on matching communications technology with societal needs. This panel examines the various ways that ICTs can engage, instruct and empower communities in the 21st century. The topics on this panel include: de
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Karapınar, Esra. "The Place of Central Asian Turkic Republics in the Global World." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00124.

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Globalization process which started at the end of nineteenth century and goes on at the present shows its impacts more in some countries or less in some other countries but this is a process that closes up countries, blots out authorities’ immunities, makes them become transparent, and strengthens socio-cultural, political and especially economic relations. After the terms of being introverted and self-sufficiency between First and Second World Wars, struggles to liberalized world trade have been accelerated since 1960, and good and service flows between countries grew both as a volume and val
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Wilson, James, Chris Currie, Michael Jones, and Lewis Davenport. "A Case Study Evaluating the Effects of High Cycle Thermal Loading Within a Pressurised Water Reactor Mixing Tee Using Conjugate CFD/FE Methods." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63233.

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In nuclear plant piping systems thermal fatigue damage can arise at locations where there is turbulent mixing of different temperature flows. The severity of this phenomenon is difficult to assess via plant instrumentation due to the high frequencies involved. NESC report EUR 22763 EN, published in 2007, defines the “Level 1” screening criterion for the design of austenitic stainless steel mixing tees, based on recorded incidents of fatigue cracking in civil power plants. The experimental data indicates that damage due to High Cycle Thermal Loading (HCTL) is unlikely to occur if the temperatur
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Pompidou, Stéphane, Marion Prinçaud, Nicolas Perry, and Dimitri Leray. "Recycling of Carbon Fiber: Identification of Bases for a Synergy Between Recyclers and Designers." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82106.

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In order to decrease both energy consumption and CO2 emissions, the automotive, aeronautics and aerospace industries aim at making lighter vehicles. To achieve this, composite materials provide good opportunities, ensuring high material properties and free definition of geometry. As an example, for cold applications, the use of carbon fiber/thermoset composites is ever increasing, in spite of a high fiber price. But in a global and eco-friendly approach, the major limitation for their use remains their potential recyclability. Recycling a composite means having a recycling technology available
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Reports on the topic "How Civil Wars End"

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employe
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McMillan, Caitilin, Anna Tonelli, and Kristina Mader. "Do Our Voices Matter?": An analysis of women civil society representatives’ meaningful participation at the UN Security Council. Oxfam, NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (NGOWG), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7116.

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Peace is made at home, in the streets, in our communities – and on the world stage. In all these spaces, women in all their diversity work to forge the conditions that make peace possible. Perhaps nowhere is this clearer than in conflict-affected countries, where diverse women’s organizations draw attention to human rights violations happening in wars, and offer alternative paths to peace. While women in civil society often lead the way in preventing and bringing an end to violence, they are not included meaningfully in peace and security decision-making, even at the UN Security Council (UNSC)
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P., BASTIAENSEN. Triage in the trenches, for the love of animals : a tribute to veterinarians in the First World War. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2018.nf.2883.

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On the occasion of the centenary of the First World War, remembered across the world from 2014 until the end of 2018, many aspects and experiences of this global conflict have been re-examined or brought to light for the first time, as we honour the memory of those estimated 16 million soldiers and civilians who perished in what was then known as the ‘Great War’, or the ‘War to End All Wars’. So many of these died on the infamous fields of Flanders, where Allied and Central Forces dug themselves into trenches for the better part of four years. Over the past few years, new research has brought
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