Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Huile végétale'
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Haïdara, Aliou Ousmane. "Valorisation d'une huile végétale tropicale : l'huile de pourghère." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21766.pdf.
Full textGarcia, Darras Carolina. "Conception et développement d'un microcalorimètre pour l'étude de l'oxydation d'une huile végétale." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14517/document.
Full textLipid oxidation results of many reactions generating numerous oxidation products that are worth characterizing in fats and oils. Among the analysis methods available, differential scanning calorimetry, based on the differential measurement of heat flux dissipated during the oxidation reactions, is convenient because it avoids the use of organic solvents. In this context, we have conceived and developed a microcalorimeter that allows the analysis of up to 5 samples simultaneously, in containers of variable sizes (allowing to vary the surface/volume ratio). For the conception of the microcalorimeter, the thermopiles are used in adiabatic configuration. The system is very stable and allowed flux measurement with a high sensitivity. The validation of the method is performed by Joule effect and by comparison of melting points of paraffins with classical differential scanning calorimetry. The modelization of the oxidation reaction is performed to point out the influence of oxygen on the kinetics. For a polyunsaturated oil (cameline oil), the enthalpy values obtained, at the beginning of the oxidation process, under isothermal condition (100°C) are correlated with the diene conjugated hydroperoxide amount. On the whole, the developed device provided an adaptable, sensitive, solvent-free and low cost method for the measurement of lipid oxidation, particularly suitable for the fast screening of a large set of samples
Geelhand, de Merxem Ludovic. "Nouveaux matériaux photo-réparables à base d'huile végétale." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR042.
Full textA biobased photohealing coating has been developed from 4 components, including epoxidized linseed oil and 4,4’- diphenyldiamine disulfide. The process has been carried out in two steps via an epoxy/amine reaction. The photohealing character is ensured by the presence of disulfide bridges which, under UV irradiation, can be photolyzed reversibly. The obtained coating contains about 46 wt-% of biobased compounds and 24 wt-% of photosensitive molecules. Compared to an analogous material without disulfide bond, the coating exhibits a lower crosslinking density and a higher fracture elongation.A significant repair of a 100 μm depth scratch has been occurred. An increase of 42% of tensile strength has been observed in only 3 hours of UV irradiation at 100°C
Betron, Cyrille. "Développement et fonctionnalisation d'huiles végétales pour la plastification et la réticulation d'élastomères." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1054/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the feasibility of replacing the fossil oils by vegetable oils in polymer matrices.The first section discusses the diffusion of oil in EPDM and PVC matrices. This study was carried out by confronting the theoretical model of the Hansen solubility parameters to experiment rheology tests. The results were analyzed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this model.In second part, we used an elastomer formulation based on vegetable oils plasticizers. The effectiveness of these plasticizers has been verified using different tests. The results showed the problems of incompatibility between the EPDM matrix and the bio-based oils. In situ modification method was therefore used on Tung oil to fix the vegetable oil into the matrix.Finally, in a last part we studied different properties of the crosslinked material. We have developed two crosslinking systems based on di-functional molecules, the 2-furanmethanethiol and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane
Bertuccio, Elisabeth. "Mise au point d'une émulsion multiple à base d'huile végétale pour usage pharmaceutique." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P016.
Full textBetron, Cyrille. "Développement et fonctionnalisation d'huiles végétales pour la plastification et la réticulation d'élastomères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1054.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the feasibility of replacing the fossil oils by vegetable oils in polymer matrices.The first section discusses the diffusion of oil in EPDM and PVC matrices. This study was carried out by confronting the theoretical model of the Hansen solubility parameters to experiment rheology tests. The results were analyzed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this model.In second part, we used an elastomer formulation based on vegetable oils plasticizers. The effectiveness of these plasticizers has been verified using different tests. The results showed the problems of incompatibility between the EPDM matrix and the bio-based oils. In situ modification method was therefore used on Tung oil to fix the vegetable oil into the matrix.Finally, in a last part we studied different properties of the crosslinked material. We have developed two crosslinking systems based on di-functional molecules, the 2-furanmethanethiol and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane
Tran, Duy Chau. "Propriétés diélectriques de liquides isolants d'origine végétale pour applications en haute tension." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10017.
Full textFor the environmental, economic or technical reasons, oils based on natural esters were used to replace mineral oil in electrical equipments in low and medium voltage. This work consists on characterization of a mixture (RS50) of low viscosity natural esters based on rapeseed oil for applications in high voltage transformers. The influence of humidity, temperature, particle content and thermal aging on its dielectric properties such as permittivity, conductivity, losses and electrical strength was highlighted. The RS50 has a high-water solubility, its conductivity, permittivity and losses are both higher than those of mineral oil but these differences are reduced in aged oils. Its electrical strength is similar to mineral oil even after aging. However, an analysis more precise of prebreak down and breakdown phenomena in specific configurations have shown that natural esters are less favorable for high voltage applications than mineral oil. In parallel, a methodological study was carried out. Advantage of using the frequency spectroscopy measuring method for the characterization of insulating liquids is highlighted. The validity of conditions for the dielectric strength measurement in the liquid insulation, which is traditionally imposed following the standards, was also discussed
Le, Goff-Bucas Gwénaelle. "Le comportement des polluants flottants en cas de déversement accidentel en eau de mer." Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120323.
Full textZhao, Yu Hui. "Elaboration de revêtements à base d'huile végétale par chimie thiol-X photoamorcée." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0012/document.
Full textTwo types of coatings constituted about 80 wt% of vegetable oil were prepared by photoinitiated thiol-X chemistry. The first one has been prepared by crosslinking of native and stand linseed oil triglycerides in the presence of 0.5 equivalent of various thiols (SH/ene) under air and UV radiation, without photoinitiator or solvent. The oxidation of fatty acids has shown a beneficial effect on the thiol-ene addition as well as on the final properties of coatings. This process is thus an interesting alternative for the drying of oils. The second type of coating has been obtained by photocrosslinking triglycerides of epoxidized cottonseed oil in the presence of 0.25 equivalent (SH/epoxy) of 7-mercapto-4-methyl coumarine and a photobase generator under air. This latter initiated both thiol-epoxy addition and homopolymerization of epoxy functions. This coating could be auto-healable under UV exposure
Albrand, Pierre. "Développement d'un réacteur innovant de type monolithe pour l'hydrogénation sélective d'huile végétale." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0055.
Full textVegetable oil hydrogenation is a process used to increase oil texture and conservation properties for the food industry. The highly exothermic reaction consists in converting the C=C double bonds of "unsaturated" fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen and a solid catalyst. The hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fats must be favored, while reducing the isomerization into so-called trans fatty acids. This double selectivity objective is achievable at high hydrogen pressure (>10 bar) and low temperature (<120 °C). Structured reactors combining monolith and heat-exchange advantages offer an attractive alternative to batch slurry type reactors, which are commonly used. Composed of numerous channels of a few millimeter in diameter, these reactors are made of a conductive metallic structure. The channels are dedicated either to the heat-transfer fluid - allowing effective temperature control - or to the reaction – where the catalyst is deposited as a washcoat on the wall. The so-called Taylor flow conditions are favored, for which a succession of bubbles and liquid plugs is displayed. This flow tends to the ideal plug flow and enhances the gas-liquid mass transfer thanks to the presence of a thin liquid film between the bubble and the channel wall. This work aims to assess the relevance of monolith reactors for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, in particular sunflower oil. For that purpose, three models have been developed concerning the evolution of oil viscosity, its hydrogenation kinetics and a CFD representation of the reactor. The latter includes the first two aspects: a strong coupling between the physical phenomena involved is therefore expected. The change in viscosity with the degree of saturation of the oil is quantified using a revisited group contribution model. A semi-predictive approach has been adopted where the measurement of the viscosity of the considered oil at a known degree of saturation is used as a reference to predict the viscosity at any other degree of saturation. It also makes it possible to establish specific correlations for the diffusivity of hydrogen and triglycerides (TAG), molecules transporting fatty acids, in vegetable oils. The originality of the developed kinetic modeling lies in the distinct dependence on the hydrogen pressure which accounts for the hydrogenation reactions and the isomerization ones. Based on a Horiuti-Polanyi type mechanism, reaction rate laws have been established considering either an associative or dissociative adsorption of H2. Their parameters were identified through experiments performed in autoclave reactors with sunflower oil and a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. The most suitable model was selected upon statistical analysis. For the numerical modeling of the flow, the so-called "unit cell" approach is adopted. It consists in a bubble surrounded by half-plugs of liquid travelling along a channel. This strategy numerically simulates a representative channel and even the entire reactor, if an even gas and liquid distribution is achieved at the reactive channels inlet. The COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® application allows the coupling of the different physics involved and the implementation of the viscosity and kinetic models previously developed. The strong coupling between hydrodynamics, mass transport and reaction is then demonstrated. Hydrogenation experiments were carried out in a singlechannel catalytic reactor at operating conditions ranging in 80-160 °C and 10-21 bar. Outlet concentrations were compared to the complete CFD model results. A good agreement is noted, both in terms of reaction yield and selectivity: the liquid-solid mass transfer resistance promotes the production of saturated fatty acids, while limiting trans fatty acids one. The validated numerical model is then used as the basis for the development of a direct sizing tool thanks to the evaluation of mass transfer coefficients from correlations or dedicated simulations. The latter can be used to optimize the process
El, Himdy Hanane. "A Propos de certaines huiles d'origine végétale, riches en acide gras essentiels, et de leurs utilisations cosmétiques." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOP007.
Full textTuron, Fabrice. "Amélioration de la qualité nutritionnelle d'une huile de thon : biofaçonnement par une enzyme végétale naturellement supportée." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPTA001.
Full textAgius, Dominique. "Biodégradabilité et devenir d'une huile adjuvante d'origine végétale dans le sol : élaboration d'un projet de norme AFNOR." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT005C.
Full textLagravere, Thierry. "Déterminisme agro-physiologique de l'expression de la trés haute teneur en acide oléique dans l'huile de tournesol (Helianthus annuus L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT011C.
Full textZimmermann, François. "Synthèse d'acide azélaïque à partir d'huile végétale pour la précipitation sélective de cations métalliques." Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Zimmermann.Francois.SMZ0523.pdf.
Full textEach year in France, surface finishing industry generates about 200. 000 tons of metallic sludges without any possibility of beneficiation. Selective precipitation of metallic cations can be carried out by Azelaic acid. Vegetable oils are an important source of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid. The oxidation of this acid leads to two saturated carboxylic acids, nonanoic and azelaic acid. Chapter one presents the actual situation of vegetable oil production and oxidations process of unsaturated fatty acids. Then precipitation methods of metallic cations are described. Chapter two describes the azelaic acid synthesis from oleic acid with RuCl3/NaIO4 catalytic system. Toxic solvent CCl4 can be removed and oxidation can even be succeed in water. Azelaic acid is easily purified in water too. This new process is extend to other olefins. Chapter three described the preparation, purification and characterisation of some metallic azelates. Solubilities diagrams versus pH show that separation of metallic cation mixtures is possible. Chapter four studies the specific azelate iron(III) precipitation first, then the separation of FeIII-ZnII by sodium azelate. 99,9 % of iron are recovered without embedding more than 2,1 % of zinc. Finally, the precipitation by azelate/nonanoate mixture indicates that a particular compound is formed
Dang, Kim Hoang. "Etude de la réaction de transestérification des huiles végétales catalysés par les liquides ioniques en milieu CO2 supercritique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20055.
Full textBiodiesel, resulting from renewable sources, becomes more and more interesting for environmental reasons and because of the perspective of the shortage of fossil fuels. The main method for the production of biodiesel is the reaction of transesterification of vegetable oil catalyzed by acid, basic or enzymatic catalysts in homogeneous or heterogeneous phase. The purpose of this work is to study a new way of biodiesel production from the rapeseed oil by using an ionic liquid as catalyst and supercritical CO2 as reaction media. The HSO3 functionalized ionic liquids are acid ionic liquid possessing good catalytic properties for the oil transestefication. The lipophilic character of ionic liquid as well as alcohol influences the performance of the reaction. Ethanol and 1-propanol are more reactive than methanol because of their best solubility in the oil. The ionic liquid can be recycled and the separation of the esters of fatty acids takes place by simple settling. The effect of CO2 on the transesterification of rapeseed oil catalyzed by ionic liquids is not clearly positive because of the preferential extraction of the ethanol. However, by adding the ethanol continuously, the influence of CO2 should be more favorable. Supercritical CO2 can be also used to separate esters, glycerol and catalyst at the end of reaction
Stemmelen, Mylène. "De la fonctionnalisation d'une huile végétale aux matériaux polymères bio-sources : étude de lipopolymères en solution et de résines epoxy lipidiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20077.
Full textThis Ph-D work deals with the valorization of grapeseed oil for the preparation of novel and various bio-based polymers. Three pathways are developed starting from lipids and leading to polymeric materials such as self-assembled polymers, thermosets and hybride polymers. First, the vegetable oil and methyloleate were modified using radical addition on their double bonds. Following, hydroxylated, aminated and phosphonated lipids were synthesized.In a first study, the oil was hydroxylated via thiol-ene coupling reaction. The fatty alcohol was then converted into initiator for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. These Lipopolymers so-called LipoPOx exhibit hydrophilic POx block and fatty block. Their amphiphilic nature confer them a self-organization ability in water. A monomodal and narrow distribution of nanoparticles was observed by DLS and AFM.In a second study, the oil and some fatty amides were also functionalized by UV-induced radical addition using cysteamine hydrochloride. A linear diamine and a branched polyamine were synthesized and used as hardeners of epoxidized vegetable oil leading to thermosets with high level of bio-carbone. The investigation on thermo-mechanical properties showed a Tg between -38 and -9°C.In a last study, the lipids were modified by radical addition of dimethylphosphite using thermal or photochemical process. Then, the phosphonate esters were converted into silylated moieties making them reactive toward titanium. The anchoring of lipids onto titanium based materials induced a modification of their surface properties
Li, Ying. "Les huiles végétales comme solvants alternatifs pour l’éco-extraction des produits naturels." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0254.
Full textThe green extraction has arisen as a new trend in the valorisation of natural resources. As the growing concern on thesafety, health and environment, vegetable oils as alternative solvents have drawn great interests in the green extractionof bioactive compounds from nature plants. Apart from lipophilic carotenoids in this work., compounds with more polarproperties have been initially studied.Firstly, the solubility of major volatile aroma compounds in various vegetable oils was originally investigated through atheoretical modelling of their Hansen solubility parameters, followed by real experimental extractions for verification.Multivariate statistical analyses assisted to classify the solvent power of these oil solvents so as to select the optimal oil.Secondly, the revisit of polar paradox theory inspired us to achieve direct extraction of phenolic compounds usingvegetable oils as solvents. The appropriate addition of surfactants could significantly increase the extraction efficiency.The small angle X-ray scatting helped to further study the effect of surfactants on the supramolecular structure of thevegetable oils. Lastly, the extraction of carotenoids was intensified with the integration of ultrasounds and sunflower oilas the substitute to organic solvents, in which the optimized procedure has been compared with the conventional organicsolvent extraction in terms of procedures, kinetics, yields and environmental impacts
Francès, Manon. "Étude de la mise au point d'un vernis industriel à base de colophane et d'huile végétale." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3045.
Full textThe aim of this project is to study the development of an industrial varnish with rosin and vegetal oil. The objective is to develop the uses of maritime pine rosin in order to make a varnish based on antique knowledge (Tirat 2016). The varnish used at the end of the XVIIe and at the beginning of the XVIIIe century by the violinmaker Antonio Stradivari get our attention. It has an exceptional quality and was made with a mixture of rosin and linseed oil (Echard 2010). On this knowledge basis, we would like to produce an industrialized biobased varnish with high performance. This work is part of the collaborative project Stradivarius, labelled Xylofutur, which associate the University of Pau and Adour region, the “Cité de la musique” (Paris), the FCBA (Bordeaux), Créteil university, Concept Aquitaine (Bordeaux), Finsa (Morcenx), Biogemme-Holiste (Biscarosse), Meubles Goisnard (Belin-Beliet) and the association Api’Up (Capbreton).The raw materials are linseed oil (Onyx) and maritime pine rosin colophony from Biscarosse (Holiste). After resin drying between 120°C and 180°C, the residual turpentine in the rosin were analyzed with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The oils and rosins are heat treated with a stirring hot plate and the real temperature was obtained with a thermocouple.Then, various varnishes were formulated with linseed oil, colophony and additives thanks to a stirring hot plate. They were applied with a brush and polymerized with UVA lamps. The film colors were measured with a spectrophotometer (Ci62, X-rite). The brightness was measured using a gloss meters (micro-gloss, BYK Gardner). Adhesion test was performed using a pull-off adhesion tester (TA, Positest).The analysis were realised using the following devices : thermomechanical analysis (, Mettler Toledo), thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA Q500, TA instruments), high-performance liquid chromatography (Ultimate 3000, Thermo Scientific), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q20, TA instruments) and an electrospray hybrid linear ion Orbitap mass analyzer (LTQ Orbitrap Velos, Thermo-Fisher).The experiments have been carried on three axes :- Heat treatment on linseed oil and the influences on the varnish. Five treatments have been tested : raw oil, two heat treatments lower than 200°C, a flushing with water before a heat treatment lower than 200°C, and a standolization at 400°C under nitrogen.- Heat treatment on rosin and the influences on the varnish. Four treatments have been tested : raw rosin, and three heat treatments, 180°C, 200°C and 250°C during 30 minutes.- Addition of minerals additives and their influences on the curing and the quality of the varnish.The heat treatments on both linseed oil and rosin seems to have an influence on the varnish quality, especially on its brightness and its solvent resistance. The addition of additives considerably improve the curing time and the varnish quality. A know-how deposit is in progress for this formulation with additives
Sicaire, Anne-Gaëlle. "Solvants alternatifs et techniques innovantes pour l'éco-extraction des huiles végétales à partir de graines oléagineuses." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0260.
Full textIn recent years, the growing interest in environmental considerations and process safety raises the issue of the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane, but also the amount of energy invested in the process of oilseed crushing. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research and development of green extraction processes of vegetable oil from oil seeds through innovative technologies (ultrasonic and microwave) and alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment. The first part of this manuscript describes the optimization with ultrasound of the extraction process, using hexane, of oil from rapeseed cake. Although ultrasound have a positive impact on extraction yield, extraction time and solvent consumption, the use of hexane remains questionable. In the second part, substituting hexane by "green" alternative solvents has been considered. A first experimental approach was supplemented by a predictive approach through the use of decision tools: Hansen solubility parameters and COSMO-RS model. This led to the selection of a solvent, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, for conducting a comprehensive study from laboratory to pilot scale. In a third and final part, the combination of alternative solvents with an innovative technology, microwaves, for the extraction of oil from rapeseed cake was investigated. This study highlighted the benefit of microwaves in the case of a selective heating between biomass and solvent
Nguyen, Quang Hung. "Study on bioaccumulation and integrated biorefinery of vegetable oil and essential oil of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16038/1/Nguyen_QH.pdf.
Full textBriou, Benoît. "Valorisation du cardanol et d’acides et d’aldéhydes lipidiques dans le domaine des matériaux polymères." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS114/document.
Full textOne of the major challenges in the field of polymers is the substitution of oil-based molecules for the development of monomers, polymers and polymer additives. The topic of this thesis is focused on the valorization of bio-sourced molecules and particularly, cardanol and vegetable oil derivatives. Since the scope of polymers is broad, we have chosen to focus on the following three major issues.At first, we were interested in the plasticization of PVC, which is most often carried out by phthalates, a family of oil-based esters strongly suspected to be endocrine disruptors. Alternative additives were thus synthesized by simple chemical reactions from cardanol and fatty esters. Good thermal stabilities and satisfactory plasticizing properties were obtained. Finally, toxicity and ecotoxicity tests have demonstrated the absence of a disruptive impact on the secretion of sex hormones and the non-toxicity towards the environment of these bio-sourced plasticizers.In a second step, we were interested in the chemistry of phenolic resins usually prepared from phenol and formaldehyde, two molecules classified as CMR substances. Thus, a bio-sourced phenol, cardanol, and a bio-sourced aldehyde, nonanal, were reacted to reach flexible phenolic resins. This peculiar property is the result of internal plasticization of the pendant lipid chains within the polymer network. By this example, the interest of vegetable oil derivatives for the production of flexible materials was demonstrated. Finally, a compromise between the flexibility of phenolic resins and their chemical and thermal resistances was reached.Finally, we turned to the development of crosslinked polyurethanes from a fatty ester, a fatty diester and a triglyceride exhibiting alpha-hydroxyketone functions (collaboration with the CASYEN team of the ICBMS). The contribution of the alpha-ketone function on the reactivity of the related to the isocyanate reagent is only modest compared to isolated alcohol type derivatives (castor oil) and alcohol associated with another alcohol function ( triglyceride 1,2-diol). Nevertheless, the presence of intramolecular interactions from ketone groups made possible to enhance the thermal stability of the PU materials and to develop flexible crosslinked PUs by internal plasticization, as in the case of phenolic resins.This thesis brings out the advantages provided by the use of lipid phenols such as cardanol and fatty chains for the improvement of thermal stability and flexibility of polymer materials
Barrek, Sami. "Développements de méthodes analytiques pour l'identification et la caractérisation de nouveaux pesticides d'origine végétale : mécanismes de dégradation : applications à des produits de l'agroalimentaire." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10098.
Full textDridi, Wafa. "Influence de la formulation sur l'oxydation des huiles végétales en émulsion eau-dans-huile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0102/document.
Full textOxidation is ubiquitous in lipids and causes degradation of organoleptic and nutritional qualities of foods. Lipid oxidation depends on various parameters (temperature, light, transition metals, lipid dispersion state …) that have to be controlled during food processing and storage. In this context, lipid oxidation was followed by measuring the content of primary oxidation products, for lipids in bulk phase and in water-in-oil emulsions. Different edible oils were chosen for their contents of α-linolenic acid (18: 3 n-3). Emulsions were formulated at varying polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR)/distilled monoglycerides concentration ratios (surfactant ratio), with or without the presence of pro-oxydant metals or chelators. In all experiments, the aqueous volume fraction (40%) and the droplet mean diameter (1 μm) remained constant. Besides this study, an innovative and rapid method based on differential microcalorimetry was developed for monitoring the kinetics of lipid oxidation. The oxidability of the studied oils was related to their content in α-linolenic acid according the following order: linseed oil> camelina oil> rapeseed oil> olive oil. The rate of lipid oxidation increased with the iron sulfate concentration in the water phase. The iron valence or the replacement of iron by copper had no significant impact on the oxidation kinetics. However, both the chemical nature of the counter ion (molecular weight, chelating power) and the proportion of PGPR used to stabilize the emulsions were influential factors. On the whole, our results suggest that surfactants at the water-oil interface do not prevent pro-oxidant species to interact with lipids in the continuous phase but that their organization at the interface is a key parameter for controlling lipid oxidation
Billotte, Norbert. "Recherche et étude des locus contrôlant les caractères à déterminisme génétique complexe (QTL) du palmier a huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ), par cartographie génétique multiparentale." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0023.
Full textThe goal of this work was to search and to study the loci of characters under complex genetic control (QTL) in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ), by multi-parent genetic mapping. Results are given step by step from the production of molecular markers to the identification of agronomic QTL, in view to marker-assisted breeding of oil palm. A total number of 390 microsatellite markers (SSR) were developed in the E. Guineensis species. The SSR polymorphism was characterised in the E. Guineensis and in the closely related species E. Oleifera, in which an optimal utility of the SSR markers was observed, as well as on a subset of 16 other palm species. Twenty-six phenotypic quantitative characters were studied using a 2 x 2 complete factorial mating design involving 4 heterozygous parents issued from 3 genetic backgrounds Deli, La Mé and Yangambi. A reference linkage map was constructed in the control cross LM2T x DA10D of the factorial design, using 944 locus (255 SR, 688 AFLP, locus Sh) distributed on 16 linkage groups representing the 16 chromosome pairs of the oil palm. This linkage map of 1735 cM allowed to sample 253 SSR loci distributed along the genome and which were used to construct a consensus map of the factorial design. Also, two markers were located at 7 cM and at 11 cM on each side of the Sh locus controlling the variety type of the fruit in oil palm, using bulk segregant analysis and linkage mapping methods. A set of 71 QTL of vegetative and production characters were identified thanks to the factorial design, using a CIM method with 3 types of additive linear models for the QTL search, under a new MCQTL Outbred software perfected by INRA (France): cross by cross model, disconnected multi-parent model and connected multi-parent model. A validation of the identified QTL and an integration of the multi-parent approach are proposed in the frame of a general marker-assisted breeding scheme of oil palm within the context of its Elaeis genus
Roman, Olesea. "Mesure et prédiction de la réactivité des lipides au cours du chauffage d'huiles végétales à haute température." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00806186.
Full textMboma, Jean. "Une étude des effets des monomères cycliques d'acides gras issus d'une huile végétale chauffée sur les marqueurs de la stéatose hépatique, de l'inflammation et du stress oxydant chez le rat." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32541.
Full textThis study has three major objectives. It first seeks to determine the mechanisms by which cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM), which are derived from the frying of vegetable oils, induce the accumulation of lipids in the liver of rats. Then, it evaluates the effects of CFAM on the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in these same rats. Finally, it aims to determine if these effects can be modulated by the quality of dietary lipids. To achieve these objectives, this study compares the effects of four diets on body composition, hepatic and plasma fatty acid and lipid profiles, activity or expression of liver enzymes, markers of carbohydrate homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress. The four diets differ in the source of dietary lipids (canola oil or soybean oil) and the addition of CFAM (0.0 or 0.5% of total dietary fat). Rats were fed these diets (n = 9 per group) for 28 days and biochemical parameters are analyzed in liver, plasma and urine. CFAM-fed rats showed increased hepatic triglycerides and plasma total cholesterol and VLDL+LDL cholesterol, decreased plasma HDL cholesterol and liver phosphatidylcholine, compared to rats fed CFAM-free diets. In addition, CFAM-fed rats showed higher concentrations of plasma 15-F2t-IsoP and 2,3dinor-15-F2t-IsoP than non-CFAM-fed rats. Finally, rats fed soybean oil and CFAM had elevated plasma and urinary concentrations of isoprostanes, neuroprostanes and interleukin-6 as compared to those fed canola oil and CFAM. This study shows that CFAM disrupt blood lipoprotein homeostasis and cause triglyceride accumulation in rat liver related to reduced liver phosphatidylcholine. In addition, the consumption of CFAM promotes the development of oxidative stress, and this effect and the impact of CFAM on inflammation are exacerbated by a diet rich in linoleic acid (soybean oil) compared to a diet rich in oleic acid (canola oil).
Uitterhaegen, Evelien. "Study of the integrated biorefinery of vegetable and essential oil in Apiaceae seeds." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0045.
Full textCoriander fruits of French origin were identified as a rich source of a high-quality vegetable oil, with a high petroselinic acid content, and essential oil. An innovative extraction system was designed and developed using twin-screw extrusion technology and resulted in the recovery of a novel flavored coriander oil with high added value, as well as a hydrosol product with a high essential oil concentration and a press cake with an important protein fraction. The press cake was shown valuable as a natural binding agent for the production of renewable materials from coriander straw, a crop residue, and led to binderless boards with a high performance-cost ratio. Simultaneously, the coriander straw fibers displayed good reinforcing capacity as a natural filler in thermoplastic biocomposites from polypropylene or biopolyethylene, resulting in cost-effective materials with attractive properties. This work thus presents a strong contribution to the setup of a true integrated biorefinery for coriander fruits and its industrial implementation on a relevant production scale
Lanet, Véronique. "Nouvelles formulations d'encres pour l'offset sans mouillage contenant des diluants d'origine végétale : élaboration et caractérisation." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0213.
Full textGallon, Gilmary. "Développement de microparticules hybrides à base d'huiles végétales réticulées par voie sol-gel pour la libération de molécules thérapeutiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT184/document.
Full textDrug formulation is gathering innovative technologies where the use of natural products for the preparation of drug delivery systems is getting more and more considerations because of environmental concerns. For instance, vegetable oils get increasingly used because of their outstanding properties in terms of drug solubilization, biocompatibility and biodegradability. For expanding their application, to drug sustained-release for instance, oils have to be hardened under mild conditions with respect to green chemistry principals. The silica condensation was therefore chosen as cross-linking reaction by the mean the sol-gel reaction which when applied to vegetable oils led to biosourced hybrid organic/inorganic materials. To do so, oils were functionalized with alkoxysilanes precursors without solvent nor catalyst in order to obtain cross-linkable systems. Two chemical paths were studied. The first one, based on an epoxy-amine reaction between epoxydized linseed or soybean oils and the alkoxysilane precursor ended up with an uncontrolled reaction and a triglyceride disruption. The second, used castor oil as an hydroxylated raw material and was based on the hydroxy-isocyanate reaction. Valuable results were obtained and this silylated oil was formulated thanks to a new oil/water thermo-stabilized emulsion process. Simple and robust, this process allowed to simultaneously shape and harden hybrid microparticles. Ranging between 20 and 200 µm in diameter, hybrid microparticles were spherical, homogeneously distributed and were capable of entrapping and releasing lipophilic molecules. As a model, ibuprofen was efficiently encapsulated and was fully released over 8 hours in a simulated buffer. Furthermore, by changing the composition of hybrid microparticles (inorganic/organic ratio), it was also possible to extend release kinetics and significantly reduce the burst effect. Then, biocompatibility of those hybrid microparticles was demonstrated in vitro and an innovative study of the cross-linking reaction was performed. This study aimed to properly understand hydrolysis and polycondensation mechanisms and took the form of an in situ the sol-gel reaction monitoring. It allowed to identify an alternative biocompatible catalysts and gave an insight on how those reactions can be controlled to reach “stabilized" hybrids with constant properties and exhibiting robust and reproducible drug sustained-releases. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the sol-gel chemistry applied to vegetable oils for the synthesis of original and tunable hybrid materials with concerns to environmental and health issues, opened the gate towards innovations in drug formulation
Doufene, Koceïla. "Microparticules hybrides à base d'huiles végétales réticulées par procédé sol-gel : synthèse et évaluation de leur capacité de libération contrôlée de principes actifs peu hydrosolubles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS043.
Full textVegetable oils are key excipients in the pharmaceutical field thanks to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and solubilizing properties. Indeed, they can be used through numerous routes of administration, they meet growing environmental constraints, and they provide effective solutions for the solubilization of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. These vegetable oils can also be chemically engineered to provide further properties.The aim of this dissertation is to functionalize vegetable oils using silica-based molecules in order to enable their solidification into microparticles through a sol-gel process. The obtained vegetable oil/silica hybrid microparticles offer interesting insights for the encapsulation of poorly water-soluble active ingredients, allowing the modulation of their release kinetics, and broadening their field of application.The first step in this project was to develop such microparticles using a thermostabilized emulsion process in compliance with pharmaceutical specifications, mainly the exclusive use of biocompatible excipients. The synthesis of such optimized microparticles was explored by modulating silylation ratios and by entrapping a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (ibuprofen) in order to highlight their potential as a reservoir of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. Besides, the cytocompatibility and biodegradability of these microparticles were evaluated. In order to promote these hybrid microparticles for pharmaceutical applications, two studies were conducted with therapeutically relevant active pharmaceutical ingredients. First, an anti-cancer molecule developed against melanoma (JMV5038) was successfully entrapped into submicron hybrid particles and the latter have allowed the constant and sustained release of JMV5038. Second, a steroid hormone (estradiol) was successfully loaded into microparticles for subcutaneous administration. To achieve that, the chemistry of silylation was redesigned in order to ensure a "100 % green" process and to produce particles that have subsequently demonstrated excellent biocompatibility in a mouse model.The second step of this project was to develop a novel approach for the synthesis of hybrid microparticles by microfluidics. The main advantage of this process lies in the control of particle size and distribution, but its implementation requires overcoming a significant number of constraints. Firstly, the chemistry of sol-gel crosslinking was adapted to the new process, and to do that a catalyst was dissolved in the aqueous continuous phase instead of the oily phase in order to optimize the cross-linking time while reducing the residues within the particles. Secondly, the microfluidic settings (i.e. channel geometry, viscosity of the flowing phases, interfacial tensions) were optimized using polydimethylsiloxane devices that have undergone various hydrophilic treatments in the laboratory, considering that the microparticles are based on an oil-in-water emulsion. Finally, an original microfluidic device was designed, and its manufacturing with photolithography technology on a hydrophilic resin is being finalized, as the context of Covid-19 has slowed down our progress.In conclusion, the project demonstrated the feasibility of synthesizing vegetable oil/silica hybrid microparticles in compliance with the pharmaceutical requirements, and it highlighted the potential of these particles as an innovative and versatile platform dedicated to the formulation of various therapeutic molecules
Gallon, Gilmary. "Développement de microparticules hybrides à base d'huiles végétales réticulées par voie sol-gel pour la libération de molécules thérapeutiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT184.
Full textDrug formulation is gathering innovative technologies where the use of natural products for the preparation of drug delivery systems is getting more and more considerations because of environmental concerns. For instance, vegetable oils get increasingly used because of their outstanding properties in terms of drug solubilization, biocompatibility and biodegradability. For expanding their application, to drug sustained-release for instance, oils have to be hardened under mild conditions with respect to green chemistry principals. The silica condensation was therefore chosen as cross-linking reaction by the mean the sol-gel reaction which when applied to vegetable oils led to biosourced hybrid organic/inorganic materials. To do so, oils were functionalized with alkoxysilanes precursors without solvent nor catalyst in order to obtain cross-linkable systems. Two chemical paths were studied. The first one, based on an epoxy-amine reaction between epoxydized linseed or soybean oils and the alkoxysilane precursor ended up with an uncontrolled reaction and a triglyceride disruption. The second, used castor oil as an hydroxylated raw material and was based on the hydroxy-isocyanate reaction. Valuable results were obtained and this silylated oil was formulated thanks to a new oil/water thermo-stabilized emulsion process. Simple and robust, this process allowed to simultaneously shape and harden hybrid microparticles. Ranging between 20 and 200 µm in diameter, hybrid microparticles were spherical, homogeneously distributed and were capable of entrapping and releasing lipophilic molecules. As a model, ibuprofen was efficiently encapsulated and was fully released over 8 hours in a simulated buffer. Furthermore, by changing the composition of hybrid microparticles (inorganic/organic ratio), it was also possible to extend release kinetics and significantly reduce the burst effect. Then, biocompatibility of those hybrid microparticles was demonstrated in vitro and an innovative study of the cross-linking reaction was performed. This study aimed to properly understand hydrolysis and polycondensation mechanisms and took the form of an in situ the sol-gel reaction monitoring. It allowed to identify an alternative biocompatible catalysts and gave an insight on how those reactions can be controlled to reach “stabilized" hybrids with constant properties and exhibiting robust and reproducible drug sustained-releases. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the sol-gel chemistry applied to vegetable oils for the synthesis of original and tunable hybrid materials with concerns to environmental and health issues, opened the gate towards innovations in drug formulation
Bucas, Gwenaelle. "Le comportement des polluants flottants en cas de déversement accidentel en eau de mer." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120323.
Full textSeverac, Etienne. "Valorisation enzymatique des huiles végétales." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0044/document.
Full textThis work focused on the development of efficient continuous processes for the production of esters from crude or refined high oleic sunflower oil with enzymatic packed bed reactor presenting high levels of productivity and stability. A process of continuous transesterification in packed bed reactor using Novozyme 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized onto Lewatit VP OC 1600), a non-specific biocatalyst, was optimized to transformation of high-oleic sunflower oil into butylic esters. The phenomena of partition of polar compounds (phospholipids found in crude oils, produced glycerol etc.) between the reaction medium and the enzymatic support were managed using tert-butanol, a polar solvent. The conditions that enabled the best compromise between stability, productivity and production yields were obtained with an initial oil concentration of 500 mM and a molar ratio between co-substrates of 5. Such conditions enabled a productivity of 13.8 tons.kg-1.kg of Novozyme 435-1 to be reached. The reactor exhibited great stability for 50 consecutive days without any loss of activity. That enabled to minimize the high costs of the enzyme. The novelty of the process was the use of crude oils, containing high levels of natural antioxidants (phospholipids, tocopherols etc.). We demonstrated that these minor components of oils were preserved during the transesterification process. It conferred the synthesized esters some remarkable properties of oxidative resistance.The economic relevance of the process was improved thanks to the development of a new biocatalyst onto a very hydrophobic support (Accurel MP) in order to avoid any adsorptions of polar compounds. An economic analysis (maximisation of the net present value) enabled to rationalize the optimal immobilisation conditions. Over the whole process, it enabled a 50% saving on the global expenses.__ In continuous transesterification conditions, no difference in the product profile was noticed between the new biocatalyst and Novozyme 435.Finally, an alternative to direct transesterification of oil was considered. A first stage of oil hydrolysis is followed by a process of fatty acid recovery and a stage of enzymatic esterification into esters. In order to realize/complete this last stage, the best reaction system was a solvent-free medium. A continuous reactor for the esterification of oleic acid with isobutanol was optimized. It enabled a reactor stable/a stable reactor for 54 consecutive days, respecting the conditions of white biotechnologies. An annual productivity of 126 tons.year-1.kg of Novozyme 435-1 was reached. That represented a productivity improvement by a factor of 9.2 in comparison with the transesterification process
Bidange, Johan. "Valorisation de bio-ressources par catalyse au ruthénium." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S181/document.
Full textIn the context of depletion of crude oil, the production of bio-fuels and raw materials from renewable resources for the chemical industry is a topic of tremendous research. The transformation of fatty acid derivatives was developed by using olefin metathesis, using ruthenium catalysts. Short nitriles as kerosene additives and monomers for the polymer industry were synthesized. Purification of the renewable feedstock was studied. A simple thermal treatment was found to promote an increased efficiency for cross-metathesis reactions with fatty acid derivatives. Finally, the synthesis of new second generation ruthenium complexes with a chelating indenylidene ligand was investigated for the development of active and robust catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions
Trichard, Laury. "Billes à base de cyclodextrines et d'huile : étude du mécanisme de formation et évaluation du potentiel en formulation et en thérapeutique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114810.
Full textA new dispersed system, consisting in semi-solid “beads”, is produced from a mixture of natural cyclodextrins, water and oil (vegetable, mineral or silicone oils) employing a soft, simple and innovative process. Beads were characterised and their formation mechanism was investigated by various physicochemical techniques. Thus, we identified some of the key points involved in bead formation: formation of inclusion complexes between oil components and cyclodextrins, formation of an o/w emulsion and cyclodextrin crystallisation. We took then benefits from the high oil content of beads to encapsulate two lipophilic model drugs, i. E. Isotretinoin and adapalene. Encapsulation yields reached 90-100%. Finally, our in vitro and in vivo assays showed that beads are well tolerated and are able to release active ingredients as well by oral than topical route
Mirande-Ney, Cathleen. "C/K interactomics in oil palm metabolism and allocation related to yield." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS035.
Full textOil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most productive oil crop in the world. Unfortunately, positive effect of K fertilization on fruit development with increasing in bunch weight and number, remain rather difficult to predict because of the lack of knowledge of underlying metabolic mechanisms. The objective of this thesis was precisely to assess the effect of K availability on oil palm metabolic pathways and determine if metabolic changes could be related to oil production. In addition to expected effects of potassium on vegetative traits and bunches, our results show that K availability affected carbon and nitrogen primary metabolism in both leaflets and developing fruits.This thesis presents, for the first time, a detailed metabolic exploration of oil palm in the field and shows that some metabolic traits (metabolites or enzymes) are linked to K availability, thereby opening avenues for the use of leaf biochemical markers to monitor oil palm mineral nutrition
Teles, dos Santos Moisés. "Conception des triacylglycérides à propriétés contrôlées : formulation et modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0101/document.
Full textThe search for sustainable development is an incentive for renewable resources usage in chemical industry. Vegetable oils (triacylglycerol-based mixtures) are raw-materials that match this criterion and they are currently and potentially used in a wide range of sectors, such as: food industry, lubricants, solvents, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, among others. Aiming to aid product design using such raw-materials, this work deals with phase equilibrium modeling and the development of a computational tool for properties prediction. The models used are totally predictive and they deal with the existence of solid polymorphism. The liquid state and the crystals are treated as ideal phases. The activity coefficients of phases ’ and (notideal) are estimated using Margules model, for which the binary molecular interaction parameters are calculated in a predictive manner by means of correlations with the similarity degree between fatty acids chains in the glycerol. By direct optimization of Gibbs Free Energy, the Solid Fat Content is computed, a fundamental property for vegetable oils–based products functionality. The results of phase equilibrium in different temperatures allow simulating melting curves and Differential Scanning Calorimetry curves, allowing a computational evaluation of how molecular structure and composition changes affect desired properties. The calculated results were applied and compared with experimental data in a wide range of systems: pure systems, binary and ternary triacylglycerol mixtures, natural vegetable oils and mixture of vegetable oils (hundreds of components). Chemical interesterification reaction, widely applied to change fats and oils composition and properties, were also simulated and the results compared with experimental data in different compositions and temperatures. The good agreement between computational results and experimental data enables the computational tool validation and its predictive nature makes it suitable for the study of mixtures in temperatures and compositions not yet evaluated. Consequently, the experimental efforts (cost and time) can be concentrated on the most promised molecules/mixtures
A busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável é um incentivo para o uso de recursos renováveis na indústria química. Óleos vegetais (misturas de triacilgliceróis) são matérias-primas que atendem a este critério e apresentam aplicações atuais e potenciais em diversos setores, tais como indústria de alimentos, lubrificantes, solventes, cosméticos, farmacêutica, dentre outros. Com o objetivo de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de produtos utilizando tais matérias-primas, o presente trabalho trata da modelagem do equilíbrio de fases em misturas de triacilgliceróis e do desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional preditiva de propriedades. Os modelos usados são totalmente preditivos e consideram a existência de polimorfismo na fase sólida. O estado líquido e o polimorfo são considerados ideais. Os coeficientes de atividade das fases e (não-ideais) são estimados através do modelo de Margules, no qual os coeficientes de interação molecular binária são calculados de forma preditiva através de correlações com o grau de similaridade entre as cadeias de ácidos graxos no glicerol. Através da otimização direta da Energia Livre de Gibbs, é calculado o Conteúdo de Gordura Sólida, uma propriedade fundamental para funcionalidade de produtos baseados em óleos vegetais. Através do cálculo do equilíbrio de fases em diversas temperaturas são simuladas curvas de fusão e curvas de Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial, permitindo uma avaliação computacional do efeito que alterações na estrutura molecular e composição apresentam nas propriedades de interesse. Os resultados calculados foram aplicados e comparados com dados experimentais em diversos sistemas: triacilgliceróis puros, misturas binárias e ternárias de triacilgliceróis, óleos vegetais naturais e misturas de diversos óleos vegetais (centenas de triacilgliceróis). Reações de interesterificação química, amplamente utilizadas para alterar a composição e propriedades de óleos e gorduras, foram igualmente simuladas e os resultados comparados com dados experimentais em diversas composições e temperaturas. A boa concordância entre os dados simulados e experimentais permite validar a ferramenta computacional e seu caráter preditivo a torna útil no estudo de misturas em temperaturas e composições ainda não avaliadas, de forma que os esforços experimentais (custo e tempo) possam ser direcionados às misturas mais promissoras
Duval, Johanna. "Eco-valorisation de la plante Kniphofia uvaria : de la plante à la galénique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2045/document.
Full textNowadays, green chemistry is a great challenge. It seeks innovation in the development of eco-efficient processes. The production of natural products from renewable materials by these new environmentally friendly processes is more and more used. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to develop an eco-valuation strategy to extract, characterize, produce and impregnate natural products onto a cosmetic support using sub/supercritical fluids. Consequently, we used oleaginous plant seeds from Kniphofia uvaria as a plant model, which was selected for its interesting cosmetic properties such as antioxidant or anti-ageing. Firstly, the SFC-MS hyphenation with the APCI as an ionization source was developed to screen bioactive molecules; responsible of cosmetic properties. This coupling was performed by the hybrid combination of (U)HPLC/SFC-HRMS. Various optimizations in terms of the solvent make-up (nature and proportion), modulation with SFC and MS parameters were carried out in order to improve sensitivity and selectivity of lipid analysis. Secondly, an enrichment strategy to concentrate bioactive compounds in the final extract was developed by SFE and CPC. Thus, in SFE, experimental parameters (temperature, pressure, nature/proportion of the modifier in the CO2 fluid) were optimized while in CPC, the injection optimization was realized. Methods for the selective fractionation of anthraquinones and triglycerides were obtained in CPC and SFE. Finally, an on-line sub/supercritical extraction-impregnation process was developed to extract and for simultaneously impregnating anthraquinones onto a cosmetic silica. Development and optimization of this process was realized on a laboratory scale. Consequently, this study demonstrated the feasibility of this concept and it presents a great interest to provide natural products as a galenic form, which could be used in the cosmetic formulation
Bélanger-Lamonde, Amélie. "Utilisation d'huile végétales dans la ration de salmonidés : une approche de développement durable en aquaculture." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19474.
Full textHamoudi, Mounira Cherifa. "Évaluation d'une forme galénique à base d'alpha cyclodextrine et d'huile végétale pour l'administration par voie orale de molécules actives peu solubles dans l'eau." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114826/document.
Full textThe general aim of this thesis was the study of the potential of beads, made of α-cyclodextrin and soybean oil, for the oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. We have first verified that it was possible to encapsulate in beads, active molecules (progesterone and indomethacin), other than retinoid and diazepam, with a high drug loading and a satisfying yied. The study of the behaviour of freeze-dried naked beads, in terms of stability and drug release in simulated gastro-intestinal fluids, allowed to propose a mechanism for the release of the encapsulated drug, involving several steps: i) hydration of the freeze-dried beads, ii) dissolution of α-CD hydrophilic matrix, iii) release of oily droplets containing the active drug and then of the fraction of drug dissolved in oil, following a partition phenomenon, iiii) fragmentation of the weakened beads and at last the total release of oil. The presence of bile salts in the medium accelerates both the release and the dissolved amount, by weakening the beads and reducing the partition coefficient value of the active molecule between oil and digestive medium.We have shown in vitro as well as in vivo that it is possible to modulate the release of a model drug from the same initial formulation, according to the degree of organization of the system (dry emulsion, naked beads, coated beads obtained by an additional amount of α-cyclodextrine to the preformed naked beads). In vivo studies in rats have highlighted that dry emulsion behaves as a fast release formulation, the coated beads as a sustained release formulation and the naked beads as an intermediate one. Finally, the release of the encapsulated drug can also be modulated by modifying the drying method of the beads. Compared to freeze-drying, oven-drying modifies the properties of the beads by increasing their resistance in simulated gastro-intestinal fluids and sustaining the release of the encapsulated drug
Cecchi, Georges. "Hydrogénation sélective des huiles végétales par différents systèmes catalytiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30108.
Full textMasson, Corinne. "Étude d'un procédé de neutralisation d'huiles végétales appliqué à la composition d'un carburant diésel." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT009A.
Full textLouis, Kévin. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation d'aldéhydes issus de la coupure d'esters gras insaturés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2290/document.
Full textA high interest has been devoted to the use of renewable carbon in the chemical industry. The goal of this work is the substitution of fossil oils by vegetable oils to synthesize bio sourced monomers for polyesters and polyamides production. The synthesis of methyl 9-oxononanoate as a platform molecule from fatty acid methyl esters of rapeseed oil was carried out in solvent free ozonolysis at room temperature. Intermediary ozonides was reduced to aldehydes by catalytic hydrogenation under H2 pressure and in the presence of Pd(5)/C catalyst giving a 92% carbonyl yield. This process was applied to a wide range of unsaturated esters with a chain length within 9 and 13 carbon atoms. This process allows the selective conversion of renewable materials to value added chemicals, in mild conditions and in the presence of a recyclable catalyst. Moreover, the co products are non toxic and valuable. Hydrogenation of aldehyde group was performed in the presence of methanol at 50°C under hydrogen pressure. Raney Nickel and Pd(5)/C exhibit a yield to methyl 9 hydroxynonanoate higher than 90%. Reductive amination of the aldehyde functional group was investigated with success in the presence of NH3(g) and Pd(5)/C at 50°C in methanol to produce primary amino ester. The amount of ammoniac is directly correlated to the selectivity of the reaction. As a consequence a minimum amount of 3 eq. of ammoniac is required to avoid the formation of secondary amino-ester
Nabti, Brahim. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement d'un moteur diesel à préchambre alimentée à l'huile de colza." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/95663265-c958-4285-8c93-1f4e25558999.
Full textLargueze, Christophe. "Raffinage des huiles végétales par microfiltration : interaction milieu hydrophobe/membrane." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20062.
Full textChaabani, Emna. "Eco-extraction et valorisation des métabolites primaires et secondaires des différentes parties de Pistacia lentiscus." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0714.
Full textThe development of Green chemistry, the depletion of petroleum resources and the awareness of the risks associated to the use of petroleum solvents have led to search a new alternatives to reduce the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research of alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment for the eco-extraction of fatty acids and phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus fruits and aromas from these leaves. A first in silico approach using the COSMO-RS predictions was supplemented by an experimental approach paired with chemometrics analysis. This led to selection of four alternative solvents, MeTHF for oil extraction, EtOAc for aromas extraction, EtOH/H2O (70/30) for polyphenols and flavonoids extraction and EtOH/H2O (80/20) for anthocyanins extraction. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of MeTHF lipid extract and the antioxidant activity of aromatic and phenolic extracts of P. lentiscus were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that vegetable oil exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting by 91.9% the release of (nitric oxide) NO in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, results highlighted the richness of the fruits in antioxidants. In fact, EtOH/H2O (80/20) extract showed a good antiradical activity (IC50 = 2.39 μg/ml) comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant Trolox (IC50 = 2.56 μg / ml). In addition, the aromatic extract obtained with EtOAc showed an interesting anti-radical activity against DPPH (IC50 = 5.82 μg/ml)
Bamerni, Fanar. "Plant-based (Camelina Sativa) biodiesel manufacturing using the technology of Instant Controlled pressure Drop (DIC) : process performance and biofuel quality." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS004/document.
Full textThe objective of this study was to compare the production of biodiesel from Camelina seeds using conventional methods or assisted/intensified by Instant Controlled Pressure-drop DIC. Camelina is one of the most suitable feedstocks for biodiesel production as it does not compete with food crops and/or agricultural land use. Its interest lies in its high oil content, short growing season, and great ability to enrich poor, arid or semi-arid soils. The insertion of texturing by DIC allows the intensification of both 1/ extraction of the oil followed by transesterification and 2/ a single step in-situ transesterification process. In both cases, using the response surface method (RSM), statistical analyzes have led to adequate empirical mathematical models capable of better developing experimental results, optimizing treatment parameters and better define the scaling-up. The DIC process stands out for its ability to successfully achieve the structural expansion of natural products without affecting the quality of sensitive compounds such as oils and fuels produced. The increase in the amount of oil extracted after DIC texturing of seeds was 38% and 22% for pressing and solvent extraction, respectively. In ISTE mode, DIC texturing approximately doubled FAMEs yields (98% increased yields). In addition, DIC technology is a very economical technique due to its high processing capacity, low operating time, and weak energy consumption
Bernard, Thierry. "Le concept de raffinage végétal : application à l'extraction des huiles essentielles." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT004G.
Full textTran, Ngoc-Buu. "Huile de ricin : polycondensation tridimensionnelle en masse avec des diisocyanates : gélification." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10302.
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