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1
MAHAJAN, NILESH M., Kalyanee Wanaskar, Yogesh Bhutada, Raju Thenge, and Vaibhav Adhao. "DESIGN AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF EXTENDED RELEASE TABLET OF NATEGLINIDE." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 15, 2018): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.2012.
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The aim of present study is to formulate and evaluate extended release matrix tablet of Nateglinide by direct compression method using different polymer like HPMC K4 and HPMC K15. Matrix tablet of nateglidine were prepared in combination with the polymer HPMC K4, HPMC K15, along with the excipients and the formulations were evaluated for tablet properties and in vitro drug release studies. Nateglinide matrix tablet prepared by using polymer such as HPMC K4 and HPMC K15, it was found that HPMC K15 having higher viscosity as compare to HPMC K4 therefore different concentration of polymer were studied to extend the drug release up to 12 h. The tablets of Nateglinide prepared by direct compression had acceptable physical characteristics and satisfactory drug release. The study demonstrated that as far as the formulations were concerned, the selected polymers proved to have an acceptable flexibility in terms of in-vitro release profile. In present the study the percent drug release for optimize batch was found to 94.62%. Hence it can be conclude that Nateglinide extended release matrix tablet can prepared by using HPMC. The swollen tablet also maintains its physical integrity during the drug release study
Keywords: Tablet, in-vitro drug release, Nateglinide, HPMC
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Majee, Sutapa Biswas, Dhruti Avlani, and Gopa Roy Biswas. "HPMC AS CAPSULE SHELL MATERIAL: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i10.20707.
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The most common instability problem of gelatin capsules arises from negative impact of extremes of temperature and especially atmospheric relative humidity on the mechanical integrity of the capsule shells with adverse effect extended even to the fill material. Moreover, choice of fill materials is highly restricted either due to their specific chemical structure, physical state or hygroscopicity. Additional reports of unpredictable disintegration and dissolution of filled hard gelatin capsules in experimental studies have prompted the search for a better alternative capsule shell material. The present review aims to provide an overview on the physicochemical, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as capsule shell material and perform comparative evaluation of HPMC and gelatin in terms of in vitro/in vivo performance and storage stability. HPMC capsule provides a highly flexible and widely acceptable platform capable of solving numerous challenges currently facing the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries and expands the possibilities for selection of different types of fill materials. The current topic introduces a new section on influence of various factors on in vitro dissolution of HPMC capsules. Delayed in vitro disintegration/dissolution of HPMC capsules in aqueous medium does not produce any negative effect in vivo. However, advancements in the processes of production and filling of HPMC capsule shells and detailed studies on effects of various parameters on their in vitro/in vivo dissolution would establish their supremacy over hard gelatin capsules in future.
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Maffione, G., P. Iamartino, G. Guglielmini, and A. Gazzaniga. "High-Viscosity HPMC as a Film-Coating Agent." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 19, no. 16 (January 1993): 2043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049309069340.
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Yao, Risheng, Jiajia Xu, Xihua Lu, and Shengsong Deng. "Phase Transition Behavior of HPMC-AA and Preparation of HPMC-PAA Nanogels." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/507542.
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The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) under mixing with acrylic acid (AA) monomer has been studied by turbidity measurements. It has been found that the LCST of the HPMC was drastically reduced from 60°C to 38°C with the increase of the concentration of AA, while the HPMC is kept at 0.5 wt%. The driving force shifting the LCST is attributed to the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction of the molecules. Then surfactant-free HPMC-PAA nanogels have been synthesized via the polymerization of AA monomer with the collapsed HPMC as a template or core at their LCST, using KPS and TEMED as redox initiator in the presence of BIS as cross-linking agent. HPMC-PAA nanogels have 50~150 nm diameters characterized by transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering. The HPMC-PAA nanogels exhibit the temperature phase transition behaviors, and these nanogels' volume phase transition temperature is close to the LCST of HPMC/AA system.
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Chen, Yuejie, Shujing Wang, Shan Wang, Chengyu Liu, Ching Su, Michael Hageman, Munir Hussain, Roy Haskell, Kevin Stefanski, and Feng Qian. "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Competitively Interacts with HPMC-AS and Consequently Reduces Oral Bioavailability of Posaconazole/HPMC-AS Amorphous Solid Dispersion." Molecular Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (July 2016): 2787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00391.
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Moonprasith, N., S. Loykulnant, and C. Kongkaew. "Use of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as Thermo-Responsive Flocculant in Skim Natural Rubber Latex." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.913.
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To recover residual rubber from skim natural rubber (SNR) latex, the effective and environmentally friendly methodology developed based on using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as a thermo-responsive flocculant. The SNR particles could be completely separated to form high concentrated latex as cream phase within only 5 hours. Almost 100% of SNR was recovered when using HPMC 0.7%w/w. Quality of SNR obtained from this technique was higher and color of it was lighter than SNR obtained from the conventional method. HPMC could be easily precipitated from the serum phase by heating the serum phase at about 70 °C. The cloud point and the precipitation point of HPMC were affected by the additions of α-D-glucose, sn-phosphatidyl chloride and inorganic salts. It was found that reduction of the cloud point and the precipitation point of HPMC also depended on both concentration and type of cations and anions of inorganic salts.
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Zheng, Jiao, Bo Wang, Jia Xiang, and Zhengyu Yu. "Controlled Release of Curcumin from HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose) Co-Spray-Dried Materials." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7625585.
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In order to achieve the controlled release of curcumin, HPMC (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) was spray dried with curcumin and lactose. The spray-dried materials were pressed into tablets with a diameter of 8 mm, and their release characteristics in vitro were measured. In vitro experiments showed that the release of curcumin from the HPMC mixture was significantly slower due to the sustained-release property of HPMC as a typical excipient. The release profile of curcumin from the HPMC mixture was relatively stable for a controlled release. SEM images show that the HPMC co-spray-dried powders have crumpled surfaces due to the large molecular weight of HPMC. DSC, XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption, and TGA have been measured for the spray-dried curcumin materials. This work indicates that HPMC can be used as a controlled-release excipient for curcumin preparations.
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Ding, Zhu, Xiaodong Wang, Jay Sanjayan, Patrick Zou, and Zhi-Kun Ding. "A Feasibility Study on HPMC-Improved Sulphoaluminate Cement for 3D Printing." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122415.
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A novel 3D printing material based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)—improved sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) for rapid 3D construction printing application is reported. The hydration heat, setting time, fluidity of paste and mortar, shape retainability, and compressive strength of extruded SAC mortar were investigated. HPMC dosage, water-to-cement (W/C) ratio, and sand-to-cement (S/C) ratio were studied as the experimental parameters. Hydration heat results reveal HPMC could delay the hydration of SAC. The initial and final setting time measured using Vicat needle would be shortened in the case of W/C ratio of 0.3 and 0.35 with HPMC dosage from 0.5% to 1.5%, W/C ratio of 0.40 with HPMC dosage of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.5%, and W/C ratio of 0.45 with HPMC dosage of 0.45, or be extended in the case of W/C ratio of 0.4 with HPMC dosage of 1.0% and W/C ratio of 0.45 with HPMC dosage from 0.75% to 1.5%. Fluidity measurement shows HPMC significantly improves the shape retainability. Furthermore, the addition of HPMC remarkably increased the compressive strength of extruded mortar. The results showed that HPMC could be used to prepare 3D printing SAC having satisfactory shape retainability, setting time and compressive strength.
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Sungthongjeen, Srisagul, Pornsak Sriamornsak, and Satit Puttipipatkhachorn. "Design of Floating HPMC Matrix Tablets: Effect of Formulation Variables on Floating Properties and Drug Release." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1140.
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Floating matrix tablets were designed and evaluated. Theophylline was used as a model drug. The system was prepared by mixing drug, matrix-forming polymer (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC) and fillers together. The blended powder was compressed by hydraulic press. The effect of formulation variables such as type of matrix forming polymer (HPMC K100LV, HPMC K4M, HPMC K100M), amount of effervescent agent (0, 20, 30, 40% w/w) and compression force (0.5, 1 ton) on floating properties and drug release of floating matrix tablets were investigated. The results demonstrated that type of polymer affected floating properties of the floating matrix tablets. The floating matrix tablets prepared from lower viscosity HPMC (HPMC K100LV) showed faster drug release than those prepared from higher viscosity HPMC (HPMC K4M, HPMC K100M). Increasing amount of effervescent agent decreased time to float and increased drug release from the floating matrix tablets. Higher compression force did not affect time to float but decreased drug release from the floating matrix tablets. According to these results, floating properties and drug release of the floating matrix tablets could be modified by formulation variables. Some floating tablet formulations developed in this study showed good floating properties (time to float less than 15 minutes, floating time more than 8 hours) with sustained release as required. The system is promising as a carrier for gastroretentive drug delivery systems.
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Kraisit, Pakorn, Manee Luangtana-Anan, and Narong Sarisuta. "Effect of Various Types of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) Films on Surface Free Energy and Contact Angle." Advanced Materials Research 1060 (December 2014): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.107.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of various viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) for mucoadhesive buccal films. The HPMC used in this study was K4M, K15M and K100M which their viscosity were 4000, 15000 and 100000 mPas respectively. Using HPMC as film forming base matrix, all intrinsic characteristics of each HPMC grade is required as basic knowledge for the development of mucoadhesive buccal films. To understand the primary essential parameters, surface free energy and contact angle of various HPMC grades were determined. Sessile drop technique was used in this study to determine contact angle of HPMC and surface free energy was then evaluated by using the Wu’s equation. The results showed that the increase in viscosity of HPMC film tended to decrease the polar force and total surface free energy but increased the contact angle. These parameters indicated that the hydrophilic character of HPMC was influenced by its viscosity. Our study suggested that the polar and dispersive force detected by sessile drop technique could be beneficial for the further design and development of mucoadhesive buccal films.
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Liu, Xiao Zhou, Xiao Zhen Liu, Zhong Fang Lai, Yue Xing Song, and Li Zhai. "Preparation and Performance of Controlled-Release Tablets of Sasanquasaponin-Sodium Alginate-Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.494.
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The controlled-release tablets of sasanquasaponin-sodium alginate-hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose (SQS-SAL-HPMC) were prepared by using SQS, SAL and HPMC as the main drug and accessories. The effects of the preparation method of the controlled-release powder and the amount of ethanol on release rate respectively were studied. The release rate curve of the data of the prescription of the controlled-release tablets of SQS-SAL-HPMC were fitted as zero order, one order and Higuchi equation. The controlled-release tablet of SQS-SAL-HPMC was characterized by IR techniques. The releasing rate of the controlled-release tablets of SQS-SAL-HPMC are controlled by controlling the preparation method of the controlled-release powder and the amount of ethanol. The controlled- release tablets of SQS-SAL-HPMC release SQS by slowness and constant in 12h. The chemical bonds are formed among SQS, SAL and HPMC.
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Katona, Jaroslav, Verica Sovilj, and Lidija Petrovic. "Viscosity sinergism of hydrozypropmethyl and carboxy methyl cellulose." Chemical Industry 62, no. 1 (2008): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0801031k.
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Rheology modifiers are common constituents of food, cosmetic and pharmaceutic products. Often, by using two or more of them, better control of the product rheological properties can be achieved. In this work, rheological properties of hydroxypropymethyl cellulose (HPMC) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) solutions of different concentrations were investigated and compared to the flow properties of 1% HPMC/NaCMC binary mixtures at various HPMC/NaCMC mass ratios. Solutions of HPMC and NaCMC were found to be pseudoplastic, where pseudoplasticity increases with increase in the macromolecules concentration. Changes of the degree of pseudoplasticity, n as well as the coefficient of consistency, K with the concentration are more pronounced in HPMC solutions when compared to the NaCMC ones. This is mostly due to the ability of HPMC molecules to associate with each other at concentrations above critical overlap concentration, c , and greater flexibility of macromolecular chains. Binary mixtures of HPMC/NaCMC were also found to be pseudoplastic. Experimentally obtained viscosities of the mixture were proved to be larger than theoretically expected ones, indicating viscosity synergism as a consequence of HPMC-NaCMC interaction. Maximum in synergy was observed when HPMC/NaCMC mass ratio was 0.4/0.6, no matter of the shear rate applied. On the other hand, it was found that relative positive deviation, RPD decreases when shear rate is increased.
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Shi, Shih-Chen, and Jason Hsiao Chun Yang. "Preparation of stable biopolymer composite suspension with metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 07n09 (March 18, 2020): 2040028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798492040028x.
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Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a kind of biopolymer that is biodegradable, environmentally friendly and possesses exceptional mechanical and tribological properties. Therefore, it could be used as a suitable alternative to plastic. However, HPMC deforms easily when subjected to loads, causing higher real contact area and adhesive force between HPMC and grinding counter. Therefore, HPMC films are easily damaged because of adhesive wear, which negatively affects wear resistance. Hence, nanoparticles (NPs) of Al, Cu, Al2O3 and CuO have been used as fillers to increase the wear resistance of the HPMC composite films. The uniform dispersion of NPs in the suspension is the most important factor, which is greatly related to the wear resistance after film formation. Nanosuspensions with various dispersant concentrations were prepared, and mixed with the HPMC solution to prepare composite solutions and composite films. The results showed that Span 80 could provide steric stabilization, and that it dispersed the NPs effectively in suspension. After mixing the suspension with the HPMC solution, the solution became more stable.
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Gómez-Ballesteros, Miguel, José Javier López-Cano, Irene Bravo-Osuna, Rocío Herrero-Vanrell, and Irene Teresa Molina-Martínez. "Osmoprotectants in Hybrid Liposome/HPMC Systems as Potential Glaucoma Treatment." Polymers 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11060929.
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The combination of acetazolamide-loaded nano-liposomes and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with similar components to the preocular tear film in an osmoprotectant media (trehalose and erythritol) is proposed as a novel strategy to increase the ocular bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Ophthalmic formulations based on acetazolamide-loaded liposomes, dispersed in the osmoprotectant solution (ACZ-LP) or in combination with HPMC (ACZ-LP-P) were characterized and in vivo evaluated. The pH and tonicity of both formulations resulted in physiological ranges. The inclusion of HPMC produced an increment in viscosity (from 0.9 to 4.7 mPa·s. 64.9 ± 2.6% of acetazolamide initially included in the formulation was retained in vesicles. In both formulations, a similar onset time (1 h) and effective time periods were observed (7 h) after a single instillation (25 μL) in normotensive rabbits’ eyes. The AUC0–8h of the ACZ-LP-P was 1.5-fold higher than of ACZ-LP (p < 0.001) and the maximum hypotensive effect resulted in 1.4-fold higher (p < 0.001). In addition, the formulation of ACZ in the hybrid liposome/HPMC system produced a 30.25-folds total increment in ocular bioavailability, compared with the drug solution. Excellent tolerance in rabbits’ eyes was confirmed during the study.
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Li, Yanan, Shixiong Min, and Fang Wang. "A wood-derived hierarchically porous monolithic carbon matrix embedded with Co nanoparticles as an advanced electrocatalyst for water splitting." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 10 (2019): 2753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00388f.
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D. V. R. N., Bhikshapathi, Chenna Madipalli Shalina, Vishnu Pulavarthy, and Viswaja Medipally. "Design and in vivo Evaluation of Gastro-retentive Floating Capsules of Amlodipine Besylate in Healthy Human Volunteers." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2017): 3891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.6.3.
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The aim of this study was to explore the application of Gelucire 43/01 for the design of sustained release gastro retentive drug delivery system of Amlodipine besylate. Gelucire 43/01 has been used in floating sustained release formulations to prolong gastric residence time and increase its bioavailability. Gelucire 43/01 in combination with HPMC and Polyox was used as a release retarding polymer. HPMC of various viscosity grades HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M in combination of Gelucire were tested to obtain optimal total floating time as well as controlled drug release for prolonged period. Melt granulation technique has been used to prepare gastro retentive Amlodipine besylate formulations. All the formulations were evaluated in vitro for their floating ability and drug release. The floating times of all tablet formulations were greater than 12h. HPMC K4M in combination with Gelucire as polymeric matrix enhanced the drug release due to addition of hydrophilic polymer facilitated the swelling and erosion of the tablets. Incorporation of low viscosity polymer HPMC K100 M resulted in optimal floating as well as drug release for longer time. In vivo studies of optimized formulation show floating ability for 6 h in stomach. The results indicate that Gelucire 43/01 in combination with dissolution enhancers HPMC increase the permeability of the wax matrix, which provides improved dissolution thereby bioavailability of Amlodipine besylate and can be considered as a carrier for the development of sustained release floating drug delivery systems.
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Widiyanti, Prihartini, and Reni Prastyani. "Collagen-Chitosan- Glycerol-HPMC Composite as Cornea Artificial Candidate." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 42 (July 2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.42.14.
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The number of blindness is tend to be increased year by year. One of the blindness cause is cornea ulcer.The cause of cornea ulcer is bacteria, fungi, and herpes simplex virus. Cornea transplantation is the only treatment which could widely accepted for blindness. Transplant by donor network becomes the only treatment that is acceptable on a large for blindness. However, treatment donor transplants have many shortcomings in complications post surgery such as host response, donor limitations, incompatibility and the length of time healing. As technology develops, there are many corneal substitutes based on natural ingredients derived from collagen or their derivatives because they promise better properties in biocompatibility. The aim of research are to conduct the synthesis and characterization of collagen- chitosan- glycerol - HPMC as artificial cornea such functional cluster test, cytotoxycity test, morphological test and antibacterial test. Based on functional cluster test, there are functional groups of all components of composite materials. While from cytotoxicity test, all samples have a percentage of living cells above 85%. The morphology test is showed that the pore size of sample B with composition collagen-chitosan-glycerol-HPMC is in accordance with the standard pore size for keratoprothesis. Sample A (collagen-chitosan-glycerol) and sample B (collagen-chitosan-glycerol-HPMC) have strong antibacterial properties.Biocomposite of collagen-chitosan-glycerol could be considered as artificial cornea due to the proximity with the corneal characteristics.
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Fernández-Catalán, Asunción, Lluís Palou, Verònica Taberner, Amparo Grimal, Maricruz Argente-Sanchis, and María B. Pérez-Gago. "Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-Based Edible Coatings Formulated with Antifungal Food Additives to Reduce Alternaria Black Spot and Maintain Postharvest Quality of Cold-Stored ‘Rojo Brillante’ Persimmons." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040757.
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Composite edible coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), as a polymeric phase, and oleic acid (OA) or beeswax (BW), as a hydrophobic phase, were formulated with different food additives as antifungal ingredients. HPMC–OA coatings containing 2% (w/v) sodium benzoate (SB), 1% ammonium carbonate (AC), 1% potassium carbonate (PC), 1% potassium bicarbonate (PBC), 1% sodium bicarbonate (SBC), 1% potassium silicate (PSi), 0.1% sodium methyl paraben (SMP) or 0.1% sodium ethyl paraben (SEP), and HPMC–BW coatings containing 2% sodium propionate (SP), 2% PBC, 2% SB or 0.1% SEP were evaluated for the control of Alternaria black spot (ABS) on Diospyros kaki Thunb. ’Rojo Brillante’ persimmons artificially inoculated with Alternaria alternata. After 14 days of incubation at 20 °C, HPMC–OA coatings formulated with PBC, PC or SEP were the most effective to reduce ABS incidence (61, 54, and 36% reduction, respectively, concerning uncoated control fruit) and severity (28, 12 and 22% reduction, respectively), while only HPMC–BW coatings formulated with SEP significantly reduced ABS incidence (50% reduction) and severity (36% reduction). HPMC–OA and HPMC–BW coatings containing 2% PBC or 0.1% SEP were selected to evaluate their effect on the weight loss, firmness and respiration rate of healthy ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmons cold-stored at 1 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 15 and 30 days, followed by 7 days of shelf life at 20 °C. HPMC–BW coatings were more effective in reducing fruit weight and firmness losses than HPMC–OA coatings, while all antifungal coatings significantly reduced fruit respiration. Overall, the HPMC–BW edible coating that contains SEP could be a promising postharvest treatment to control ABS and maintain the quality of cold-stored ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmons.
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Odeniyi, Michael Ayodele, Adepeju Oluwadamilare Babalola, and John Oluwasogo Ayorinde. "Evaluation of Cedrela gum as a binder and bioadhesive component in ibuprofen tablet formulations." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 49, no. 1 (March 2013): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502013000100011.
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The compressional, mechanical and bioadhesive properties of tablet formulations incorporating a new gum obtained from the incised trunk of the Cedrela odorata tree were evaluated and compared with those containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Compressional properties were evaluated using Hausner's ratio, Carr's Index, the angle of repose, and Heckel, Kawakita and Gurnham plots. Ibuprofen tablets were prepared using the wet granulation method. Bioadhesive studies were carried out using the rotating cylinder method in either phosphate buffer pH 6.8 or 0.1 M hydrochloric acid media. The gum is a low viscosity polymer (48 cPs), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of a hydroxyl group. Py and Pk values, which are measures of plasticity, showed the gum to be significantly (p<0.05) more plastic than HPMC, and plasticity increased with polymer concentration. All tablet formulations were non-friable (<1.0%), and the formulations containing the gum had a higher crushing strength (130.95 N) than those containing HPMC (117.85 N) at 2.0% w/w binder. Formulations incorporating the gum were non-disintegrating and had a significantly longer drug release time than those containing HPMC. At the highest binder concentration, Cedrela gum formulations adhered to incised pig ileum longer than those containing HPMC. Cedrela gum exhibited better compressive, flow and binding properties than HPMC and is suitable as a bioadhesive and for sustained release of drugs.
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Hached, Fahd, Claire Vinatier, Pierre-Gabriel Pinta, Philippe Hulin, Catherine Le Visage, Pierre Weiss, Jérôme Guicheux, Aurélie Billon-Chabaud, and Gaël Grimandi. "Polysaccharide Hydrogels Support the Long-Term Viability of Encapsulated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Ability to Secrete Immunomodulatory Factors." Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9303598.
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While therapeutically interesting, the injection of MSCs suffers major limitations including cell death upon injection and a massive leakage outside the injection site. We proposed to entrap MSCs within spherical particles derived from alginate, as a control, or from silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC). We developed water in an oil dispersion method to produce small Si-HPMC particles with an average size of about 68 μm. We evidenced a faster diffusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in Si-HPMC particles than in alginate ones. Human adipose-derived MSCs (hASC) were encapsulated either in alginate or in Si-HPMC, and the cellularized particles were cultured for up to 1 month. Both alginate and Si-HPMC particles supported cell survival, and the average number of encapsulated hASC per alginate and Si-HPMC particle (7102 and 5100, resp.) did not significantly change. The stimulation of encapsulated hASC with proinflammatory cytokines resulted in the production of IDO, PGE2, and HGF whose concentration was always higher when cells were encapsulated in Si-HPMC particles than in alginate ones. We have demonstrated that Si-HPMC and alginate particles support hASC viability and the maintenance of their ability to secrete therapeutic factors.
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Shi, Shih-Chen, Pramod Kumar Mandal, and Tao-Hsing Chen. "Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of MoS2-Enhanced Cellulose-Based Biocomposites for Food Packaging." Polymers 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111838.
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Synthetic polymers are the most commonly used polymers in daily life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly polymers. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a potential candidate for a biopolymer, owing to its unique properties. However, HPMC biopolymers have some disadvantages compared to synthetic polymers. In this study, the mechanical properties and tribological performance of MoS2 additive-enhanced cellulose matrix biocomposites were investigated in order to improve the properties of HPMC. MoS2 was incorporated into the HPMC matrix as a strengthening additive. The mechanical properties, bonding, and water vapor permeability of the composites were analyzed. The mechanical and vapor barrier properties of the HPMC films were significantly enhanced. The ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composite films increased with the addition of up to 1 wt% MoS2. The water vapor permeability of HPMC films reduced when additives were incorporated. The wear test proves that the MoS2 additives can improve the tribological performance of the HPMC composite while reducing the friction coefficient. The main reason for enhanced tribological performance is the improvement in load capacity of the composite coating by the MoS2 additive. This MoS2/HPMC biocomposite can be used in food packaging.
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Witowski, J., and J. Knapowski. "Glycerol Toxicity for Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Culture: Comparison with Glucose." International Journal of Artificial Organs 17, no. 5 (May 1994): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889401700502.
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Glycerol has been proposed as a substitute osmotic agent for glucose in peritoneal dialysis fluids. We have compared the effect of glycerol and glucose on the function of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) in vitro. The viability of HPMC was not affected by glycerol (up to 250 mM), whereas it was reduced by glucose in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as assessed by the LDH release. Although the incubation of HPMC with glycerol induced a dose-dependent decrease in HPMC proliferation, the effect was significantly less inhibitory than that produced by glucose. In HPMC treated with 90 mM of glycerol or glucose the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine had reached 79.0±19.3% and 55.3+4.0% of the control (p<0.05 and p<0.01), respectively. As measured by the [methyl-14C]-choline incorporation, the intracellular amount of newly synthesized phospholipids was reduced from (cpm/μg cellular protein) 147±58 in control HPMC to 59+15 in cells exposed to 90 mM of glucose (p<0.01), but not affected by glycerol (163±65). On the other hand, both glycerol and glucose (90 mM) decreased the synthesis of proteins (as assessed by the [3H]-proline incorporation) and interfered with potassium (86Rb) transport mechanisms in HPMC. Our data suggest that there exist some possibly advantageous aspects of glycerol as far as mesothelial cell biocompatibility profile is concerned.
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Ayon, Navid Jubaer, Ikramul Hasan, Md Shfiqul Islam, and Md Selim Reza. "Preparation and characterization of Gliclazide incorporated Cellulosic Microspheres: studies on drug release, compatibility and micromeritics." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2015): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21893.
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Polymeric microspheres of gliclazide were prepared to provide sustained release delivery of gliclazide to aid in continuous therapy with high margin of safety. Gliclazide was microencapsulated with different polymers namely HPMC K100LV, Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using acetone as internal phase and liquid paraffin as external phase. Seventeen formulations were prepared using different drug loading and polymeric ratio of which nine formulations were prepared by a 32 full factorial design. Each formulation was evaluated for flow properties, particle size, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, drug release and compatibility. Yield (%) for every batch of microspheres was measured. Flow properties of the microspheres were examined by determining bulk density, tapped density, Carrs compressibility index, Hausner ratio and angle of repose. Particle size distribution was examined by sieving and particle size analyzer. Surface morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro drug release was studied in a paddle type dissolution apparatus (USP Type II Dissolution Apparatus) for a period of 8 hours at 37°C using phosphate buffer ( pH 7.4). FTIR and DSC studies established compatibility of the drug with the polymers. Microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M were free flowing than those prepared only with HPMC K100LV. Entrapment efficiencies were within 75.88-99.69%. Microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M showed more sustained release when compared to microspheres prepared with HPMC K100LV only. Increase in drug loading resulted in increased drug release for the microspheres. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed the drug release mechanism ranging from diffusion controlled to anomalous type. Ethocel and HPMC K100M in a ratio of 1:3 exhibited better sustained release properties than 1:1 and 3:1 ratios. The release rate of gliclazide from microspheres prepared with Ethocel (20 cps) and HPMC K100M was less than the release rate of gliclazide from microspheres prepared with HPMC K100LV, demonstrating Ethocel and HPMC K100M as suitable polymeric blend for preparing the controlled release formulation for gliclazide whereas, HPMC K100LV was found not suitable candidate when used alone as a polymer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21893 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 149-166, 2014 (December)
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Nokhodchi, Ali, Davoud Hassan-Zadeh, Farnaz Monajjem-Zadeh, and Nita Taghi-Zadeh. "Effect of various surfactants and their concentration on controlled release of captopril from polymeric matrices." Acta Pharmaceutica 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-008-0004-5.
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Effect of various surfactants and their concentration on controlled release of captopril from polymeric matricesVarious methods are available to formulate water soluble drugs into sustained release dosage forms by retarding the dissolution rate. One of the methods used to control drug release and thereby prolong therapeutic activity is to use hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers. In this study, the effects of various polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Arlacel 60) on the release rate of captopril were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the amount of HPMC K15M resulted in reduction of the release rate of captopril from these matrices. When HPMC was partly replaced by NaCMC (the ratio of HPMC/NaCMC was 5:1), the release rate of the drug significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference in release rate of captopril from matrices produced with ratios of 5:1 and 2:1 of HPMC/NaCMC. The presence of lactose in matrices containing HPMC and NaCMC increased the release rate of captopril. It was interesting to note that although partial replacement of HPMC by EC reduced the release rate of the drug (ratio of HPMC/EC 2:1), the release rate was increased when the ratio of HPMC/EC was reduced to 1:1. The effects of various surfactants on the release rate of captopril from HPMC/EC (1:1) matrices were also investigated. The results showed that the surfactants did not significantly change the release rate of the drug. Release data were examined kinetically and the ideal kinetic models were estimated for the drug release. The kinetic analysis of drug release data from various formulations showed that incorporation of surfactants in HPMC/EC matrices did not produce a zero-order release pattern.
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Nguyen, Thi Luong, Hoc Thang Nguyen, Van Khoi Nguyen, Thi Thu Ha Pham, Thi Hong Thuy Le, and Thanh Tung Nguyen. "Characteristics of HPMC/Beeswax Edible Composite Film and its Application for Preservation of Seedless Lime Fruit." Key Engineering Materials 850 (June 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.850.87.
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This article is aimed at evaluating newly synthesized HPMC/BW composite films, applied for preservation of seedless lime fruit. Factors influenced to formation of the films as well as characteristics of HPMC/BW edible composite films were researched and analyzed based on experimental results and previous studies. The HPMC/BW edible composite films were created based on the components included HPMC (5% w/v), Glycerol plasticizer (Gly-2% v/v), BW (5% w/v); Oleic Acid emulsifier (OA-1% v/v). Characteristics of the composite film were evaluated via the analytical techniques known as Sensory, Tensile Strength (TS), Elongation at Break (EB), ThermoGravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR). HPMC/BW composite films applied in preserving seedless limes. Evaluations of preservation processes were based on effects of characteristics such as Sensory evaluation, Respiratory intensity, Weight loss, Vitamin C content, Total acid of before and after fruits preservation.
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Korybalska, Katarzyna, Justyna Wisniewska–Elnur, Joanna Trómińska, Achim Jörres, Andrzej Bre¸borowicz, and Janusz Witowski. "The Role of the Glyoxalase Pathway in Reducing Mesothelial Toxicity of Glucose Degradation Products." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 26, no. 2 (March 2006): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080602600223.
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Background The glucose degradation products (GDP) present in conventional peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) may exert adverse effects toward human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Some GDP can be detoxified by the glyoxalase/glutathione pathway. It has been shown that the addition of glyoxalase I (GLO-I) and reduced glutathione (GSH) to PDF effectively eliminates GDP. We have therefore examined the GLO-I/GSH system in HPMC and assessed the impact of GLO-I/GSH-treated PDF on the viability and function of HPMC. Methods Heat-sterilized PDF (H-PDF) was incubated in the presence or absence of GLO-I and GSH for 1 hour at 37°C, and then mixed with an equal volume of serum-free M199 medium and applied to HPMC in culture. After 24 hours, HPMC were assessed for viability, the release of interleukin-6, GLO-I activity, and cellular glutathione. The effects were compared to those exerted by filter-sterilized PDF (F-PDF), which was devoid of GDP. Results Exposure of HPMC to H-PDF resulted in reduced GLO-I activity, GSH depletion, and a decrease in cell viability. Pretreatment of H-PDF with either a combination of GLO-I and GSH or GSH alone markedly reduced inhibitory effects of H-PDF toward HPMC, as measured by cell viability and interleukin-6 generation. Exposure of HPMC to the GSH precursor L-2-oxothiazolidine-carboxylic acid increased cellular GSH and prevented the loss of GLO-I activity in response to H-PDF. Conclusions Exposure to conventional GDP-rich PDF impairs the activity of the glyoxalase/glutathione system in HPMC. Pretreatment of PDF with GSH or replenishment of cellular GSH protects HPMC against GDP-mediated toxicity.
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Katona, Jaroslav, Sandra Njaradi, Verica Sovilj, Lidija Petrovic, Brankica Marceta, and Jadranka Milanovic. "Rheological properties of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/sodium dodecylsulfate mixtures." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, no. 4 (2014): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130807132k.
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Rheological properties of mixtures of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), a nonionic associative cellulose ether, and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, were investigated by viscosity measurements performed at different shear rates (0.1-6000 s-1). HPMC/SDS mixtures containing different concentrations of SDS (CSDS=0.00-3.50 % w/w) and HPMC concentrations which corresponded to the overlap parameter c/c*=3, 6, and 12 were prepared. All HPMC/SDS mixtures were found to be shear-thinning when examined in a low-end-to mid-range of the applied shear rates. The degree of shear-thinning, n, and viscosity of the mixtures were influenced by composition of HPMC/SDS mixtures and HPMC-SDS complex formation. The changes in n ranged from values typical for highly shear thinning to almost perfectly Newtonian liquids, and were more pronounced as c/c* was increased from 3 to 6 and 12. A change in flow profile and a buildup of the first normal stress difference (N1) was observed in HPMC/SDS mixtures with c/c*=6 and 12 and CSDS 0.55-1.00 % and 0.55-2.50 %, respectively, when a critical shear rate, crit. was exceeded, suggesting that a shear-induced structure formation in the mixtures took place.
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Mulyadi, Nur Aini, Helmy Yusuf, and Noorma Rosita. "Solid State Characterization of Dried Liposomes in The Presence of Sucrose and HPMC as Dispersing Matrix." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v21i1.37901.
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Disaccharides, such as sucrose, have been reported to protect phospholipid membranes during drying, while HPMC is used as gel matrix to inhibit recrystallization. We have investigated the solid state characterization of dried liposome formulation (air-dried and freeze-dried) which was preserved in the presence of sucrose and dispersed in HPMC matrix. The dried liposomal featured cationic dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) was produced to overcome detrimental phase separation in phospholipid membranes during manufacturing process. The effect of sucrose and HPMC on lipid phase behavior during dehydration were characterized including their thermodynamics by DSC, crystallinity by XRD, and liposome structure by SEM. Data revealed that formula contain 5% sucrose and 7.5% HPMC showed a miscible mixture and relatively less crystalline-forming properties that potentially construct a stable dried liposome. The results may aid in the development of dried–DDA liposomal formulation by using combination of sucrose and HPMC.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 16-23, 2018
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Muflikhah, Muflikhah, Wildan Zakiah Lubis, Irma Septi Ardiani, Khoirotun Nadiyyah, and Sulistioso Giat Sukaryo. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 COMPOSITE FOR HYPERTHERMIA APPLICATION." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2020.21.4.6023.
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 COMPOSITE FOR HYPERTHERMIA APPLICATION. Magnetic material become subject of intense research for hyperthermia application, and injectable magnetic hyperthermia for bone cancer is one of this research interest. In this study, composite of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and Fe3O4 in Hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) matrix (HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4) has been synthesized in gel form that are expected can be applied for injectable bone substitute (IBS) in hyperthermia therapy. Composites were made using conventional methods by mixing HAp powder with ferrofluid Fe3O4 in HPMC solution. The composition of the composites were varied with the mass comparison of HPMC: HAp: Fe3O4 was 1: 0: 0; 1: 3: 0; 1: 2: 0.5; 1: 1: 0.25; and 1: 0: 3. The physical, chemical, and magnetic properties of the composites were characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD characterization results of the HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 composite showed the crystalline phase of the constituent components. Saturation magnetization of the HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 composite was 2.72 emu/g and 1.79 emu/g for the composition of 1: 2: 0.5 and 1:1:0.25 respectively. HPMC/HAp/Fe3O4 composite has superparamagnetic and biocompatible properties, so that can be applied as IBS in hyperthermia therapy for bone cancer.
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Ortillés, Ángel, Elena Lanchares, Jose Á Cristóbal, and Begoña Calvo. "Use of 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to prevent the corneal swelling during the in vitro mechanical characterization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 5 (April 14, 2017): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420717704880.
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The aim of this study was to assess the use of 2% HPMC during in vitro uniaxial tensile tests, with corneal strips immediately obtained or after storing the eyes for 24 h in 0.9% NaCl solution at 4 ℃. The purpose was to establish a standardized procedure to prevent phenomena which can modify the mechanical properties of the tissue. Rabbit eyes were divided into four groups. Group A had seven eyes that were preserved in NaCl solution for 24 h before testing. Group B had seven eyes that were immediately tested. In both groups, to prevent both swelling and dehydration, 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2% HPMC) was applied. Group C had seven eyes that were preserved in NaCl solution for 24 h before testing. Group D had seven eyes that were immediately tested. In both groups, HPMC was not applied. Regarding the mechanical response, groups with HPMC showed similar Cauchy stress–stretch curves and there were no statistically significant differences at 5%, 10% and 15% strain between them, which mean that both showed similar mechanical behavior. The same result was obtained between groups without HPMC. However, for coupled groups with and without HPMC, statistically significant differences at 10% and 15% strain were observed. On the other hand, when grouped by storage time, statistically significant differences were found between groups that had eyes preserved for 24 h with and without HPMC, respectively, as well as between groups immediately tested with and without HPMC, respectively, at 15% strain. Nevertheless, if coupled groups were considered, between groups that were preserved for 24 h in NaCl before testing and groups that were immediately tested, no statistically significant differences were obtained. In addition, the Cauchy stress–stretch curves of groups without HPMC showed a decreasing slope of the linear part (strain > 8%) of the graph during the experiment. In summary, the use of HPMC during the handling of the tissue from excision to testing seems to prevent both swelling and dehydration.
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Okechi Arukalam, Innocent, Innocent Chimezie Madufor, Okoro Ogbobe, and Emeka E. Oguzie. "Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a polymeric corrosion inhibitor for aluminium." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 3 (April 29, 2014): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2013-0037.
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Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. Design/methodology/approach – This study was carried out using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Inhibition efficiency was determined by comparing the corrosion rates in the absence and presence of inhibitor system. Quantum chemical computations were performed using density functional theory to assess the parameters responsible for the inhibition process and also to analyse the local reactivity of the molecule. Findings – HPMC inhibited aluminium corrosion in the acidic environment. The inhibition efficiency was found to depend on concentration of the inhibitor. Impedance results reveal that HPMC is adsorbed on the corroding metal surface. Polarization results show that the dissolution reaction is due to destabilization of the passive oxide film on the Al surface. Adsorption of the inhibitor is approximated by Freundlich adsorption isotherm and the calculated standard free energy of adsorption indicates weak physical interaction between the inhibitor molecules and aluminium surface. This can be attributed to preferential interaction of the active sites with the passive oxide layer. The calculated quantum chemical parameters show good correlation with the inhibition efficiency. Practical implications – HPMC could find possible application as a polymeric thickener and additive to improve corrosion resistance and barrier properties of anticorrosion paints. Originality/value – This paper provides novel information on the inhibitive characteristics of HPMC under the stated conditions. The inhibitor systems provide an effective means for suppressing aluminium corrosion even in highly aggressive acidic environments.
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Soni, Shashank, Veerma Ram, and Anurag Verma. "Formulation and investigation of crushed puffed rice-chitosan-HPMC based polymeric blends as carrier for sustained stomach specific drug delivery of piroxicam using 3(2) Taguchi mathematical design studies." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 6, no. 11 (April 22, 2018): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v6i11.36435.
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In the present experimental investigation an attempt has been made to assess the utility of Crushed Puffed Rice (CPR)-High Molecular Weight Chitosan (HMWCH)-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose K15M (HPMC K15M) as a polymeric carrier for the sustained stomach delivery of Piroxicam (PRX). A total of nine formulations were prepared by using 3 (2) Taguchi factorial design, physically blending drug and polymer(s) followed by encapsulation into hard gelatin capsules size 1. The prepared capsules were evaluated for various performance such as weight variation, drug contents, in vitro buoyancy and drug release in 0.1 M HCl. The effect of drug loading on in vitro performance of the formulations was also determined. Crushed puffed rice (CPR) remained buoyant for up to average time span of 06 hr as an unwetted irregular mass in 0.1 M HCl. However, when combined with HMWCH or HPMC K15M or HPMC K15M + HMWCH a low -density cylindrical raft type hydrogel was formed which remained buoyant for up to 12 hr and released up to 99% drug in a sustained manner from 8 to 12 hr following zero order release kinetics. It was also observed that drug release from drug + CPR matrices followed Fickian mechanism. Combination of CPR + HMWCH or HMWCH + HPMC K15M also follows Fickian mechanism. Obtained data from the research work suggests that CPR in combination with HMWCH or HPMC K15M or HPMC has sufficient potential to be used as a carrier for stomach specific delivery of gastric irritant drug like PRX.Soni et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2018, 6(11): 61-80http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue11/01.pdf
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Mulyadi, Nur Aini, Noorma Rosita, and Helmy Yusuf. "Physical Characterization of Liposomes Formulation Lyophilized in the Presence of Disaccharide and HPMC as Dispersed Matrix." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 33 (July 2017): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.33.88.
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The present study focuses on characterization the physical properties of liposome formulation which was dispersed in HPMC matrix and lyophilized in the presence of disaccharides. The lyophilized formulations featured cationic dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) to produce dry solid and overcome limitations in terms of detrimental phase separation in phospholipid membranes during production process. Disaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose, have been reported to protect phospholipid membranes during drying, while HPMC was used as dispersed matrix to inhibit recrystallization of disaccharide. Their physical properties were characterized including their morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystallinity using x-ray diffractometry (XRD), and solid phase separation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On the basis of these evaluations it was found that the presence of sucrose and HPMC in the formulation showed a miscible mixture and relatively less crystalline-forming properties compared to those using lactose, thus potentially construct a stable dried liposomal formulation. The present study reveals prospective advantages of using combination of sucrose and HPMC in development of dried–DDA liposomal formulation.
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Choudbua, Noppawan, Thawatchai Phaechamud, and Garnpimol C. Ritthidej. "Development of Prolonged Action, Bioadhesive and Slowly Dissolving Minitablets." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.425.
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Minitablets can be used either single or multiple unit sustained release dosage form. The objectives of this study were to prepare and evaluate the prolonged action, bioadhesive and slowly dissolving minitablets. The minitablets (Ø 2.5 mm, 7 mg) were prepared by direct compression method using 75%w/w of various hydrophilic polymers: hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxy methylcellulose (CMC), pectin (PT) and chitosan (CS). Spray dried lactose was used as diluent. Prior to compression, the angle of repose, bulk-tab density and %compressibility of each mixed powder were evaluated. The rate of hydration and erosion of the obtained minitablets were carried out in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The powder blends containing HPC, CMC or HPMC showed satisfactory flow properties and compressibility. Accordingly, the prepared matrix tablets of HPC, CMC and HPMC showed good physical properties such as hardness, while those of CS and PT showed poor properties. The degree of swelling were ranked as CS>CMC>PT>HPC>HPMC, while the erosion were ranked as CMC≈HPMC≈PT > HPC≈CS. Adhesion time of these minitablets on isolated pig intestine was >30 min for CMC, PT and CS tablets while HPC and HPMC tablets exhibited weaker bioadhesion. In conclusion, among tested polymers, CS, PT and CMC were appropriate for prolonged action, bioadhesive and slowly dissolving minitablets.
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Khan, Sheeba, Saumya Choudhary, Anamika Pandey, Mohd Kamran Khan, Anu Kumari, Avinash Singh, and Shivani Rustagi. "Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Whey Protein Concentrate as Technological Improver in Formulation of Gluten-Free Protein Rich Bread." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.1.24.
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Wheat breads contains gluten protein that is responsible for the visco-elastic properties of dough. There has recently been an increase in the prevalence of gluten-related disorders including celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Therefore, this study has been designed for improving bread production for gluten-free bread (sorghum and potato starch) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC-70) as technological improver and optimizing it using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was used to investigate the influence of predictor variables (HPMC and WPC-70) on bread quality in terms of crust and crumb texture and color, flavor, porosity and overall acceptability. The HPMC level varies from 2- 3% and WPC-70 from 12-15%. Quadratic models are developed to fit with experimental data. The predictor variables had desirable effect on all the responses. Finally, 3% HPMC and 15 % WPC-70 were chosen as optimum levels. The obtained gluten-free bread can be considered as protein rich. The optimized bread was analyzed for various parameters including protein, moisture, fat, crude fiber content, acid insoluble ash and pH. The analyzed results were reported as 10.48g, 38.73g, 8.97g, 2.8g, 0.134g, 6.1 respectively. The microbiological analysis of optimized bread was performed. The total plate count was10, yeast mould was 10 and coliform count Nil. Hence, it can be stated that HPMC and WPC-70 can be efficiently used to obtain gluten-free protein rich bread.
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Das, Raghunath, Dipankar Das, Paulomi Ghosh, Santanu Dhara, Asit Baran Panda, and Sagar Pal. "Development and application of a nanocomposite derived from crosslinked HPMC and Au nanoparticles for colon targeted drug delivery." RSC Advances 5, no. 35 (2015): 27481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02672e.
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Herein, we report a novel route for the synthesis of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) crosslinked hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/Au nanocomposite where chemically crosslinked HPMC (c-HPMC) works as a reducing agent.
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Singh, Sudarshan, Tanvi R. Dodiya, Rajesh Dodiya, Sangeeta Singh, and Sunil B. Bothara. "In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro Mucoadhesive Strength Assessment of Potential Pharmaceutical Bio-resource Polymer from Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb seeds." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 5307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2021.14.1.6.
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In this study, an oral bio-based mucoadhesive polymer was developed from Diospyros melonoxylon Roxb (Ebenaceae) seed mucilage and evaluated for mucoadhesive strength. The mucilage showed shear stress results (0.140 ± 0.0007N), with comparable adhesiveness to HPMC E5 (0.098 ± 0.0008N). Force of adhesion required to detach the seed mucilage and HPMC E5 tablets from the mucin of intestinal tissue were 0.0509 ± 0.0007 (N) and 0.0049 ± 0.0006 (N). Seed mucilage revealed significant higher detachment time, erosion time, in vitro wash off time and ex vivo residence compared to HPMC E5 and lactose tablets (p<0.01). In vivo test indicated that seed mucilage tablets possessed good mucoadhesive strength compared to HPMC E5 and resisted disintegration for ≤ 8 h. The swelling index and wetting time showed comparable results between the mucilage and synthetic polymer tablets. Mucilage demonstrated high moisture absorption, percentage hydration, and matrix erosion of 20.0 ± 0.037, 53.66 ± 0.127, and 20.00 ± 0.077 compared to HPMC E5 10.0 ± 0.079, 36.00 ± 0.089, and 1.26 ± 0.085. The mucoadhesive properties of seeds mucilage were comparable to guar gum and HPMC E5. Thus, seed mucilage of D. melonoxylon can be exploited for usage as pharmaceutical excipient in oral bioadhesive drug delivery systems.
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LAI, KAR NENG, FU KEUNG LI, HAO YUI LAN, SYDNEY TANG, ANITA W. L. TSANG, DANIEL T. M. CHAN, and JOSEPH C. LEUNG. "Expression of Aquaporin-1 in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Its Upregulation by GlucoseIn Vitro." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 5 (May 2001): 1036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1251036.
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Abstract. Aquaporin (AQP) is a family of water channels that are highly selective for the passage of water and occasionally glycerol. In previous studies, only AQP1 was found in human peritoneal endothelial cells in both control subjects and patients on peritoneal dialysis. As human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) play an important role in dialysis adequacy and fluid balance in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, this study examined whether AQP1 is present in HPMC. It was found that AQP1 mRNA and protein are present in HPMC constitutively. The localization of AQP1 protein in peritoneal mesothelial cells was confirmed by double immunohistochemical staining of the mesothelial lining of human peritoneal membrane. More important, the expression of AQP1 in HPMC is not constitutive and the transcription and biosynthesis of AQP1 in HPMC is inducible by osmotic agents such as glucose and mannitol. There was significant enhancement of AQP1 biosynthesis upon exposure to glucose in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P< 0.0001). Similar findings were observed in the AQP1 biosynthesis by an endothelial cell line, EA.hy 926. Of particular interest, the upregulation in AQP1 mRNA or biosynthesis in mesothelial cells was always significantly higher than that of endothelial cells when the experiments were conducted under identical settings (P< 0.001). AQP1 expression in HPMC was demonstrated for the first time. Osmotic agents upregulate both mRNA and protein expression of this aquaporin. The role of AQP1 in HPMC in maintaining the ultrafiltration of the peritoneal membrane is potentially of clinical interest.
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Hamed, Othman, Rana Al-Kerm, Rola Al-Kerm, Hisham Qrareya, Abdalhadi Deghles, and Omar Dagdag. "Carboxymethylated pulp as starting point to prepare hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose with enhanced gel rheological properties in an aqueous medium." BioResources 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 1453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1453-1468.
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Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in an aqueous solution upon heating tends to undergo thermal gelation, where the polymer chains form a network and precipitate from solution. This occurs at a temperature known as thermal gelation point. Polymer precipitation causes a significant drop in the shear viscosity. This could be a disadvantage in a hot environment or in applications were heat is applied. In this work, a hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was formed that undergoes thermal gelation with no polymer precipitation and with enhanced rheological properties. The target HPMC was prepared from wood pulp with a low content of carboxymethyl groups. The produced hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (CMHPMC) derivative showed unique physical properties that are not achievable with typical hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The thermal gelation temperature of an aqueous solution of CMHPMC was increased from 55 °C for commercial HPMC to 85 °C for CMHPMC. A substitution level of carboxymethylation that led to an HPMC with a thermal gelation and with no precipitation was determined to be a 0.15 of carboxyl groups per anhydroglucose repeat unit. In addition, the carboxymethylated pulp showed an enhanced reactivity towards etherification reactions.
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Ha, Hunjoo, and Hi Bahl Lee. "Effect of High Glucose on Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Biology." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 20, no. 2_suppl (May 2000): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080002002s04.
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Objective This study reviews evidence that implicates high glucose (HG) in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis and proposes mechanisms potentially involved in the HG-induced peritoneal fibrosis that is observed in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Design Selected Western literature is reviewed, examining the effect of HG on rat or human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) biology with particular reference to extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression and protein synthesis. Results HG up-regulated the expression of monocyte chemotactic peptide–1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), and fibronectin messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and proteins. These HG-induced up-regulations were effectively blocked by the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). In addition, cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) rapidly increased in HPMC cultured under HG, and treatment with antioxidant effectively inhibited HG-induced fibronectin protein synthesis by HPMC. Conclusion Continuous exposure of the peritoneal membrane to HG may induce changes in HPMC biology, leading to excessive deposition of ECM and peritoneal injury. HG-induced activation of diacylglycerol PKC (DAG–PKC) plays a major role in up-regulation of MCP-1, TGFβ1, and fibronectin synthesis by HPMC cultured under HG. In addition, ROS, recently recognized as signalling molecules, are rapidly generated in HPMC as a result of increased glucose metabolism and may prove to be an important mediator of HG-induced peritoneal injury.
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Lestari, Pramulani Mulya, and Kori Yati. "Pengaruh Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa Sebagai Polimer Mucoadhesiv Terhadap Sifat Fisik Patch Minyak Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum. L)." Jurnal Pharmascience 6, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v6i2.7356.
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ABSTRAK Minyak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) secara tradisional digunakan untuk untuk mengatasi masalah gigi dan mulut, pengembangan bentuk sediaan patch untuk mempertahankan zat aktif pada area gingival dan mencegah wash-out oleh saliva, polimer HPMC yang bersifat mukoadhesif mampu mampu berikatan pada mukosa mulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan HPMC (hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa)sebagai polimer mucoadhesiv terhadap karakteristik fisik sediaan patch minyak cengkeh. Minyak cengkeh dibuat dalam bentuk sediaan emulsi m/a, yang selanjutnya ditambahkan dalam basis gel dengan variasi polimer HPMC yaitu 1 %; 1,5 %; 2 % dan dikeringkan. Patch yang terbentuk dievaluasi bobot rata – rata, pH, ketebalan, folding endurance, waktu tinggal dan swelling indeks. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ketiga formula memiliki bobot rata- rata 21,33 – 29,63 mg pada ukuran 2 x 1 cm, pH 6, mampu bertahan lebih dari 250 lipatan, dan waktu tinggal 24 – 25 menit. Berdasarkan pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan konsentrasi HPMC mempengaruhi sifat fisik patch yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi HPMC maka bobot, ketebalan, waktu tinggal dan indeks mengembang patch juga semakin meningkat, sedangkan tidak terjadi perubahan pH dan kekuatan lipat pada variasi konsentrasi polimer 1 % - 2 % yang digunakan. Key word : HPMC, minyak cengkeh, patch ABSTRACT Clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum) has traditionally been used to overcome dental and oral problems, the development of patch dosage forms to maintain active substances in the gingival area and prevent wash-out by saliva, the mucoadhesive adhesive HPMC polymer capable of binding to the oral mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) as a mucoadhesiv polymer on the physical characteristics of clove oil patch preparations. Clove oil is made in the form of m / a emulsion, which is then added to a gel base with a variation of polymer HPMC that is 1%; 1.5%; 2% and dried. The patches formed are evaluated for average weight, pH, thickness, folding endurance, residence time and index swelling. The results of this study indicate that the three formulas have an average weight of 21.33 - 29.63 mg at a size of 2 x 1 cm, pH 6, able to withstand more than 250 folds, and a residence time of 24-25 minutes. Based on this study it can be concluded the concentration of HPMC affects the physical properties of the resulting patch. The higher the concentration of HPMC, the weight, thickness, residence time and index of the swell patch also increased, while there was no change in pH and folding strength at variations in the polymer concentration of 1% - 2% used. Key word: HPMC, clove oil, patch
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Varshosaz, Jaleh, Jaber Emami, Naser Tavakoli, Mohsen Minaiyan, Nakisa Rahmani, Farid Dorkoosh, and Parvin Mahzouni. "Colon specific delivery of budesonide based on triple coated pellets: in vitro/in vivo evaluation." Acta Pharmaceutica 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-012-0025-y.
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Three layered pellets of budesonide were prepared for colon delivery by the extrusion-spheronization method. The coatings consisted of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) (as barrier layer), Eudragit E (as rate controlling layer) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMC AS) (as enteric layer). The rate controlling layer was further modified using various pore formers. Dissolution studies were carried out at pH 1.2, 7.4 and 6.8. Pellet core composition and type and level of pore former affected the drug release from pellets. Pellets containing 20 % (m/m) citric acid in the cores coated with HPMC at a coating level of 6 % (m/m), Eudragit E containing Avicel RC 581 (30 %) as pore former at a coating level of 30 % (m/m) and HPMC AS at a coating level of 15 % (m/m) had the best release profiles. These pellets showed promising results in alleviating the conditions of an experimental model of colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rats.
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Wang, Shan, Chengyu Liu, Yuejie Chen, Zhen Zhang, Alan Zhu, and Feng Qian. "A high-sensitivity HPLC-ELSD method for HPMC-AS quantification and its application in elucidating the release mechanism of HPMC-AS based amorphous solid dispersions." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 122 (September 2018): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.007.
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Vázquez, María-Jesús, Marta Casalderrey, Roberto Duro, José-Luis Gómez-Amoza, Ramón Martínez-Pacheco, Consuelo Souto, and Angel Concheiro. "Atenolol release from hydrophilic matrix tablets with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) mixtures as gelling agent: effects of the viscosity of the HPMC mixture." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1996): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-0987(95)00030-5.
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Tosha, Sumaiya Mehjabin, Ashima Aziz, Sharmin Jahan Chisty, Md Asaduzzaman, and Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan. "Development and in vitro evaluation of pulsatile drug delivery system of enalapril maleate." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v18i1.23519.
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Pulsatile drug delivery of enalapril maleate is one such system that, by delivering drug at the right time, right place and in right amounts, holds good promises of benefit to the patients suffering from hypertension. The basic design involves the preparation of cross linked hard gelatin capsules using formaldehyde. Then the drug diluent mixtures were prepared and loaded which was separated by using hydrogel plug of polymers of different grades such as HPMC 50 cps, HPMC 100 cps, HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, xanthan gum, carbopol 971 and sodium CMC at different amount (100 and 120 mg). Prepared formulations were subjected to evaluation of various physical parameters and in vitro drug release studies. Dissolution tests were performed using the USP type I basket method at 50 rpm in 6.8 phosphate buffer. From the in vitro dissolution studies it was found that by increasing the amount of polymers, release rate was decreased. Here, 100 mg of HPMC K100M showed 80% drug release in 8 hours whereas 120 mg showed 78.87% drug release in 10 hours. Similar decrease in the release rates were found with the increase of other polymers used in this study. The release data was fitted to various mathematical models such as zero order, first order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer Peppas and Hixson Crowell cube root law. The drug release follows mixed order kinetics and mechanism was found to be non-Fickian diffusion.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 66-71, 2015
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Shrestha, Sarmila, Dharma Prasad Khanal, and Panna Thapa. "Development and Evaluation of Alprazolam Controlled Release tablets." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 22, 2014): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i1.9896.
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Twenty three different tablet formulations of alprazolam were prepared using Polymer like hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M) in the concentration of 5 – 50 % of total weight of tablets and combination of HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M with ethyl cellulose (EC) was formulated by using wet granulation method. Drug formulation containing 1.0 mg, 1.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg alprazolam per tablet maintaining constant HPMC K15M concentration was also developed.The in-vitro dissolution studies of the formulated and marketed product in USP type II apparatus showed that the drug release is dependent upon the drug: polymer ratio; also molecular weight of the polymer and solubility of loaded drug. With increasing concentration and molecular weight of polymer, drug release was found to be decreased. When formulating the tablets the method used whether direct compression or wet granulations also affect the release of the drug from matrix. Wet granulation method by using 40 % HPMC K15M in combination with 5 % EC was found to be most suitable controlled release alprazolam tablet as drug release was found to be appreciable in this formulation. When loading dose of alprazolam was increased, drug release was found to be tremendously decreased because of the poor solubility of alprazolam in water. When one-way ANOVA was applied for various formulated and marketed tablets it was found that there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) in drug release rate among formulation similarly model independent methods was also applied such as similarity and dissimilarity factor and found that there is no significant difference between these formulations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i1.9896 Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol.1(1) 2011; 8-23
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BASOK, ANNA, ALLA SHNAIDER, LIMOR MAN, CIDIO CHAIMOVITZ, and AMOS DOUVDEVANI. "CD40 Is Expressed on Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Upregulates the Production of Interleukin-15 and RANTES." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 4 (April 2001): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v124695.
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Abstract. Limited data are available concerning the interaction between lymphocytes and human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) during peritonitis. CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of receptors whose ligand (CD154) is mainly expressed on the membrane of activated CD4-positive lymphocytes. CD154-CD40 cross-linking is a central event in antigen presentation, B-cell activation by T cells, and regulation of cytokine secretion from various types of cells. The goal of this study was to demonstrate in vitro the presence of CD40 on HPMC and to test its functionality in inducing interleukin-15 (IL-15) and RANTES. We assayed the levels of CD40 by reverse transcription-PCR and flow cytometry and IL-15 and RANTES by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genetically modified L cells that express elevated levels of CD154 (CD40L cells) were used to stimulate CD40. HPMC express CD40 mRNA and protein. After stimulation with interferon-γ (IFNγ, 5U/ml) or TNFα (1 ng/ml), there was a small increase in CD40 mRNA and protein levels; when both cytokines were applied, the increase in CD40 levels was more than threefold. CD40 ligation induced IL-15 production by HPMC and was additive to IFNγ stimulation. CD40 ligation was strongly synergistic with IFNγ in induction of RANTES (20-fold as compared with unstimulated HPMC), whereas neither ligation nor IFNγ alone could induce RANTES. Pretreatment of HPMC with TNFα and IFNγ increased the response to CD40 ligation in magnitudes that correlated with the elevation of CD40 levels induced by the pretreatment. To conclude, the presence of a functional CD40 on HPMC whose ligation induced IL-15 and RANTES production was detected. It is possible that this receptor acts as a major mediator of T-cell—regulated immune and inflammatory response during peritonitis.
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Ananda, H., T. Urs, Y. Prakash, K. Hemalatha, H. Somashekarappa, and R. Somashekar. "Microstructures and Electrical Properties of HPMC/PVP Polymer Blend Films Complex with Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)." Material Science Research India 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/110208.
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Microstructural studies on FeCl3 doped Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)/Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blend films were carried out using X-Ray diffraction studies. The XRD data revealed that the crystalline regions of the HPMC/PVP blend film decreases up to a certain percentage of FeCl3 and then increases. Electrical conductivity studies on these doped films suggest complex formation due to doping which affects microstructure and also ac conductivity of polymer films. All these results were analyzed and explained on the basis of micro structural modification of HPMC/PVP blends as function of dopant concentration.
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Khizer, Zara, Muhammad R. Akram, Rai M. Sarfraz, Jorabar Singh Nirwan, Samia Farhaj, Maria Yousaf, Tariq Hussain, et al. "Plasticiser-Free 3D Printed Hydrophilic Matrices: Quantitative 3D Surface Texture, Mechanical, Swelling, Erosion, Drug Release and Pharmacokinetic Studies." Polymers 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071095.
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Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, HPMC, a hydrophilic polymer, is widely used for the development of extended release hydrophilic matrices and it is also considered as a good contender for the fabrication of 3D printing of matrix tablets. It is often combined with plasticisers to enable extrusion. The aim of the current project was to develop plasticizer-free 3D printed hydrophilic matrices using drug loaded filaments prepared via HME to achieve an in vitro (swelling, erosion and drug release) and in vivo (drug absorption) performance which is analogous to hydrophilic matrix tablets developed through conventional approaches. Additionally, the morphology of the printed tablets was studied using quantitative 3D surface texture studies and the porosity calculated. Filaments were produced successfully and used to produce matrix tablets with acceptable drug loading (95–105%), mechanical and surface texture properties regardless of the employed HPMC grade. The viscosity of HPMC had a discernible impact on the swelling, erosion, HPMC dissolution, drug release and pharmacokinetic findings. The highest viscosity grade (K100M) results in higher degree of swelling, decreased HPMC dissolution, low matrix erosion, decreased drug release and extended drug absorption profile. Overall, this study demonstrated that the drug loaded (glipizide) filaments and matrix tablets of medium to high viscosity grades of HPMC, without the aid of plasticisers, can be successfully prepared. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the successful fabrication of extended release matrices.
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Harfmann, Robert G., Balasaheb K. Deshmukh, Jerry Conklin, Maciej Turowski, Stephanie Lynch, B. H. Butler, M. Chiu, et al. "Determination of Methylcellulose and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Food Gums in Food and Food Products: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.3.786.
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Abstract A collaborative study was performed to determine the reproducibility of a method for the determination of methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in food. These widely used food gums possess unusual solubility characteristics and cannot accurately be determined by existing dietary fiber methods. The new method uses the enzyme-digestion procedure of AOAC Official Method 991.43. Digestate solutions must be refrigerated to fully hydrate MC or HPMC. The chilled solutions are filtered and analyzed by size-exclusion liquid chromatography. Collaborating laboratories received 28 samples containing MC or HPMC in the range of 0100%. The sample set included blind duplicates of 5 food matrixes (bread, milk, fish, potato, and powdered juice drink). Cochran and Grubbs tests were used to eliminate outliers. For food samples containing MC, values for within-laboratory precision, repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr), ranged from 4.2 to 16%, and values for among-laboratories precision, reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR), ranged from 11 to 20%. For HPMC samples, RSDr values ranged from 6.4 to 27%, and RSDR values ranged from 17 to 39%. Recoveries of MC and HPMC from the food matrixes ranged from 78 to 101%. These results show acceptable precision and reproducibility for the determination of MC and HPMC, for which no Official AOAC Methods exist. It is recommended that this method be adopted as AOAC Official First Action.