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Journal articles on the topic 'HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Johnson, N., and P. Sanders. "High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) Aluminum." International Journal of Metalcasting 6, no. 1 (January 2012): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03355480.

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2

Montemarano, T. W., B. P. Sack, J. P. Gudas, M. G. Vassilaros, and H. H. Vanderveldt. "High Strength Low Alloy Steels in Naval Construction." Journal of Ship Production 2, no. 03 (August 1, 1986): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1986.2.3.145.

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The Naval Sea Systems Command has recently certified a lower-cost alternative steel to the HY-80 steel presently used in construction of naval surface ships. This alternative steel is based on the commercial development of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels originally directed to the offshore oil exploration platform and gas line transmission industries. The certification is a result of an ongoing research and development program begun in 1980. This paper addresses several aspects of the HSLA steel development effort, including a discussion of the properties and metallurgy of this steel, and the cost savings which are achievable. Finally, the status of the current and planned Navy HSLA usage and the R&D program is described.
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3

Li, Ning, Wilasinee Kingkam, Zi Ming Bao, Ren Heng Han, Yao Huang, He Xin Zhang, and Cheng Zhi Zhao. "Effect of Alloying Elements on Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel." Materials Science Forum 1007 (August 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1007.41.

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In this study, the two types of high-strength low-alloy steels were melted and cast in a vacuum induction furnace. Phase transition temperature of HSLA steel was calculated by JMatPro software. The calculation results show that the two different types of HSLA steels which have equal phase proportions of ferrite and austenite at a temperature of approximately 820 and 800 °C in HSLA-I and HSLA-II, respectively. In addition, the effect of chemical composition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of steels were studied. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile stress value of HSLA-II samples was greater than the HSLA-I samples by about 35%, and the yield stress and breaking strength value of HSLA-II were higher than HSLA-I as well.
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4

Timokhina, Ilana B., Peter D. Hodgson, Simon P. Ringer, Rong Kun Zheng, and Elena V. Pereloma. "Characterization of Nano-Scale Particles in Hot-Rolled, High Strength Low Alloy Steels (HSLA)." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 2083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2083.

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The contribution of nano-scale particles observed using Atom Probe Tomography in an increase of yield strength of conventional and advanced HSLA steels was studied. The advanced HSLA steel showed higher yield strength than conventional HSLA steel. There were two types of carbides, which primarily contribute to an increase in yield strength of conventional HSLA steel: (i) coarse TiC with average size of 25±5nm and (ii) fine TiC with average radius of 3±1.2nm. The presence of two types of carbides was found in the microstructure of advanced HSLA steel: (i) nano-scale Ti0.98Mo0.02C0.6 carbides with average radius of 2.2±0.5nm, and (ii) C19Cr7Mo24 particles with an average radius of 1.5±0.3nm. The contribution of precipitation hardening in the yield strength of advanced HSLA steel due to the nano-scale particles was 174MPa, while this value in the conventional HSLA steel was 128MPa.
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5

Wold, Espen. "High strength low alloy (HSLA) cold forming steels." Materials & Design 11, no. 5 (October 1990): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(90)90206-y.

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6

Zhang, Chun Guo, Stefan van der Vyver, and Xiao Zhi Hu. "Fatigue Behavior of Weld-Repaired High Strength Low Alloy Steel." Advanced Materials Research 275 (July 2011): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.39.

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Fatigue crack growth properties of Bisplate 80, a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel, with extensive weld repair have been studied. Fatigue cracking becomes relevant if extensive abrasive wear damage is repaired through welding because of the change in material properties. In this study, extended compact tension (E-CT) specimens of Bisplate 80 with and without weld repair, and with and without a buffer layer between the weld and parent material are used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour. Fatigue crack growth rates are closely monitored at the interface regions between the weld, buffer layer and parent metal. Detailed SEM observations are also conducted at those locations. It is expected that the experimental results can provide useful information on the optimum weld repair conditions of HSLA.
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7

Speer, J. G., and S. S. Hansen. "As-Rolled High-Strength Plate Grades for Navy Shipbuilding Applications." Journal of Ship Production 5, no. 03 (August 1, 1989): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1989.5.3.200.

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As-rolled high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steel plates offer a number of benefits compared with heat-treated plates, and this paper discusses laboratory and production experiments which have been conducted to develop as-rolled grades for high-strength Navy shipbuilding applications (for example, HSLA-65 and HSLA-80). A low-carbon niobium/vanadium microalloyed steel is shown to offer favorable combinations of strength, toughness, and weldability. The results indicate that an as-rolled grade which meets the current HSLA-80 strength and impact requirements can be produced in thicknesses up to approximately 19 mm (3/1 in.); HSLA-65 plates can be produced up to about 51 mm (2 in.) thick. This grade is generally weldable without preheat using HY-80 consumables.
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8

Zhang, Chun Guo, Peng Min Lu, and Jun Hong Li. "Effect of Buffer Layer Thickness on Fatigue and Residual Stress of Welded High-Strength Low-Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 820 (September 2013): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.820.110.

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The present work dealt with the fatigue and residual stress (RS) effects of a soft buffer layer (BL) between the parent metal and the weld metal (WM) on welded high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. Six strategies were pursued by varying BL thickness and changing U-notch position with respect to the WM in extended-compact tension specimen. The U-notch position was changed to study the effect of welding RS field, acting along the fatigue crack growth path. The welded HSLAs with BLs strategies were compared to the specimens without BLs strategies, before and after releasing RS respectively. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of a thin BL of 4 mm significantly reduced the fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) when the RS in the welded HSLA was released by machining a U-notch in the WM. A thick BL of 10 mm was found to be beneficial to fatigue resistance when a U-notch was in the PM.
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9

Yan, Wei, Yang Zhang, Weiqing Chen, and Jing Li. "Freckle formation and prevention in high strength low alloy steel ingots." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 3 (2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020030.

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Freckles considerably limit the development of larger electro-slag remelting (ESR) ingots. To simulate the freckling conditions in ESR ingots, high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steel was solidified with varying solidification front angles. Note that the freckling potential is enhanced and the orientation of freckle channel tends to be in the vertical direction with increase in solidification front angle. This is because the tilted solidification front contributes the available buoyancy and transports light (Si, Mn, Cr)-enriched liquid flows upwards toward the mush zone and then accumulates in the open segregation channel. For freckle formation in experimental HSLA steel ingots, a modified Rayleigh number (Ra) that considers the anisotropy of permeability and solidification front angle was evaluated and a threshold value of Ra that separates the freckled and freckle-free area was determined to be 0.79.
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10

Cao, Xin Jin, Priti Wanjara, A. Bernard, Dominik Pudo, Cameron Munro, and Allison E. Nolting. "Hybrid Fiber Laser – Arc Welding of High Strength Low Alloy Steel." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.663.

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High strength low alloy (HSLA) grade 80 (HSLA-80) steel with a thickness of 9.1-mm was successfully welded in a single pass using a 5-kW fiber laser combined with an arc welding process. It was found that the maximum gap size in the Y-groove butt joint configuration should remain below 0.2 mm for a 9.1-mm section thickness. Sound butt joints with no welding cracks but some minor microporosity were successfully obtained. However, an underfill defect was frequently observed on the top surface of the weldments. Underfilling could be mitigated through increasing the filler wire addition so as to exceed the groove volume; however, due to significant evaporation and expulsion of the molten pool at the high laser power density, the underfill defect would be difficult to fully eliminate. At slow cooling rates, slight softening in the heat affected zone (HAZ) was present in the mid-thickness region but its elimination is possible at high welding speeds.
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11

Mandal, P. K., and Ravi Kant. "Effect of Microalloying Elements on Mechanical Properties in the High Strength Low Alloy Steel." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.231.

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The effect of microalloying elements in Ti-Nb-V containing high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel has been investigated in the present study. The addition of low alloying elements (such as Ti, Nb and V) and distinct heating treatment processes has been used to improve the mechanical properties of HSLA steel. The effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of normalizing treatment (at 950°C) of as forged steel has been investigated. The microstructural characterization of microalloyed HSLA steel is carried out by using different techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) etc. The hardness, tensile testing and Charpy V notch impact tests are performed to study the mechanical behaviour of the alloy. It has been concluded that the precipitation strengthening mechanism for the improvement of impact toughness due to secondary precipitates such as TiN, Ti(C, N), VN etc.
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12

Hofstetter, J., M. Becker, E. Martinelli, A. M. Weinberg, B. Mingler, H. Kilian, S. Pogatscher, P. J. Uggowitzer, and J. F. Löffler. "High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Mg–Zn–Ca Alloys with Excellent Biodegradation Performance." JOM 66, no. 4 (February 12, 2014): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-014-0875-5.

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13

Mishra(Pathak), S. K., S. Das, and S. Ranganathan. "Precipitation in high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel: a TEM study." Materials Science and Engineering: A 323, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(01)01382-x.

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14

Jiménez-Peña, Carlos, Constantinos Goulas, Johannes Preußner, and Dimitri Debruyne. "Failure Mechanisms of Mechanically and Thermally Produced Holes in High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Plates Subjected to Fatigue Loading." Metals 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030318.

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High-strength low-alloy steels (HSLA) are gaining popularity in structural applications in which weight reduction is of interest, such as heavy duty machinery, bridges, and offshore structures. Since the fatigue behavior of welds appears to be almost independent of the base material and displays little improvement when more resistant steel grades are employed, the use of bolted joints is an alternative joining technique which can lead to an increased fatigue performance of HSLA connections. Manufacturing a hole to allocate the fastener elements is an unavoidable step in bolted elements and it might induce defects and tensile residual stresses that could affect its fatigue behavior. This paper studies and compares several mechanical (punching, drilling, and waterjet-cut) and thermal (plasma and laser-cut) hole-making procedures in HSLA structural plates. A series of 63 uniaxial fatigue tests was completed, covering three HSLA grades produced by thermomechanically controlled process (TMCP) with yield strength ranging from 500 to 960 MPa. Samples were tested at single load level, which was considered representative in HSLA typical applications, according to the input received from end users. The manufactured holes were examined by means of optical and electron microscopy, 3D point measurement, micro hardness tests, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results give insight on cutting processes in HSLA and indicate how the fatigue failure is dominated by macro defects rather than by the steel grade. It was shown that the higher yield strength of the HSLA grades did not lead to a higher fatigue life. Best fatigue results were achieved with laser-cut specimens while punched samples withstood the lowest amount of cycles.
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15

Cheng, Ji Hao, and Yi Qiang Sun. "Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of High Strength Low Alloy Steel." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.1182.

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This paper analyzed the HSLA pipeline steel’s stress corrosion behavior and mechanism which tested in the saturated solution of H2S. The steel’s SSCC susceptibility was determined by constant load tensile according to NACE TM-0177 standard. Used SEM observed the fracture, and then the steel’s corrosion rate and short-term corrosion behavior were analyzed by electrochemical polarization curves in saturated solution of H2S in the environment A. The results show that the steel has a large SSCC susceptibility and a high corrosion rate. What’s more, corrosion rate increases with the increase of immersion time. The results also show that the crack fracture of the steel is caused by anodic dissolution and the hydrogen which penetrates into the steel can increase the anodic dissolution.
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16

Javadzadeh, A., and T. I. Khan. "Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of High Strength Low Alloy Steel Coiled Tubing." Key Engineering Materials 442 (June 2010): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.442.66.

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The oil and gas industry of Alberta, Canada use coiled tubing made from high strength low alloyed steel (HSLA) to extract oil from reservoirs deep beneath the earth’s surface. The repeated use of the coiled tubing in down-hole wells results in fatigue failure of the tube material. In order to repair the coiled tube, a section of tubing is fusion welded using tungsten inert gas welding onto the remaining tube steel. However, the fusion weld often fails within the weld region and therefore, alternative joining methods need to be explored to minimize detrimental changes at the joint region. In this study transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is used with the aid of metal interlayers based on the Ag-Cu and Ni-P systems. These interlayers form a liquid at the melting point and the gradual diffusion of alloying elements into the joint and the diffusion of elements out of the joint region induces isothermal solidification whilst the joint is held at the bonding temperature. The TLP bonding behaviour of the HSLA steel as a function of bonding parameters was investigated and the quality of the joint region determined using metallurgical techniques (light and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy) and mechanical testing.
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17

Klenam, D. E. P., L. H. Chown, M. J. Papo, and L. A. Cornish. "Phase proportions, carbon equivalent, mechanical properties and their effect on material cost of railway axle steels." MRS Advances 3, no. 37 (2018): 2169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.348.

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AbstractCommuter trains with solid axle configuration are produced from medium carbon steel due to cost restrictions. High-speed trains have hollow axle configuration for reduced weight and are made from high strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels. The HSLA steels have higher amounts of C, Cr, Ni, Mo, V and Nb, and are more expensive than medium carbon steels. The effects of phase proportions, carbon equivalent (CE), yield strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) on material costs of existing railway axle steels were studied using Thermo-Calc. Medium carbon rail axle steels had higher Fe3C phase proportions than the HSLA steel rail axle grades. Higher affinity of Cr, Mo and V for C than Fe resulted in decreased cementite proportions. The HSLA steels had yield strengths above 370 MPa, and UTS above 750 MPa, with increased material cost above $3300 per ton. A scattered distribution was observed for the pearlite weight fraction and material costs, with most between $3200 and $3400. The yield and tensile strengths increased with increasing carbon equivalent and pearlite weight fraction. The data aided the selection and design of alloys with better mechanical and corrosion properties at reduced material cost.
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18

Zhang, Mei, Jun Zhang, Yu Xiang Ning, Tao Wang, and Zi Wan. "Springback Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) CP800." Advanced Materials Research 820 (September 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.820.45.

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800MPa grade Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS), Complex Phase steel CP800, containing microalloying elements, are chosen to test the stamping properties in different test conditions and compared with traditional high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels HSLA S700MC. Tensile test, and HAT shape stamping test are taken to investigate the properties of the materials. Test results indicate that the studied 800MPa grade AHSS shows a better strength ductility balance compared with the reference HSLA steels. Under the same HAT shape springback stamping condition, HSLA steels S700MC always show the largest springback deformation among the investigated steels. While springback angles of all the AHSS studied are markedly smaller than that of steel S700MC. Among the 3 kinds of AHSS researched, CP800T always show the largest springback deformation. Domestic steel CP800 and imported CP800S show much smaller springback deformation respectively. In BHF of 100KN condition, springback deformation of 3 kinds of AHSS reaches the top value among all the BHF conditions. However, steel CP800 indicates an outstanding springback restrain trend in blank holding force (BHF) further increasing attempt. Thus, springback behavior can be restricted obviously by using a larger blank holding force (BHF) in steel CP800 stamping cases.
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19

Jindal, Sandeep, Rahul Chhibber, and N. P. Mehta. "Issues in Welding of HSLA Steels." Advanced Materials Research 365 (October 2011): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.44.

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The application of High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steels has expanded to almost all fields viz. automobile industry, ship building, line pipe, pressure vessels, building construction, bridges, storage tanks. HSLA steels were developed primarily for the automotive industry to replace low-carbon steels in order to improve the strength-to-weight ratio and meet the need for higher-strength materials. Due to higher-strength and added excellent toughness and formability, demand for HSLA steel is increasing globally. With the increase of demand; other issues like the selection of filler grade and selection of suitable welding process for the joining of these steels have become very significant. This paper discusses the various issues regarding selection of suitable grade and selection of suitable welding process for joining of HSLA steels and issues concerning the structural integrity of HSLA steel welds.
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20

Chen, Yan Tang, and Kai Guang Zhang. "High Strength Offshore Steel with Excellent Weldability." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1650.

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A new high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel in 370MPa yield strength grade with low susceptivity to weld cold cracking has been developed for offshore engineering. The microstructure feature of base steel and weld heat affected zone (HAZ) has been investigated. The systematic studies showed that the developed steel exhibited high strength(yield strength≥370MPa)、high impact toughness and excellent weldability. The complex inclusions containing fine oxides in HAZ promoted the acicular ferrite formation in weld thermal cycle and resulted in desired mechanical properties of HAZ.
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21

Mishra(Pathak), S. K., S. Ranganathan, S. K. Das, and Samar Das. "Investigations on precipitation characteristics in a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel." Scripta Materialia 39, no. 2 (June 1998): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(98)00138-9.

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22

Fox, A. G., V. R. Mattes, S. Mikalac, and M. G. Vassilaros. "Electron Microscope studies of the microstructures in as-quenched and aged HSLA-100 production steels and correlation with mechanical properties." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 582–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087227.

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Because of their excellent weldability, high strength low alloy (HSLA) ultra low carbon bainitic (ULCB) steels are finding increasing applications in ship and submarine construction. In order to achieve the required strength and toughness in ULCB HSLA steels it is necessary to control chemical composition and thermo-mechanical processing very carefully so that the desired microstructure and mechanical properties can be achieved. For instance HSLA 100 ULCB steel (nominal yield strength 100 ksi) used by the U.S. Navy in shipbuilding applications can derive its strength and toughness from the following sources:- (1) solid solution strengthening (2) small prior austenite grain size derived from niobium carbonitride precipitation at austenite grain boundaries (3) dislocation substructure and (4) from copper precipitates (in aged alloys). The object of the present work is to correlate the microstructure and mechanical properties of production batches of HSLA 100 in the quenched and aged conditions. Because many of the salient features of these microstructures are submicron in size it was found necessary to use SEM and TEM.
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23

Liu, Xiao Hang, Wen Jing Yuan, Hao Bin Tian, and Fa Xi Diao. "Effect of the Strain Rate on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of High Strength Low Alloy Steel HC340LA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.467.

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The mechanical properties and microstructure of the high strength low alloy HC340LA were obtained with different strain rate. The research shows that the better plasticity, higher tensile strength and yield ratio can be found in high speed tensile state than in quasi-static tension. The plasticity and tensile strength decrease with the increasing of the strain rate during the high speed tension. With the increasing of the strain rate, the grain size of the ferrite decreases and its distribution is uneven, and the grain boundaries increases. The HSLA steel HC340LA submit to obvious Ductile Frecture mechanism. The size of the dimples is more uniform, bigger and deeper with the strain rate 50 s-1 than with the strain rate 200 s-1. Therefore, the higher strain rate with over strain rate 50 s-1 has less Superscript textcontribution to the improvement of plasticity of the HSLA steel HC340LA.
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24

Alipooramirabad, Houman, Anna Paradowska, Shahrooz Nafisi, Mark Reid, and Reza Ghomashchi. "Post-Weld Heat Treatment of API 5L X70 High Strength Low Alloy Steel Welds." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 5801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245801.

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High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steels are the materials of choice in pipeline construction with the API X70 grade as the steel for the majority of pipeline networks constructed during the late 20th and early this century. This paper reports on the influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) on the reduction of residual stresses, resulting changes in the microstructure, and mechanical properties of a multi-pass, X70 HSLA steel, weld joints made by a combined Modified Short Arc Welding (MSAW) and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) processes. Neutron diffraction results highlighted high magnitude of tensile residual stresses, in excess of yield strength of both parent and weld metal, in the as-welded specimen (~650 MPa), which were decreased substantially as a result of applying PWHT (~144 MPa). Detailed microstructural studies are reported to confirm the phase transformation during PWHT and its interrelationship with mechanical properties. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis showed polygonization and formation of sub-grains in the PWHT specimen which justifies the reduction of residual stress in the heat-treated weld joints. Furthermore, microstructural changes due to PWHT justify the improvement in ductility (increase in the elongations) with a slight reduction in yield and tensile strength for the PWHT weld joint.
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25

Rusnaldy, Rusnaldy, and Herlangga Herlangga. "STUDI KETAHANAN BALISTIK BAJA HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY AISI 4140." ROTASI 19, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.19.1.24-28.

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Baja adalah material yang mudah diperoleh dan relatif murah harganya. Selama ini material tahan peluru yang digunakan untuk membuat kendaraan tempur (Tank) masih berasal dari negara lain. Baja yang digunakanpun kebanyakan adalah dari jenis baja armor atau baja khusus untuk menahan serangan peluru. Pada studi ini baja komersial yang terdapat di pasaran digunakan untuk diteliti kemampuannya dalam menahan peluru. Jenis baja tersebut adalah jenis baja high strength low alloy (HSLA) AISI 4140. Agar dapat menahan peluru, baja tersebut perlu ditingkatkan kekuatan dan kekerasannya melalui proses perlakuan panas. Disamping itu perlu dicari berapa ketebalan minimum dari baja jenis ini yang masih dapat menahan penetrasi peluru. Uji balistik dilakukan di lapangan tembak markas Brimob di Semarang. Uji tembak dilakukan oleh personil Brimob yang memiliki keahlian menembak dari jarak jauh (sniper) dengan menggunakan senjata AK 101 yang mampu melontarkan peluru dengan kecepatan 900 m/s. Peluru yang digunakan memiliki kaliber 5,6 mm dengan jarak tembak 25 m. Setelah uji tembak, dilakukan pengamatan terhadap jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada pelat target. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa proses perlakuan panas hardening dapat meningkatkan ketahanan peluru baja AISI 4140, dimana ketebalan minimum pelat yang masih dapat menahan peluru adalah 7 mm
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26

Wang, Li Hui, Di Tang, Xiang Dong Liu, Yan Wen Zhang, and Shi Zheng Zhou. "Analysis of Orange Peel Defects on Hot-Dip Galvanized High Strength Low Alloy Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.221.

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The surface of hot-dip galvanized high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel easily occurs orange peel in the deformation process. On the other hand, the defects possess a specific directivity and sits at approximately a 45-degree angle to the sheet steel rolling direction. The microstructures and properties of steel specimens with the orange peel defects and the normal were analyzed, which results showed that their microstructures consist of ferrite and few granular pearlite. The yield point elongation of the HSLA steel resulted in the orange peel defects on the surface of sheet stamping and it is associated with skin rolling and stretch rolling process. Further studied on the fine microstructures by means of SEM and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques, which was apparent for the defect steel that the orange peel defects were resulted from weak favorable {111} texture might be the key factors aggravating the formation of orange peel defects. It can be concluded that the formation of Cottrell atmospheres caused the yield point elongation by the interaction between dislocation and diffusive solute atoms as basic reason and the directivity of the orange peel defects was related with the LUDERS slip forming. The yield point elongation can be eliminated to avoid the orange peel defects beyond to 1.8% skin-rolling and stretch rolling method with an appropriate annealing technology.
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27

Hofstetter, J., S. Rüedi, I. Baumgartner, H. Kilian, B. Mingler, E. Povoden-Karadeniz, S. Pogatscher, P. J. Uggowitzer, and J. F. Löffler. "Processing and microstructure–property relations of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) Mg–Zn–Ca alloys." Acta Materialia 98 (October 2015): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.021.

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Murariu, Alin Constantin, and Aurel Valentin Bîrdeanu. "Correlation between GMAW Parameters and Mechanical Properties of Hot-Rolled, High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Steel Butt Joints." Key Engineering Materials 890 (June 23, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.890.25.

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In all industrial fields, the product requirements are more and more demanding. HSLA steels are designed to provide higher atmospheric corrosion resistance and improved mechanical properties than structural steels. The paper presents the results of an experimental program based on factorial design, applied to predict the mechanical properties of butt-welded joints of S420MC and S460MC hot-rolled, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel plates with 2mm, 4mm and 8mm thickness. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) was used and correlations between the main process parameters and the related mechanical properties of the welded joints were found. Obtained mathematical correlations can be exploited to provide optimal combination of welding parameters to fit the quality requirements of the end-users for envisaged welded product.
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Jung, Woo Young, and Tae Kwon Ha. "Hot Workability of a High Strength Low Alloy Steel for Construction Application." Materials Science Forum 724 (June 2012): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.178.

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The hot deformation behavior of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel for construction application under hot working conditions in the temperature range of 900 to 1100 and strain rate range from 0.1 to 10 s-1 has been studied by performing a series of hot compression tests. The dynamic materials model has been employed for developing the processing maps, which show variation of the efficiency of power dissipation with temperature and strain rate. Also the Kumars model has been used for developing the instability map, which shows variation of the instability for plastic deformation with temperature and strain rate. The efficiency of power dissipation increased with decreasing strain rate and increasing temperature. High efficiency of power dissipation over 20 % was obtained at a finite strain level of 0.3 under the conditions of strain rate lower than 1 s-1 and temperature higher than 1050. Plastic instability was expected in the regime of temperatures lower than 1000°C and strain rate lower than 0.3 s-1.
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30

Rizvi, Saadat Ali, Rajnish Singh, and Saurabh Kumar Gupta. "The impact of heat input on the mechanical properties and microstructure of High Strength Low Alloy steel welded joint by GMA welding process." Engineering Solid Mechanics 9, no. 3 (2021): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2021.2.001.

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The basic aim of this study was to find a relationship between heat input and mechanical properties of high strength low alloy steel (HSLA) welded joints and also elaborate its effect on microstructure. The combined effect of welding current, voltage and speed i.e. Heat Input on mechanical properties of High Strength Low Alloy Steel (ASTM A242 type-II) weldments have been studied in the present work. HSLA steel work pieces were welded by Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process under varying welding current, arc voltage, and welding speed. Total nine samples were prepared at different heat input level i.e. 1.872 kJ/mm, 1.9333 kJ/mm, 2.0114 kJ/mm, 2.1 kJ/mm, 2.1956 kJ/mm, 2.296 kJ/mm, 2.4 kJ/mm, 2.5067 kJ/mm and 2.6154 kJ/mm It was observed that as heat input increases the ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of weldment decreased while impact strength increased and it was also observed that on increasing the heat input grain size of microstructure tends to coarsening it is only due to decreasing in cooling rate.
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Velumani, Manivelmuralidaran, M. Sakthivel, and M. Balaji. "Cold Crack Susceptibility studies on High Strength Low Alloy Steel 950A using Tekken Test." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13 (January 22, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i0.5650.

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In This research article deals with the study of cold cracking susceptibility of High Strength Low Alloy Steel (HSLA) 950A using Gas Metal Arc Welding process (GMAW). The cold cracking is a general problem while welding HSLA steels. It thus becomes mandatory to have a novel method of welding to minimize the effects of cold cracking. The cold cracking tendency of the material is determined using the Y groove Tekken test and the test is carried out with DIN EN ISO 17642–2 standard. The welding of the base metal has been carried out using the low hydrogen electrode ER 70SD2. The test procedure is followed under self-restraint condition for determining cold cracking susceptibility of weld metal. Micro structural constituent of the weld metal plays an important role in determining the cold crack susceptibility of the weld metal. Hence an attempt has been made to impart the microstructure having high resistance to cold cracking. It has been observed that Acicular ferrite microstructure in the weld metal increases the cold cracking resistance of the welded joint. In the present study, the effect of preheating temperature on cold crack susceptibility analyzed by varying the preheating temperature 100ºC, 150ºC and acicular ferrite microstructure observed in the microstructure analysis of the welded specimen. The effect of microstructure on cold cracking has also been established. But due to very limited range of temperature, the effect of preheating temperature on cold crack susceptibility was inconclusive. But the formation of acicular ferrite microstructure will have greater influence on cold crack susceptibility. In future, effects of Nickel, Manganese and other alloying elements of the filler material in increasing cold cracking resistance can also be studied for far reaching prospects of the research.
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32

Munro, Cameron, Allison E. Nolting, Xin Jin Cao, and Priti Wanjara. "Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of HSLA-65 Steel Plate: Microstructural and Mechanical Property Evaluation of Butt Welds." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2992–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2992.

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High strength low alloy (HSLA) steel, namely HSLA-65, has shown promise as a replacement for more common high strength shipbuilding steels. However, conventional high heat input welding processes can cause significant distortion, often requiring expensive post-weld reworking. Butt welds in HSLA-65 steel were fabricated using a hybrid fibre laser-gas metal arc welding (GMAW) procedure to investigate the efficacy of distortion mitigation via low heat input joining. Heat input from the laser and arc sources were roughly equal at ~5.2 kW each, and plates were welded in either the laser-leading or arc-leading configuration. In either case, butt welds in ~9 mm thick plates could be made in a single pass at a total heat input of ~0.4 kJ/mm. Welding induced distortion was minimal. Analysis of the microstructure and microhardness of the welds is provided, along with some preliminary results of mechanical and impact testing.
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33

Shi, Jie, Wen Quan Cao, and Han Dong. "Ultrafine Grained High Strength Low Alloy Steel with High Strength and High Ductility." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.238.

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In this study a C-Mn High Strength Low Alloy steel (HSLAs) was processed by quenching and austenite reverted transformation during annealing (ART-annealing), which results in an ultrafine grained duplex microstructure characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron back scattered diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and x-rays diffraction (SEM/EBSD, TEM and XRD). Microstructural observation revealed that the full hard martensitic microstucture gradually transformed into ultrafine grained duplex structure with austenite volume fraction up to 30% at specific annealing conditions. Mechanical properties of this processed steel measured by uniaxial tensile testing demonstrated that an excellent combination of strength (Rm~1GPa) and total elongation (A5~40%) at 30% metastable austenite condition in studied C-Mn-HSLAs. This substantially improved strength and ductility were attributed to the strain induced phase transformation of retained austenite dispersed throughout the ultrafine grained microstructure. At last it is proposed that ART-annealing is a promising way to produce high strength and high ductility steel products.
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34

Jiang, Hao-Jie, Hong-Liang Dai, Kai Zhu, and Yi-Ming Fu. "Thermoelastoplastic Behavior of a HSLA Steel Plate Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 03 (March 8, 2015): 1450056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500564.

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The thermoelastoplastic behavior of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel plate subjected to low-velocity impact is investigated in this paper. A yield criterion related to the spherical tensor of stress is proposed to describe the mixed hardening of the orthotropic material. Based on the classical nonlinear thin plate theory, the incremental nonlinear motion equations are obtained, and are solved by the combination of finite difference method and Newmark method with iterations. To explain the contact process, a thermoelastoplastic contact criterion is developed, of which the validity has been proved. Numerical results show that the radius of the impactor, initial impact velocity, environment temperature, and the thickness of the HSLA steel plate all have great influences on the thermoelastoplastic behavior of the HSLA steel plate subjected to low-velocity impact.
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35

Zhang, Jiarong, Xinjie Di, Chengning Li, Xipeng Zhao, Lingzhi Ba, and Xin Jiang. "Additive manufacturing of Inconel625-HSLA Steel functionally graded material by wire arc additive manufacturing." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 5 (2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021063.

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Functional graded materials (FGMs) have been widely applied in many engineering fields, and are very potential to be the substitutions of dissimilar metal welding joints due to their overall performance. In this work, the Inconel625-high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) Steel FGM was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The chemical composition distribution, microstructure, phase evolution and mechanical properties of the FGM were examined. With the increasing of HSLA Steel, the chemical composition appeared graded distribution, and the primary dendrite spacing was largest in graded region with 20%HSLA Steel and then gradually decreased. And the main microstructure of the FGM transformed from columnar dendrites to equiaxed dendrites. Laves phase precipitated along dendrites boundary when the content of HSLA Steel was lower than 70% and Nb-rich carbides precipitated when the content of HSLA Steel exceeded to 70%. Microhardness and tensile strength gradually decreased with ascending content of HSLA Steel, and had a drastic improvement (159HV to 228HV and 355Mpa to 733Mpa) when proportion of HSLA Steel increased from 70% to 80%.
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36

Meuser, H., F. Grimpe, S. Meimeth, C. J. Heckmann, and C. Träger. "Development of NbTiB Microalloyed HSLA Steels for High-Strength Heavy Plate." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.565.

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This paper deals with the development of low carbon NbTiB micro-alloyed high strength low alloy steel for heavy plates with high wall thickness. In the production of heavy plate it is remarkably difficult to achieve a combination of high strength and good low-temperature toughness. Bainitic microstructures have shown the capability to attain such requirements. To achieve a bainitic microstructure even for heavy wall products the formation of bainite can be promoted and supported by the use of small amounts of boron as a micro-alloying element. This industrial research project is based on the addition of small amounts of boron to promote the desired bainitic structure. Mill rolling trials were carried out to determine the optimum process parameters. The results of experimental mill rolling trials on 35 mm plates will be presented in this paper.
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37

Jindal, Sandeep, Rahul Chhibber, and N. P. Mehta. "Effect of Flux Constituents and Basicity Index on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of Submerged Arc Welded High Strength Low Alloy Steel." Materials Science Forum 738-739 (January 2013): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.738-739.242.

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The application of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels has been limited by unavailability of suitable joining and filler metals in submerged arc welding (SAW) processes. The present work aims at the design and development of flux for Submerged Arc Welding of HSLA steel. In the work L8 array of Taguchi Design is used to formulate eight types of fluxes to vary basicity index (BI) from 1.26 to 2.81 and to study the effect of flux constituents and basicity index on tensile strength, microhardness and microstructure of the weld metal. Empirical models for ultimate tensile strength and microhardness at the centre of weld versus flux constituents and basicity index have been developed. From the experiments it is found that ultimate tensile strength increase with increase of basicity index with minimum at 1.26 increases upto 2.33 and then further decreases whereas opposite in case of microhardness which is highest at 1.26 and minimum at 1.9. Increase of CaO in the flux increases ultimate tensile strength but microhardness remains unaffected whereas increase of SiO2 decreases ultimate tensile strength but microhardness remains constant. Microhardness decreases critically with increase of CaF2.
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38

Yilbas, B. S., Ihsan-ul-Haq Toor, Jahanzaib Malik, and F. Patel. "Laser treatment of high strength low alloy steel and electrochemical response of the surface." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2013-0125.

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Purpose – The purpose of the present study is to report the results of the laser treatment of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel surface and corrosion response of the treated surface that was carried out. Metallurgical and morphological changes in the laser-treated layer are also examined. Laser treatment of the alloy surface improves the surface properties; however, development of high thermal stress field in the treated layer can exceed the yielding limit of the alloy lowers, particularly, the corrosion resistance of the resulting surface. Design/methodology/approach – Pre-prepared workpiece surfaces are laser-treated and electrochemically tested in an electrolytic solution. Corrosion rate of the resulting surface is analyzed and pit sites are examined. Findings – It is found that the presence of nitride compounds and fine grains acts like as a self-protective layer at the laser-treated surface while lowering the corrosion resistance. Consequently, laser gas-assisted treatment provides a positive effect on the corrosion properties of the treated surface through lowering the corrosion current. The pits are shallow and do not form a regular pattern at the workpiece surface. The secondary pitting is prevented by the protective layer formed at the laser-treated surface. Research limitations/implications – The study can be extended to include laser treatment including the hard particles, such as carbides, at the surface. However, this extension is left to another study. Practical implications – Laser treatment can be used for protection of surfaces from wear and corrosive environments. The findings of this study give insight into the improvement of the surface characteristics for this purpose. It serves to industry for the practical solution of the surface protection from corrosive environments. Social implications – The researchers and scientists working in the area get the benefit from the outcome of this work. Originality/value – It is an original work and gives insight into the enhancement of the corrosion resistance of HSLA steel after the laser treatment process.
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39

Ramachandran, K. K., N. Murugan, and S. Shashi Kumar. "Study on Dissimilar Butt Joining of Aluminum Alloy, AA5052 and High Strength Low Alloy Steel through a Modified FSW Process." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.278.

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In the preset investigation, aluminum alloy, AA5052 and HSLA steel are successfully butt welded using a modified FSW process wherein the work pieces submerged in a liquid medium are stirred by the FSW tool. The trials are conducted by varying the tool rotational speed from 400 rpm to 900 rpm while keeping the other parameters constant. The welded joints are tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the joint interface microstructure is analyzed using SEM and EDS. The results show that when compared to the normal FSW process, the peak value of UTS is marginally low but the range of tool rotational speed that could produce defect free joints with good joint strength is almost doubled in the modified FSW process.
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40

Oliveira, Bárbara Ferreira de, Michel Picanço Oliveira, Luis Augusto Hernandez Terrones, Márcia Giardinieri de Azevedo, and Leonardo Barbosa Godefroid. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and annealed high strength low alloy steel." Journal of Materials Science Research 8, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n4p1.

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This paper presents a study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a microalloyed HSLA steel solidified by continuous casting process and annealed at 1100 °C for 1 hour. The techniques of confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness, tensile and Charpy mechanical tests were used. The results of this research showed that the microstructure of the sample in the as-received condition was mainly composed of acicular ferrite and aggregates of ferrite and carbides. Non-metallic inclusion characterization of as-cast steel showed that calcium content was not enough to modify the morphology of some aluminates. After thermal treatment, the initial microstructure was transformed into polygonal ferrite and pearlite. In both conditions, different types of precipitates were found, which were classified according to their distribution in the microstructure. The steel with solidification structure showed a higher tensile strength, but its application would be unlikely in components that require good impact strength.
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41

Petrov, Roumen H., Jurij J. Sidor, and Leo Kestens. "Texture Formation in High Strength Low Alloy Steel Reheated with Ultrafast Heating Rates." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.798.

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Texture formation during annealing of a 95% cold rolled HSLA steel with 10°C/s and ~3000°C/s was studied with the purpose to investigate the interaction between the recrystallization and the austenite formation as well as the possibility of grain refinement. The recrystallization and austenite formation were monitored by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). It was found that at extreme reheating rates of 1000°C/s and higher, the α-γ phase transformation starts before the completion of recrystallization and the deformation texture is partially retained in the samples after annealing. The crystallographic texture observed in the martensitic phase which is the product of intercritical austenite transformation in as-quenched samples, i.e. after the double α-γ-α’ transformation, is the same as the initial cold rolling texture, which is an indication for the texture memory effect. After ultra fast reheating with average reheating rates of 1000°C/s and higher a significant grain refinement was observed with an average ferrite grain size of ~1µm. The obtained final ferrite grain size depends significantly on both the reheating temperature and the reheating rate.
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42

Christein, J. P., and J. L. Warren. "Implementation of HSLA-100 Steel in Aircraft Carrier Construction—CVN 74." Journal of Ship Production 11, no. 02 (May 1, 1995): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1995.11.2.97.

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High strength low alloy (HSLA)-100 steel was developed to be less sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement than high yield (HY)-100 steel. The primary benefits sought through the use of this new steel were savings in energy, labor, and scheduling that would result from reduced preheat for welding. This paper reviews the overall efforts required to implement the use of HSLA-100 steel during CVN 74 aircraft carrier construction. It discusses the engineering and design effort required to incorporate a new material on a vessel midway through construction. Also included is a discussion of the development of an implementation plan which ensures successful welding procedure qualification, production welding, and inspection of HSLA-100 welds. Results confirm that HSLA-100 steel can be successfully substituted for HV-100 steel in a shipyard environment, and that significant benefits can be realized from reduced welding preheat. Also, key elements of future applications of HSLA-100 are presented.
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43

Garza-Montes-de-Oca, Nelson F., Arnulfo Treviño-Cubero, Javier H. Ramírez-Ramírez, Francisco A. Pérez-González, Rafael D. Mercado-Solís, and Rafael Colás. "On the spallation of oxide scales in high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) hot-rolled steels." Corrosion Reviews 38, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0070.

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AbstractIn this work, results on the causes that could promote the abnormal spallation of the oxides formed on the surface of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels are presented. By means of Rietveld refining of X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy analyses and calculations, it was found that the value of the thermal stress experienced by the oxide scale reached a maximum when the oxide scale was comprised by 65% wt magnetite Fe3O4 and 24% wt wustite FeO this, due to the incomplete transformation of the latter phase to Fe3O4 and α-Fe from cooling from 670 °C to ambient temperature. Contrarily, it was found that when a balance in the amount of Fe3O4 and FeO was 46.4 and 46.5%wt respectively, the calculated thermal stress was reduced, and oxide spallation was not that severe. The reasons for oxide scale detachment from the surface of the steels are explained in terms of the adhesion energy of the bulk oxide scale, the amount of magnetite Fe3O4 present in the oxides and the chemical composition of the steel particularly the elements chromium and titanium.
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44

Timokhina, I. B., P. D. Hodgson, S. P. Ringer, R. K. Zheng, and E. V. Pereloma. "Precipitate characterisation of an advanced high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel using atom probe tomography." Scripta Materialia 56, no. 7 (April 2007): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.12.018.

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45

Wang, Xu, Kaiping Du, Qiongyu Zhou, Ping Ou, Derong Zhang, Wubin Yang, and Yueguang Yu. "Laser melting deposition of duplex stainless-steel coating on high strength low alloy pipeline steels for improving wear and corrosion resistance." Materials Express 9, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1593.

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In this paper, a duplex stainless steels coating was successfully prepared on high strength low alloy (HSLA) pipeline steels by laser melting deposition. The microstructure and phase identification of the obtained coating were identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tribological behavior and corrosion behavior were investigated by high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester, polarization test, Eocp–t curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that the obtained coating is bonded metallurgically with the substrate and comprises α, γ, M2B and (Fe, Cr)23C6 phase. In addition, the obtained coating shows nearly 22.5% improvement in wear resistance over the substrate and much better corrosion resistance due to its nobler open circuit potential (Eocp), corrosion current density (i corr) and bigger impedance value than the substrate, confirming that the laser melting deposited duplex stainless steels coating can be a promising candidate for the protective coating of HSLA pipeline steels.
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46

Chen, Yan Tang, Kai Guang Zhang, and Ji Hao Cheng. "Microstructure Evolution of a HSLA Offshore Steel with Cooling Rates." Advanced Materials Research 583 (October 2012): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.583.306.

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The high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels have been extensively used in offshore engineering. The appropriate microstructure of the HSLA structural steels was designedly controlled in steel making for offshore construction. The different microstructures of the steel were formed when shifted the cooling rate after final rolling. Experiment results shown that ferrite and pearlite were observed in the HSLA steel with a cooling rate less than 0.2°C/s. Bainite was formed when the cooling rate ranged from 1.0°C/s to 5.0°C/s and martensite was seen in the steel plate with a cooling rate more than 30°C/s. Generally the martensite is a prohibited product in the offshore structural steels.
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47

Kaščák, Ľuboš, and Emil Spišák. "Effect of Welding Parameters on the Quality of Spot Welds Combining AHSS Steel and HSLA Steel." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.162.

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The resistance spot welding of dissimilar materials is generally more challenging than that of similar materials due to differences in the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the base metals. Advanced high strength steels and high strength low alloy steels are utilized in automotive industry to reduce weight of the vehicle body and consequently lowering the fuel consumption to achieve the lowest possible fuel consumption, high active and passive safety of passengers while decreasing the amount of emission. The influence of the primary welding parameters, especially welding current, microhardness and tensile shear load bearing capacity of dissimilar welds between TRIP 40/70 as an Advanced High Strength Steel and H220PD as a High-Strength Low-Alloy steel has been investigated in this paper.
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48

KANG, JU SEOK, and CHAN GYUNG PARK. "CHARACTERIZATION OF BAINITIC MICROSTRUCUTRES IN LOW CARBON HSLA STEELS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 5965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051443.

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The austenite phase of low carbon steels can be transformed to various bainitic microstructures such as granular bainite, acicular ferrite and bainitic ferrite during continuous cooling process. In the present study site-specific transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimens were prepared by using focused ion beam (FIB) to identify the bainitic microstructure in low carbon high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels clearly. Granular bainite was composed of fine subgrains and 2nd phase constituents like M/A or pearlite located at grain and/or subgrain boundaries. Acicular ferrite was identified as an aggregate of randomly orientated needle-shaped grains. The high angle relations among acicular ferrite grains were thought to be caused by intra-granular nucleation, which could be occur under the high cooling rate condition. Bainitic ferrite revealed uniform and parallel lath structure within the packet. In some case, however, the parallel lathes showed high angle relations due to packet overlapping during grow of bainitic ferrite, resulting in high toughness properties in bainitic ferrite based steels.
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49

Bulatović, Srđan, Vujadin Aleksić, Ljubica Milović, and Bojana Zečević. "AN ANALYSIS OF IMPACT TESTING OF HIGH STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY STEELS USED IN SHIP CONSTRUCTION." Brodogradnja 72, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod72301.

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Brittle damages have been examined widely since welding became common practice when it comes to carrying out robust structures. Welded structure of the ship hull has to be continuous. Brittle damages that occur on hull structures have always been examined thoroughly. Cracks are most commonly initiated at locations where stress concentrators exist. These concentrators can originate due to flaws that occur during the design phase or due to mistakes that occur during the assembly of the structure. When it comes to failures and damages that occur at ship structures, it has been noticed that damages due to brittleness practically always happen at low temperatures. Impact test analysis is significant due to the fact that it replicates the ductile to brittle transition of steel in practically identical range of temperatures for all ship structures. Impact of ductile-brittle transition temperature is an important factor especially because there have been many ship failures and damages in history. In ship structures made of welded joints of high strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels with their segments (parent metal, weld metal and heat-affected-zone), the toughness test determines the tendency of steel to brittle fracture, respectively the tendency to increase brittleness during exploitation. Parameters obtained by testing the properties of plasticity are the fundamental for the composition of ship structures with the aim of realize strengths under tested load. The test results of high strength low-alloy steel toughness assessment at different test temperatures show that temperature significantly affects the impact toughness of steels and their alloys.
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50

Chen, Yan Tang, and Kai Guang Zhang. "Corrosion Resistant Performance of TMCP HSLA Steel for Oil Ship." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.435.

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Thermal-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) has been used to develop new high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels with excellent corrosion resistant property for oil ship construction. Experiment results shown that the microstructure of the steel, which consisted of only ferrite including bainite ferrite, exhibited expected corrosion resistant performance. Higher Mo content led to better corrosion resistance.
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