Academic literature on the topic 'How women respond to psychiatric diagnosis'
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Journal articles on the topic "How women respond to psychiatric diagnosis"
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Mehl-Madrona, Lewis, Patrick McFarlane, and Barbara Mainguy. "Epigenetics, Gender, and Sex in the Diagnosis of Depression." Current Psychiatry Research and Reviews 15, no. 4 (January 15, 2020): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666082215666191029141418.
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Background : A marked sexual dimorphism exists in psychiatric diagnoses. Culture derived gender bias in diagnostic criteria is one explanation. Adverse childhood events, including sexual and physical abuse, are more reliable and consistent predictors of later psychiatric diagnoses, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Some interesting interactions between genes and experience have been uncovered, but the primary effect appears to be epigenetic with life experience altering gene expression and being transmitted to subsequent generations. Objectives : To determine if reconceptualizing depression as encompassing both internalizing and externalizing strategies would eliminate gender differences in the diagnosis of depression Methods : We reviewed 74 life stories of patients, collected during a study of the effect of physicians’ knowing patients’ life stories on the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. Looking at diagnoses, the prevalence of women to men was 2.9 to 1. We redefined depression as a response to being in a seemingly hopeless situation accompanied by despair, either externalizing ((more often diagnosed as substance use disorders, impulse control disorders, antisocial personality disorder, or bipolar disorder) or internalizing (the more standard diagnosis of depression). Then we reviewed these life stories from that perspective to determine how many would be diagnosed as depressed. Results : With this reconceptualization of depression, the sex ratio changed to 1.2 to 1. Conclusions: From this perspective, men and women are equally likely to respond to hopelessness, though men are more socialized to externalize and women to internalize. Considering depression in this way may help to better identify men at risk for suicide.
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Strauss Swanson, Charlotte, and Tracy Schroepfer. "Personal reactions to sexual assault disclosures made by female clients diagnosed with serious mental illness." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 13, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-10-2017-0057.
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Purpose Mental health practitioners working with female clients diagnosed with a serious mental illness (SMI) often face client disclosures of sexual assault. Research has shown that practitioners’ responses can be complicated by the diagnosis and lack of professional training; however, less is known about the role their personal factors may play. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to further understanding of practitioners’ personal reactions and investigate how these reactions affect their professional response. Design/methodology/approach Nine mental health practitioners participated in face-to-face interviews, in which they were asked to describe their personal reactions when faced with a disclosure and to discuss how these reactions influence client assessment, treatment and referral. Findings The study results show that lacking training, practitioners expressed feelings of uncertainty, fear and worry about how best to respond without causing further harm. Findings serve to inform future training to support practitioners and, as a result, improve care and treatment for this population. Originality/value This study is unique because it explores the personal reactions mental health practitioners’ experience when responding to disclosures of sexual assault among women diagnosed with an SMI and how these reactions may impact their professional response.
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Roselló Peñaloza, Miguel, Pablo Gómez Fuentealba, and Patricia Castillo Gallardo. "Sex differences and the influence of social factors in a Chilean urban psychiatric hospital population." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 64, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764017748343.
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Background: The epidemiological literature has reported differences by sex in the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses. However, we know little about how other socio-demographic factors participate in these differences. Aim: To identify the socio-demographic factors that correlate with prevalent psychiatric diagnoses in women and men in a Chilean urban psychiatric hospital population. Method: Socio-demographic information (age, educational level, marital status, family group and work status), psychiatric diagnoses and sex of the population were collected for 3,920 patients of a tertiary care hospital during a period of 8 years (2007–2014). The data were subjected to bivariate and multivariate analyses comparing the results by sex. Results: Among the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses, those significantly correlated with sex were eating disorders and major depression (women) and schizophrenia (men). Socio-demographic factors behave differently in men and women regarding those diagnoses. Among the differences, working and being married correlated directly with the diagnosis of depression only among women. Living alone correlated directly with the diagnosis of schizophrenia among men, but correlated inversely among women. Conclusion: Dissimilar associations between sex, psychiatric diagnosis and socio-demographic factors found in this Latin American sample invite us to reflect on how social conditions crosscut the relation between sex and psychopathology and to include gender perspectives in psychiatric practices.
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Smith, Annette R. "Alcoholism and Gender: Patterns of Diagnosis and Response." Journal of Drug Issues 16, no. 3 (July 1986): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600307.
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Through in-depth interviews with 10(ten) male and 10(ten) female self-identified recovering alcoholics, this study examines the gender-related differences in pathways to alcoholism diagnosis and treatment. Respondents' stories suggest that while denial of the diagnosis delays appropriate treatment for both men and women, gender-related differences in the nature of the denial systems, such as who makes the diagnosis, who responds to it and how, keep women from such treatment more often than men. This applies irrespective of other gender differences in actual drinking behavior or rationale, symptoms (including psychopathology), time of onset or course of illness.
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Mace, Chris, and Sharon Binyon. "Teaching psychodynamic formulation to psychiatric trainees: Part 1: Basics of formulation." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11, no. 6 (November 2005): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.6.416.
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All psychiatrists should be able to construct a psychodynamic formulation of a case. A key advantage of formulation over diagnosis is that it can be used to predict how an individual might respond in certain situations and to various psychotherapies. This article looks in some depth at what psychiatric trainees need to be taught about psychodynamic formulation. We introduce formulation in terms of four levels, each level corresponding to a different degree of theoretical and clinical sophistication and therefore to different trainees' needs. We use a case vignette to illustrate how a clinical situation might be formulated at each of these levels.
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Casarotti, Humberto L. "The "mental feature" in mental illness: difficulties that this reality poses for diagnosis and classification." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 35, no. 2 (2013): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2237-60892013000200001.
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Four points are considered in this article. In the first place, it is argued that the "settings" of psychiatric care express the need to respond to the degree of decrease in personal freedom of the patient. Then, the issue of how "the mental feature" of the mental pathology has been recognized and categorized since the 18th century is examined, pointing out the difficulties involved in considering the mental nature of the subject of psychiatry. In the third place, the issue of how current systems of diagnosis and classification are posed regarding this reality is briefly looked at. Finally, the characteristics of a working hypothesis that allows organizing consistent clinical facts providing a heuristic perspective are analyzed.
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Gaalema, Diann E., Jennifer W. Tidey, Danielle R. Davis, Stacey C. Sigmon, Sarah H. Heil, Maxine L. Stitzer, Michael J. Desarno, Valeria Diaz, John R. Hughes, and Stephen T. Higgins. "Potential Moderating Effects of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Symptom Severity on Subjective and Behavioral Responses to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, Supplement_1 (December 2019): S29—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz139.
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Abstract Introduction Given FDA’s authority to implement a cigarette nicotine reduction policy, possible outcomes of this regulation must be examined, especially among those who may be most affected, such as those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Methods In this secondary analysis of a multisite, randomized, clinical laboratory study, we used analyses of variance to examine the effects of nicotine dose (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, and 15.8 mg/g of tobacco), depressive and anxiety diagnoses (depression only, anxiety only, both, or neither), and depressive and anxiety symptom severity on cigarette choice, smoke exposure, craving, and withdrawal across three vulnerable populations: socioeconomically disadvantaged women of reproductive age, opioid-dependent individuals, and those with affective disorders (n = 169). Results Diagnosis and symptom severity largely had no effects on smoking choice, total puff volume, or CO boost. Significant main effects on craving and withdrawal were observed, with higher scores in those with both anxiety and depression diagnoses compared with depression alone or no diagnosis, and in those with more severe depressive symptoms (p’s < .001). These factors did not interact with nicotine dose. Cigarettes with <15.8 mg/g nicotine were less reinforcing, decreased total puff volume, and produced significant but lower magnitude and shorter duration reductions in craving and withdrawal than higher doses (p’s < .01). Conclusions Reducing nicotine dose reduced measures of cigarette addiction potential, with little evidence of moderation by either psychiatric diagnosis or symptom severity, providing evidence that those with comorbid psychiatric disorders would respond to a nicotine reduction policy similarly to other smokers. Implications Thus far, controlled studies in healthy populations of smokers have demonstrated that use of very low nicotine content cigarettes reduces cigarette use and dependence without resulting in compensatory smoking. These analyses extend those findings to a vulnerable population of interest, those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Cigarettes with very low nicotine content were less reinforcing, decreased total puff volume, and produced significant but lower magnitude and shorter duration reductions in craving and withdrawal than higher doses. These nicotine dose effects did not interact with psychiatric diagnosis or mood symptom severity suggesting that smokers in this vulnerable population would respond to a nicotine reduction strategy similarly to other smokers.
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Townsend, Tiffany G., Stacey Kaltman, Farzana Saleem, Dionne S. Coker-Appiah, and Bonnie L. Green. "Ethnic Disparities in Trauma-Related Mental Illness: Is Ethnic Identity a Buffer?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 11-12 (April 5, 2017): 2164–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517701454.
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Despite evidence that racial and ethnic characteristics influence the impact of traumatic exposure on psychological health, little is known about how race and ethnic identity can alter, and possibly protect against, the effects of trauma on the psychiatric diagnoses of women. Therefore, the present study examined the moderating role of race/ethnicity and ethnic identity in the link between trauma exposure and psychiatric diagnosis for African American and Caucasian college women. Participants were a sample of 242 women from the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States who self-identified as African American or Black (31%) and European American or Caucasian (69%; M age = 19.5 years). Interviews were conducted over the phone to screen for trauma, followed by longer in-person interviews. Each of the interviewers was supervised, and interviews were reviewed to control for quality. Regression analyses revealed that the number of traumatic events was a stronger predictor of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses for Caucasian women. In addition, ethnic identity served as a protective factor against trauma exposure among participants. The findings suggest that ethnic identity is a relevant buffer against potential psychiatric diagnoses as result of exposure to traumatic events for both Caucasian and African American women.
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Rivis, I., I. Papavă, M. Minciună, A. Bredicean, and S. Ursoniu. "The emotional schemas of psychiatric patients- a case-control study." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S468—S469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1251.
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IntroductionOur Emotional Schemas dictate how we deal with our own emotions, therefore, how we interpret and face different events that occur in our everyday life. Maladaptive schemas have been proven to be at fault for the inability to face different challenges.ObjectivesThis study aims to find the differences in emotional schemas between subjects with history of psychiatric disorder and subjects without a psychiatric disorder.MethodsWe realized a case-control study matched for age and gender, and analyzed the answers of 28 subjects (14 women and 14 men) to Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS); 14 of which have a personal history of psychiatric disorders, while the remaining 14 had no such history. The LESS evaluation was part of a bigger study and was addressed to the general population, over 18 years old. The test was applied online, with the informed consent of the subjects.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 40.28±13.98. Out of the 14 subjects with a psychiatric diagnosis, 71,43% have a job, 21,43% are retired and 1% are still studying. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the Higher Values dimension of the Emotional Schemas (p=0.0419). Also, the question regarding the feeling of shame when it comes to their own feeling, showed significant difference between the two groups (p=0.0211).ConclusionsAs opposed to the subjects without a history of psychiatric disorder, those who do have a psychiatric diagnosis, feel more often devalued and ashamed, therefore having a lower self-esteem.
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Sceusa, F., A. Mauro, S. Pompili, L. Orsolini, and U. Volpe. "The impact of a regional training program on peripartum depression in territorial psychiatric services." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S181—S182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.481.
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IntroductionThe Unit of Clinical Psychiatry of the University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti – Ancona”, in collaboration with the Marche Region Health System, is conducting a national observational project entitled “Measures related to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and assistance of postpartum depressive syndrome”, aiming at promoting women’s Mental Health, particularly in pregnancy and peripartum period.ObjectivesThe primary objective is implementing all measures/interventions needed to promptly screening, early diagnosising, and supporting/caring women with mental health disease during pregnancy and peripartum period. A dedicated training program was performed by our clinical team belonging to the Peripartum Psychiatry Outpatient Service of the Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, at the University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti”, Ancona, Italy, to a selected audience of Gynecologists/Obstetricians/Nurses/Psychologists/Psychiatrists/GPs and Pediatricians.MethodsThe training program is a 2-days residential course, held on 21-22th September, 2020. After the training program, all participants (n= 70) were asked to provide an informed consent and complete an online questionnaire to evaluate knowledge/opinions/experiences and clinical practices in the field of depression in pregnancy and postpartum.ResultsA 40-items questionnaire investigated: a) general attitude in performing screening of depression/anxiety during pregnancy; b) overall knowledge about peripartum depression; c) overall knowledge about management/treatment; d) how physicians manage patients with peripartum depression/anxiety (i.e., how they perform screening/diagnosis/treatment during pregnancy, their levels of knowledge/confidence about psychopharmacology in pregnancy).ConclusionsThe findings of the residential course may allow clinicians to adequately inform and help in drafting a preventive, screening and management program able to assist regional stakeholders in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and assistance of perinatal depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "How women respond to psychiatric diagnosis"
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Gray, Jennie. "Living with a label: an action oriented feminist inquiry into women's mental health." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1833.
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Dorothy Smith (1987) says investigations often begin with ‘a feeling of uneasiness’. Smith’s insistence of the importance of starting with women’s standpoint, to redress the way in which women’s lives have been negated or neglected in research, informs the methodological premise of this inquiry. The unease that prompted this project emerged in conversations I had with women diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder whilst working as a practitioner at a women’s health centre. The frequency with which the discourses of biomedicine figured in these women’s narrated experiences engendered a collective commitment to make problematic ‘living with a label’. Loosely connected as mental health service recipients, the women I researched with are often positioned as ‘subject’ to an objective medical gaze. Disrupting dichotomies that these women are accustomed to in clinical settings, and destabilising notions of neutral and detached research, our investigations were contingent, reflexive and relational. Recognising that all were intrinsic to the knowledge production processes, this project was cast in the feminist ‘with’, rather than the ‘on’. Together we explored how women read and respond to a psychiatric diagnosis in their daily lives, to generate understandings that can be used by the women who joined this project. This included close consideration of social relations shaping the lived actualities these women described, and their agency in sustaining and unsettling these.Acknowledging these women’s capacity to have expertise not only as reporters, but as theorists too, experience and analysis were conflated in our explorations of ‘living with a label’. Congruent with feminist philosophy, our methodology had a praxis orientation as well, ‘to produce different knowledge and to produce knowledge differently’ as Patti Lather (2001) suggests. The attendant opportunities to research the process of researching and contemplate how we might participate in change-oriented activities were thus integral to this project. Our experience of researching together, and allowing the ‘researched’ room to know and act, produced possibilities, and also created conundrums, perhaps less frequently encountered in more conventional research – all of which gave rise to celebration!
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Gray, Jennie. "Living with a label: an action oriented feminist inquiry into women's mental health." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Work and Social Policy, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16963.
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Dorothy Smith (1987) says investigations often begin with ‘a feeling of uneasiness’. Smith’s insistence of the importance of starting with women’s standpoint, to redress the way in which women’s lives have been negated or neglected in research, informs the methodological premise of this inquiry. The unease that prompted this project emerged in conversations I had with women diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder whilst working as a practitioner at a women’s health centre. The frequency with which the discourses of biomedicine figured in these women’s narrated experiences engendered a collective commitment to make problematic ‘living with a label’. Loosely connected as mental health service recipients, the women I researched with are often positioned as ‘subject’ to an objective medical gaze. Disrupting dichotomies that these women are accustomed to in clinical settings, and destabilising notions of neutral and detached research, our investigations were contingent, reflexive and relational. Recognising that all were intrinsic to the knowledge production processes, this project was cast in the feminist ‘with’, rather than the ‘on’. Together we explored how women read and respond to a psychiatric diagnosis in their daily lives, to generate understandings that can be used by the women who joined this project. This included close consideration of social relations shaping the lived actualities these women described, and their agency in sustaining and unsettling these.Acknowledging these women’s capacity to have expertise not only as reporters, but as theorists too, experience and analysis were conflated in our explorations of ‘living with a label’. Congruent with feminist philosophy, our methodology had a praxis orientation as well, ‘to produce different knowledge and to produce knowledge differently’ as Patti Lather (2001) suggests. The attendant opportunities to research the process of researching and contemplate how we might participate in change-oriented activities were thus integral to this project. Our experience of researching together, and allowing the ‘researched’ room to know and act, produced possibilities, and also created conundrums, perhaps less frequently encountered in more conventional research – all of which gave rise to celebration!
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Cumin, Julie. "“An Art, Not a Science” : how do experienced clinicians differentiate autism from psychiatric conditions in adult women?" Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24392.
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Introduction. Les femmes autistes sans déficience intellectuelle ni retard du langage ont une meilleure motivation sociale et des capacités langagières plus typiques que leurs homologues masculins. Ceci pourrait expliquer le sous-diagnostic des femmes autistes. Paradoxalement, l’autisme pourrait être surdiagnostiqué chez des populations psychiatriques avec des difficultés sociales. En effet, les critères de diagnostic demeurent assez larges, et cette condition relativement moins stigmatisée que plusieurs troubles psychiatriques. Il existe peu de directives pour les cliniciens hésitant à attribuer les difficultés adaptatives des femmes à (1) de l’autisme, (2) une condition psychiatrique, ou (3) les deux.
Les aspects qualitatifs de cette condition, absents des manuels de diagnostic, sont systématiquement identifiés par les cliniciens rompus à l’exercice du diagnostic de l’autisme. Ainsi, notre étude vise à mieux caractériser les difficultés liées à l’évaluation des femmes adultes pour un diagnostic d’autisme, ainsi que les traits, comportements et outils spécifiques utilisés pour différencier l’autisme de conditions psychiatriques.
Méthodes. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été effectués avec 20 psychiatres et psychologues experts en diagnostic de l’autisme chez les femmes, dans 7 pays différents. La méthode Framework a permis de révéler des thèmes adressant nos objectifs de recherche.
Résultats. Selon nos participants, les femmes autistes semblaient avoir appris certaines contingences sociales leur permettant de paraître plus typique, et la question du diagnostic différentiel se posait souvent. Les cliniciens effectuaient donc des entretiens flexibles et longs, et validaient les informations apportées par la personne. Plusieurs des traits cités comme indicatifs de l’autisme reflétaient une connaissance clinique de l’autisme. Le trauma, ainsi que le trouble de personnalité limite, étaient considérés comme particulièrement difficiles à départager de l’autisme.
Conclusion. L’évaluation pour autisme chez les femmes adultes présente des problématiques particulières que les cliniciens adressent en utilisant des boites à outils individuelles. Chez cette population, une capacité à proposer des pistes alternatives chez les personnes non-autistes s’étant auto-identifiées au spectre est primordiale.Introduction. Autistic women present with greater social motivation and more typical language abilities than their male counterparts, leaving them vulnerable to misdiagnosis or late diagnosis. Paradoxically, there is concern about potential overdiagnosis of autism in psychiatric populations presenting with social difficulties, as diagnostic criteria remain relatively vague and autism less stigmatizing than many psychiatric conditions. Little guidance exists to guide clinicians when deciding whether to attribute adaptative difficulties in adult women to (1) autism, (2) a psychiatric condition, or (3) both. Research suggests that autism is best reliably identified by expert clinicians having been exposed to a high number of autism cases, who notice qualitative aspects of the condition not included in diagnostic manuals. Thus, we aimed to better characterize the difficulties faced by clinicians in assessing adult women for autism, and the traits, behaviors and tools used to differentiate between autism and psychiatric conditions. Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 psychiatrists and psychologists from 7 different countries, experienced in autism diagnosis of adult women. The Framework Method was used to reveal themes relevant to our research goals. Results. According to participants, autistic women had learned certain social contingencies allowing them to appear more typical, which made differential diagnosis a frequent question. Clinicians recommended long, flexible assessments, and validating the information volunteered by the person. Many traits cited as indicative of autism reflected a clinical knowledge of autism. Trauma and Borderline Personality Disorder were cited as particularly difficult to differentiate from autism. Conclusion. Evaluating for autism in adult women presents with singular challenges which clinicians address using individual toolboxes. In this population, it may be crucial to have the capacity to offer alternative avenues for non-autistic people having self-identified with the spectrum.
Books on the topic "How women respond to psychiatric diagnosis"
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Keel, Pamela K. The Void Inside. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190061166.001.0001.
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Right now, more than 2 million girls and women in the United States suffer from purging disorder, an eating disorder characterized by vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications to control weight or shape, and nearly half a million boys and men join them. But purging disorder’s status as an “other” eating disorder has left it invisible to all but those who suffer from it. This book provides the go-to resource for accurate, scientifically based information for those who suffer with the illness, their friends and loved ones, health professionals, educators, and anyone interested in learning about this hidden psychiatric illness. This book distinguishes purging disorder from the better-known eating disorders, explains what factors contribute to its unique development and maintenance and what treatments work, and describes outcomes associated with this illness. Topics include the emergence of purging disorder as a “new” eating disorder at the turn of the millennium; cross-cultural presentations of the illness; theories and research findings regarding social, psychological, and biological mechanisms driving this illness; medical complications associated with purging; approaches to assessment and treatment; and information on recovery from 10 weeks to 10 years following diagnosis with purging disorder. Case studies and quotes from those impacted by purging disorder present how the illness affects the lives of real people to underscore the severity, chronicity, and need for greater awareness of this invisible illness.
Book chapters on the topic "How women respond to psychiatric diagnosis"
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Steinberg, Martin. "Alzheimer’s Disease." In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309430.003.0016.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive degenerative dementia, causes suffering for millions of patients as well as their caregivers. Among the elderly, the prevalence of AD increases dramatically with age: it is about 5% to 7% in people 65 years of age and older and rises to 40% to 50% in those older than 90 years of age (Rabins, Lyketsos, and Steele, 1999). AD typically affects short-term memory first; over time, impairment in language, praxis, recognition, and executive function occur. In the late stages, patients become completely dependent on others. In addition to this cognitive and physical burden, psychiatric signs and symptoms are nearly universal. These psychiatric phenomena, which include depression, delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and aggression, affect as many as 90% of patients with dementia over the course of their illness (Steinberg et al., 2003). Psychiatric phenomena often present differently in patients with AD than in the population without dementia. Uncertainty remains regarding how to best classify many of these phenomena. For example, delusions can be described as occurring in isolation, or as part of a psychotic syndrome, with associated features such as irritability and agitation. Delusions can also occur as part of a depressive syndrome or delirium. Little research is currently available to guide treatment. Nevertheless, many syndromes can be accurately diagnosed and can respond to a variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments. Depressive phenomena are common in AD. Estimates for the prevalence of major depression in patients with AD are 20% to 25%, (Lyketsos et al., 2003). Due to their dementia, patients with AD are often poor historians. They may not be aware of Depressive phenomena or able to recall them, and their aphasia may make describing symptoms difficult. Therefore, information from a reliable caregiver is crucial for making a proper diagnosis. Depressive disorders in AD are often somewhat different from those occurring in the absence of dementia. In particular, patients with AD may not endorse hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, or worthlessness (Zubenko et al., 2003). Patients with AD, however, express symptoms such as anxiety, anhedonia, irritability, lack of motivation, and agitation (Rosenberg et al., 2005).
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Furlan, Pier Maria, and Luca Ostacoli. "Management of psychiatric disorders in medically ill patients, including emergencies." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1128–34. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0146.
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The coexistence of psychiatric disorders in patients with medical illnesses may influence both the diagnosis and the course of the illness by their effects on pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic processes. There may also be effects on patients’ collaboration with treatment and on their relationships with health care staff. Several factors change the management of, medical illnesses and psychiatric disorders, and their inter-relation ♦ increased life-expectancy and increasing survival of people with-severe illness alter the risk of other medical and psychiatric disorders; ♦ social changes affecting family structure can affect care giving. Other social factors include changes in the role of women (work, delayed maternity); increased immigration with consequent cultural diversity including different concepts of medical and psychiatric disorders (see Chapter 1.3.2); ♦ increased use of medication in medical and in psychiatric treatment, and changes in the organization of health care and social assistance from hospital-based to community-based. This chapter describes how to recognize, treat and manage psychiatric disorders in medical illnesses.
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Harrison, Paul, Philip Cowen, Tom Burns, and Mina Fazel. "Reactions to stressful experiences." In Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 135–60. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198747437.003.0007.
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‘Reactions to stressful experiences’ covers emotional and physiological elements of the response to stress and the way in which maladaptive coping patterns and inappropriate defence mechanisms can lead to clinical disorders. Stress reactions are often short-lived and respond to support from friends and family. However, particularly severe stresses can lead to the condition of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an important source of morbidity and disability, whose clinical features, psychology, neurobiology, and treatment are described in detail. The chapter also covers adjustment to threatening and traumatic life events, such as childhood abuse, sexual assault in women, the refugee experience, serious physical illness, and bereavement. These events can produce various kinds of adverse psychological consequences over the lifespan, and the chapter shows how these psychiatric sequelae can be recognized, theoretically understood, and best managed according to current evidence-based practice.
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Kalder, Matthias, and Karel Kostev. "Epidemiology of Gynaecological and Breast Cancers." In Research Anthology on Advancements in Women's Health and Reproductive Rights, 187–212. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6299-7.ch011.
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This chapter describes the incidences of breast cancer, genital organ cancer, in particular cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, including the five-year survival rates among women with these cancer diagnoses. Additionally, these incidences will be presented from different countries of the world. The absolute five-year survival rate indicates how many cancer patients are still alive at a certain point after diagnosis. Moreover, the age structure of women with cancer in Germany is shown. Additionally, anxiety and depression are common comorbidities of cancer and will serve in this chapter to give an example of applied epidemiology. These two conditions result from the uncertain course of the cancer disease, reduced life expectancy, and profound life changes. The impact of breast cancer or genital organ cancer on mental health is described, and it is shown which psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms potentially will occur during the course of the cancer disease.
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Kalder, Matthias, and Karel Kostev. "Epidemiology of Gynaecological and Breast Cancers." In Handbook of Research on Oncological and Endoscopical Dilemmas in Modern Gynecological Clinical Practice, 1–21. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4213-2.ch001.
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This chapter describes the incidences of breast cancer, genital organ cancer, in particular cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, including the five-year survival rates among women with these cancer diagnoses. Additionally, these incidences will be presented from different countries of the world. The absolute five-year survival rate indicates how many cancer patients are still alive at a certain point after diagnosis. Moreover, the age structure of women with cancer in Germany is shown. Additionally, anxiety and depression are common comorbidities of cancer and will serve in this chapter to give an example of applied epidemiology. These two conditions result from the uncertain course of the cancer disease, reduced life expectancy, and profound life changes. The impact of breast cancer or genital organ cancer on mental health is described, and it is shown which psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms potentially will occur during the course of the cancer disease.
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Abel, Kathryn M. "Pregnancy prescribing of psychotropic drugs: Keeping pace in a contemporary landscape." In Perinatal Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0009.
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Pregnant women and their fetuses are more likely than ever to be exposed to antipsychotic medications; perhaps to the newer agents in particular. Drugs like clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine are increasingly used in women of reproductive age for a range of psychiatric and behavioural disorders other than schizophrenia (Buchanan et al. 2009). Reproductive safety data remain surprisingly incomplete and guideline recommendations lend limited support to clinical risk-benefit analyses (Howard 2005; McKenna et al. 2005; NICE 2007). This is a problem not least because the gold standard randomized controlled trial is considered unethical for assessing psychotropic medication use during pregnancy, while other available observational studies are generally underpowered, with biased samples and therefore remain unfit for purpose in a rapidly changing prescribing landscape (NICE 2007). In a UK population approaching 66 million, –3,000–4,000 births per year may be exposed to antipsychotics or other psychotropic medications. This chapter provides a critical summary of current knowledge about potential risks of fetal antipsychotic and antiepileptic drug exposure and proposes how future observational studies might fill crucial gaps in the evidence. Most incident cases of severe mental illness (schizophrenia, related disorders, and bipolar disorder) occur during the reproductive years and most are treated with continuous psychotropic pharmacotherapy (Buchanan et al. 2009). Better care, deinstitutionalization and the use of newer agents with fewer effects on fertility means that women with psychotic disorders maybe increasingly likely to become pregnant (Howard 2005; NICE 2007), while the use of newer ‘atypical’ antipsychotics for other mental disorders common among women of childbearing age is also expanding (McKenna et al. 2005). For these reasons, psychotropic medications is increasingly likely to be prescribed to mothers during pregnancy (Newport et al. 2007). It is surprising then that reproductive safety data for psychotropic agents remains so incomplete (Barnes 2008; Webb et al. 2004) and guideline recommendations lend limited support to women, their partners and their treating clinicians in difficult clinical risk-benefit analyses (NICE 2007). Recent reports conclude that prospective studies are needed which can access unbiased, reliable (large enough) samples of ill mothers exposed to psychotropic medication and take account of key maternal characteristics (e.g. psychiatric diagnosis, smoking, pregnancy weight) in the estimation of risk (Barnes 2008; NICE 2007).
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Eva, Gail. "The social experience of cancer." In Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing, edited by Mike Tadman, Dave Roberts, and Mark Foulkes, 89–102. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701101.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
A diagnosis of cancer leads to many changes in a person’s social identity, including changes in roles and family relationships. It often results in disruptions to employment, loss of income, and financial problems, and this can impair self-esteem. Families have to cope with challenges to family cohesion and resilience. Children may be particularly vulnerable, and nurses can help to support both children and their families through periods of adjustment. Family members or friends providing care have their own needs and challenges, taking on additional roles and responsibilities for which they may feel ill-prepared. Cancer occupies a powerful place in public consciousness and the media, often seen as an enemy to be fought. Cancer stories can also be framed as a struggle or in sporting metaphors, e.g. ‘race for life’. Gender affects perceptions of how people react to cancer, e.g. that men are more stoical and women more emotional. Age is also an important social factor, with both older and younger patients having particular needs that should be addressed. Nurses need to develop the capacity to respond to culturally diverse populations, in order to meet the needs of patients representing all parts of society. Some patients may feel a sense of stigma as a result of cancer, particularly if their appearance is changed or if they feel a sense of guilt about their illness. Nurses can support them in maintaining self-esteem and overcoming stigma.
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Weinman, John, and Keith J. Petrie. "Health psychology." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1135–43. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0147.
Full textAbstract:
Health psychology is concerned with understanding human behaviour in the context of health, illness, and health care. It is the study of the psychological factors, which determine how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they respond to illness and health care. Health psychology has emerged as a separate discipline in the past 30 years and there are many reasons for its rapid development. An important background factor is the major change in the nature of health problems in industrialized societies during the twentieth century. Chronic illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have become the leading causes of death, and behavioural factors such as smoking, diet, and stress are now recognized as playing a major role in the aetiology and progression of these diseases. The provision of health care has grown enormously and there is an increased awareness of good communication as a central ingredient of medical care and of the importance of such factors as patient satisfaction and quality of life as key outcomes in evaluating the efficacy of medical interventions. Although health psychology has developed over a similar time period to general hospital/liaison psychiatry and shares some common areas of interest, there are some clear differences between these two fields. Liaison psychiatry has a primary focus on hospital patients, particularly those experiencing psychological difficulties in the face of a physical health problem. In contrast, health psychology has a much broader focus on both healthy and ill populations and on the psychological processes that influence their level of health or their degree of adaptation to disease. Whereas health psychology has been mainly concerned with developing explanations based on theory, for health-related and illness-related behaviour, liaison psychiatry has concentrated on the diagnosis and treatment of either unexplained symptoms or psychiatric disorders occurring in people with medical conditions (see the other chapters in Part 5 of this volume). In this chapter we provide an overview of the main themes and areas in health psychology. Four broad areas of behaviour will be reviewed, namely behavioural factors influencing health, symptom and illness behaviour, health care behaviour, and treatment behaviour. Inevitably such an overview is selective and the interested reader should seek out a more comprehensive introductory text or more in-depth accounts of specific areas.
Conference papers on the topic "How women respond to psychiatric diagnosis"
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"PS-121 - PREGNANCY AND DUAL DIAGNOSIS: IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?" In 24 CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA DUAL. SEPD, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/abstractbooksepd2022.ps121.
Full textAbstract:
1. Objectives: To assess the impact of the pregnancy on dual-diagnosed women. 2. Material and methods: Non-systematic review of the literature, through research on PubMed database with the keywords “dual diagnosis”, “pregnancy” and “mental illness”. 3. Results and conclusions: Dual diagnosis refers to the co-occurrence of a mental illness and substance abuse. The mean age of diagnosis for both mental illnesses and substance abuse on women is between 25 and 34 years old, which coincides with the period when women are most likely to be pregnant. One of the existent barriers on this topic is the lack of knowledge on the part of care providers as to the difficulties and treatment needs of the dual diagnosis client, with resultant anxiety and confusion about how to intervene, the efficacy of treatments, and especially how to balance the needs of the mother and fetus. The studies on this area show that patients with a substance abuse disorder or dual diagnosis had a high-risk pregnancy and less prenatal care than those with a mental illness alone, being schizophrenia the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. For women who are dually diagnosed, the risks inherent in each disorder are combined with the potential for greater negative impact on pregnancy and the newborn.The risks of poor prenatal care, obstetric complications, and psychosocial difficulties increase and each disorder may exacerbate the other. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders in pregnancy can prevent morbidity in pregnancy and postpartum with the concomitant risks to mother and baby.