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1

Newman, Abraham L. Sequencing, Layering, and Feedbacks in Global Regulation. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.38.

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From banking standards to data privacy, regulation has entered the lexicon of international affairs. Unlike trade or currencies, however, there are few formal treaty-based international organizations resolving disputes or setting the rules for the world. Instead, global regulation is frequently shaped by informal networks of regulators or at times by the extraterritorial extension of domestic law by large markets. Drawing on work from historical institutionalism, this chapter argues that the global politics of regulation is in important respects the product of domestic and international instit
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Bantekas, Ilias. Sequencing Peace and Justice in Post-Conflict Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810568.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses the extent to which there is any conflict or harm in the ICC Prosecutor’s involvement in cases undergoing mediation by the international community, most of which are currently in Africa. The ICC Prosecutor’s discretion, as per the Court’s Statute, to hold a prosecution in abeyance in anticipation of the outcomes of mediating efforts which aim at ending a conflict is at best ambivalent. Recent practice suggests that stakeholders engaged in ending long-running African conflicts prefer the Prosecutor to decline to exercise jurisdiction in order to encourage the parties to r
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3

Sadleir, Lynette G., Jozef Gecz, and Ingrid E. Scheffer. Epilepsies That Occur Predominantly in Girls. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0041.

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Availability of DNA sequencing has led to an increase in the number of children being identified with mutations in specific genes in specific epilepsy phenotypes. The presence of mutations that cause epilepsy only in females is one of the discoveries revealed in the sequencing era. Mutations in PCDH19 and CDKL5 are distinctive and identifiable forms of female-only epilepsy, and clinicians should consider PCDH19 in normal girls presenting with clusters of afebrile or febrile seizures in the first 3 years of life, and CDKL5 in girls or boys presenting with severe developmental delay within the f
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4

Walsh, Richard A. Siblings with Instability. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0015.

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Over the past 5 years, there has been a shift in the approach to searching for a genetic diagnosis in familial ataxic syndromes. Whereas in the past, a limited but expensive search through a selection of commercially available genes using Sanger sequencing was performed, there is now widespread availability of gene panels utilizing next-generation sequencing techniques. This is an efficient and powerful approach that may achieve a diagnosis in more than 30% of patients with a familial ataxia that remain undiagnosed. However, accurate phenotyping remains critical to allow interpretation of sequ
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5

Purcell, Shaun M. Genetic Methodologies and Applications. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0001.

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Mental illness is highly heritable, yet it has been difficult historically to identify the specific genes that comprise that risk. This difficulty resides in the fact that the genetic risk for all common mental disorders is polygenic, with perhaps hundreds of genetic variations, each of small effect, contributing to the overall risk. Despite these challenges, the field has made dramatic advances over the past decade in beginning to understand the genetic basis of mental illness. This chapter provides an overview of the experimental approaches used, beginning with epidemiology and population ge
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6

Maher, Christopher J., and Elaine R. Mardis. Genomic Landscape of Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0004.

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The study of cancer genomics has advanced rapidly during the last decade due to the development of next generation or massively parallel technology for DNA sequencing. The resulting knowledge is transforming the understanding of both inherited (germline) genetic susceptibility and the somatic changes in tumor tissue that drive abnormal growth and progression. The somatic alterations in tumor tissue vary depending on the type of cancer and its characteristic “genomic landscape.” New technologies have increased the speed and lowered the cost of DNA sequencing and have enabled high-volume charact
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7

Munro, Carol A., and Duncan Wilson. Fungal genomics and transcriptomics. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0006.

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The advent of whole-genome sequencing has resulted in a range of platforms for large-scale analysis of the DNA (genomics), RNA (transcriptomics), protein (proteomics), and metabolite (metabolomics) content of cells. These inclusive ‘omics’ approaches have allowed for unparalleled insights into fungal biology. In this chapter we will discuss how genomics and transcriptomics have been used to broaden our understanding of the biology of human pathogenic fungi and their interactions with their hosts.
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8

Ingles, Jodie, Charlotte Burns, and Laura Yeates. Genetic counselling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0145.

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Cardiac genetic counselling is an emerging but important subspecialty. The qualifications of cardiac genetic counsellors depend on the country of practice, but at a minimum they are Master’s-level trained health professionals with expertise in genetics, and are integral members of the multidisciplinary inherited cardiovascular disease clinic. Though the framework is diverse in different countries, key roles include investigation and confirmation of family history details, discussion of inheritance risks and facilitation of cardiac genetic testing, communication with at-risk relatives, and incr
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9

Kirchman, David L. Genomes and meta-omics for microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0005.

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The sequencing of entire genomes of microbes grown in pure cultures is now routine. The sequence data from cultivated microbes have provided insights into these microbes and their uncultivated relatives. Sequencing studies have found that bacterial genomes range from 0.18 Mb (intracellular symbiont) to 13 Mb (a soil bacterium), whereas genomes of eukaryotes are much bigger. Genomes from eukaryotes and prokaryotes are organized quite differently. While bacteria and their small genomes often grow faster than eukaryotes, there is no correlation between genome size and growth rates among the bacte
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10

Halliday, Catriona L., and Sarah E. Kidd. Cryptococcus species. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0012.

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Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the principal pathogenic species within the genus Cryptococcus and the causative agents of cryptococcosis. Although rare, the incidence of infection due to other Cryptococcus species previously regarded as saprophytes, has increased over the last 40 years. Irrespective of the infecting species, infections are acquired following inhalation from the environment, causing localised or disseminated disease. The severity of disease is dependent on the organism’s virulence factors and the host’s immune response, and the clinical manifestations are i
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11

Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger, and Eric Coissac. Environmental DNA. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.001.0001.

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Environmental DNA (eDNA), i.e. DNA released in the environment by any living form, represents a formidable opportunity to gather high-throughput and standard information on the distribution or feeding habits of species. It has therefore great potential for applications in ecology and biodiversity management. However, this research field is fast-moving, involves different areas of expertise and currently lacks standard approaches, which calls for an up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis. Environmental DNA for biodiversity research and monitoring covers current methods based on eDNA, with a par
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12

Archibald, John. Genomics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198786207.001.0001.

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Genomics has transformed the biological sciences. From epidemiology and medicine to evolution and forensics, the ability to determine an organism’s complete genetic makeup has changed the way science is done and the questions that can be asked of it. Genomics: A Very Short Introduction explores the science of genomics and its rapidly expanding toolbox. Sequencing a human genome can now take only a few days and those of simple bacteria and viruses, a matter of hours. The resulting sequences can be used to better understand our biology in health and disease and to ‘personalize’ medicine. This VS
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13

Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Endocrinology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0007.

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The medical term ‘hormone’ was only introduced in 1905 to describe the chemical secretion from an endocrine gland. Since then, there has been tremendous progress in the field of endocrinology, as a result of advances in biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and molecular biology. Recently, advances in molecular biology, particularly sequencing of the human genome, have led to the unravelling of hormone receptor-post-receptor mechanisms. These discoveries have uncovered novel therapeutic targets for endocrine disease. This chapter covers recent clinical trials, in order to show the impact of some
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14

Julier, Alice P. Potlucks. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037634.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the social significance of potlucks. In the United States, the word potluck has come to mean a particular category of commensal events, where each participant brings a “dish to pass” to create a communal meal. As a social social event, the potluck represents a shift in both the form of the meal and the normative expectations of hospitality, away from formality and temporal sequencing. Because both emotional and material labor is shared at potlucks, people potentially construct different situated identities through these events than they might if orienting their social liv
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15

Bliss, Catherine. A Sociogenomic World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465285.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses a paradigm shift in the genomic sciences wherein scientists have gone from ignoring race to studying it. It argues that the field has adopted a sociogenomic approach to race, in which scientists understand race as a muddled mix of genetic and social factors. Scientists responsible for seminal genome projects, who have faced pressure from the US public health establishment and an array of experts on race, now prioritize race-targeted research, minority recruitment, and analysis of genomic health disparities. As a result large-scale sequencing projects, pharmaceuticals, an
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16

Riley, Peter. The role of the microbiology laboratory in antimicrobial stewardship. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0010.

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Microbiology laboratories play an important role in antimicrobial stewardship at the level of individual patients and the population as a whole. When empiric therapy has been started, rapid results can lead to earlier targeted treatment. Accumulated results of susceptibility tests can be analysed and used to generate local or national guidelines on empiric treatment and prophylaxis. Several methods can be used to determine microbial identity and antimicrobial susceptibility, including traditional culture-based methods and newer molecular methods such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionizat
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17

Ayala, Francisco J., and Camilo J. Cela-Conde. Neanderthals and modern humans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739906.003.0011.

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This chapter deals with the similarities and differences between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens, by considering genetic, brain, and cognitive evidence. The genetic differentiation emerges from fossil genetic evidence obtained first from mtDNA and later from nuclear DNA. With high throughput whole genome sequencing, sequences have been obtained from the Denisova Cave (Siberia) fossils. Nuclear DNA of a third species (“Denisovans”) has been obtained from the same cave and used to define the phylogenetic relationships among the three species during the Upper Palaeolithic. Archaeological c
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18

Kotzer, Katrina E., and Sarah E. Kerr. Molecular Technologies and Test Issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604929.003.0005.

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Molecular genetic testing has been around since the discovery and offering of clinical testing for the first gene sequenced. However, in recent years the methods and scope of molecular genetic testing have evolved significantly to encompass next-generation sequencing, multigene panels, and whole exome and genome testing. With this evolution in molecular methods, the nomenclature and variant evaluation and annotation processes are crucial for the systematic and standard interpretation of molecular test results. This chapter will provide the laboratory genetic counselor with information about th
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19

Lurie, Peter. Queer Historiography in The Bridge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199797318.003.0005.

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This chapter culminates my earlier discussion of several works’ regretful looks back on U.S. history with Hart Crane’s plaintive lament over the country’s signal historical events, tempered by his hopefulness for the republic’s future. It uses sexuality theory to argue against a teleological, progressive sequencing—both in my study’s rhetorical structure and in ways of tracing history’s unfolding. It suggests the importance of textual erotics of painful empathy in the reader’s encounter with an indigenous past in its early sections, before turning to in The Bridge’s critique of U.S. aerial his
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20

Barker, Richard. The accelerating pace of biomedical advance. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737780.003.0002.

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Bioscience has progressed exponentially, in scientific advances and enabling technology. From quicker and much cheaper gene sequencing to the emergence of data-mining tools, the last 20 years has been unprecedented in exploitable advances brought by research. We have the tools and insights to trace disease from underlying genetics and epigenetics, through proteins that represent intervention options, to ways to create molecules, diagnostics, and devices based on those insights. The life sciences enterprise, once largely confined to Europe, the USA, and Japan, is now seeing major investment fro
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21

LaGrave, Danielle, Patricia L. Devers Winters, and Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian. Prenatal Screening Technologies and Test Issues. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604929.003.0007.

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Maternal serum screening began with the measurement of serum alpha fetal protein to detect open neural tube defects, which led to the implementation of routine serum-based prenatal screening in the second trimester for Down syndrome. Advances via combined and integrated screening allowed for the first-trimester detection of both Down syndrome and trisomy 18. Next-generation sequencing has enabled the identification of aneuploidies in circulating cell-free fetal DNA from the plasma fraction of maternal whole blood. This breakthrough in molecular genetic testing, commonly referred to as noninvas
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22

Leslie, Vinjamuri. Part I Context, Challenges, and Constraints, 2 The ICC and the Politics of Peace and Justice. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705161.003.0002.

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The indictment of sitting heads of state and rebel leaders during active armed conflict has radically altered the debate surrounding international justice. Despite the view now widely held that peace and justice are complementary rather than competing values, conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, Sudan, Libya, and Syria have brought home the reality that there are still significant barriers to achieving both peace and justice simultaneously, and that the prospects for enforcing justice are weak when perpetrators of atrocities remain powerful at home. Leading advocacy organizations and the ICC st
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23

de Koning, Tom J. Serine Deficiency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0023.

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Serine deficiency is a rare cause of intractable seizures and severe psychomotor retardation in infants and young children. However, in recent years it has become clear that serine deficiency in adolescents and adults can give rise to milder forms of seizure disorders and mild mental retardation or to a phenotype with severe progressive polyneuropathy. Serine deficiency can be diagnosed on the basis of low values of serine in plasma and CSF using routine amino acid analysis. However, with the introduction of next generation sequencing in clinical diagnostics the majority of patients are diagno
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Winchester, Robert, Darren D. O’Rielly, and Proton Rahman. Genetics of psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0006.

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The psoriatic phenotype is clinically heterogeneous with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) itself being heterogeneous. Studies have consistently demonstrated that PsA has a strong genetic component and disease pathogenesis encompasses a complex interplay between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. In this chapter, we will review the genetics of PsA including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and non-MHC loci. We will detail how susceptibility genes can be grouped into barrier integrity, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response (particularly Th-17 lymphocyte s
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25

Buxbaum, Joseph D. An Overview of the Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199744312.003.0004.

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There is very good evidence for a strong genetic component to the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which include autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, and Rett syndrome. At the same time, identifying the loci contributing to ASD risk has proven difficult because of extreme heterogeneity. However, in spite of these difficulties, many ASD loci have been identified and, even using current clinical measures, an etiological diagnosis can be given in upward of 20% of cases. With the introduction of “second-generation” sequencing, gene discov
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Bentham, James R. The genetics of congenital heart disease. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0022.

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Congenital heart disease (CHD) is defined as a structural cardiac malformation resulting from an abnormality of development; 8% of CHD is inherited in a Mendelian fashion and 12% results from chromosomal imbalance. Recurrence risk and new research suggest that even the remaining 80% of patients without an identifiable familial or syndromic basis for disease may have an identifiable genetic cause. The potential to understand these mechanisms is increasing with the advent of new sequencing techniques which have identified multiple or single rare variants and/or copy number variants clustering in
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27

Chaudhry, Bill, José Luis de la Pompa, and Nadia Mercader. The zebrafish as a model for cardiac development and regeneration. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0029.

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The zebrafish has become an established laboratory model for developmental studies and is increasingly used to model aspects of human development and disease. However, reviewers and grant funding bodies continue to speculate on the utility of this Himalayan minnow. In this chapter we explain the similarities and differences between the heart from this distantly related vertebrate and the mammalian heart, in order to reveal the common fundamental processes and to prevent misleading extrapolations. We provide an overview of zebrafish including their husbandry, development, peculiarities of their
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Jalloh, Charles Chernor, and Ilias Bantekas. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810568.003.0016.

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Africa has been at the forefront of contemporary global efforts towards ensuring greater accountability for international crimes. This work analyses the relationship and tensions between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and Africa. It traces the origins of the confrontation between African governments, acting individually or within the framework of the African Union, and the permanent Hague-based ICC. Topics examined include Africa, the ICC, and universal jurisdiction; the controversial use of the Prosecutor’s proprio motu power to initiate investigations in Africa; national implementati
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29

Renner, Tanya, Tianying Lan, Kimberly M. Farr, et al. Carnivorous plant genomes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0011.

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Carnivorous plant genome research has focused on members of the Lamiales and Oxalidales; the most complete sequences are for Utricularia gibba and Cephalotus follicularis. The size-limited U. gibba genome highlights the importance of small-scale tandem duplications, which likely play roles in this species’ carnivorous adaptation. Sequencing of the C. follicularis genome detected adaptive changes that may explain the evolution of traits associated with attraction, trapping, digestion, and absorption. Functional consequences of genes putatively missing in the U. gibba genome, yet present in othe
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30

Marlow, Heather, ed. Evolutionary Development of Marine Larvae. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0002.

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Access to a growing number of marine invertebrates with genetic and genomic tools has broadened our understanding of the diversity of developmental mechanisms, informing our understanding of larval evolution by allowing the identification of shared or divergent programs for the formation of body plan patterning and organ formation. Two such genetic programs are the apical plate patterning network and the hox/parahox trunk and gut patterning network common to larval and adult forms, respectively. While mounting evidence supports an ancient origin at the base of the Bilateria for both adult and
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31

Tangen, Catherine M., Marian L. Neuhouser, and Janet L. Stanford. Prostate Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0053.

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Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in American men. Worldwide, prostate cancer ranks second and fifth as a cause of cancer and cancer deaths, respectively. Despite the international burden of disease due to prostate cancer, its etiology is unclear in most cases. Established risk factors include age, race/ancestry, and family history of the disease. Prostate cancer has a strong heritable component, and genome-wide association studies have identified over 110 common risk-associated genetic variants. Family-based sequencing stud
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32

Pezzella, Francesco, Mahvash Tavassoli, and David J. Kerr, eds. Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779452.001.0001.

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The study of the biology of tumours has grown to become markedly interdisciplinary, involving chemists, statisticians, epidemiologists, mathematicians, bioinformaticians, and computer scientists alongside medical scientists. Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology brings together the developments from different branches of research into one volume. Structured in seven sections, the book starts with a review of the development and biology of multicellular organisms, how they maintain a healthy homeostasis in an individual, and a description of the molecular basis of cancer development. The book then
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33

Parisi, Bill. The Anatomy of Speed. Human Kinetics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718225671.

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“In The Anatomy of Speed, Parisi has integrated science and his coaching skills to create an approach that will work for anyone wanting more speed.” Stuart McGill Professor Emeritus Author of Back Mechanic and Low Back Disorders “The Anatomy of Speed is essential reading for anyone who wants to improve speed, agility, and quickness.” Mike Woicik Six-Time Super Bowl Champion Former Head Strength and Conditioning Coach for the Dallas Cowboys and New England Patriots “Bill Parisi combines his extensive experience with invaluable input from other industry leaders to present the who, what, when, wh
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Bakhtiar, Syeda Marriam, and Erum Dilshad, eds. Omics Technologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Gene Therapy: Medical Applications in Human Genetics. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150795171220101.

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Genetic disorders have been the focus of scientists for a long time. The emergence of next-generation sequencing techniques has ushered a new era in genetics and several developments have occurred in human genetics. The scientific perspective has also been widened with omics technologies that allow researchers to analyze genetic sequences and their expression products. An integrated approach is being used not only for diagnosis but also for disease management and therapeutic purposes. This book highlights emerging areas of omics technology and its application in the diagnosis and management of
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Lewis, Myles, and Tim Vyse. Genetics of connective tissue diseases. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0042.

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The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been an exciting breakthrough in our understanding of the genetic aetiology of autoimmune diseases. Substantial overlap has been found in susceptibility genes across multiple diseases, from connective tissue diseases and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, and psoriasis. Major technological advances now permit genotyping of millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Group analysis of SNPs by haplotypes, aided by completion of the Hapmap project, has improved our ability to pinpoint causal ge
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Santana, Juan Carlos. Functional Training. Human Kinetics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718225237.

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Take your performance to the next level with Functional Training. Author Juan Carlos Santana brings you his revolutionary approach to training and conditioning methods sure to improve your function in any sport or activity. Functional Training covers the recent breakthroughs, the most exercises, and proven programs that you can follow or incorporate into your existing training plan. Offering strength, endurance, power, and sport-specific exercises and programming, Functional Training is a comprehensive resource for every athlete, coach, and athletic trainer. Covering the concepts, exercises, p
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Schram, Frederick R., and Stefan Koenemann. Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195365764.001.0001.

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The understanding of arthropod phylogeny and evolution in the past three decades has undergone major changes. These have arisen from new sources of data applicable across several fields of study. Developments within ontogenetic studies not only in regard to gross patterns of embryology but also regarding a revolution in the application of development genetics continue to generate remarkable insights into crustaceomorph evolution. Phylogeny techniques of analysis and new sources of data derived from molecular sequencing have forced consideration of new hypotheses concerning the interrelationshi
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Jalloh, Charles Chernor, and Ilias Bantekas, eds. The International Criminal Court and Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810568.001.0001.

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Africa has been at the forefront of contemporary global efforts towards ensuring greater accountability for international crimes. But the continent’s early embrace of international criminal justice seems to be taking a new turn with the recent pushback from some African states claiming that the emerging system of international criminal law represents a new form of imperialism masquerading as international rule of law. This work analyses the relationship and tensions between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and Africa. It traces the origins of the confrontation between African governments
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39

Vaheri, Antti, James N. Mills, Christina F. Spiropoulou, and Brian Hjelle. Hantaviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0035.

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Hantaviruses (genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae) are rodent- and insectivore-borne zoonotic viruses. Several hantaviruses are human pathogens, some with 10-35% mortality, and cause two diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Hantaviruses are enveloped and have a three-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. The L gene encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the M gene encodes two glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), and the S gene encodes a nucleocapsid protein. In addition, the S genes of some
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Kirchman, David L. Community structure of microbes in natural environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0004.

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Community structure refers to the taxonomic types of microbes and their relative abundance in an environment. This chapter focuses on bacteria with a few words about fungi; protists and viruses are discussed in Chapters 9 and 10. Traditional methods for identifying microbes rely on biochemical testing of phenotype observable in the laboratory. Even for cultivated microbes and larger organisms, the traditional, phenotype approach has been replaced by comparing sequences of specific genes, those for 16S rRNA (archaea and bacteria) or 18S rRNA (microbial eukaryotes). Cultivation-independent appro
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Hukić, Mirsada, and Mirza Ponjavić. COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: March – June 2020. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi20.190.00.

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At the end of 2019 the world became aware of the existence of a new virus stemming from the Coronaviridae family and causing a specific disease – COVID-19. In less than three months, the virus and its consequences, developed from being a local public health problem in China to a daunting global problem we all had to face. On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of COVID-19. On the international scale, even in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the response of the professionals and scientists has been rapid, although not always consistently efficient enough. Despite
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42

Ward, Phillip, and Shonna Snyder. Core Teaching Practices for Health education. Human Kinetics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718222748.

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Core practices―content-specific practices that offer strategies to support student learning―are common in many subject areas but have been curiously missing for health educators … until now. Core Teaching Practices for Health Education is a compact and precise book that serves up effective core teaching practices for preservice and practicing health educators as well as for health teacher educators. Teachers can apply the evidence-based practical tips and strategies the minute they step into their classrooms; even veteran instructors will discover new teaching tactics that will be useful. Core
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