Academic literature on the topic 'Hsa-miR-105'

Purpose. Cisplatin is one of the most effective drugs for treating ovarian carcinoma (OC), which is among the most lethal types of carcinoma. However, the chemoresistance to cisplatin that develops over time leads to a poor clinical outcome for many OC patients. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance. In this study, we examined how Hsa-miR-105-1 functions in cisplatin-resistant OC cells. Methods. The levels of Hsa-miR-105-1 expression in cisplatin-sensitive and resistant OC cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. The target gene of Hsa-miR-105-1 was predicted by using the TargetScan and Starbase databases and verified by the double luciferase reporter gene assay. The target gene of Hsa-miR-105-1 was identified as ANXA9, and ANXA9 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. To validate the function of Hsa-miR-105-1 in OC cells, we silenced or overexpressed Hsa-miR-105-1 in cisplatin-sensitive or resistant OC cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of several apoptosis-related proteins, including P53, P21, E2F1, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3, were examined by western blot analysis. Results. The levels of Hsa-miR-105-1 expression were abnormally downregulated in cisplatin-resistant OC cells, while ANXA9 expression was significantly upregulated in those cells. Treatment with an Hsa-miR-105-1 inhibitor promoted the expression of ANXA9 mRNA and protein, enhanced the resistance to cisplatin, and attenuated the cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin in cisplatin-sensitive OC cells. Moreover, treatment with Hsa-miR-105-1 mimics inhibited ANXA9 expression, which further increased the levels of P53, P21, and Bax expression and decreased the levels of E2F1 and Bcl-2 expression, finally resulting in an increased sensitivity to cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant OC cells. Conclusion. We found that a downregulation of Hsa-miR-105-1 expression enhanced cisplatin-resistance, while an upregulation of Hsa-miR-105-1 restored the sensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin. The Hsa-miR-105-1/ANXA9 axis plays an important role in the cisplatin-resistance of OC cells.

Risk prediction tools cannot identify most individuals at high coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) and microRNAs are actively involved in atherosclerosis. Our aim was to examine the association of CAD and oxLDLs-induced microRNAs, and to assess the microRNAs predictive capacity of future CAD events. Human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with oxidized/native low-density lipoproteins, and microRNA expression was analyzed. Differentially expressed and CAD-related miRNAs were examined in serum samples from (1) a case-control study with 476 myocardial infarction (MI) patients and 487 controls, and (2) a case-cohort study with 105 incident CAD cases and 455 randomly-selected cohort participants. MicroRNA expression was analyzed with custom OpenArray plates, log rank tests and Cox regression models. Twenty-one microRNAs, two previously undescribed (hsa-miR-193b-5p and hsa-miR-1229-5p), were up- or down-regulated upon cell treatment with oxLDLs. One of the 21, hsa-miR-122-5p, was also upregulated in MI cases (fold change = 4.85). Of the 28 CAD-related microRNAs tested, 11 were upregulated in MI cases-1 previously undescribed (hsa-miR-16-5p)-, and 1/11 was also associated with CAD incidence (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.55 (0.35–0.88)) and improved CAD risk reclassification, hsa-miR-143-3p. We identified 2 novel microRNAs modulated by oxLDLs in endothelial cells, 1 novel microRNA upregulated in AMI cases compared to controls, and one circulating microRNA that improved CAD risk classification.

Testicular germ cell tumours, seminoma (SE) and non-seminoma (NS), of young adult men develop from a precursor cell, carcinomain situ(CIS), which resembles foetal gonocytes and retains embryonic pluripotency. We used microarrays to analyse microRNA (miRNA) expression in 12 human testis samples with CIS cells and compared it with miRNA expression profiles of normal adult testis, testis with Sertoli-cell-only that lacks germ cells, testis tumours (SE and embryonal carcinoma (EC), an undifferentiated component of NS) and foetal male and female gonads. Principal components analysis revealed distinct miRNA expression profiles characteristic for each of the different tissue types. We identified several miRNAs that were unique to testis with CIS cells, foetal gonads and testis tumours. These included miRNAs from the hsa-miR-371–373 and -302–367 clusters that have previously been reported in germ cell tumours and three miRNAs (hsa-miR-96, -141 and -200c) that were also expressed in human epididymis. We found several miRNAs that were upregulated in testis tumours: hsa-miR-9, -105 and -182–183–96 clusters were highly expressed in SE, while the hsa-miR-515–526 cluster was high in EC. We conclude that the miRNA expression profile changes during testis development and that the miRNA profile of adult testis with CIS cells shares characteristic similarities with the expression in foetal gonocytes.

Objectives. This study aims to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using a microarray. Methods. We downloaded the microarray data GSE6613 from the Gene Expression Omnibus, which included 105 samples. We selected 72 samples comprising 22 healthy control blood samples and 50 PD blood samples for further analysis. Later, we used Limma to screen DEGs and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and estimated their functions by the Gene Ontology (GO). Besides, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, including microRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs, was constructed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism. Furthermore, we performed the KEGG pathway enrichment with mRNAs in the ceRNA regulatory network and constructed a final network, including pathways, mRNAs, microRNAs, and lncRNAs. Results. Overall, we obtained 394 DEGs, including 207 upregulated DEGs and 187 downregulated DEGs, and 7 DElncRNAs, including 2 upregulated DElncRNAs and 5 downregulated DElncRNAs. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) was considerably enriched in the endocytosis pathway. In the ceRNA regulation network, IGF1R was the target of hsa-miR-133b and lncRNAs of XIST, and PART1 could also be the target of hsa-miR-133b. While the upregulated DEGs were enriched in the GO terms of the cytoskeleton, cytoskeletal part, and microtubule cytoskeleton, the downregulated DEGs were enriched in the immune response. PRKACA was markedly enriched in numerous pathways, including the MAPK and insulin signaling pathways. Conclusions. IGF1R, PRKACA, and lncRNA-XIST could be potentially involved in PD, and these diverse molecular mechanisms could support the development of the similar treatment for PD.

Abstract Introduction In the last years genome wide profilings have identified recurrent Copy Number Alterations (CNA) in genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). These studies have identified deletions in B-cell development genes (IKZF1, EBF1, PAX5, TCF3, etc.), cell cycle regulation genes (CDKN2A/B, RB1, TP53, etc.), glucocorticoid resistance genes (BTG1, CREBBP) and growth factor receptors genes (CRLF2, CSF2RA, IL3RA) among others. Some of these CNA (i.e. IKZF1, CDKN2A, CRLF2) have been reported to have prognostic significance in several pediatric series but there are very few data regarding their impact in B-lineage adult ALL. Our aim was to analyze the frequency and prognostic significance of CNA in a series of 125 B-lineage adult ALL patients treated according to risk-adapted protocols from the Spanish PETHEMA Group. Methods Bone marrow or peripheral blood (with significant blast burden) samples from 125 B-lineage adult ALL patients enrolled in risk-adapted protocols from the PETHEMA Group were analyzed at diagnosis. MLPA assays (MRC-Holland) were performed for the following genes: IKZF1, IKZF2, IKZF3, EBF1, CDKN2A/B, PAX5, ETV6, BTG1, RB1, hsa-miR-31, X/Y PAR1 region genes (CRLF2, CSF2RA, IL3RA) and 14q32.33 region genes (IGH D, MTA1, KIAA0284). Fragment analysis was made by Genescan in an ABI-3130 sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Data normalization provided a value indicative of the presence or absence of CNA: 0-0.20 homozygous deletion, 0.21-0.70 heterozygous deletion, 0.71-1.30 normal, 1.31-1.70 heterozygous duplication and 1.71-2.20 homozygous duplication. Results The median age [range] was 40 [15-74] years, 71 (57%) males, median WBC count 12.11 x109/L [0.4-388]. Immunophenotype: pro-B 14 (11%), common 71 (58%), pre-B 26 (21%), mature-B 10 (8%), unavailable 2 (2%). Cytogenetics: normal 16 (13%), hyperdiploid 6 (5%), hypodiploid 2 (2%), t(9:22) 20 (16%), t(1;19) 8 (6%), 11q23/MLL 11 (9%), 8q24/C-MYC 7 (5%), complex 1 (1%), iAMP21 2 (2%), other translocations or deletions 31 (25%), no growth 20 (16%). CNA frequencies of the 125 patients are shown in the table. IKZF1 deletions were significantly associated with EBF1 deletions, high WBC count and Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. In the IKZF1 deleted cohort whole gene deletions were as frequent as Ik6 isoforms (28% each). A high codeletion rate was detected in genes located in 9p (CDKN2A/B with PAX5, CDKN2A/B with hsa-miR-31 and PAX5 with hsa-miR-31). CDKN2A/B also showed concomitant deletions with ETV6 while PAX5 showed codeletions with BTG1. CDKN2A/B and PAX5 deleted patients had higher WBC counts than non-deleted individuals. Clinical follow-up data was available for 123 patients of the whole series and for the 105 patients of the Ph-negative cohort. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age, BTG1 deletions and EBF1 deletions were negative prognostic factors for achieving Complete Remission (CR) and WBC count and IKZF1 deletions significantly reduced CR duration in both cohorts. Interestingly, there were significant differences in relapse rates between whole and partial gene IKZF1 deletions. IKZF1 haploinsufficient patients had a probability of CR duration at 3 years of 83% ± 30% vs. 6% ± 12% of partial gene deletion carriers. Advanced age and IKZF1 deletions were predictors for overall survival in the Ph-negative cohort and age>30 years, IKZF1 deletions and hsa-miR-31 deletions were associated with poor prognosis in the whole series. Conclusions In B-lineage adult ALL, deletions of IKZF1, EBF1, BTG1 or hsa-miR-31 are markers with prognostic significance in addition to age and WBC count. Patients with partial IKZF1 gene deletions have a significantly higher probability of relapse than those with whole gene loss. These genetic abnormalities could help to better define prognostic subgroups in adult patients with B-lineage ALL. Supported by the grants PI10/01417 and RD12-0036-0029 from Instituto Carlos III and a grant from the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (2012). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second leading cause of mortality among cancer patients and is potentially preventable through the use of anticoagulation therapy. Risk models exist to guide use of prophylactic therapy but have low positive predictive value. New biomarkers are needed, particularly in intermediate-risk cancer types. Extracellular small RNAs, such as miRNAs, are promising biomarkers that have been implicated in tumor-dependent modification of platelets, a key component of thrombus formation. In this pilot study, we explore miRNAs as potential biomarkers for VTE risk in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods We conducted a case-control study utilizing specimens from a population enrolled in a prospective colorectal cancer biorepository at the Cleveland Clinic. Cases were defined as patients who developed VTE, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, within 6 months after cancer diagnosis and had their blood drawn prior to VTE. Cases were matched to controls (who did not have VTE and had a minimum of 6 months survival after cancer diagnosis) on a 1:2 ratio based on age, sex, cancer stage at diagnosis, and cancer treatment received prior to blood collection for a total of 21 patients. Total RNA from plasma specimens were sequenced on a Ion Proton platform (Thermo Fisher). Sequencing data were analyzed using the limma-voom R package. As this study was meant to be exploratory, miRNA were determined to be differentially expressed at a corrected Benjamini-Hochberg false detection rate (FDR) < 0.2. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using mirDB and target gene pathways constructed with PANTHER. Results The study population had a median age of 65 (IQR 51-72). Of these patients, 85.7% were male; 42.9% had stage I/II cancer, 42.9% stage III cancer, 14.3% stage IV cancer; 71.4% had received no treatment prior to blood collection, 14.3% received chemo/chemoradiation therapy, and 14.3% received surgery. A total of 2426 unique miRNAs (median 1524, IQR 1371-1665) were expressed in the study group. Of these, 9 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed (FDR < 0.2) and downregulated in cases compared to controls: hsa-miR-4451, 942-3p, 8063, 3132, 3118, 105-5p, 891a-5p, 200a-5p, and 6832-3p. From these miRNAs, 609 target genes were predicted and classified into 75 pathways, including angiogenesis, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), inflammation mediated by chemo/cytokines, and integrin signaling. Target genes within these notable pathways included EPHA3, PDGFA, PTK2/FAK1, and IL15. Conclusions We identified 9 significantly downregulated miRNAs in the blood of colorectal cancer patients who developed VTE compared to controls in this pilot study. These data suggest that colorectal cancer patients may express unique miRNA profiles prior to VTE development which may be useful as biomarkers in future predictive models. In addition, this study identified potential new mechanistic targets for understanding cancer-associated thrombosis. While the role of GPCRs, integrins, and inflammation in platelet activation and function is widely known, this study also identified factors within the angiogenesis pathway that have been linked to increased platelet aggregation and tissue factor activation. Thus, downregulation of inhibitory miRNAs may cause disinhibition of pathways important for platelet and vascular function and other prothrombotic factors. Disclosures Khorana: Janssen: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy. McCrae:Pfizer Pharmaceutical: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Dova Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Rigel Pharmaceutical: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

BackgroundBreast cancer is a malignancy and lethal tumor in women. Metastasis of breast cancer is one of the causes of poor prognosis. Increasing evidences have suggested that the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were associated with the metastasis of breast cancer. Nonetheless, potential roles of ceRNAs in regulating the metastasis of breast cancer remain unclear.MethodsThe RNA expression (3 levels) and follow-up data of breast cancer and noncancerous tissue samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed and metastasis associated RNAs were identified for functional analysis and constructing the metastasis associated ceRNA network by comprehensively bioinformatic analysis. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve was utilized to screen the prognostic RNAs in metastasis associated ceRNA network. Moreover, we further identified the metastasis associated biomarkers with operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Ultimately, the data of Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE, https://portals.broadinstitute.org/ccle) website were selected to obtained the reliable metastasis associated biomarkers.Results1005 mRNAs, 22 miRNAs and 164 lncRNAs were screened as differentially expressed and metastasis associated RNAs. The results of GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these RNAs are mainly associated with the metabolic processes and stress responses. Next, a metastasis associated ceRNA (including 104 mRNAs, 19 miRNAs, and 16 lncRNAs) network was established, and 12 RNAs were found to be related to the overall survival (OS) of patients. In addition, 3 RNAs (hsa-miR-105-5p, BCAR1, and PANX2) were identified to serve as reliable metastasis associated biomarkers. Eventually, the results of mechanism analysis suggested that BCAR1 might promote the metastasis of breast cancer by facilitating Rap 1 signaling pathway.ConclusionIn the present research, we identified 3 RNAs (hsa-miR-105-5p, BCAR1 and PANX2) might associated with prognosis and metastasis of breast cancer, which might be provide a new perspective for metastasis of breast cancer and contributed to the treatment of breast cancer.

Micro (mi)RNAs have recently been found to play an important role in cancer biology. In order to further understand how miRNAs affect prostate tumour progression, we evaluated miRNA expression in two invasive prostate tumour lines, PC3 and DU145. We then focused our evaluation on a novel miRNA, miR-105, whose levels were significantly decreased in both tumour cell lines as compared to normal prostate epithelial cells. As miR-105 levels were reduced in prostate tumour cell lines, we restored its expression following transfection of cells with mimic constructs to over-express miR-105 in both cell lines, in order to determine its effect on various tumourigenic properties. Over-expression caused decreased tumour cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo. We further identified CDK6 as a putative target of miR-105, which likely contributed to its inhibition of tumour cell growth. Our results suggest that miR-105 inhibits tumour cell proliferation and may be an interesting target to regulate tumour growth or potentially used as a biomarker to differentiate between less and more aggressive tumours in patients.