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Academic literature on the topic 'HPA axi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "HPA axi"

1

RAO, D. V. BHASKAR. "Tropical cyclone simulation with Emanuel’s convection scheme." MAUSAM 48, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v48i2.3953.

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ABSTRACT. A new convection parameterization scheme proposed by Emanuel (1991) is used to simulate the evolution of tropical cyclone. The numerical model used for this study is a 19 level axi-symmetric primitive equation, hydrostatic model in a z co-ordinate system. The vertical domain ranges from 0 to 18 km and the horizontal domain ranges upto 3114 km with a resolution of 20 km. in the central 400 km radius and with increasing radial distance thereafter. The evolution of an initially balanced vortex with an initial strength of 9 m/sec is studied. It is shown that Emanuel's convection scheme is successful in simulating the development of the initial vortex into a mature, intense cyclonic storm. At the mature stage, a minimum surface pressure of 930 hPa is attained with the associated low level maximum tangential wind speed of 70 m/sec. The simulated circulation features at the mature stage show the formation of an intense cyclone. Two different sensitivity experiments were performed. A set of experiments with the variation of sea surface temperature (SST) from 300.5° to 302° K in steps of 0.5° K have shown that the intensity of model cyclone increases with the increase of SST. Another set of experiments with variation of latitude has shown that the cyclonic storm is more intense at lower latitudes.

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Kim, Eun Hwa, and Na Hyun Kim. "Comparison of Stress Level and HPA axis Activity of Internet Game Addiction vs. Non-addiction in Adolescents." Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science 15, no. 4 (November 30, 2013): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2013.15.4.173.

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3

Chen, Feilong, Yao Xu, Siqi Sun, Xiaowei Shi, Aimin Liu, and Shaoxing Chen. "Halomicroarcula amylolytica sp. nov., a novel halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt mine." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 4978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004368.

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A halophilic archaeon named strain LR21T was isolated from a salt mine in Yunnan Province, PR China. Cells were spherical, Gram-stain-negative and motile. Strain LR21T grew at 20–50 °C (optimum, 42 °C), with 8–30 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 23 %) and at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.5). Mg2+ was not required for growth. The major polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate. Strain LR21T had two dissimilar 16S rRNA genes (rrnA and rrnB) and they were closely related to Halomicroarcula limicola YGHS32T, Hma. pellucida BNERC31T and Hma. salina YGHS18T with sequence similarities of 95.3–99.0, 93.0–96.2 and 93.2–95.9 %, respectively, and much lower values to other members. The rpoB′ gene sequence similarities between strain LR21T and Hma. limicola YGHS32T, Hma. pellucida BNERC31T and Hma. salina YGHS18T were 95.2, 91.2 and 91.2 % respectively. The values of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino-acid identity (AAI) between strain LR21T and Hma. limicola YGHS32T, were 89.0 and 90.1 %, respectively. DNA relatedness between strains LR21T and Hma. limicola YGHS32T determined by in silico DNA–DNA hybridization was 36.8 %. Values of ANI and AAI between strain LR21T and other members in the genus Halomicroarcula were far below 95 % and the DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain LR21T and its close relatives were much lower than 70 %, which is far below the boundary for delineation of a new species prokaryote. The DNA G+C content of strain LR21T was 62.0 mol% (genome). The results suggested that strain LR21T represents a novel species of the genus Halomicroarcula , for which the name Halomicroarcula amylolytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LR21T (=CGMCC 1.13611T=NBRC 113588T).

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Seo, Hyung-Seok, and Tae-Wook Kim. "Effects of cardiopulmonary fitness level on HPA axis hormone secretion and lipolysis during passive heating." Korean Journal of Sports Science 26, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2017.06.26.3.999.

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5

Silliman, Christopher C., Marguerite R. Kelher, Samina Y. Khan, and Samuel O. Sowemimo-Coker. "Experimental Antibody Filtration Inhibits Antibody-Mediated Neutrophil Priming and TRALI in An In Vivo model." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.41.41.

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Abstract Abstract 41 Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a leading cause of transfusion-related death with a majority of the reported cases secondary to the infusion of antibodies (Abs) contained within the plasma/blood component. An experimental filter that removes IgG was developed. We hypothesize that filtration of plasma with antibodies to leukocyte antigens will decrease both antibody-mediated priming of PMNs and antibody-mediated TRALI in a two-event in vivo model. Methods: Human plasma was drawn from healthy volunteers and IgG concentrations were measured before and after filtration. Plasma was obtained from two multiparous female donors: one with antibodies to HLA-A2 and to DR7 and the other with antibodies against HNA-3a. These plasma samples were filtered (F-Plas) or left as an unmodified control (Plas) and the anti-leukocyte antibodies were measured in a blinded fashion in referral labs using flow cytometry and Luminex™ beads or standard granulocyte antibody detection assays. These plasma samples were then used to prime the fMLP-activated respiratory burst, measured as the SOD-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c (nmol O2−/min), of PMNs from HNA-3a+ donors or donors homozygous donors for HLA-A2, respectively. For the two-event in vivo modeling rats were incubated with 2 μg/ml endotoxin (LPS, S. enteritides) or saline (NS) for 2 hours (first event) and then were transfused with heat-treated human plasma that contained 25 μg/ml of an antibody against the MHC class I antigen OX27 that was either filtered (or left unmodified) prior to infusion (second event) followed by Evans Blue dye (EBD). ALI was measured as %EBD leak from the plasma into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Statistical differences were measured via paired (PMN priming) or independent (in vivo TRALI) ANOVA, and data are reported as the mean ± the standard error of the mean. *=p<.05 vs. all groups (Table). Results: Plasma filtration removed 98±2.1% of IgG from normal plasma and both the antibodies to HNA-3a and HLA-A2 such that they were no longer detected (HLA-A2: 94 Luminex™ units (LU) pre-filtration and 0 LU units post-filtration and DR7: 30 LU pre-filtration and 0 LU post-filtration). In addition, filtration also inhibited the priming activity of the plasma containing antibodies to HNA-3a and HLA-A2 on HNA-3A+ PMNs and HLA-A2+ PMNs, respectively. Moreover, the plasma spiked with antibodies to OX27 caused ALI in LPS-treated rats, but not NS treated animals, which was inhibited by filtration. We conclude that this experimental filter removes IgG and detectable amounts of specific antibodies to HLA and HNA ligands as well as obviating the priming activity of these antibodies in PMNs which express the cognate antigens. Filtration of plasma spiked with specific antibodies to MHC ligands also abrogated the antibody-induced TRALI in a two-event, in vivo model. Such a filtration step could mitigate antibody-mediated TRALI.Abs/Tx'sfMLP (O2− nmol/min)Plas+ fMLPF-plas+ fMLPNS/plas (% EBD)NS/F-PlasLPS/PlasLPS/F-PlasHNA-3a0.7 ± .31.1 ± .2*0.6 ± .2HLA-A21.6 ± .63.4 ± .4*1.5 ± .4OX270.09 ± .020.13 ± .030.4 ± .14*0.13 ± .03 Disclosures: Silliman: Pall Corporation: Honoraria. Sowemimo-Coker:Pall Medical Corporation: Employment.

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Rychlik, A., M. Nowicki, A. Kolodziejska-Sawerska, and M. Szweda. "The effect of orally administered Budesonide on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 5 (May 9, 2017): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/130/2015-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Budesonide on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. The effect of orally administered Budesonide (Entocort) on the HPA axis was analysed in 21 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Biochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate the activity levels of alanine aminotransferase, asparagine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cortisol and endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone. Urine samples were collected from each patient before the study and after 30 days of the experiment to determine the composition and the physical and chemical properties of urine sediments. Considerably lower serum concentrations of cortisol and endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone were observed after 30 days of treatment. A significant increase in alkaline phosphatase levels was noted on Day 30. In the studied dogs, the drop in HPA axis activity was correlated with side effects associated with the administered glucocorticosteroid (polyuria, polydipsia). In conclusion, we have shown that oral administration of Budesonide to dogs diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease significantly suppressed the activity of the HPA axis.

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Thoß, Hendrik. "Jonathan Eig: Ali. Ein Leben." Das Historisch-Politische Buch 67, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/hpb.67.2.188.

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8

Wu, Huang-Pin, Li-Pang Chuang, Pi-Hua Liu, Chien-Ming Chu, Chung-Chieh Yu, Shih-Wei Lin, Kuo-Chin Kao, Li-Fu Li, and Duen-Yau Chuang. "Decreased Monocyte HLA-DR Expression in Patients with Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury." Medicina 58, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091198.

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Background and objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients, especially those with sepsis. Persistently low human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression in monocytes reflects the decreased function of antigen-presenting cells, contributing to poor outcomes in sepsis. This study aimed to establish an association between AKI and HLA-DR expression in monocytes of patients with sepsis. Materials and Methods: We detected HLA-DR expression in monocytes and measured plasma levels of S100A12, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), advanced glycation end products (AGE), and soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE) from septic patients and healthy controls. Results: HLA-DR expression in monocytes was decreased in patients with AKI than in those without AKI (29.8 ± 5.0% vs. 53.1 ± 5.8%, p = 0.005). Compared with AKI patients, the mean monocyte HLA-DR expression in patients with end-stage renal disease was increased without statistical significance. There were no differences in the AGE/sRAGE ratio and plasma levels of S100A12, HMGB1, AGE, and sRAGE between patients with and without AKI. Conclusions: Compared with septic patients without AKI, patients with AKI had significantly lower HLA-DR expression in monocytes. The role of hemodialysis in monocyte HLA-DR expression needs further studies to explore.

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Erum Shireen, Erum Shireen, Wafa Binte Ali Wafa Binte Ali, Maria Masroor Maria Masroor, Saeeda Bano Saeeda Bano, Samina Iqbal Samina Iqbal, and Muhammad Mansoor Hai and Darakhshan J. Haleem Muhammad Mansoor Hai and Darakhshan J Haleem. "Acute Stress Induced Behavioral Deficits In Rats: Relationship With Oxidative Stress, Leptin And HPA Axis." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 5 (2019): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000804/jcsp/41.05.2019.

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Acute exposure to stress is connected to many disorders that promote the toxicity of oxygen radical generators leading to increase in the levels of enzymes and also the activation of the HPA axis. The present study uses a preclinical approach to elucidate some prospective stress-induced behavioral and biochemical effects. The aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between stress and behavioral changes after exposing animals to 2h immobilization stress. We also evaluated the concentration of corticosterone, glucose and endogenous leptin levels in unstressed and stressed animals to explore the possible role of HPA axis in the modulation of stressed induced behavioral deficits. Rats were divided into stressed and unstressed groups. Behavioral activities were monitored in open field activity and light dark transition box after the termination of 2h immobilization period. Animals were then decapitated and plasma samples were collected for catalase, SOD, corticosterone, and glucose estimation. Results showed that exposure to acute stress produced a significant decrease in the activity of rats in the novel environment (open field) and light dark transition box. On the other hand, concomitant elevated level of peripheral markers of oxidative stress such as oxidative enzymes, corticosterone and endogenous leptin were also observed. Therefore, current study seems to suggest an important role of compounds having antioxidant properties for the treatment of stress and related disorders.

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Elhachimi, Fouad E. "HPAT Axis Dysfunction and Type II Diabetes Review." Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics 5, no. 6 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jqhe-16000308.

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According to the CDC, 1 in 10 or more than 34 million Americans have diabetes, and approximately 90 to 95% have type II diabetes (T2D). Between 1990 and 2010, the number of new diagnoses doubled yearly, and the number of patients living with diabetes tripled. This review establishes a direct association between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid (HPAT) axis dysregulation and T2D. In this review, we will focus on the compelling evidence that shows the progressive dysregulation of the HPAT axis and the increased values of circulating cortisol which is involved in the formation of visceral obesity through thyroid hormones, which play a crucial role in regulating energy and metabolism by controlling insulin production and glucose homeostasis, and how the HPAT axis plays a significant role in preventing or causing the development of T2D.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HPA axi"

1

Ford, Gemma. "Orexins and their involvement with the HPA axis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409833.

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Markopoulou, Kalypso. "HPA axis dysfunction in treatment resistant affective disorders." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hpa-axis-dysfunction-in-treatment-resistant-affective-disorders(3cac2a96-2cf1-43f8-a7e6-1c2fbc0b87b7).html.

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Background: TRD (Treatment Resistant Depression) patients have been shown to have hypercortisolemia and a hyperactive HP A (hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal) axis. The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) is a naturalistic measure of the HP A axis activity. Although found to be elevated in depression, it has never been explicitly studied in TRD; furthermore, results have never been compared between Treatment Resistant Unipolar Depression (TRUD) and Treatment Resistant Bipolar Depression (TRBD). In addition, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the other main adrenal steroid, and which may counteract the effects of cortisol on the brain, has never been measured in TRUD or TRBD. Aims and Methods: To assess the state and relevance of HP A axis changes in treatment-resistant depression using the following methods: (a) salivary cortisol, DHEA and the ratio of Cortisol/DHEA, measured at several points of the day over 2 days; and (b) the CAR (AUCg and AUCi), measured over 2 days. These parameters were compared: between TRUD and TRBD; between patients in episode and in remission; and with matched healthy controls. Results: TRUD patients in episode had a higher CAR (AUCg) compared to controls, remitted patients and TRBD. They also exhibited hypercortisolemia throughout the day (AUCg), and on some measures an elevated Cortisol/DHEA ratio. TRBD patients in episode exhibited a lower CAR (AUCg and AUCi) than controls, remitted patients and TRUD, particularly on Day 1. The Cortisol/DHEA ratio was also lower than controls on some measures. However, patients with remitted TRBD had higher Cortisol/DHEA ratios (but not CAR) than controls.

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Alves, Luana Maria Silva. "Participação de receptores ER e ER na ativação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal por estresse hemorrágico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-06012016-132149/.

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Em função da categoria dos estressores, vias neurais específicas são envolvidas e respostas distintas podem ser induzidas. A literatura tem reportado que o estrógeno (E 2 ) através de seus receptores de tipos (ER) e (ER) influencia a atividade do eixo hipotálamo hipófise adrenal (HPA). Além disso, há evidências de que o E2 exerça efeitos protetores em situação de choque hemorrágico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a participação dos receptores ER e ER na atividade do eixo HPA durante estresse hemorrágico. Foram utilizadas ratas Wistar ovariectomizadas que receberam injeções s.c. de DMSO (veículo), PPT (agonista ER) ou DPN (agonista ER), durante 3 dias. No segundo dia, as ratas foram canuladas para coleta seriada de sangue na manhã seguinte. Os animais receberam (controle) ou não (hemorrágicos) reposição imediata com salina. Os hormônios corticosterona (CORT), ocitocina (OT) e vasopressina (AVP) foram dosados por radioimunoensaio. Ao final do experimento, os ratos foram perfundidos e os cérebros processados para imuno-histoquímica de FOS, tirosina hidroxilase (TH) e hormônio liberador de corticotrofina (CRH). Nos animais tratados com veículo, a hemorragia gradual moderada aumentou a secreção de CORT, OT e AVP, a expressão de neurônios TH ativados na região A1C1 e de FOS no mpPVN. O PPT reduziu a secreção de CORT, na situação controle atuando no LC e mpPVN; e também após hemorragia atuando no LC, NTS, A1C1 e mpPVN. O DPN reduziu a secreção de CORT apenas após estresse hemorrágico atuando no LC, A1C1 e mpPVN. O PPT bloqueou o aumento da secreção de OT e aumentou a secreção de AVP, após hemorragia. O DPN, por sua vez, reduziu a concentração plasmática de OT e aumentou a concentração plasmática de AVP, independentemente da hemorragia. Em conclusão: o estrógeno pode exercer uma ação inibitória sobre a secreção basal de CORT somente através da ação do ER sobre o LC e mpPVN; a secreção de CORT aumenta em resposta à hemorragia gradual moderada e o estrógeno pode exercer um controle inibitório nessa resposta através de ER atuando sobre LC, NTS, A1C1 e mpPVN, bem como através de ER atuando sobre LC, A1C1 e mpPVN.
Depending on the stressors category, specific neural pathways are involved and different responses can be selected. It has been reported in the literature that estrogen (E2 ) can affect hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity through its receptors type (ER) and (ER). Moreover, there is evidence that E 2 has protecting properties after hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this work was to assess the participation of ER and ER on HPA axis activity during hemorrhagic stress. It was used ovariectomized Wistar rats that received s.c. injections of: DMSO (vehicle), PPT (ER agonist) or DPN (ER agonist), during 3 days. In the second day the rats were catheterized for serial blood collect in the next morning. Animals received (control) or not (hemorrhagic) immediate reposition with same volume of isotonic saline. The hormones corticosterone (CORT), oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) were measured by radioimmunoassay. At the end of the experiment, animals were perfused and their brains were processed for immuno-histochemistry for FOS, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). In vehicle treated animals, the gradual hemorrhage enhanced CORT, OT and AVP secretion, TH activated neurons expression in A1C1 and FOS expression in mpPVN. PPT decreased plasma CORT in control situation acting on LC and mpPVN, and also after hemorrhage acting on LC, NTS, A1C1 and mpPVN. DPN reduced plasma CORT only after hemorrhagic stress acting on LC, A1C1 and mpPVN. PPT blocked the increase of OT secretion and increased AVP secretion, after hemorrhage. The agonist DPN reduced OT and increased AVP levels, despite hemorrhage. In conclusion: E2 can exert an inhibitory effect on CORT basal secretion only through ER action on LC and mpPVN; CORT secretion increases after gradual moderate hemorrhage and E2 inhibit this secretion through ER action on LC, NTS, A1C1 and mpPVN, as well through ER action on LC, A1C1 and mpPVN.

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Kyle, Catriona Jane. "Contributions of cortisol and corticosterone to metabolic regulation in humans." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33042.

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Both cortisol and corticosterone circulate in human plasma however corticosterone has been relatively neglected in human research to date. There is evidence of distinct regulation within different tissues with the transmembrane transporter ABCB1, highly expressed in the brain, exporting cortisol but not corticosterone. This may account for the relative accumulation of corticosterone in the CNS. In contrast, ABCC1, highly expressed in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, exports corticosterone but not cortisol, suggesting cortisol is the principal glucocorticoid acting in these tissues. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) corticosterone physiology in humans is different to that of cortisol; (ii) inhibition of ABCC1 increases binding of corticosterone to corticosteroid receptors in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle but has no central CNS effect; and (iii) corticosterone is superior to cortisol as a basis for glucocorticoid replacement therapy with fewer metabolic side effects. We compared paired salivary and plasma samples from 10 healthy individuals. Plasma corticosterone showed a similar diurnal variation to cortisol but salivary corticosterone was low and did not correlate with plasma concentrations. A placebo-controlled randomised crossover study was carried out in 14 healthy individuals comparing receptor occupancy of glucocorticoids centrally and peripherally with and without ABCC1 inhibition. Receptor occupancy was assessed through displacement with MR and GR antagonists potassium canrenoate and mifepristone. Centrally, ABCC1 inhibition caused increased activation of the HPA axis after MR and GR antagonism. Peripherally, we were unable to show displacement from adipose tissue or skeletal muscle. A further placebo-controlled randomised crossover study is still ongoing in 16 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, comparing metabolic effects of placebo, cortisol and corticosterone infusions over 6 hours. We present interim data for n=8. ACTH and 17-OHP were suppressed with corticosterone. Metabolic parameters were similar between placebo, cortisol and corticosterone phases. These data suggest corticosterone physiology is distinct compared with cortisol in humans. We have shown ABCC1 inhibition alters the HPA axis after receptor antagonism which suggests ABCC1 may play more of a key role centrally than previously thought. Corticosterone suppresses ACTH and 17-OHP in the short term in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, highlighting the possibility of its use as an alternative glucocorticoid replacement therapy in the future.

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VAN, HOOREN DANIELLA CHRISTINE. "GluR5 IS INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF THE HPA AXIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1080156678.

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Peric, Tanja <1982&gt. "Hair: a tool to evaluate the HPA axis activity." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6253/1/WHOLE_THESIS_PERIC.pdf.

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Hair cortisol is a novel marker to measure long-term secretion cortisol free from many methodological caveats associated with other matrices such as plasma, saliva, urine, milk and faeces. For decades hair analysis has been successfully used in forensic science and toxicology to evaluate the exposure to exogenous substances and assess endogenous steroid hormones. Evaluation of cortisol in hair matrix began about a decade ago and have over the past five years had a remarkable development by advancing knowledge and affirming this method as a new and efficient way to study the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity over a long time period. In farm animals, certain environmental or management conditions can potentially activate the HPA axis. Given the importance of cortisol in monitoring the HPA axis activity, a first approach has involved the study on the distribution of hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in healthy dairy cows showing a physiological range of variation of this hormone. Moreover, HCC have been significantly influenced also by changes in environmental conditions and a significant positive correlation was detected between HCC and cows clinically or physiologically compromised suggesting that these cows were subjected to repeated HPA axis activation. Additionally, Crossbreed F1 heifers showed significantly lower HCC compared to pure animals and a breed influence has been seen also on the HPA axis activity stimulated by an environmental change showing thus a higher level of resilience and a better adaptability to the environment of certain genotypes. Hair proved to be an excellent matrix also in the study of the activation of the HPA axis during the perinatal period. The use of hair analysis in research holds great promise to significantly enhance current understanding on the role of HPA axis over a long period of time.

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Peric, Tanja <1982&gt. "Hair: a tool to evaluate the HPA axis activity." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6253/.

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Hair cortisol is a novel marker to measure long-term secretion cortisol free from many methodological caveats associated with other matrices such as plasma, saliva, urine, milk and faeces. For decades hair analysis has been successfully used in forensic science and toxicology to evaluate the exposure to exogenous substances and assess endogenous steroid hormones. Evaluation of cortisol in hair matrix began about a decade ago and have over the past five years had a remarkable development by advancing knowledge and affirming this method as a new and efficient way to study the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity over a long time period. In farm animals, certain environmental or management conditions can potentially activate the HPA axis. Given the importance of cortisol in monitoring the HPA axis activity, a first approach has involved the study on the distribution of hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in healthy dairy cows showing a physiological range of variation of this hormone. Moreover, HCC have been significantly influenced also by changes in environmental conditions and a significant positive correlation was detected between HCC and cows clinically or physiologically compromised suggesting that these cows were subjected to repeated HPA axis activation. Additionally, Crossbreed F1 heifers showed significantly lower HCC compared to pure animals and a breed influence has been seen also on the HPA axis activity stimulated by an environmental change showing thus a higher level of resilience and a better adaptability to the environment of certain genotypes. Hair proved to be an excellent matrix also in the study of the activation of the HPA axis during the perinatal period. The use of hair analysis in research holds great promise to significantly enhance current understanding on the role of HPA axis over a long period of time.

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8

Farooq, Rai Khalid. "Implication fonctionnelle du récepteur P2X7 dans les mécanismes neuroinflammatoires associés à la dépression : étude préclinique." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4022/document.

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Le projet de cette thèse s'est attaché à caractériser le rôle de l'IL-1 beta et les récepteurs P2X7 dans la dépression. Les résultats suggèrent que chez les souris stressés et les perturbation comportementaux, l'activation microgliales et endocriniennes sont reversées par l'antagoniste des P2X7Rs. Ces résultats mettent en évidence que l'antagoniste des récepteurs P2X7 a des effets comportementaux et neuroendocriniens
Research work of this thesis was aimed to characterize role of IL-1 beta and P2X7 receptors in depressive illness. Results suggest that i stressed mice the behavioral and neurobiochemical changes are reversed by use of P2X7R antagonist. It is an evidence of antidepressant of these compounds

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9

Iliadis, Stavros I. "Personality and the HPA-axis in Association with Postpartum Depression." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & gynekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-274956.

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Postpartum depression is a psychiatric disorder affecting a substantial proportion of newly delivered women, and remains a significant cause of childbirth-related morbidity. The aim of the present thesis was to examine psychological, endocrine and genetic aspects of postpartum depression in a large, population-based sample of women in Uppsala, Sweden. All included studies were undertaken as parts of the BASIC-project, a longitudinal study on psychological wellbeing during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Study participants were screened for depressive symptoms in pregnancy week 17 and 32 as well as at six weeks and six months postpartum, mainly by use of the Swedish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Furthermore, personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scale of Personality (SSP) in pregnancy week 32. Evening cortisol levels in saliva were measured in pregnancy week 36 and at six weeks postpartum. Blood samples were obtained to measure corticotropin-releasing hormone levels (CRH) and to perform genetic analyses. The results of this thesis demonstrate that neuroticism is a strong and independent predictive factor of depressive symptoms at six weeks and six months postpartum, and has a significant mediatory role in the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 gene (HSD11B1) and postpartum depression. Furthermore, women with postpartum depressive symptoms present with a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in terms of elevated cortisol levels postpartum, as well as elevated CRH levels in mid-gestation. In conclusion, this thesis develops current knowledge on several attributes of postpartum depression. Further studies are required to replicate and expand on these results, which would further contribute to early identification of women at risk of postpartum depression and adoption of proper interventions that may moderate the short- and long-term consequences of the disorder.

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Kalyani, Manu. "Interaction between Prolactin and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1397233916.

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Books on the topic "HPA axi"

1

Mukti, Ali A., Abdurrahman 1949-, Daya Burhanuddin 1938-, and Djam'annuri, eds. Agama dan masyarakat: 70 tahun H.A. Mukti Ali. [Yogyakarta]: IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Press, 1993.

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Ani? meragelet? [Tel Aviv]: Miśrad ha-Biṭaḥon, 1997.

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Romem, Yoram. Ani loḳeaḥ. Modiʻin: Kineret, Zemorah, Devir, 2021.

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Qiuming, Zhang, ed. Tu jie gu ai ji wen ming: Zhe yang ren shi gu ai ji zhen you qu. Tai bei shi: Shang zhou, 2013.

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Ṭvardovits, Menaḥem Mendel, compiler of added commentary, ed. Maḥzor ha-shalem le-Rosh ha-Shanah: Machzor for Rosh Hashanah : kefi ha-nahug etsel ha-Ḥasidim ha-mitpalelim be-sidur ha-Arizal nusaḥ rabenu ha-ḳadosh k.ḳ Admor mi-Lyadi, n. ʻa. z.y. ʻa. baʻal ha-Tanya ṿeha-Sh. ʻa. : ʻim perush meshulav ṿe-horaʼot shimush meforaṭot. Bruḳlin, N.Y: Ḳehot, hotsaʼat ha-Merkaz le-ʻinyene ḥinukh, 2012.

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ill, Kober Shahar, ed. Engineer Ari and the Rosh Hashanah ride. Minneapolis, MN: Kar-Ben Pub., 2008.

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Cohen, Deborah Bodin. Engineer Ari and the Rosh Hashanah Ride. Minneapolis: Lerner Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.

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Bloi, Mosheh. Sefer Berakhah neʼemanah: Beʼurim u-ferushim ʻal nusaḥ "Ani maʼamin" sheba-tefilah. Bene-Beraḳ: [ḥ. mo. l.], 1998.

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Israel) Yeshivat Rashbi (Bene Beraḳ. Mafteḥot le-khol ḥelḳe sifre Avi ʻezri u-Vet ha-midrash. Yerushalayim: Yeshivat Rashbi, Bene-Beraḳ, 1986.

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Gazit, Nir. Ani Yerushalmi: "Kol ha-ʻir" ke-praḳṭiḳah tarbutit ha-hotsah u-meshameret gevulot. Yerushalayim: ha-Merkaz ʻa. sh. Shain le-meḥḳarim be-madaʻe ha-ḥevrah, ha-Universiṭat ha-ʻIvrit, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "HPA axi"

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Tang, Ju Ying, Shao Ling Zhang, Diao Zhu Lin, and Li Yan. "Detection of Mid-Night Salivary Cortisol By Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—064—LBT—064. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-064.

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Zhang, Shao Ling, Ya Juan Deng, and Li Yan. "A Case of Bilateral Adrenal Adenoma with Immunohistochemical Analysis of Disabled-2 and Nox-2." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—065—LBT—065. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-065.

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Dai, David, Ishita Singh, and Jerome M. Hershman. "Licorice Lozenge-Induced Hypermineralcorticoid State." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—066—LBT—066. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-066.

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Masood, Awais. "Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Presenting with Bilateral Adrenal Masses and Adrenal Insufficiency." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—067—LBT—067. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-067.

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Osinga, Thamara E., Paraskevi Xekouki, Joan Nambuba, Fabio R. Faucz, Maria De La Luz Sierra, Thera P. Links, Ido P. Kema, et al. "ConfirmingSdhxGenetic Status in Saliva: A Novel Method of Genetic Testing in Patients with Pheochromocytoma." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—068—LBT—068. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-068.

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Rathi, Manjusha S. "Bilateral Adrenal Incidentaloma: A Diagnostic Challenge." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—069—LBT—069. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-069.

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Poglitsch, Marko. "The AA2-Ratio: A Novel Screening Test for Primary Aldosteronism in Hypertensive Patients." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—070—LBT—070. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-070.

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Peynirci, Hande, Kevser Onbasi, Pinar Sisman, Güven Özkaya, Nagehan Dik, Nihal Yilmaz, Riza Karaduman, Özen Öz Gül, Canan Ersoy, and Erdinc Erturk. "Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Features of Adrenocortical Carcinomas and Non-Functional Incidentalomas." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—071—LBT—071. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-071.

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Chagpar, Ryaz, Pinar Yazici, Jessica Marquard, Shamil Aliyev, Allan E. Siperstein, Charis Eng, and Eren Berber. "Genetic Evaluation for Patients with Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Variation in Patterns of Referral." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—072—LBT—072. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-072.

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Sharma, Sonakshi, and Ian MacMurray Holdaway. "Cytomegalovirus Adrenalitis Leading to Adrenal Insufficiency in a Patient with AIDS, Disguised By Concomitant Corticosteroid Administration." In Late-Breaking Adrenal/HPA Axis I, LBT—073—LBT—073. 2055 L Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036: Endocrine Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo-meetings.2015.ahpaa.11.lbt-073.

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Conference papers on the topic "HPA axi"

1

Mohammadbagheri, Amin, Connie Lillas, and Nathaniel D. Osgood. "Mathematical Modeling of HPA axis Using Particle Filter Algorithm." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichi.2018.00073.

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Kura, D., H. Moser, E. Langenbach, and M. Forrer. "Fast axis collimation for high power diode lasers." In Systems Conference (HPD). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hpd.2009.5365666.

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Kosmides, Alyssa, Jeremy D. Scheff, Steve E. Calvano, Stephen F. Lowry, and Ioannis Androulakis. "Understanding homeostatic dynamics of the HPA axis using a glucocorticoid pulsatile model." In 2011 37th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2011.5778632.

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Maier, H. "HPA-axis and insulin/Glucose levels during a course of electroconvulsive therapy." In Abstracts of the 2nd Symposium of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (DGBP). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3403058.

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"HPC Precast Sewer Pipe." In SP-171: Third CANMET/ACI International Symposium on Advances in Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/6097.

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Cruz, Felipe A., Alejandro J. Dabin, Juan Pablo Dorsch, Eirini Koutsaniti, Nelson F. Lezcano, Maxime Martinasso, and Dario Petrusic. "FirecREST: a RESTful API to HPC systems." In 2020 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Interoperability of Supercomputing and Cloud Technologies (SuperCompCloud). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/supercompcloud51944.2020.00009.

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"Factors lnfluencing Thermal Stresses in HPC Members." In "SP-172: High-Performance Concrete - Proceedings: ACI International Conference, Malaysia 1997". American Concrete Institute, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/6130.

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Gupta, S., E. Aslakson, and S. D. Vernon. "Identifying a Central Nervous System Perturbation that Explains Peripheral Hypocortisolism by Modeling the HPA Axis." In Proceedings. 19th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2006.96.

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"From poverty to depression to inflammation: a literature review." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/ovii9740.

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Background: Depression is the most commonly presented psychiatric disorder1 . People with low socioeconomic status are more likely to experience depression compared to those with higher socioeconomic status2 . Recent studies have revealed that people experiencing depression symptoms have a greater vulnerability to infections3 . Also, it has been shown in recent studies that there is a correlation between irregular cytokine levels and an uncontrolled inflammatory response4 . Objective: The present review addresses the relationship between the immune system response and depression. In addition to the relationship between depression and low socioeconomic status. Method: We searched PubMed for relevant studies describing the relationship between inflammatory response, depression, and low-income. Our literature survey was limited to peer-reviewed articles, written in English and published from 1990 until August 2022. Results: Different studies confirmed that psychological stress causes an alteration in the level of cytokines in multiple mechanisms4,5. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is a significant immunoregulatory pathway that is activated in a variety of stress circumstances, including psychological stress6,7. Chronic psychological stress results in glucocorticoid resistance due to overactivity of the HPA axis. As a result, the inflammatory response is not appropriately managed4 . (Table1) explains the changes in the level of cytokines8 . Contrastingly, antidepressant treatment may restore normal cytokine production and decrease the risk of abnormal inflammatory response9 . Conclusion: More attention should be given to the low-middle income population and their limited access to psychiatric services as they have a higher chance of experiencing mental health disorders. Depression, which is one of the most common mental health illnesses, increases the incidence of infectious diseases. Moreover, it affects the inflammatory response. Due to the shortage of clinical trials on this subject, we recommend doing more studies to identify these clinical aspects.

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Iob, E., C. Kirschbaum, and A. Steptoe. "P23 ‘Positive and negative social support and HPA-axis hyperactivity: evidence from glucocorticoids in human hair’." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.149.

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Reports on the topic "HPA axi"

1

Liberzon, Israel, Dayan Knox, and Sophie George. Medial Prefrontal Cortex and HPA Axis Roles in Generation of PTSD-Like Symptoms in SPS Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada550575.

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Liberzon, Israel, Dayan Knox, and Sophie George. Medial Prefrontal Cortex and HPA Axis Roles in Generation of PTSD-Like Symptoms in SPS Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555896.

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Ruvinsky, Alicia, Timothy Garton, Daniel Chausse, Rajeev Agrawal, Harland Yu, and Ernest Miller. Accelerating the tactical decision process with High-Performance Computing (HPC) on the edge : motivation, framework, and use cases. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42169.

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Managing the ever-growing volume and velocity of data across the battlefield is a critical problem for warfighters. Solving this problem will require a fundamental change in how battlefield analyses are performed. A new approach to making decisions on the battlefield will eliminate data transport delays by moving the analytical capabilities closer to data sources. Decision cycles depend on the speed at which data can be captured and converted to actionable information for decision making. Real-time situational awareness is achieved by locating computational assets at the tactical edge. Accelerating the tactical decision process leverages capabilities in three technology areas: (1) High-Performance Computing (HPC), (2) Machine Learning (ML), and (3) Internet of Things (IoT). Exploiting these areas can reduce network traffic and shorten the time required to transform data into actionable information. Faster decision cycles may revolutionize battlefield operations. Presented is an overview of an artificial intelligence (AI) system design for near-real-time analytics in a tactical operational environment executing on co-located, mobile HPC hardware. The report contains the following sections, (1) an introduction describing motivation, background, and state of technology, (2) descriptions of tactical decision process leveraging HPC problem definition and use case, and (3) HPC tactical data analytics framework design enabling data to decisions.

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Perk, Shimon, Maricarmen Garcia, Alexander Panshin, Caroline Banet-Noach, Irina Gissin, Mark W. Jackwood, and David Stallknecht. Avian Influenza Virus H9N2: Characterization and Control Strategies. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7709882.bard.

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Control of Avian Influenza (AI) infection is a highly topical subject of major economicimportance for the worldwide poultry industry at the national level and for international trade.H9N2 viruses are endemic in poultry throughout Asia and the Middle East, causing major losses inproduction. Moreover, these viruses pose wider threats since they have been isolated from bothswine and humans. At the same time, study of the AI viruses affords an opportunity to explore anumber of problems of intriguing scientific interest. The overall goal of this project was to developa sound control strategy for avian influenza subtype H9N2 viruses (AI H9N2) in commercialpoultry in Israel. The one-year feasibility study focused on two main goals, namely: to study themolecular characteristics of AI H9N2 circulating during the last seven years in Israel and todevelop tools enabling differentiation between the immune response to vaccination and infectionwith H9N2.Genetic and phylogenetic characterization of 29 selected AI H9N2 isolates (2000-2006)was performed by complete sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and all sixinternal genes [nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase basic 1 (PB1), polymerase basic 2 (PB2),polymerase acid (PA), matrix (M), and nonstructural (NS) genes]; comparative phylogenetic andgenetic analyses of these sequences; and comparative genetic analyses of deduced amino acidsequences of the HA, NA, NS1, and NS2 proteins. The major conclusions of the molecularanalyses were: (1) Israeli isolates, together with other H9N2 viruses isolated in Middle Eastcountries, comprise a single regional sublineage related to the G1-lineage. In addition, Israeliisolates subdivided into three different subgroups. Genetic analysis of these viruses suggests thatthey underwent divergent evolution paths.

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Pérez Mesa, Lourdes Bernarda, Alexia Xiomara Zozaya Ortíz, and Pedro Castro Borges. Boletín de Noticias "Entre Patologos" de Alconpat Internacional (V4N1, 2022). Alconpat Internacional, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/bn.v4i1.

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El primer boletín del año con una programación intensa, llena de mucho entusiasmo y plena de actividades para compartir conocimiento y reforzar a la institución. Reconocimientos, cursos, talleres, Webinars, congresos, en fin para escoger y estrechar lazos. Tenemos el calendario del 2022 para que puedan agendar sus actividades, está el premio a la excelencia de construcción en concreto del ACI. Se inicia en marzo el 3er curso de Rehabilitación de Estructuras de concreto armado perteneciente a las actividades de Educación continua y certificación profesional. Reconocimientos a profesionales de ALCONPAT CUBA. Invitando a la lectura de la revista ALCONPAT V12-N1. Una información sobre la organización de los talleres mensuales de Recomendaciones Técnicas, iniciativa de la junta directiva de ALCONPAT Internacional. Invitación a la VI Convención Internacional de la Ingeniería en Cuba, para octubre. También invitación al 5to Congreso Brasileño de Patologías en las Construcciones, para el mes de agosto. Y Webinars auspiciados por los mantenedores y colaboradores, Para el mes de abril se ha planificado una conferencia con el Dr. Vasco Peixoto de Freita, Profesor Catedrático del Departamento de Ingeniería Civil FEUP Portugal. Penetron con el Seminario Internacional de Jóvenes en Julio. Y RILEM como siempre con su Convención de primavera del 2022 en marzo. Y para ahora en marzo las inscripciones abiertas para el Seminario ACI 318-19, Requisitos del Reglamento para Concreto Estructural, Cambios del reglamento.

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Azuaje Pirela, Michelle. ¡Sonríe! la inteligencia artificial te está “interpretando”. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/20.500.12728/9031202111.

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Gran revuelo ha causado en la comunidad académica internacional la reciente publicación de la Dra. Kate Crawford, autora del libro “Atlas of AI” quien en un artículo de Nature advierte que: “la pandemia de la COVID-19 se está utilizando como pretexto para introducir herramientas de inteligencia artificial no probadas en los lugares de trabajo y las escuelas.” Por lo que, además, insiste en que es hora de regular a los sistemas de inteligencia artificial (en adelante IA) que “interpretan” emociones humanas. En efecto, esta preocupación no es algo nuevo. Desde hace algunos años la mencionada autora junto a diversos investigadores y organizaciones protectoras de derechos humanos han venido advirtiendo sobre el incremento en la comercialización y el uso de sistemas de IA que aseguran poder analizar los movimientos faciales, el tono de voz y los patrones del habla, para interpretar emociones humanas.

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Gershoni, Jonathan M., David E. Swayne, Tal Pupko, Shimon Perk, Alexander Panshin, Avishai Lublin, and Natalia Golander. Discovery and reconstitution of cross-reactive vaccine targets for H5 and H9 avian influenza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699854.bard.

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Research objectives: Identification of highly conserved B-cell epitopes common to either H5 or H9 subtypes of AI Reconstruction of conserved epitopes from (1) as recombinantimmunogens, and testing their suitability to be used as universal vaccine components by measuring their binding to Influenza vaccinated sera of birds Vaccination of chickens with reconstituted epitopes and evaluation of successful vaccination, clinical protection and viral replication Development of a platform to investigate the dynamics of immune response towards infection or an epitope based vaccine Estimate our ability to focus the immune response towards an epitope-based vaccine using the tool we have developed in (D) Summary: This study is a multi-disciplinary study of four-way collaboration; The SERPL, USDA, Kimron-Israel, and two groups at TAU with the purpose of evaluating the production and implementation of epitope based vaccines against avian influenza (AI). Systematic analysis of the influenza viral spike led to the production of a highly conserved epitope situated at the hinge of the HA antigen designated “cluster 300” (c300). This epitope consists of a total of 31 residues and was initially expressed as a fusion protein of the Protein 8 major protein of the bacteriophagefd. Two versions of the c300 were produced to correspond to the H5 and H9 antigens respectively as well as scrambled versions that were identical with regard to amino acid composition yet with varied linear sequence (these served as negative controls). The recombinantimmunogens were produced first as phage fusions and then subsequently as fusions with maltose binding protein (MBP) or glutathioneS-transferase (GST). The latter were used to immunize and boost chickens at SERPL and Kimron. Furthermore, vaccinated and control chickens were challenged with concordant influenza strains at Kimron and SEPRL. Polyclonal sera were obtained for further analyses at TAU and computational bioinformatics analyses in collaboration with Prof. Pupko. Moreover, the degree of protection afforded by the vaccination was determined. Unfortunately, no protection could be demonstrated. In parallel to the main theme of the study, the TAU team (Gershoni and Pupko) designed and developed a novel methodology for the systematic analysis of the antibody composition of polyclonal sera (Deep Panning) which is essential for the analyses of the humoral response towards vaccination and challenge. Deep Panning is currently being used to monitor the polyclonal sera derived from the vaccination studies conducted at the SEPRL and Kimron.

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Sarafian, Iliana. Considerazioni chiave: affrontare le discriminazioni strutturali e le barriere al vaccino covid-19 per le comunità rom in italia. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.024.

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Questo rapporto evidenzia come le discriminazioni strutturali e l'esclusione sociale influenzino le percezioni e gli atteggiamenti nei confronti del vaccino per il COVID-19 tra le comunità rom in Italia. Uno degli obiettivi è mettere in luce il ruolo che le autorità pubbliche e le comunità possono svolgere nel sostenere l'adozione del vaccino e nel contrasto ai più ampi processi di esclusione sociale.1 Le risposte contraddittorie che lo Stato italiano ha fornito durante la pandemia di Covid-19, insieme alle forme di esclusione già in atto, hanno comportato un aumento della sfiducia delle comunità rom nei confronti delle iniziative statali, impattando anche sull’adesione alla campagna vaccinale.2 Questo documento si propone di supportare e informare le amministrazioni locali e le istituzioni sanitarie pubbliche coinvolte nell’assistenza e nei processi di inclusione delle comunità rom in Italia. Il presente documento si basa su una ricerca condotta di persona e a distanza dal novembre 2021 al gennaio 2022 in Italia con le comunità rom e sinti di Milano, Roma e Catania. Sebbene queste comunità si caratterizzino per diversità storica e per differenti forme di identità linguistica, geografica, religiosa, sono state individuate delle somiglianze nel modo in cui hanno vissuto la pandemia di COVID-19 e nelle decisioni a proposito del vaccino. Questo documento è stato sviluppato per SSHAP da Iliana Sarafian (LSE) con i contributi e le revisioni di Elizabeth Storer (LSE), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Marco Solimene (University of Iceland), Dijana Pavlovic (Upre Roma) e Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). La ricerca è stata finanziata dalla British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058) e si è svolta presso il Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. La sintesi è di responsabilità di SSHAP.

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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani, and Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

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Abstract:

Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.

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