Academic literature on the topic 'HT12e encoder'

Remote operated spy robot vehicle can be controlled by using a wireless remote controller. It can capture audio and video information from the surroundings and can be sent to a remote station through RF signals. The maximum range is 125meters. It overcomes the limited range of infrared remote controllers. HT12e encoder, HT12d decoder, RF433MHz transmitter and receiver modules are used for the spy robot and the remote control. H Bridge circuits are used to drive two 12V motors. By pressing any key in remote controller, the HT12e encoder generates 8 address bit and 4 data bit. The RF module transmitter sent them and RF module receiver receives. And then HT12d decoder decodes the data and generates the output signals to control the L293D motor driver which then rotates the motors and wheels of spy robot vehicle. In this research, DC power supply is taken from the battery placed on the robot. The camera is placed on spy robot. Its audio and video output signals are directly sends from a SIM router. These information are received and caught to a phone, PC or TV in the remote station through internet. Khine Myint Mon | Lei Lei Hnin | Aye Sandar Aung | Ye Mann Aung "Remote Operated Spy Robot Vehicle" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26801.pdf

With advanced technology, people try to avail wireless technologies in different roles. In this paper, the RF modules are implemented as modernized wireless system to overcome the use of wire. RF transmitter and RF receiver are main devices of the system. And then LED, transformer, relay, and push buttons are used as supporting components of the system. HT12E and HT12D are mainly used for decoding and encoding the data. The HT12E encoder IC converts the 4 bit data from the 4 data pins that are connected to buttons into serial data. This serial data is sent to RF transmitter. The RF transmitter transmits this serial data using signals. At the receiver side, the RF receiver receives the serial data. This serial data is sent to HT12D decoder IC which converts into 4 bit parallel data. The 4 data pins of decoder are connected to LEDs. According to the button pushed, the LEDs can be turned ON and OFF meaning that the specific task or function can be carried out by mean of remote predefined key. In today's world, there is a continuous need for wireless control using with transmitter and receiver in standard and modern living. Dr. Thida Aung "Wireless Remote using RF Module" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26780.pdf

This research develops a remote switch notification system by utilizing radio waves. This system will usethe RF433 module and RF315 module as the transmission medium, the HT12E module as the encoderand the HT12D module as the decoder. The working principle of the system is that the sending partsends a signal when the voltage is applied via a push button, then the switch is sent to the part of theroom and activate the relay. Then in the relay there is also an encoder that will recode the data on therelay that the relay is active and resend the data to false senders so that the LED as notification will turnon. Based on the test results it is known that the remote switch notification system that has beendesigned is able to turn on and turn off the relay and also be able to transmit the notification properly.

Remote control switching system is used to control the switching of the electrical and electronic appliances from a distance. This remote serves to facilitate the use of the switching of electrical, and electronic appliances for people with disabilities, and the elderly. This paper develops a remote control system using radio frequency technology utilizing the principle of wireless system. The remote control system is constructed by RF433 module as the transmitter, and receiver, IC HT12E module as the encoder, and IC HT12D module as the decoder. To achieve the aim of this research: a transmitter system is designed to transmit a signal when the keypad is pressed; a receiver system is designed to receive the signal from the transmitter system, then the system will turn on and turn off the loads. Based on experimental results, this design system is capable to turn on and turn off the loads with a transmission distance up to 18 meters, without obstruction, and 15 meters with obstruction.

Sistemas de automação residencial que se utilizam de tecnologias modernas, normalmente possuem um valor de mercado elevado. Tais sistemas, agregam também uma alta complexidade de implementação, sem levar em conta que muitas das vezes, necessita de alguma arquitetura previamente existente (por exemplo uma rede Wi-Fi). Sendo assim, praticamente tais sistemas ficam restritos ao público consumidor de maior poder aquisitivo. O principal objetivo deste projeto, consiste em reduzir os encargos de produção e como consequência o custo dos sistemas de automação residencial, para que pessoas de baixa renda, possam usufruir de tal tecnologia. A utilização de transmissores e receptores de rádio frequência para o acionamento de comandos ao invés de tecnologias modernas de transmissão, como redes Wi-Fi, traz a redução dos encargos de produção e maior facilidade de implantação pois, não existe a necessidade de associar sistemas de tecnologia mais complexas ao sistema de automação. Para realizar a comunicação entre os dispositivos a serem automatizados serão utilizados componentes como o HT12E e HT12D (Encoder e Decoder para RF) juntamente com as chaves de acionamento e luzes sinalizadoras no controle remoto para execução de comandos em qualquer lugar da casa. Os resultados obtidos atenderam a proposta do projeto. O custo final ficou em R$ 102,10. Neste valor, está incluso a construção do controle e do atuador, o que possibilitou maior acessibilidade ao sistema pelas classes menos favorecidas. Sendo assim, pode-se dizer que o objetivo do projeto foi alcançado validando o trabalho realizado.

In the course of a lytic infection the Salmonella phage P22 occasionally encapsulates bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA. Thus, phage lysates include two classes of viral particles. Phage particles carrying bacterial DNA are referred to as transducing particles and deliver this DNA to a host as efficiently as particles carrying phage DNA. Once injected, the transduced DNA can either recombine with the recipient chromosome to form a “complete” transductant, or it can establish itself as an expressible, nonreplicating genetic element and form an “abortive” transductant. In this work, we describe a P22-phage mutant with reduced ability to form abortive transductants. The mutation responsible for this phenotype, called tdx-1, was found as one of two mutations contributing to the high-transducing phenotype of the P22-mutant HT12/4. In addition, the tdx-1 mutation is lethal when combined with an erf-am mutation. The tdx-1 mutation has been mapped to a region of the P22 genome that encodes several injected proteins and may involve more than one mutant locus. The phenotypes of the tdx-1 mutation suggest that the Tdx protein(s) normally assist in the circularization of the P22 genome and also contribute to the formation of DNA circles thought to be required for abortive transduction.

ABSTRACT The ability of Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates to adhere to immobilized extracellular matrixes (ECMs) coating the walls of microtiter plates was examined by microscopy. The ECMs consisted of fibronectin, laminin, collagen types I, II, IV, and V, fibrinogen, and lactoferrin. With the exception of fibrinogen, each isolate showed a different level of adherence to each of the ECMs. No significant level of adherence to fibrinogen was observed for any isolate. The tissue-specific adhesive strains AS11, AS12, AS14, AS15, HT11, and HT12, which showed highly efficient adherence to human bladder carcinoma T24 cells and human bladder epithelial cells, showed strong adherence to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type I, II, IV, and V ECMs, and the levels were greater than 104 cells/mm2 of well surface coated by ECM. None of the isolates that showed little adherence to human bladder carcinoma T24 cells showed efficient adherence to all the ECMs. The levels of adherence of gelatinase-producing isolates to the collagens were lower than the levels of adherence of gelatinase-negative isolates. When tissue-specific adhesive strains that adhered strongly to each ECM were preincubated with fibronectin, the adherence of the strains to fibronectin was inhibited, but the adherence of the strains to collagen type IV was not inhibited. Likewise, preincubation with collagen type IV inhibited adherence to collagen type IV but not adherence to fibronectin. All of the E. faecalis isolates were shown to carry the ace gene by PCR analysis performed with specific primers for collagen binding domain A of ace. The ace gene encodes Ace (adhesin of collagen from enterococci). The prtF gene of group A streptococci, which encodes the fibronectin binding protein of group A streptococci, was not detected in the tissue-specific adhesive strains by Southern analysis performed with the prtF probe of the Streptococcus pyogenes JRS4 strain. Mutants with altered collagen binding were isolated by insertion of Tn916 into the chromosome of tissue-specific adhesive strain AS14. The number of mutant adhesive bacterial cells that adhered to collagen and also to laminin was 1 or 2 orders lower than the number observed for the wild-type strain, but the level of adherence to fibronectin remained the same as that of the wild-type strain.

The wireless fluid level indicator comprises a sensing and transmitting circuit for detecting and transmitting the levels of fluids from a container to the receiving circuit which receives and displays the amount of the measured volume. This has been achieved using an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), a firmware (PIC16F648A/PIC16F876A microcontroller programmed in C/assembly languages), an encoder (HT12E) and a radio frequency (RF) transmitter transmitting at a bandwidth of 433MHz to an RF receiver interfaced with a decoder (HT12D), liquid crystal display (LCD) and a Buzzer. The device when tested measured water levels and transmitted same over a distance of up to 98.5 meters in open areas and up to 50 meters in highly obstructed areas. The average response time was also estimated to be 0.1 second. As a contact-less depth detection system, the device finds useful applications in measurement of fluid levels in homes and industries where concentrates, table water, transmission oils are produced, without affecting the chemical or physical properties of such substances-an advantage over the contact methods used in fluid level detection.
 Aims: To design and implement a wireless microcontroller based fluid level display system using ultrasonic sensing method.
 Study Design: By encoding the Transmitter module to sense and detect the amount of water level, while the decoder module decodes the received data and display the result.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, between November 2018 and April 2019.
 Methodology: An RF transceiver, encoder/decoder (HT12E/HT12D), a 2x16 Liquid display module, 4MHz crystal oscillator, a buzzer and other peripherals were interfaced to two 8-bit controllers; PIC16F648A and PIC16F876A. The controllers were programmed in C/Assembly languages to enable effective communication of the system. The system was then calibrated to read and transmit water level values from a 30-centimeter deep tank over a distance of 1.0 - 98.5 meters.
 Results: The system was tested to have maximum sensitivity over a distance of 98.5 meters in non-obstructed areas and 50 meters in obstructed areas. The average response time was also estimated to be 0.5 seconds.
 Conclusion: The design and implementation of a wireless fluid level display system using ultrasonic sensing technique has been successfully done. The system workability is suitable for deployment and usage in domestic and industrial purposes.

This study examines the use of an RF-based remote system to manage domestic electrical appliances. The wireless remote control based on an RF technology can toggle the status of equipment to ON or OFF from any site without necessitating a line of sight anywhere around house. The regulating circuit is developed around a 434 MHz operational frequency RF receiver and transmitter module, along with the HT12E encoder and HT12D decoder integrated circuits and a few other passive components. The four distinct channels at the encoder end are used as switches for input signal, and the four channels at the decoder end are used as outputs points, which is connected to the respective electrical devices that are to be controlled; if the appliances are of a higher rating, the relays are used as an intermediary to connect the equipment to the receiving end of the circuit. The transmission method used in this instance is Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), and the circuit is powered with a 9V DC battery source. The main objective of this task entails creating a closed circuit without any programming knowledge and making it functional without the need for line-of-sight utilizing RF technology. Also, as proposed development to the current working model is stated with a brief description of its functioning, which aims to efficiently control more than four electrical units using the same remote-control technology with the aid of a matrix keypad as input for switching the states of the devices, a matrix encoder & decoder for respective encoding & decoding of signals, and a stable multivibrator for circuit operations.