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Wood, Caroline. "Social psychological antecedents of intention to quit smoking." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593895.
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In 2008, the United Kingdom became one of the first countries in Europe to implement graphic anti-smoking warnings. However, at present there has been very little research to reveal insights into how UK smokers may perceive the warnings and what impact they might exert on smokers' intention to quit smoking. This thesis evaluated the effectiveness of graphic anti-smoking warnings from a social psychological perspective. A qualitative study (Study 1) was conducted to tap the phenomenology of smoking, to gain insight into how smokers may experience the warnings and to establish whether smokers believed that graphic warnings would motivate them to quit smoking. The existing literature in this area has ·identified several factors which may predict intention to quit following exposure to graphic warnings. This thesis tested whether the use of fear, either on its own or in interaction with other factors, encourages smokers to form intentions to quit smoking. Four studies (with an experimental 2- factorial design) were conducted to detennine the main and interaction effects of fear and information processing, fear and hypocnsy-induced dissonance and fear and self-efficacy on intentions to quit smoking. The studies consistently revealed no significant main or interaction effects of fear on intention. The only main effect that was observed was due to hypocrisy-induced dissonance. That is, following the implementation of the hypocrisy paradigm (Aronson, Fried and Stone, 1991), findings suggested that smokers who were made to feel highly hypocritical of their smoking behaviour were motivated to fonn greater intentions to quit smoking than those smokers in the low hypocrisy condition. Having considered a diverse range of psychological factors and their potential impact on intentions to quit smoking at the intra-personal level. the latter part of the thesis examined the impact of graphic warnings at the intergroup level. Specifically, three studies were conducted to test the potential effects of the graphic warnings in the context of the intergroup relationship between smokers and non-smokers. Two studies identified that graphic warnings led to the fonnation of negative non-smoker attitudes (e.g. blame) towards smokers. Furthennore, these attitudes were greatest amongst non-smokers with a strong just-world belie{ (Lerner, 1980). A final study questioned whether awareness of negative non-smoker attitudes would motivate smokers to form intentions to quit. Findings revealed that smokers asked to read a summary of negative non-smoker attitudes towards smoking who also agreed with its content, were encouraged to form the greatest intentions to quit smoking across all of the studies conducted for this thesis. Implications of these findings, study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Chung, Wai-ming. "A study on smokers' motivation to reduce and quit smoking /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36396734.
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Larson, Sharon R. "Factors influencing college seniors' intentions to quit cigarette smoking /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1879014071&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009."Department of Health Education and Recreation." Keywords: College, Intentions, Smoking cessation, Theory of planned behavior. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-128). Also available online.
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Larson, Sharon Rae. "Factors Influencing College Seniors' Intentions To Quit Cigarette Smoking." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/35.
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Although the adverse health effects of cigarette smoking are well known, many college students continue to initiate and maintain cigarette smoking. While some college students are making quit attempts, they have limited success. Past research has identified graduation as one life event around which college students plan to quit smoking. Therefore, the college senior may be at a reachable moment related to cessation interventions. It was one purpose of the present study to examine whether attitudes, self-efficacy, and subjective norms might influence a college senior's intention to quit smoking at graduation. Past research has also identified friends and peers as an influencing factor related to initiation and maintenance of student smoking. A second purpose was to examine the influence of peer group norms and strength of group identification on intentions to quit smoking among college seniors. The theory of planned behavior provided the theoretical framework for the study. Using a nonexperimental cross sectional design, data were collected from 573 undergraduate college seniors via a web-based survey. Sixty three percent of the respondents were female and thirty seven percent were male. Of respondents, 26.5% (n= 152) reported being current smokers (had smoked at least one cigarette in the last thirty days) and of the current smokers, 48.7% (n=74) were daily and 51.3% (n=78) were occasional smokers. Independent sample t–tests revealed that, although the original hypothesis (daily smokers would have more positive intentions toward quitting than nondaily smokers) was not supported, nondaily smokers did have more positive intentions to quit smoking than daily smokers. When intentions were examined by sex, no statistical difference was found between males and females in intentions to quit smoking at graduation. Multiple regression revealed that the attitude a smoker holds about quitting was the strongest predictor of quitting intentions, followed by the confidence in one's ability to quit (self-efficacy). The importance of the beliefs held by important others (subjective norms) about quitting was also predictive of intentions to quit, but to a lesser extent than attitudes and self-efficacy. Respondents chose a “most important peer group” (i.e. people I live with, other students in my major), which they used to answer survey questions related to peer group norms and strength of group identification. When group norms and strength of group identification variables were entered into multiple regression, the effects of group norms and group identification were not significant predictors. Strength of group identification was not found to be a moderating variable for group norms when predicting intentions to quit cigarette smoking. The present study used two concepts (subjective norms and group norms) to examine social influence on behavioral intentions. Future studies will be useful in establishing how social influences can best be conceptualized.
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Darville, Audrey. "MEDICALLY ILL SMOKERS AND PLANNING TO QUIT." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/3.
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Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and is the cause of nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the United States. The prevalence of smoking has had a leveling off effect after many years of significant decline. Certain subgroups of the population, such as those with low income and certain illnesses, continue to smoke at disproportionately high rates. Reasons for these disparities in smoking rates are complex. Developing a better understanding of the issues related to persistent smoking particularly for those with medical illness and limited access to cessation resources can help focus interventions to help these high risk smokers quit.
This dissertation includes a systematic review of the literature associated with hardcore smoking; an analysis of the reliability and validity of a self-efficacy instrument in a sample of low-SES, medically ill smokers; and the results of a cross-sectional, non-experimental study exploring the relationship between smoking-related factors and planning to quit in a sample of medically ill smokers.
A sample of 70 current and recent smokers was surveyed at a free clinic. Quitting self-efficacy was measured using an instrument not previously tested in a rural, medically ill sample. Modifications to the survey were made based on qualitative interviews with smokers and a single question measuring self-efficacy was also tested. There was a high correlation among the self-efficacy measures (Spearman’s rho .99, p < .001) and between the longer instrument and the single question (Spearman’s rho .65, p < .001). Each measure demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. In the study exploring potential factors associated with planning to quit, the number of prior quit attempts and confidence to quit explained 43% of the variance in those planning versus not planning to quit.
Providing interventions focused on increasing confidence and experience with quit attempts can be effective in promoting a plan to quit in this group of smokers who, because of their medical illness, can benefit significantly from cessation. Research is needed to explore cessation outcomes when employing these targeted interventions with medically ill smokers in rural areas.
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Letourneau, Alyssa Rose. "Timing and Predictors of Postpartum Return to Smoking in Women Who Quit Smoking During Pregnancy." Yale University, 2007. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-112209/.
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This study prospectively examined the timing and predictors of returning to smoking after pregnancy in a group of women who quit smoking cigarettes during pregnancy. We interviewed women during the postpartum hospital stay and at their infants 2-week and 2-month health supervision visits. Urine cotinine levels were measured at each interview. Fifty-three women were interviewed during the postpartum stay, 37 women at the 2-week and 36 women at the 2 month visits. At the 2-week visit, 40.5% had returned to smoking, and at the 2-month visit, 47.2% had returned to smoking. Factors associated with a return to smoking at 2 weeks included a lower level of education (high school graduate/GED vs. some college education; 13/37 vs. 2/37, p=0.02), the presence of someone else in the household who smoked (14/37 vs. 1/37, p=0.001), formula-feeding their infant at the time of interview (14/37 vs. 1/37, p=0.003), having smoking discussed with a doctor or nurse during pregnancy (12/37 vs. 3/27, p=0.009), and being African-American vs. Caucasian or Hispanic (10/37 vs. 5/37, p=0.008). Predictors of a return to smoking at 2 months included the presence of someone else in the household who smoked (17/36 vs. 0/36, p<0.001) and smoking at least 1 cigarette during pregnancy after initially quitting (12/36 vs. 5/36, p=0.02). Women who quit smoking cigarettes during pregnancy are likely to resume in the days immediately after delivery. The presence of household smokers and formula feeding are the strongest predictors of resuming smoking within 2 weeks.
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Chung, Wai-ming, and 鍾慧明. "A study on smokers' motivation to reduce and quit smoking." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501176X.
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Owusu, Daniel, Megan Quinn, K. Wang, J. Aibangbee, S. Veeranki, and H. Mamudu. "Intention to Quit Smoking in 14 Low and Middle Income Countries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6790.
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Vaid, Isam G. "Self-efficacy to resist smoking as a mediator between nicotine dependence and quit attempt in adolescent smokers in Alabama." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/vaid.pdf.
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Dijkstra, Arie. "Computer-tailored interventions for smoking cessation targeting smokers with low readiness to quit /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8396.
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Anastasi, Natasha Angela. "An analysis of NHS Stop Smoking advisors' smoking history, level of training and impact on self-reported advisor quit rate." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2015. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/923/.
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Smoking is a deep-rooted and complex psychological, behavioural, social and physiological practice. Smoking is reinforced by positive reinforcement outcomes and negative withdrawals symptoms experienced during abstinence (Marks et al., 2006). Furthermore smoking is a primary contributing factor in health inequality (Raw, McNeill, & West, 1998). Current data suggests that smoking rates in England have fallen to their lowest rate in over eighty years (Brown & West, 2014). Despite the downwards trend in smoking prevalence, smoking remains the UK’s biggest preventable cause of premature mortality (Twigg, Moon, & Walker, 2004). It has been acknowledged that the specialist Stop Smoking support programmes provided by the NHS have helped reduce smoking prevalence (Bauld, Bell, McCullough, Richardson, & Greaves, 2010). Whilst there has been a vast amount of research investigating the most effective behavioural and pharmacological support models (Lancaster, Stead, Silagy, & Sowden, 2000) there has been little research on the impact of smoking cessation advisor smoking status and clinical effectiveness (Lindson-Hawley, Begh, McDermott, McEwen, & Lycett, 2013). This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to NHS Stop Smoking advisor performance. Factors analysed included: advisor smoking status (historic and present); attitudes and beliefs towards smoking; level of training; proportion of time spent supporting patients; and number of patients supported. This study implemented a quantitative cross-sectional design. An online survey was used which consisted of three standardised questionnaires. The sample consisted of Stop Smoking advisors (n=159) from 24 London boroughs. The results were analysed using an ordinal logistic regression. The regression model showed no significant impact on the majority of the variables investigated. The non-contributing variables included: level of training; years practiced; level of advisor education; and number of patients supported in a given year. The model did however show that proportion of time spent delivering smoking cessation support significantly influenced quit rate. The results reinforce previous literature by Lindson-Hawley et al. (2013) which suggests smoking status does not significantly influence smoking practitioners’ outcomes or attitudes towards smoking. Proportion of time spent providing support was found to be a significant factor in predicting quit rate. These results suggest that these factors should be considered when recruiting, commissioning and training new smoking cessation advisors or provider organisations.
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Johs-Artisensi, Jennifer Lynn. "The Effect of Web-Based Support as an Adjunct to a Self-Help Smoking Cessation Program." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3180/.
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For the past quarter century, the public has been educated and warned about the dangers of smoking, and both smokers and health researchers have been in search of cost-effective, smoking cessation programs that will lead to long-term cessation. This study used a randomized experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of adding Web-based support materials to a nationally sponsored self-help smoking intervention. There was no significant increase in abstinence rates nor progression through the stages of change by those participants who had access to the Web site. However, there were some overall significant trends that suggested these self-help interventions were successful at decreasing daily rates of smoking and nicotine dependency, as well as tended to encourage repeated quit attempts. Although Web-based supports did not appear to increase the effectiveness of the nationally sponsored self-help intervention, this study demonstrated overall 12 week follow-up abstinence rates of 30-32%--greater than what might be expected, given average success rates of other self-help interventions. This study also supports the notion that women may face additional barriers to smoking cessation. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie M. Hoots, and Andrea D. Clements. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7235.
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Stress, self-esteem, depression, and disordered eating were analyzed among three groups of pregnant women in Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS): never smoked, smoked but quit prior to birth, and smoked but did not quit prior to birth.
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Stubbs, Brittney, and Andrea D. Clements. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7234.
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Negative health effects on an unborn fetus have been related to cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Very little research examines stress, self-esteem, depression, and disordered eating in pregnant women who smoke. A study, Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS), recruited pregnant women from five prenatal practices to help them quit smoking before giving birth. Using an expanded 5A’s (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) model and motivational interviewing, the intervention was implemented by trained health educators over the course of 4 prenatal visits. Women in the study who successfully stopped smoking before delivery had significantly healthier infants than the women who did not. A subset of the sampled 1063 pregnant women with complete data on measures of interest will be analyzed for the current study. We hypothesize that the following factors will differ significantly among pregnant women who never smoked, women who smoked but quit prior to birth, and women who smoked and did not quit prior to birth: stress, as indicated by the stress subscale of the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP); self-esteem, as indicated by the self-esteem subscale of the PPP; depressive symptoms, as indicated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10); and disordered eating, as indicated by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Additionally, we hypothesize that the odds of pregnant women quitting smoking prior to birth will be predicted by stress, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests will be conducted to compare scores on respective measures for the three groups based on smoking status. A logistic regression will be conducted to assess the degree to which aforementioned variables predict odds of smoking cessation in pregnant smokers. The implications of this research can be used to improve future intervention programs to reduce the adverse health effects of children born to mothers who smoke.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie M. Hoots, Andrea D. Clements, and Beth A. Bailey. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7227.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie M. Hoots, Andrea D. Clements, and Beth A. Bailey. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7228.
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JENSEN, MICHAELINE RAE, Michael J. Rohrbaugh, Varda Shoham, and Matthias R. Mehl. "CAN "I" QUIT SMOKING OR DO "WE" HAVE TO WORK TOGETHER? "WE-TALK" AND THE COUPLE DYNAMICS OF CHANGE RESISTANT SMOKING." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190459.
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Stubbs, Brittney. "PYSCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING AND EFFORTS TO QUIT SMOKING IN PREGNANT WOMEN OF SOUTH-CENTRAL APPALACHIA." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/479.
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A sample of 1,031 pregnant women from five prenatal practices participated in Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS), an expanded 5A’s (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) program. Stress, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating were hypothesized to differ among three groups: pregnant women who never smoked, pregnant women who smoked but quit prior to birth, and pregnant women who smoked and did not quit prior to birth. Smokers who quit were lower in stress and higher in self-esteem than those who did not quit. Non-smokers were lowest in stress and depression, and highest in self-esteem. These findings may lead to improved intervention programs and reduction of adverse health effects in children born to mothers who smoke.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie Hoots, Andrea D. Clements, and Beth Bailey. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of South-Central Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7199.
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Introduction: Psychosocial well-being variables from the Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS) study, a longitudinal smoking cessation study in South-Central Appalachia, were investigated as potential predictors of smoking status.
Methods: A sample of 1031 pregnant women participated in an expanded 5A's (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) program, from 2008 to 2011. Measures of stress, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating collected by interview during the first trimester, or during the third trimester in a combined interview if participants began prenatal care late, were hypothesized to differ among three groups of participants: pregnant women who never smoked, pregnant women who smoked but quit prior to birth, and pregnant women who smoked and did not quit prior to birth. Smoking status was measured throughout the study. Whether or not a participant quit smoking was assessed at delivery.
Results: Non-smokers were lowest in stress F(2,1027) = 46.38, p < .001) and depression (F(2,1028) = 39.81, p < .001), and highest in self-esteem (F(2,1018) = 29.81, p < .001). Only self-reported stress and self-reported self-esteem predicted quitting. Higher reported stress levels were related to a slightly lower likelihood of quitting (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92, 0.98, p = .003) and higher reported self-esteem predicted a slightly higher likelihood of quitting (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08, p = .001).
Conclusions: Findings may lead to improved intervention programs and reduction of adverse health effects in children attributable to prenatal smoking. More research should be conducted on smoking cessation in rural pregnant women.
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Langi, Gladys. "The Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Quit Attempt in Adolescent and Young Adult Twins." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4757.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental influences on lifetime quit attempt in three US adolescent and young adult twin samples (N total = 6,322). The study utilized a common-contingent-causal (CCC) model to estimate these factors for lifetime quit attempts, after accounting for the factors for lifetime cigarette use and cigarettes per day. The study also examined age and sex differences, as well as the degree of relationship between these smoking phenotypes. The results demonstrated significant genetic influences for lifetime quit attempts in adolescents and young adults. No sex differences were observed for the contributions of genetic and environmental factors for lifetime quit attempts. Furthermore, separate liabilities for lifetime quit attempts and lifetime cigarette use were found for most age groups. Study findings have important implications for promoting quit attempts in adolescents and young adults.
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Gillam, Susan Lydia. "Expecting to quit: An implementation evaluation of a smoking cessation intervention for pregnant and parenting women." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40669.
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Abstract Women who are disadvantaged have higher rates of smoking during pregnancy and are at higher risk of tobacco-related harm. Smoking cessation interventions have been developed for pregnant and parenting women who smoke however, improvements to smoking cessation interventions for rural, disadvantaged pregnant and parenting women are needed. A multiple case study design was used to (1) describe the level of implementation of a smoking cessation intervention, Expecting to Quit (ETQ), in five Healthy Baby Clubs (HBC) in western Newfoundland; (2) describe barriers and facilitators to implementing ETQ; and (3) collect preliminary evidence of its effectiveness among rural, disadvantaged pregnant and parenting women. This study describes implementation of ETQ from the perspective of pregnant and parenting women (n=12), managers (n=5), and HBC Mothers (n=6). It offers insight into factors (i.e., training, policies and procedures, acceptability, appropriateness of the program) associated with implementation of ETQ. Data were collected through: (1) in-person one-on-one interviews; (2) focus group interviews; (3) training evaluation questionnaires; (4) knowledge, attitudes and beliefs questionnaires; (5) socio-demographics and smoking behaviour questionnaires; and (6) document review of annual reports, staff meeting minutes, and records of polices and procedures. Inductive analyses of data were undertaken including content analysis, constant comparison, and thematic analysis. Six integrated themes emerged: (1) Stigma and Judgment: Walking a Fine Line; (2) Social Context, Health and Place: Rural Living Affects Women; (3) Social Networks: Supporting Women Like Us; (4) Community Empowerment: A Catalyst to Get the Message Across; (5) Complexities in the Lives of Women: Just Trying to Get Through; and (6) Tobacco Reduction: It is a Success. The integrated themes suggest that cessation interventions in this context must address each of these issues. These findings may provRésuméLes femmes désavantagées sont plus à risque de fumer pendant leur grossesse et sont plus exposées aux risques associés à la consommation du tabac. Des interventions visant l’arrêt de la consommation du tabac ont été développées pour les femmes enceintes et les jeunes mères qui fument. Néanmoins, des améliorations doivent être apportées à ces programmes pour les femmes enceintes ou jeunes mères désavantagées en milieu rural. Une étude de cas multiples à été utilisée pour (1) décrire le niveau d’implémentation du programme d’intervention visant l’arrêt de la consommation du tabac « Expecting to Quit » (ETQ), dans cinq clubs « Healthy Baby Club » de la région ouest de Terre-Neuve, (2) décrire les obstacles et les aspects facilitant l’implémentation des « ETQ », et (3) rassembler les preuves préliminaires de son efficacité pour les femmes enceintes ou les jeunes mères désavantagées en milieu rural. Cette étude décrit la mise en place, des interventions « ETQ » du point de vue des femmes enceintes et des jeunes mères (n=12), des responsables du programme (n=5) et des mères, membres du club « HBC » (n=6). Cette étude apporte des éclairages sur certains facteurs (formation, règles et procédures, acceptabilité, niveau de pertinence) associés à la mise en place des interventions « ETQ ». Les données ont été récoltées à travers: (1) des entretiens en personne, (2) des entretiens en groupe, (3) des questionnaires d’évaluation de la formation, (4) des questionnaires de connaissances, d’attitudes et de croyances, (5) des questionnaires socio démographiques sur le comportement des fumeurs, et (6) la lecture de documents tels que: rapports annuels, compte rendu de réunion des employés, règles et procédures. Des analyses inductives des données ont été faites, incluant, l’analyse du contenu, la comparaison des constantes, et des analyses thématiques. Six thèmes intégrés en sont r
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Lucan, Sean C. "Patient age, number and type of clinical encounters, and provider advice to quit smoking : BRFSS 2000 /." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2004. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08182004-163750/.
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Owusu, Daniel, Megan Quinn, Ke Sheng Wang, Jocelyn Aibangbee, and Hadii M. Mamudu. "Intentions to Quit Tobacco Smoking in 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries Based on the Transtheoretical Model*." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6780.
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Introduction: Over 80% of the world’s one billion tobacco smokers reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); therefore, it is important to understand factors that promote intention to quit smoking in these countries. This study evaluated factors associated with three stages of intention to quit tobacco smoking among adults in LMICs.
Methods: Data from 43,540 participants of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 14 LMICs were analyzed. Intentions to quit smoking were categorized into precontemplation (referent category), contemplation, and preparation stages based on the transtheoretical model. A multinomial logit model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Approximately 82%, 14%, and 4% of the smokers were in precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages, respectively. Rural residents had increased odds of being in contemplation stage (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.09–1.83) compared to urban residents. Compared to homes where smoking was allowed, smoke-free homes were associated with increased odds of contemplation (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.41–2.23) and preparation (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.78–2.66). Exposure to anti-smoking messages in more than one media channel was associated with increased odds of contemplation (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.33–1.92) and preparation (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.28–2.33) compared to no exposure to anti-smoking messages.
Conclusion: The results suggest that anti-smoking media campaigns and smoke-free policies may promote intention to quit smoking in LMICs. While these suggest the need for implementation of comprehensive anti-smoking campaigns and smoke-free policies, longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and to evaluate how intention to quit translates into quit attempts in LMICs.
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Follett, Lenora D. "An investigation of how spirituality supports smoking cessation /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Nursing) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-159). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Owusu, Daniel. "Assessing Adult Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Low-and-Middle Income Countries: Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey Data, 2009 – 2012." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3063.
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Smoking cessation can reduce health risk and prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths. However, cessation rates are low in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), with only a small proportion of smokers intending to quit. Given the paucity of literature to support tobacco cessation programs in LMICs, this study aimed to: 1) identify factors associated with intention to quit smoking, 2) assess the relationship between health care provider quit advice/tobacco screening and utilization of cessation assistance, and 3) examine the relationship between home smoking rule and smoking intensity across three stages of smoking cessation (precontemplation, contemplation and preparation) in LMICs. Data were obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009-2012, a nationally representative household survey of noninstitutionalized civilians aged 15 years and older. Weighted multivariable regression analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4. Adjusted odds ratios (OR), percent change in smoking intensity and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Home smoking rule and exposure to anti-smoking messages were the important factors associated with contemplation and preparation to quit smoking. Approximately 1%, 7%, 9% and 15% used quitline, medical treatment, counseling/cessation clinic and cessation assistance (all three combined), respectively, in the past year. Quit advice was significantly associated with utilization of counseling/cessation clinic (OR=3.89, 95% CI=2.8–5.5), medical treatment (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.2–2.4) and cessation assistance (OR=2.60, 95% CI=2.0–3.4). Tobacco screening was associated with utilization of counseling/cessation clinic (OR=2.60, 95% CI=1.1–5.9) and medical treatment (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.2–2.4). Living in a completely smoke-free home was associated with a 22.5% (95% CI=17.1%–28.0%), an 18.6% (95% CI=9.0%–28.2%), and a 19.4% (95% CI=3.9%–34.9%) significant reduction in smoking intensity among smokers in precontemplation, contemplation and preparation, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest that smoke-free home, anti-smoking campaigns, and health care provider intervention promote smoking cessation in LMICs. Therefore, comprehensive smoke-free policies, anti-smoking media campaigns and integration of tobacco screening and quit advice into the health care system are important for tobacco cessation in LMICs, suggesting the need for full implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control Articles 8 and 11 – 13.
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Babico, Mary, and Emily Lundeen. "Evaluating Student Pharmacists’ Comfort Level and Effectiveness in Referring Tobacco Users to a Quit Line During Health Screening Events: A Pilot Study at One University." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623584.
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Class of 2012 AbstractSpecific Aims: To assess the number of patients referred to ASHLine during the health screenings performed by University of Arizona College of Pharmacy students; and to identify the comfort level of students who asked patients about their smoking status. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was sent via electronic mail to evaluate students’ comfort levels in implementing a smoking cessation referral program and subject demographics. Chart reviews quantified the number of patients referred to a smoking cessation program. Main Results: A total of 1,147 patients were screened for smoking cessation, 85 of which said they still smoked. Of the 85 who smoked, only 2 (0.17%) were referred to ASHLine. There was no significant increase in the comfort level of students (based on three domains) who participated in a smoking cessation training program or students in different years of their professional education. It was found that more students were comfortable with completing the required smoking cessation paperwork if they attended three or more health fairs (P=0.014). Conclusions: The comfort level of students with smoking cessation education is independent of the number of patients referred to a local smoking cessation program.
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Johnson, Vicki D. "Growth Mindset as a Predictor of Smoking Cessation." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1246034970.
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Greene, Preston Archer. "how and when implicit attitudes about smoking affect decision making in the personal process of smoking cessation." Thesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3637322.
Full textAbstract:
Recent theories of attitudes and cognition have made a distinction between explicit attitudes that are conscious, deliberate judgments people make when asked to do so, and implicit attitudes, or those that are made automatically and without conscious effort (Greenwald and Banaji, 1995). This study integrated research and theory of implicit attitudes about smoking with the Transtheoretical Model's understanding of the process individuals go through as they quit smoking, to test the moderating effect of motivation to change on implicit smoking attitudes and to evaluate the indirect (mediated) effects of implicit smoking attitudes on cigarette demand through explicit smoking attitudes. Participants were N=283 daily smokers who completed an online survey that measured characteristics of their smoking, motivational Readiness to change, decisional balance considerations (Pros and Cons of smoking), and demand for cigarettes (Cigarette Purchase Task), before completing the Smoking Implicit Association Test. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that as implicit attitudes about smoking became more positive, smokers reported on average more explicit positive attitudes (Pros of smoking) about smoking and less negative explicit attitudes (Cons of smoking) about smoking, beyond the effect Readiness for change had on those explicit smoking attitudes. Readiness to change did not moderate the effect of implicit smoking attitudes on decisional balance considerations. Decisional balance considerations were important predictors of smoker's responses on the smoking purchase task and accounted for the relationship between implicit smoking attitudes and choices on a hypothetical smoking purchase task. More positive implicit smoking attitudes indirectly predicted that smokers would purchase cigarettes at higher average prices before consumption dropped to zero, greater average maximum financial expenditure on cigarettes, and higher average price at which expenditure was maximized. These results may be useful for understanding how cigarette prices affect attitudes about smoking and increase the likelihood that people will quit.
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Kasabreh, Najla. "Smoking Thirties: How Tobacco & BMI Shape the Subgingival Microbiome." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562929612961187.
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Langenhoven, Anja. "How job demands and resources predict burnout, engagement and intention to quit in call centres." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98070.
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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The industrial psychology literature related to call centres highlights the negative aspects of call centre work environments and the resultant adverse impact on workers’ well-being. Call centres have been labelled the “coal mines of the 21st century”, “assembly lines in the head” and “satanic mills” (Janse van Rensburg, Boonzaier, & Boonzaier, 2013, p. 2). High levels of stress, high staff turnover and burnout are all factors that are often experienced by call centre agents (Banks & Roodt, 2011). However, Van der Colff and Rothman (2009) report that some call centre agents, regardless of the high job demands, do not develop burnout. These agents cope better than others under highly demanding and stressful work conditions. To build on these findings, the present study took a detailed look at factors affecting the well-being of employees working in call centres. Specifically, the question was asked, “Why is there variance in work engagement, job burnout and intention to quit amongst the employees in call centres?” The job demands-resources (JD-R) model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014) was used as a framework to investigate the well-being of call centre agents employed in the outbound departments of two branches of a Cape Town call centre. The primary objective of this study was to develop and empirically test a structural model, derived from theory, explaining the antecedents of variance in work engagement, job burnout and intention to quit amongst call centre employees. The antecedents comprise transformational leadership (as a job resource), emotional intelligence and psychological capital (as employees’ personal resources), and emotional labour (as job demands) present in a call centre environment. An ex post facto correlational design was used to test the formulated hypotheses in this research study. Quantitative data was collected from 223 call centre agents by means of non-probability convenience sampling. A self-administered hard-copy survey was distributed to the two call centre branches, given that call centre agents agreed to participate in the research study. Measuring instruments consisted of (1) the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) questionnaire (Schaufeli et al., 2002), (2) the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) (Maslach, Schaufeli & Leiter, 2001), (3) the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) (Ding & Lin, 2006; Lee, 2000), (4) the Emotional Demands and Emotion-rule Dissonance scales (Xanthopoulou, Bakker, & Fischbach, 2013), (5) the adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5x short) (Van Aswegen & Engelbrecht, 2009), (6) the Genos Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Gignac, 2010) and (7) the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007). The data was analysed using item analyses and structural equation modelling (SEM). A PLS path analysis was conducted to determine the model fit. From the 21 hypotheses formulated in the study, six were found to be significant. It is noteworthy, however, that 12 of the non-significant paths were related to the moderating effects. Hypotheses 1, 3 and 8 were also found to be not significant. However, hypotheses 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 were all found to be statistically significant and therefore supported the JD-R theory (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014), which postulates that job demands are generally the most important predictors of job burnout, whereas job resources and personal resources are generally the most important predictors of work engagement. Also, it was found that call centre agents experiencing a high level of work engagement were less inclined to leave the organisation. The study’s findings shed light on the importance of developing interventions that can foster job and personal resources in the pursuit of optimising work engagement. In addition, the call centre agents can be bolstered in coping with existing job demands and cumulatively this also results in a decrease in the employees’ level of burnout and in their intention to leave the company.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Bedryfsielkundige literatuur met betrekking tot inbelsentrums beklemtoon die negatiewe aspekte van die werkomgewing van inbelsentrums en die gevolglike nadelige effek op werkers se welsyn. Inbelsentrums is reeds beskryf as die “steenkoolmyne van die 21ste eeu”, ‘”monteerbande in die kop” en “sataniese meule” (Janse van Rensburg, Boonzaier, & Boonzaier, 2013, p. 2). Hoë vlakke van stres, hoë personeelomset en uitbranding is faktore wat gereeld deur inbelsentrum-agente ervaar word (Banks & Roodt, 2011). Van der Colff en Rothman (2009) rapporteer egter dat ten spyte van hulle hoë werkvereistes, sommige inbelsentrumagente nie uitbranding ervaar nie. Hierdie agente vaar beter as ander onder hoogs veeleisende en stresvolle werkomstandighede. Om verder te bou op die navorsing wat reeds onderneem is, kyk die huidige studie na die faktore wat moontlik die welsyn van werknemers in inbelsentrums affekteer. Met ander woorde, dit soek na die antwoord op die navorsingsinisiërende vraag: “Hoekom is daar verskille in die werksbegeestering, werksuitbranding en intensie om die organisasie te verlaat onder werknemers in inbelsentrums?” Om op hierdie navorsingsinisiërende vraag te kan reageer, is die job demands-resources (JD-R) model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014) gebruik as raamwerk spesifiek om die welsyn van inbelsentrumagente wat in die uitbel-departemente binne twee takke van ‘n bekende uitbelsentrum, geleë in Kaapstad, te ondersoek. Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie studie was om ’n strukturele model te ontwikkel en te toets wat die antesedente van variansie in werksbegeestering, werksuitbranding en die intensie om die organisaie te verlaat, onder inbelsentrumwerknemers verklaar. Die spesifieke antesedente wat in hierdie studie getoets is, was transformasie-leierskap (as ’n werkshulpbron), emosionele intelligensie en sielkundige kapitaal (psychological capital) (as werknemers se persoonlike hulpbronne), en emosionele arbeid (as werkseise) wat in ‘n inbelsentrum-omgewing teenwoordig is. ʼn Ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp is gebruik om die geformuleerde hipoteses in hierdie studie te toets. Kwantitatiewe data is by 223 inbelsentrumagente deur middel van nie-waarskynlikheids gerieflikheidsteekproeftrekking ingesamel. ’n Selfgeadministreerde hardekopie-opname is in die twee takke van die inbelsentrum versprei, aangesien hulle ingestem het om aan die studie deel te neem. Die opname het spesifieke latente veranderlikes gemeet wat op die studie van toepassing is deur gebruik te maak van betroubare en geldige meetinstrumente. Hierdie instrumente sluit in (1) die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) vraelys (Schaufeli et al., 2002), (2) die Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) (Maslach, Schaufeli & Leiter, 2001), (3) die Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) (Ding & Lin, 2006; Lee, 2000), (4) die Emotional Demands en Emotion-rule Dissonance skale (Xanthopoulou, Bakker, & Fischbach, 2013), (5) die aangepaste Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5x kort) (Van Aswegen & Engelbrecht, 2009), (6) die Genos Emotional Intelligence Inventory (Gignac, 2010) en (7) die Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007). Die versamelde data is deur middel van item-analise en strukturele vergelykingsmodellering geanaliseer. ’n PLS pad-ontleding is onderneem om modelpassing te bepaal. Vanuit die 21 hipoteses wat vir hierdie studie geformuleer is, is ses bevind om betekenisvol te wees. Dit is egter merkwaardig dat 12 van die nie-betekenisvolle bane verband gehou het met modererende effekte. Hipoteses 1, 3 en 8 is ook bevind om nie-betekenisvol te wees. Hierdie nie-betekenisvolle bane kan op grond van verskeie redes ontstaan. Hipoteses 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 en 9 is egter almal bevind om statisties betekenisvol te wees en ondersteun dus die JD-R teorie (Bakker & Demerouti, 2014). Hierdie teorie hou voor dat werksvereistes oor die algemeen die belangrikste voorspellers van werksuitbranding is, terwyl werkshulpbronne en persoonlike hulpbronne oor die algemeen die vernaamste voorspellers van werksbegeestering is. Dit is ook bevind dat inbelsentrumagente wat ’n hoë vlak van werksbegeestering ervaar, minder geneig is om die organisasie te verlaat. Die studie se bevindings werp lig op die belangrikheid daarvan om ingrypings te ontwikkel wat werks- en persoonlike hulpbronne kan kweek in die nastrewing van die optimering van begeestering en om inbelsentrumagente te help om die bestaande werkseise te hanteer. Gevolglik sal hierdie uitkoms lei tot ’n vermindering in die werknemers se vlakke van uitbranding en in hulle intensies om die organisasie te verlaat.
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Chau, Tin-kin, and 周天健. "Smoking in patients with type II diabetes mellitus : what do we know and how can we help?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208619.
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Smoking causes Type II diabetes (T2DM). However, there were limited research on the needs, concerns and intention of smokers with T2DM about quitting smoking. This study aimed to explore the behaviors and perceptions on smoking and quitting smoking in patients with T2DM.
I conducted both qualitative and quantitative studies. The qualitative study involved T2DM patients who were current smokers or ex-smokers, and could communicate in Cantonese. Semi-structured focus group and individual in-depth interviews were conducted. The quantitative study was cross-sectional, using a standardized questionnaire to identify the intention to quit smoking, knowledge regarding the health risks of smoking and their determinants in T2DM smokers who (1) were aged 18 years or above; (2) can communicate in Cantonese; (3) had daily consumption of at least 2 cigarettes in the past 30 days; and (4) diagnosed with T2DM for at least 6 months with stable condition. Structured multiphase regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with intention to quit smoking and knowledge on the health impact of smoking.
In the qualitative study, I recruited 22 current smokers and 20 ex-smokers with T2DM at data saturation. The current T2DM smokers did not quit smoking because of satisfaction with their current health status, misconceptions of no association between T2DM and smoking, and the perceived hazards of quitting. In contrast, ex-smokers had a positive evaluation of quitting smoking, accepted the quit advice from medical professionals and received more family support. Moreover, psychological addiction and weight gain after smoking cessation were the major barriers for T2DM patients to quit smoking. In the cross-sectional study, I recruited 526 smokers with T2DM from nine outpatient clinics specialized in diabetes. They scored on average 47.5 (95% CI=45.6-49.4) out of 0-100 in knowledge regarding health impact of smoking, and 389 (74%, 95% CI=70.3%-77.8%) of them were in pre-contemplation stage. The multiphase regression analysis showed that T2DM smokers with no intention to quit were those who smoked during alcohol drinking (OR=5.98, 95% CI=1.89-18.98, p=0.002). In contrast, those less likely associated with pre-contemplation stage were those who perceived a worse level of health (OR=0.41, 95%, CI=0.19-0.86, p=0.019), perceived greater importance of quitting (OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.58-0.78, p<0.0001), had higher confidence of quitting (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.67-0.88, p<0.0001), or had more knowledge regarding health impact of smoking (OR=0.98, 95%, CI=0.97-0.999, p=0.035). In addition, a higher score on Decisional Balance Inventory-Cons of smoking (coefficient=1.61, 95% CI=0.56-2.66, p=0.003) or confidence in quitting was associated with a higher knowledge score (coefficient=1.30, 95% CI=0.59-2.01, p<0.001).
Conclusively, this is the first study to assess the smoking behaviors and perceptions in patients with T2DM. Many T2DM smokers were reluctant to quit smoking due to inadequate knowledge of the health impact of smoking. Patient education, weight control and behavioral counseling are suggested as the critical components of an effective smoking cessation intervention for T2DM patients.published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Bailey, Kelly A. "The Effects of a Happiness Intervention on Measures of Psychological Well-Being and Motivation to Quit Smoking among Smokers with Depressive Symptoms." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3672814.
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Depressed smokers are a group of individuals whose health and overall functioning can benefit from interventions aimed to enhance well-being. Researchers have recently found significant relations between positive affect and smoking cessation success, and between low affect and smoking relapse, and unsuccessful abstinence (Cook et al., 2010; Leventhal et al., 2008, 2009; Niemiec, 2010). The examination of the effects of happiness interventions for a population considered to be "underserved" has only just begun (Borrelli, 2010, p. 2; Kahler et al., 2013). In this study, the independent variable was a happiness intervention and the outcome variables were psychological well-being and motivation to quit smoking. Using motivation to quit as a definition of success for smokers, this study included smokers who could benefit from treatment, yet who may not be ready to begin smoking cessation treatment. Smokers with depression who were interested in self-administering a happiness intervention, known at West Virginia University as the chillPACK, were randomly assigned to the treatment group with the chillPACK or to a comparison condition. Both groups were instructed to report their time spent completing activities intended to enhance their happiness. It was hypothesized that increases in psychological well-being and motivation to quit smoking from baseline to post-treatment would be greater in the treatment group compared to the comparison group. Although the hypothesized group differences over time were not supported, results showed improvements over time on measures of psychological well-being and motivation to quit smoking for all participants who completed the study. Results also showed relationships between minutes completing positive activities and satisfaction with life and motivation to quit smoking after the study period. Non-white participants who were relatively less stressed and higher in motivation to quit smoking prior to the study period were more likely to spend time completing positive activities. The findings from this study may improve our understanding of ways to: (a) increase psychological well-being and motivation to quit smoking among depressed smokers, (b) advance the design of specialized smoking cessation treatments for depressed smokers, and (c) decrease the considerable public health burden associated with depression, smoking, and the comorbidity of depression and smoking.
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Wahrby, Johan. "The smoking dragon : A study of how China frame their climate change policy." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9969.
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In the international climate change negotiations it has been hard to find a sustainable agreement about how to address the anthropogenic impacts on the climate. This is because the issue is very complicated and comprises many social and economic aspects. Because of the struggling in the international negotiations is it necessary to analyze how the climate change issue is understood in different regions and countries of the world. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how actors within the climate policy sphere in China frame the climate change issue. In the near future, China will become the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide and with a population of 1.3 billion people; China is one of the key countries in the international climate negations. The thesis analyses how two key actor groups - decision makers and scientists connected to the Chinese climate change administration - frame the climate change issue in semi-structured interviews. The respondents frame the climate change issue as a large obstacle for a future Chinese development, both economically and socially. To address climate change in China the respondents think that technology innovations and transfer of technology from the developed countries will be very important. Therefore the respondents think it is vitally important to continue with the international climate negotiations in the future.
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Bakker, Martijntje J. "Pregnancy, a window of opportunity to quit smoking! the development, implementation and evaluation of a minimal intervention strategy for pregnant women and their partners /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7064.
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Smith, Caroline Emma. "How quitters navigate their social networks : the importance of subjectivity and dynamic interaction in smoking cessation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22899.
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There is widespread recognition of the need for preventive healthcare to support people in adopting healthy lifestyles that will reduce their risk of long term conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In recent years, a number of observational studies have shown that social networks may play an important role in health behaviour change. Thus far, however, there has been limited success in translating these findings into effective interventions, suggesting a failure to tap into real-world social processes. The aim of my thesis is to develop our understanding of the role that social networks play in one key area of health behaviour change, namely smoking cessation, with a view to gaining insights into how networks can be better utilised to improve quit outcomes. Whilst most research into health behaviour change is rooted in psychological theory, this study draws on a somewhat different perspective, that of social network studies in health. More specifically, it uses a longitudinal qualitative approach to investigate the role of social networks in giving up smoking. Thirteen participants from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds were recruited through three stop smoking services in central Scotland, and interviewed four weeks after quitting; nine participants took part in a follow-up interview two months later. In-depth interviews combined an interactive network mapping exercise with a detailed exploration of the complex inter-relationships between participants’ social networks and their experiences of quitting. A thematic data analysis was undertaken. Quitting was found to be enmeshed in an intricate web of social relationships and interactions. Quitters were not, though, powerless in the face of these social forces, but rather actively sought to navigate their social networks. Existing theorisations tend to view the social network as acting on a passive individual and, as such, overlook the importance of subjective meaning and dynamic interaction in shaping the quit attempt. My thesis demonstrates, however, that the mechanisms of subjectivity and interaction operate in complex ways, encompassing a myriad of overlapping sources of meaning which include the immediate context of interactions, the wider nature of individual relationships, and the overall construction of the social network. These processes jointly unfold, moreover, as the quit attempt proceeds. Efforts to develop network-based cessation interventions must, therefore, move away from attempts to “fix” the network, and must instead seek to find ways of helping quitters to more effectively navigate their social networks.
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Gocan, Sophia J. "How Is Interprofessional Collaboration Making a Difference in Tobacco Dependence Treatment?" Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23503.
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Objective: To explore the role of interprofessional collaboration in the delivery of team-based tobacco dependence treatments within primary care.
Methods: A narrative review of the literature was completed to examine FHT team functioning in Ontario, followed by a single, multi-site qualitative exploratory case study.
Results: Interprofessional collaboration contributed to changes in tobacco dependence treatment through the initiation of system-wide change, cultivation of collective action, and supporting enhanced quality of smoking cessation care.
Conclusion: Interprofessional collaboration can enhance the comprehensive delivery of evidence-based treatments for individuals trying to quit smoking. Supportive public policy, education for patients and providers, and evaluation research is needed to advance FHT functioning.
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Smith, Jordan Douglas. "Sugar, smoke and shock: a rhetorical study of the New York City health department’s “Pouring on the Pounds” and “Quit Smoking Today” public health advertisements." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3979.
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In 2009 the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene released two
Public Service Advertisements regarding health initiatives entitled ‘Pouring on the Pounds’ and
‘Quit Smoking Today’ (New York Times, 2009). Both campaigns were documented by news
media as “controversial” and “graphic” in nature, even “shocking” (New York Times, 2009, p. 2;
New York Daily News, 2010, p. 1). An expert in advertising techniques, Dr. Steven Dahl
contends that shock methods of advertising are comprised of three components; information, fear
and surprise (Dahl 2003). The framework of this study is set first by analyzing the campaigns as
shock according to Dahl’s components, then using a triangulated system of data analysis to
assess the efficacy of applying the shock framework to these campaigns. Data analysis involves
evaluating the visual components of the campaigns as shock and assessing the reactions of media
and consumers to these government endorsed public service announcements. Textual Analysis
(Hart & Daughton, 2005) of the campaign posters, which was deductively framed by Althusser’s
(1971) Subject Positioning Theory and Dahl’s (2003) shock components revealed numerous
condensations, tensions and ideological values represented in the posters. A Thematic Analysis
(Boyatzis, 1998) of news articles and consumer commentary revealed twenty-five themes across
the campaigns. The results support that Dahl’s shock components were strongly imbedded in the
‘Quit Smoking Today’ advertisements which displayed high levels of information, fear and
surprise across all three data sets. The ‘Pouring on the Pounds’ campaign showed only minimal
ratings of fear, while levels of information and surprise were high in the analyzed data sets.
Conclusively both campaigns may be labeled as shocking and controversial but the minimal use
of fear appeals in the ‘Pouring on the Pounds’ campaign illuminates possibilities for the
expansion of Dahl’s shock advertising framework.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Elliot School of Communication.
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Hu, Shu-Chen. "A Study of Intention To Quit Smoking In Males In the Workplace in Southern Taiwan: An Applicaiton and Modification of The Theory of Planned Behavior /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487929745336736.
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Miles, Stephanie. "A smokin' good ad how efficacy and emotional tone interact in anti-smoking messages /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5683.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 8, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Gaetan, Mourmant. "How and Why do IT Professionals Leave their Salaried Employment to Start a Company?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/38.
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Retaining IT employees help them finding a path to entrepreneurship or even investing in spin-offs created by their employees (i.e. future entrepreneurs) is essential for the vitality of the economy. The objective of this thesis is to answer the following research question: “why and how do IT professionals3 decide to quit their salaried employment to start a business?” We do so by proposing a theory related to the under researched area of IT entrepreneurial turnover. The first chapter clarifies the unfolding model (Lee et al., 1999), so that it could be used with confidence (e.g. shock and image violation). The second chapter proposes one new core category, i.e. the Readiness to Quit (RTQ) which is divided into two types, the current RTQ and the Necessary Configuration to Quit (NCQ). We integrate them in a conceptual framework including the context, a chronology and the compatibility test between the current RTQ and the NCQs indicating that the IT professional is ready to quit. The last chapter proposes a second core category, IT Entrepreneurial Epiphany, which connect the shock and the image violations with the current RTQ. The IT Entrepreneurial Epiphany is composed of five lower-level concepts: Business, playing the game; Risk reduction; Timing; Context and opportunity; and finally long-term reason for becoming an entrepreneur. Finally, we discuss the enrichment of the conceptual framework resulting from these new core categories. In sum, we contribute to the research by proposing two core categories embedded in a rich conceptual framework.
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Rowley, Anthony R. "How England learned to smoke : the introduction, spread and establishment of tobacco pipe smoking in England before 1640." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9845/.
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This thesis examines the incorporation of smoking into late Elizabethan and early Stuart culture and society, politics and commerce. Drawing upon a rich variety of primary sources and adopting an interdisciplinary approach, it shows how the English encountered, evaluated and accommodated this new and controversial Amerindian activity. It emphasises the seldom recognised distinction between the European medico-botanical appropriation of tobacco poultices, infusions etc. and the English adoption of smoking as a recreation arguing that patterns of smoking were, from the start, inherently incompatible with ideas of the appropriate use of medicines. This incompatibility prompted medical and moral debates identifying smoking as the misuse of a powerful drug. This thesis argues for the first time that smoking spread, despite objections, not because it was medicinal but because it was culturally attractive, particularly to young men. As demand for tobacco rose, tobacco became increasingly important politically and commercially. This thesis examines the evolution of policies to control and profit from rising domestic demand for tobacco under James VI & I and Charles I. By 1640, the commodity craved by smokers had been embroiled in disputes about monopolies, taxation, the Virginia colonies and, with the unprecedented introduction of tobacco vending licences in the 1630s, even the royal prerogative. The thesis concludes with the first detailed nation-wide examination of the early retail trade in tobacco which unveils a mixed economy of small and large-scale tobacco trading supplying smokers in all corners of England with tobacco by the pound, ounce, pennyworth or pipeful. England had learned to smoke.
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Sá, Edmundo José Bragança de. "How effective are brief interventions in smoking cessation: project of a cohort study in a family health care unit." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9253.
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ABSTRACT: Tobacco use remains the most significant modifiable cause of disability, death and illness1. In Portugal, 19,6% of the population aged ten years or more smoke3. A Cochrane review of 20087 concluded that a brief advice intervention (compared to usual care) can increase the likelihood of a smoker to quit and remain nonsmoker 12 months later by a further 1 to 3 %. Several studies have shown that Primary Care Physicians can play a key role in these interventions8,9,10. However we did not find studies about the effectiveness of brief interventions in routine consultations of Family Doctors in Portugal. For this reason we designed a Cohort Study to make an exploratory study about the effectiveness of brief interventions of less than three minutes in comparison with usual care in
routine consultations. The study will be implemented in a Family Healthcare Unit in Beja, during six months. Family Doctors of the intervention group should be submitted for an educational and training program before the study begin. Quit smoking sustained rates will be estimated one year
after the first intervention in each smoker. If, as we expect, quit smoking rates will be higher in the intervention group than in the control group, this may change Portuguese Family Doctors attitudes and increase the provision of brief interventions in routine consultations in Primary Healthcare Centers.
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Throckmorton-Belzer, Leslee. "Seeing celebrities smoke in cinema : how are young people impacted?" Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1124737.
Full textAbstract:
Increased smoking by attractive celebrities in films may be one source of influence on young people's increased smoking behavior. Theories of observational learning and cognitive scripting suggest that actions and perceptions may be influenced by viewing behaviors of attractive models and that observers may be more likely to imitate the observed behaviors when they are in specific contexts similar to the ones viewed. We investigated the effects of viewing characters either smoking or not smoking while having either positive or negative experiences on participants' perceptions of the characters, smoking urge, and intentions to smoke. We found that viewing characters smoking in negative scenes decreased likelihood of smoking for participants. Females were more likely than males to report a likelihood to smoke after viewing negative scenes, regardless of whether characters smoked. Female regular smokers were more likely to smoke in negative scenarios than in positive scenarios, and male occasional smokers and nonsmokers were more likely to smoke in positive scenarios than negative scenarios.Department of Psychological Science
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Samokhvalov, Andriy V., Peter Selby, Susan J. Bondy, Michael Chaiton, Anca Ialomiteanu, Robert Mann, and Jürgen Rehm. "Smokers who seek help in specialized cessation clinics: How special are they compared to smokers in general population?" Cambridge University Press, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A39025.
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Introduction: Patients of specialized nicotine dependence clinics are hypothesized to form a distinct subpopulation of smokers due to the features associated with treatment seeking. The aim of the study was to describe this subpopulation of smokers and compare it to smokers in general population Material and methods: A chart review of 796 outpatients attending a specialized nicotine dependence clinic, located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada was performed. Client smoking patterns and sociodemographic characteristics were compared to smokers in the general population using two Ontario surveys – the Ontario Tobacco Survey (n = 898) and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor (n = 457). Results: Smokers who seek treatment tend to smoke more and be more heavily addicted. They were older, had longer history of smoking and greater number of unsuccessful quit attempts, both assisted and unassisted. They reported lower education and income, had less social support and were likely to live with other smokers. Conclusions: Smokers who seek treatment in specialized centers differ from the smokers in general population on several important characteristics. These same characteristics are associated with lower chances for successful smoking cessation and sustained abstinence and should be taken into consideration during clinical assessment and treatment planning.
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Chen, Ming-Hsien, and 陳明憲. "How and Why Individual Investors Quit?" Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01159991641199893875.
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博士國立政治大學
財務管理研究所
96
Who can survive longer and what factors could prolong the trading life of individual investors in the market? This is the questions we ask in the dissertation. Based on our knowledge, there is not any research about the issue of survival analysis on analyzing individual investors in stock market. The paper classifies three possibilities could affect the trading life of investors: personal characteristics, trading behavior, and market condition. In the dissertation, we use tick-by-tick transaction data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange to profile survivors versus non-survivors, to investigate how the traders’ characteristics (such as, gender), trading behaviors (such as the degree of diversification, trading amount and trading frequency) and market condition affect the trading life of investors. We borrow the proportional hazard models proposed by Cox (1972) who used in bio-statistics to analyze the survival rate. Using the Kaplan-Meier curves for male and female, we find that survival functions and hazard rates of female investors have better survival prognosis than the male investors. Different timing of entering results in distinct patterns of survival curves and hazard rates. Investors entering that market in the bull and bear market have a larger survival rate than those who enter the market in normal time during the trading life from 1 to 7 years. Moreover, as the trading life increases larger 7 year, the three curves of bull, bear and normal market conditions, respectively, appear to get closer, suggesting that if trading life is shorter than 7 years, the investors entering in the bull and bear markets seemly have lower hazard ratio than that in the normal market to leave the market. Finally, the results of Cox’s proportional hazard model show that female investors stay in the market 74 days longer than the male. Trading cycle increasing by one day will prolong the traders in the market by 4.8 days. Average volume per trade measured in ten thousands does not have economic effect on the trading duration, although its estimate is statistically significant. A one percentage increase of portfolio return will reduce about 151 days of the trading life. One more stock in the portfolio will prolong about 133 days in the trading life. The effect on the trading duration of trading performance of those who enter in the bull market is positive.
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Su, Yi-Lin, and 蘇億玲. "Factors Associated With Health Professionals Advising Patients to Quit Smoking." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06998627612640363232.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
護理學研究所
97
Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of premature death and disease. Around 40% of men in Taiwan are smokers. Only 27% smokers reported that had ever been advised to quit smoking by health professionals in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to determine the associated factors with health professionals advising patients to quit smoking. A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 2008. 200 health professionals were recruited using stratified sampling from a medical center hospital of northern Taiwan. Structured questionnaires with cronbach’s α of 0.90 for internal reliability were self administrated by study participants. The research instrument used self-administrated questionnaire, was consisted of five subscales: (a) demographic characteristics (age, gender), professional characteristics (level of education, years of job, position, and types of clinical practice), and smoking habits; (b) attitudes of advising patients to quit smoking; (c) subjective norms of advising patients to quit smoking; (d) attempt of advising patients to quit smoking; (e) The obstacle factors of advising patients to quit smoking. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation with SAS version 10.1. The result in this research found the level of advising patients to quit smoking among health professions were partial implement. The score of advising patients to quit smoking among female health professionals were significantly higher than male (5.47 vs. 5.12, p=0.03). The score of advising patients to quit smoking among health professionals of nurses were significantly higher than other health professionals (p=0.006). The behavioral belief, evaluation, normative belief and motivation to comply of advising patients to quit smoking were significantly correlated with attempt of advising patients to quit smoking (r=0.43, r=0.52, r=0.54, r=0.57; p< .0001). Attempt of advising patients to quit smoking was significantly highly correlated with behaviors of advising patients to quit smoking (r=0.82, p< .0001). The top five obstacle factors of advising patients to quit smoking were「behavior change of patients are very difficult」,「care of disease is more important」,「lack of training of how to advising patients to quit smoking」,「Do not know unit or people of smoking cessation professional」,「lack of consultative skill」. The major obstacle factors of advising patients to quit smoking among health professionals were related with low perception of importance of patients smoking cessation. The curriculum of health professionals and on-job training should enhance the role of health professionals on smoking cessation to improve their attitude, attempt and behaviors of advising patients to quit smoking.
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Wu, Te-Pin, and 吳德彬. "Factors Influencing Intent To Quit Smoking Among Male Drug Inmates." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7m282s.
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碩士國防醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
106
Background: The rate of smoking in inmates is about 3 times that of the general population. 46.3% of those who commit drug crimes.The smoking rate of illegal drug abusers abroad is over 90%. Drug abuser smoking cessation research is an important public health issue. Drug abuser smoking cessation becomes an important public health issue. Purposes: To explore the relationship between the intent to quit smoking of drug inmates and their demographic characteristics, serving prison sentences, smoking experience, quitting smoking experience, and health status. Findings of this study may have policy implications. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional design. Study.Participant Male illict drug abuser , Survey conducted by census in January 2017. Questionnaires were self-requested by the study participants.To exclude non-illict drug abuser, non-smokers ,invalid questionnaires, and included 541 valid questionnaires. Research tools include: Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), Craving-VAS, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Self-conscious self-consciousness scale Relevance to the Intention to Quit Smoking. Results: Studied 538 people, 123 people (22.9%) had the intention to quit smoking.When the inmates enters the prison, the smoking rate can be reduced. The smoking rate of the illict drug inmates is higher than that of the non-drug inmates. 22.9% of the illict drug inmates smokers have intent to quit. Reasons for trying to quit smoking include for health concern, too expensive or increasing price of cigarettes, and for health concern of family Reasons for unabling to quit smoking include getting fat and having cigarette addiction. Significant predictors of intent to quit among drug inmates include visual craving smoking score, degree of smoking harmful to health, degree of smoking cessation to health, and degree of supporting smoking ban policies. Suggestions: Set up psychiatric clinics for drug addiction treatment including smoking cessation treatment. The in-house psychological counseling courses should integrate into the curriculum to promote quitting among inmates, self-efficacy in smoking cessation, smoking cessation benefits, and cognitive health education advocacy recognize the harmful effects of tobacco. The weight control course eliminates occupants who are concerned about the increase in body size after quitting smoking. Increase the economic burden of smoking and then try to participate in a smoking cessation clinic.
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Kuo, Wei-Lin, and 郭韋琳. "Factors associated with Quit Smoking Intention among Fathers of Elementary Schoolchildren." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98774970850281363087.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班
99
Background: The Bereau of Health Promotion (BHP) point that there are about five million smokers in Taiwan. Adult current smokers are nearly 40% of the males,especially most of them were young adult male.It is important influence of father’s smoking status on children’s smoking behavior. Schoolchildren’ s fathers was chosen as subjects in this study. Objectives: To explore fathers’ quit smoking intention and associated factors among schoolchildren in southern Taiwan. Methods: Data on fathers’ smoking behavior and related factors was obtained from the 2008 and 2009 Control of School-aged Children Smoking Study parental surveys of representative sample (n=1,409). The survey was conducted on fathers of third to sixth graders in 65 elementary schools in Kaohsiung City, Pintung and Taitung County. Logistic regression models were used to examine the influence factors on quit smoking intention in children’s fathers. Results: The results showed that having ever-quitting experience (aOR = 3.44, 95% CI: 2.42-4.90), the first cigarette after waking up more than 5 minutes (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.19-2.89) and cognitive tobacco hazards (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11) were significantly associated with quit smoking intention among children’s fathers. Furthermore, advised to quit smoking by the health care personnel (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03-2.40) or friend/colleague (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.25-2.78) and exposed to anti-smoking media through newspapers (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.00-6.31) were also significant factors associated with father’s quit smoking intention. Conclusions: The findings suggest that training the health care proposal to be a consultant of smoking cessation, and set up smoking cessation counseling station extensively. The workplace non-smoking norms should be established, and arrange the appropriate cessation-related health education. In addition, anti-smoking messages can be published in daily newspapers on the front page.
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CHENG, SHIH-WEI, and 鄭世緯. "Effectiveness of Military Smoking Policy to Intention to Quit for Recruits." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xx8328.
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碩士國防醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
105
Background and Objective: Smoking is a serious public health issue worldwide. It not only places a considerable burden on medical expenditure but also causes many types of cancer. Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Defense, and Health Promotion Administration have promoted the Prevention Project on Tobacco Use, the aim of which is to reduce the smoking prevalence rate with the objective of achieving a smoke-free military. We selected two new training regiments to explore whether the intensity of a smoking restriction policy correlates with recruits’ intention to quit smoking. Methods: An observational approach was employed, and two basic military centers were selected for observation: one was a new training regiment at Yilan (regular smoking restriction policy), and the other was a new training regiment at Miaoli (active smoking restriction policy).We used a structured questionnaire as the research instrument and employed a transtheoretical model to analyze the distribution of behaviors at different stages of smoking cessation. Two surveys were conducted: (a) a pretest questionnaire during the first week of training, and (ii) a posttest questionnaire 3 weeks before the training period. The collected data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations to realize the factors influencing changes in the respondents’ intentions to quit smoking. Results: The intensity of the smoking restriction policy did not show any significant effect on changes in the intention to quit smoking. At the pretest, 61.4% of the respondents were at the precontemplation stage, 14.8% were at the contemplation stage, 15.2% were at the preparation stage, and 8.6% were at the action stage under the regular smoking restriction policy; the corresponding percentages for the active smoking restriction policy were 52.4%, 17.2%, 21.6%, and 8.9%. At the posttest, these percentages were 63.7%, 18.3%, 16.0%, and 2.0% under the regular smoking restriction policy and 63.7%, 18.5%, 15.1%, and 2.7% under the active smoking restriction policy. The factors influencing behaviors at different stages of smoking cessation were parental attitude toward smoking, nicotine dependence, support from friends or family, quitting attempts during the past year, perceived harmful effects of smoking, perceived health status, perceived effects of smoking on interpersonal relationships, perceived importance of quitting smoking, level of difficulty in quitting, and degree of confidence in successfully quitting. Conclusion: Changes in the intention to quit smoking were similar under both the active and regular smoking restriction policies. We advise that the smoking restriction policy be implemented practically. Specific cessation strategies should be implemented on the basis of different stages of quitting. Despite the importance of enhancing the intention to quit, maintaining the intention to quit is also critical.
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Huang, Hui-Jung, and 黃惠君. "A Study to Establish Smoking Cessation Model in Workplace and Detect the Factor to Successful Smoking Quit." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80886768793919395250.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
職業安全衛生研究所碩士班
95
Objective: According to the reports, some factors affect the behavior of quitting smoke such as age, initial smoking age, educational level, birthplace, marriage etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to successful smoke quitting in workers of a steel factory. Method: (1) There were 145 steel factory male workers volunteered to our study, included 55 non-smokers, 47 smokers and 54 cessation of smoking. Questionnaires were taken to collect the demographics, smoking history, food intake habit, and work activity data. (2) We surveyed the quitted workers who attended a six-week smoking cessation program and were followed up for ten weeks afterward. (3) Urine samples were collected as well during the smoking cessation program and the follow trail. The quantity determination of cotinine was performed by LC-MS. Result: (1) The age range of the subjects were from 26 to 45 and 101 workers (68.2%) reported high education level. (2) Among the 54 workers who acceded the smoking cessation program, 26 staff were from cold rolling plant and the other 28 held a position in hot rolling plant. Their age ranged from 35 to 45. About 72.6 % person perfects to have chill, pepper or saltiness taste. The average duration of smoking of these 54 workers was 16.4 years and the mean smoking amount was 20.5 cigarettes per day whose mean nicotine addiction degree was 3.9. About 54% workers were in the coalesced offices, and 68.9% of them had exposure in ii environmental tobacco-smoke (ETS) in workplace. There were 22 workers quitted smoking over 3 months after the smoking cessation program, 19 workers smoked less than before, and 10 workers remained smoking as usual. The staff who had quit smoking for three month were associated with educational level (p=0.044), betel nut-using (p=0.045) and heavy food taste (p=0.041). After adjusting for the factor of age, the favorite spicy food showed positive correlation (OR=1.75, p <0.05) and high educational level revealed negative relation (OR= 0.13, p <0.05) with the smoke quitting.