To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Human and animal health.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human and animal health'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Human and animal health.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Munguia, Raymundo. "CiprofloxacinDexamethasone ototoxicity in an animal and human model." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97975.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Ototoxicity refers to medication-caused auditory and/or vestibular system dysfunction resulting in hearing loss or dysequilibrium. The potential damage that antibiotics eardrops can produce when placed directly into the middle ear in some cases is still unknown.Objectives. To determine the safety of use of the new ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic drops in patients without an intact tympanic membrane.
Materials and methods. Ciprodex/dexamethasone eardrops were tested in an animal and human model. The animal part was performed in 13 adult chinchillas; Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) was used. For the human part, twenty subjects were enrolled in the study; Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) testing was used.
Results. Animal Part: after the tube insertion ABR threshold mean value was 19.6+/-13.3 dB for all the animals. On the last evaluation (day 60), the mean threshold was 19+/-13 dB for the experimental ears, and 13.7+/-12.2 dB for the control ears, this overall analysis showed no significant effect (p-value = 0.661). Human Part: the mean thresholds for the pre-treatment test were 4.87+/-6,34 dB for the DP value and -0.87+/-7.93 dB for the Ns value. In the post-treatment evaluation the mean thresholds were 3.48+/-4.40 dB for the DP value and -8.02+/-7.57 dB for the Ns value.
Conclusions. The use of CiprodexTM eardrops seems to be safe when instilled in ears without an intact tympanic membrane.
2
Sydenham, Eric William. "Fumonisins : chromatographic methodology and their role in human and animal health." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17514.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: pages 221-243.The fumonisins consist of a group of 7 structurally related mycotoxins originally isolated from Fusarium moniliforme, a fungal contaminant of maize worldwide. The incidence of F. moniliforme in home-grown maize, has been associated with human oesophageal cancer (OC) risk in the Transkei and China. Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), the major fumonisin analogue, exhibits both cancer-initiating and -promoting activities, and has been shown to induce a number of disease syndromes in different animal species. Two other fumonisin analogues, fumonisins B₂ (FB₂) and B₃ (FB₃) also exhibit cancer-initiating potentials, similar to those observed for FB₁. A method, developed at PROMEC, for the analytical determination of FB₁ and FB₂ in maize, based on ion-exchange purification of crude extracts, derivatisation, reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation and fluorescence detection, was subjected to an international collaborative study involving 11 laboratories from 6 countries. Although the results established that the method was highly reproducible, alterations were made in order to reduce analysis time, identify and eliminate potential sources of error and include the co-determination of FB₃. Both methods were used, in conjunction with confirmatory techniques, to determine the extent of animal and human exposure to the fumonisins. Naturally occurring fumonisin levels in animal feeds, were used in conjunction with hazard assessment data, to establish fumonisin tolerance guidelines for selected animal species. The results indicated that combined fumonisin concentrations in feeds of 10 and 100 μg/g (ppm) should be regarded as potentially harmful to horses and swine, respectively. Human exposure assessment was based on data from various sources, including the 1989 and 1990 South African maize crops, maize imported into South Africa, retail maize-based foods from 14 countries, and home-grown maize from the Transkei. The data indicated that fumonisin contamination occurs worldwide, while the levels to which populations are exposed differ considerably. A statistical association was established between fumonisin contamination of home-grown maize, and the prevalence of human OC in the Transkei, where humans can be exposed to fumonisin levels that would be deemed harmful to both horses and swine.
3
McGinley, Susan. "Improving Meat Quality with CLA: Fatty Acid Benefits Animal and Human Health." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622208.
Full text
4
Spradling, Victoria Baird. "Phenolics in red wine pomace and their potential application in animal and human health." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5644.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 14, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
5
Tang, Huadong. "Allometric scaling for predicting human drug clearance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290158.
Full textAbstract:
Various modified methods have been proposed in response to criticisms regarding the practical applicability of allometric scaling, which is one of the most widely used approaches in predicting human drug clearance based on data from animal species. The major problems encountered among allometric methods in predicting human drug clearance are addressed in this dissertation. In chapter 2, a large data set for allometric scaling (n = 138) was collected from the literature and was categorized according to the following criteria: oral or systemic clearance; elimination routes; protein or non-protein chemicals; low, intermediate, or high metabolic clearance. Some significant observations have been made regarding the applicability of allometric scaling according to the pharmacokinetic and physical-chemical properties of the drugs examined. Of special note, several potential rules were developed for when one could expect large vertical allometry. In chapter 3, a new model for predicting human clearance was developed. The new model was shown to provide better predictability than any other current approach. In particular, the new model for the first time predicts the occurrence of large vertical allometry noted in humans. In chapter 4, a general equation was derived, which directly describes the mathematical relationship between predicted pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in humans and the body weights of animals and the values of their corresponding measured PK parameters. This relationship clearly illustrates the species or body weight-dependency of the prediction performance by allometric scaling. Finally, real data from the literature demonstrated the species-dependency predicted from the equation. In chapter 5, the functionality of the correction factors, maximum life-span potential (MLP) and brain weight (BrW) in allometry is mathematically described for the first time. It was found that corrections by MLP or BrW are equivalent to a multiplication of certain constants by the predicted values in humans from simple allometry and has nothing to do with any measured values of PK parameters in any animal species. The role of correction factors (MLP and BrW) or "rule of exponents" in species scaling was evaluated.
6
Jamieson, Jen. "Adolescents, education and farm animal welfare." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572485.
Full text
7
Journeay, William Shane. "Thermoregulatory and nonthermoregulatory interaction in human cardiovascular control." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26496.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. Study #1 examined the responses to facial immersion under states of altered cardiac filling. Study #2 sought to examine changes in postexercise hemodynamics and skin blood flow (SkBF) when lower blood pooling was manipulated using lower body pressure. Methods. Study #1---Six male subjects participated. They performed 30-s apneic facial immersions under: LBNP, LBPP, during post-exercise hypotension (PEH); & Control. MAP, HR, and SkBF were measured. Study #2---Subjects were exposed to LBNP, LBPP; or no pressure after 15-mins of cycle exercise at 70% of VO2 peak. HR, CO, SV, MAP, TPR, & SkBF, skin and esophageal temperature were recorded. Conclusions. Study #1---Cardiac parasympathetic response during facial immersion can be attenuated when cardiac filling is compromised. Study #2---(1) LBPP accelerates recovery of baseline hemodynamics while LBNP exacerbates the postexercise hemodynamic state relative to control. (2) Altering postexercise hemodynamics via LBPP may affect thermal responses.
8
Friedl, Christina Renee. "Comparative Analysis of SRY Promoter Sequences on the Human and Rat Y Chromosome." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1376484138.
Full text
9
MacDougall, Stephen L. (Stephen Lindsay). "Effector:target interactions in the human natural killer cell system : characterization of the target structures." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74570.
Full textAbstract:
Natural killers (NK) are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that are defined by their pattern of cytotoxicity against other normal and neoplastic cells of predominantly hemopoietic origin. Although they have been programmed to recognize a limited spectrum of targets, their activity can be augmented by certain immunoregulatory substances. The molecules that mediate the recognition events have not yet been identified.I describe here the derivation and characteristics of a variant clone (Clone I) of the human leukemic cell line K562. These cells, selected for decreased binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes, were less sensitive than the parent to lysis by NK in the resting, but not in the augmented state. Although their major plasma membrane proteins appeared identical to those of K562, they contained an additional minor group of fucosylated glycolipids. A later subclone of Clone I, selected for resistance to Concanavalin A, reverted to an NK sensitive pattern and exhibited the parental profile of glycolipids.
The results illustrate in an in vitro model how a leukemic cell can modulate its membrane to escape surveillance by NK cells, and suggest that the glycolipids might be involved (directly or indirectly) in the mechanism.
10
Reid, Morgann. "Describing the Rabies Management System in an Ontario Municipality: A Mixed Methods Study of Human and Companion Animal Health Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38490.
Full textAbstract:
Rabies management can be described as successful only if examined through a human health perspective. Negating companion animal health outcomes in rabies management creates systemic failures as cats and dogs are significant within our society and bridge humans and wildlife in rabies transmission. A shifting pet ownership culture has created opportunities for increased rabies risk. This thesis applied the One Health concept to the rabies management system in an Ontario municipality. The One Health concept considers that the health of humans is inherently connected to the health of companion animals and their shared environment.
A mixed methods design informed a visual conceptualization of the rabies management system. Factors influencing human and companion animal health outcomes were identified through multivariable logistic regression models. The human outcome of interest was the recommendation of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis after a potential rabies exposure by a companion animal; the companion animal outcomes were receiving a post-incident rabies vaccine, being euthanized for rabies testing and being placed under observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with private veterinarians to understand their perceived role in rabies management.
Rabies management is more complex than linear interactions and processes that occur to protect human health. An explicit link between the human and companion animal health outcomes was found. Companion animal species appeared as an influential factor and indicates that ownership practices differ between cats and dogs. This implies that veterinarians are not effectively leveraged as the link between public health and pet owners. Indeed, veterinarian’s approach their rabies management roles based on their prioritization of the seriousness of rabies compared to the risk. Through the application of One Health thinking to the municipal rabies management system, it is clear that there is a public-private divide where mitigating human rabies exposures conflicts with the prevention of rabies in companion animals.
11
Parreira, Diogo Alexandre Mariano. "Bem-estar humano, bem-estar-animal. A importância dos insetos eoutros artrópodes na interface animal-homem." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26736.
Full textAbstract:
Os zoos são locais que propiciam o encontro entre todos os atores que intervêm
na transmissão de agentes, patogénicos ou não, zoonóticos ou não. Lá encontramos
animais silvestres, animais domésticos, toda a fauna e flora natural do ambiente que os
rodeia, havendo ainda a possibilidade de produzir biótopos artificiais que ampliam ou
minimizam ciclos de transmissão de agentes patogénicos.
A caracterização destes locais permite a adoção de medidas preventivas. Portanto,
o trabalho consistiu na identificação de potenciais vetores de agentes patogénicos e
possíveis locais de nidificação. Também foi avaliado o conhecimento dos trabalhadores
sobre possíveis formas de transmissão de agentes, medidas de prevenção mais adequadas
e avaliada a existência de casos suspeitos de doença nos últimos anos.
Para a avaliação da existência de vetores capazes, o projeto contou com a colaboração
da Rede REVIVE do departamento de Saúde Pública e Planeamento da ARS
Alentejo e do IHMT da Universidade Nova; ABSTRACT:
Human well-being-animal well-being. The importance of Insets and arthropods at the animalman
interface
Zoos host all the necessary actors that play a role in transmitting agents, pathogenic
or not, zoonotic or not, can happen. We can find wild and domestic animals, all
the fauna and flora natural of natural environment surrounding the park, with the possibility
of produce artificial biotypes that shapes the cycles of this agents.
The characterization of these places enables the adoption of preventive
measures. Therefore, the work consisted in the identification of potential vectors of
pathogenic agents and possible nidification spots. It was also evaluated the knowledge
of the employees regarding possible forms of transmissions of the agents, most adequate
measures of prevention as well as the existence of suspected cases of disease in the last
years.
To determine the existence of capable vectors, this project counted with the collaboration
of the network REVIVE of the Public Health and Planning Department of
ARS Alentejo and IHMT of Universidade Nova.
12
Connel, Diane Carol 1962. "Influence of exercise intensity and nasal flow resistance on activities of human nasal dilator muscles." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278156.
Full textAbstract:
Ten healthy subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60, 120, and 150-180 W while breathing nasally. Nasal inspiratory flow, nasal dilator muscle (alae nasi; A.N.) EMG activities, and alveolar CO₂ and O₂ were measured at rest and at each work rate. On separate days six of the subjects exercised at 30-60, and 60-120 W while nasal airway resistance was measured by anterior rhinomanometry. In both protocols, 12-15 breaths of a He:O₂ (79:21%) gas mixture were substituted surreptitiously for air under each condition. He:O₂ breathing resulted in a decrease in flow turbulence and intranasal pressure, and therefore, resistance, as indicated by lower calculated Reynold's numbers. He:O₂ evoked an increase in nasal inspiratory flow, and reductions in nasal pressure and A.N. EMG activities (25-50%) at each work rate. These results suggest that A.N. EMG during exercise is controlled by increases in intranasal pressure, not by nasal flow. Thus, the data suggest that sensory information from pressure sensitive nasal receptors in the nasal lumen serve to modulate A.N. EMG activities during exercise.
13
Magwedere, Kudakwashe. "Veterinary public health aspects related with food-producing wildlife species in the domestic animal, human and environment interface." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80034.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The wildlife industry in Namibia continues to grow as the production and consumption of game meat increases. However, the health risks posed by the trade in wildlife and related by-products to livestock and humans have not been fully assessed. The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential health risks related to the increased consumption of game meat and relevant by-products by assessing the quality of game meat, as well as determine the role of game meat species in the transmission of zoonoses. The microbiological quality and safety of export game meat was assessed. No differences in the aerobic plate count (APC) were observed between the years (2009 and 2010), but the mean Enterobacteriaceae count was 1.33±0.69log10 cfu/cm2 compared to 2.93±1.50log10 cfu/cm2 between the years. Insignificant heterotrophic plate count (HPC) levels were detected in 9/23 field water samples, while faecal bacteria (coliforms, Clostridium perfringens and enterococci) were not isolated in all samples. Seven serogroups, with the exception of O26, were detected in exotic species. A white tailed deer sample had a serotype belonging to O45 which confirmed positive for stx1 gene. In springbok, 5/15 pools of faecal samples tested positive for the intimin gene. No Salmonella spp were isolated, and all E. coli isolates from the meat samples were negative for STEC virulence genes (i.e. stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA). A linear regression analysis was conducted on selected variables to identify the main predictors and their interactions affecting pH of meat 4 hours post-slaughter. In an increasing order of magnitude during winter time, the pH reached at 16-36hr post slaughter in springbok heart, liver, spleen, kidney and lungs was significantly higher than pH 6.0, while no significant differences were observed from the regulatory reference (pH 6.0) in the heart. There was a positive association between the pH of game meat 4hr post-slaughter, and liver congestion. The pH of game meat 4hr post slaughter, increased by 0.11 units per mL increase in liver congestion, and decreased by 0.04 units per minute increase in the shooting to bleeding interval, irrespective of the species. Worm eggs of strongylids, Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara spp, Trichuris spp and coccidia were found in variable numbers in both springbok and gemsbok faeces, indicating a potential risk of transmission to other species in the ecosystem. On examination of carcasses, a novel parasite, Skjabinodera kuelzii, was identified and noted to be associated with inguinal fascia and renal fat, but the public health significance remains unclear. Nevertheless, S. kuelzii should be considered as of potential significance during routine game meat inspection. A total of 12 310 springbok were harvested from 26 commercial farms over a period of two years. Tissue samples (i.e. 60 livers, 41 kidneys and 52 hindquarter muscles) were collected from randomly selected healthy animals. The mean values (i.e. above the detection limit) of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were 0.10±0.05mg/kg and 1.04±0.21mg/kg in the liver, respectively; and 0.33±0.22mg/kg and 0.905±0.51mg/kg in the kidney of springbok, respectively. The levels of cadmium and lead in the hindquarter muscles were below the detection limit. Serum samples (n=1692) collected from sheep, goats and cattle from four presumably at-risk farms, and 900 springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) serum samples collected from 29 mixed farming units, were screened for Brucella antibodies by using the Rose-Bengal test (RBT). Positive cases were confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). To assess the prevalence of human brucellosis, 137 abattoir employees were tested for Brucella antibodies using the standard tube agglutination test (STAT), and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle and sheep from all four farms were negative by RBT and CFT, but two of the four farms carried 26/42 and 12/285 seropositive goats, respectively. Post mortem examination of seropositive goats revealed no gross pathological lesions. Culture for brucellae from organs of seropositive animals was negative. None of the wildlife sera tested positive by either RBT or CFT. Occurrence of confirmed brucellosis in humans was linked to the consumption of unpasteurized goat milk, home-made goat cheese and coffee with raw milk and prior contact with goats. All abattoir employees (n=137) tested negative by STAT, but 3 were positive by ELISA. The three abattoir workers were clinically normal, and lacked historical connections with clinical cases. This study illustrates the importance of microbiological, parasitic and residue monitoring as critical components of a hazard analysis and critical control point based system for game meat. The study also provides the basis for increased integrated health research, surveillance and meat safety risk analysis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Namibiese wildbedryf raak toenemend groter soos die produksie en verbruik van wildsvleis toeneem. Die verwante gesondheidsrisiko’s wat die gebruik van wildsvleis en verwante produkte vir mens en dier inhou, is nog nie volledig geassesseer nie. Die doelwit van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die potensiële gesondheidsrisiko's wat wildsvleis en verwante neweprodukte vir mens en dier inhou deur middel van die assessering van vleisgehalte en die bepaling van die rol van die wildsvleis spesies in die oordrag van soönoses. Die mikrobiologiese gehalte en veiligheid van uitvoer wildsvleis was geassesseer. Geen verskille in die aerobiese plaat telling (APC) vir monsters versamel tydens 2009 en 2010 is aangeteken nie. Die gemiddelde Enterobacteriaceae telling was 1.33± 0.69log10 cfu/cm2 in vergelyking met 2.93±1.50log10 cfu/cm2 tussen die jare. Onbeduidende heterotrofe plaattelling (HPC) vlakke is waargeneem in 9/23 water monsters, terwyl fekale bakterieë (d.i. kolivorme, Clostridium perfringens en enterokokke) nie in enige van die monsters geïsoleerd is nie. Sewe serogroepe, met die uitsondering van O26, is aangeteken vir die eksotiese spesies. Monsters verky van ʼn white tailed deer is as positief vir 'n serotipe van O45 getoets, en die teenwoordigheid van die stx1 geen is bevestig. In springbok het 5/15 poele van fekale monsters positief getoets vir die intimien geen. Geen Salmonella spp is geïsoleer nie en alle E. coli geïsoleer in die vleismonsters was negatief vir die Stec virulensie geen (d.i. stx1, stx2, EAE en hlyA). ʼn Liniêre regressie-analise is op geselekteerde veranderlikes wat as die belangrikste indikators kan dien, en enige moontlike interaksie wat die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag kan beïnvloed, uitgevoer. In 'n toenemende orde van grootte gedurende die winter tyd, die pH teen 16-36hr na slagting in springbok hart, lewer, milt, niere en longe was aansienlik hoër as die pH 6.0, terwyl geen beduidende verskille waargeneem is wanneer dit met die regulasie verwysingswaarde van die hart (pH 6.0) vergelyk is nie. Daar was 'n positiewe assosiasie tussen die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag en mate van aansameling in die lewer. Die pH van wildsvleis 4 uur na-slag, het toegeneem met 0.11 eenhede per mL toename in lewer aansameling en afgeneem met 0.04 eenhede per minuut toename in die skiet tot uitbloei interval, ongeag die spesie. Wurmeiers van rondewurms, Strongyloides papillosus, Toxocara spp, Trichuris spp en koksidia het in verskillende ladings in die mis van beide springbok en gemsbok ontlasting, voorgekom. Dit dui op 'n potensiële risiko van oordrag na ander spesies in die ekosisteem. Die voorkoms van ʼn nuwe parasiet, Skjabinodera kuelzii, in wildskarkasse is aangeteken en was geassosieer met inguinale fascia en renale vet, maar die openbare gesondheidsrisiko bly onduidelik. Daar word aanbeveel dat dié parasiet as ʼn potensiële risiko faktor tydens roetine vleisinspeksies beskou moet word. ʼn Totaal van 12 310 springbokke is oor 'n tydperk van twee jaar van 26 kommersiële plase geoes. Weefselmonsters (d.i. 60 lewers, 41 niere en 52 agterkwart spiere) is ewekansig versamel van gesonde diere. Die gemiddelde waardes (d.i. hoër as die opsporingslimiet) van kadmium (Cd) en lood (Pb) was 0.10 ± 0.05mg/kg en 1.04 ± 0.21mg/kg in die lewer onderskeidelik en 0.33 ± 0.22mg/kg en 0.905 ± 0.51mg/kg in die niere van springbok, onderskeidelik. Die vlakke van kadmium en lood in die agterkwart spiere was laer as die opsporingslimiet. Serum monsters (n=1692) is van skape, bokke en beeste van vier vermoedelik hoë risiko plase en springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis, n=900) van 29 gemengde boerdery sisteme versamel en getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van Brucella teenliggaampies deur middel van die Rose-Bengal-toets (RBT). Positiewe gevalle is bevestig deur die komplement binding toets (CFT). Die voorkoms van menslike brusellose is bepaal deur 137 abattoir werknemers te toets vir Brucella teenliggaampies deur gebruik te maak van die standaard buis agglutinasie toets (STAT) en die ensiembinding immunosorberende toets (ELISA). Beeste en skape van die vier hoë risiko plase het negatief getoets met die RBT en CFT metodes, maar bokke van twee van die vier plase het seropositief getoets (26/42 en 12/285 onderskeidelik). Nadoodse ondersoek van seropositief bokke het geen patologiese letsels aangedui nie. Die kultuur van orgaanmonsters van seropositief diere vir Brucellae was negatief. Die monsters versamel van wild het negatief getoets deur middel van die RBT en CFT toets metodes. Die voorkoms van brusellose in mense in die studie was geassosieer met die gebruik van ongepasteuriseerde melk, tuisgemaakte bokmelkkaas en koffie met ongepasteuriseerde melk, asook direkte kontak met bokke. Alle abattoir werknemers (n=137) het negatief getoets met die STAT metode, maar drie werknemers het positief getoets met die ELISA metode. Die drie abattoir werkers was klinies normaal en het nie vorige kontak met bevestigde kliniese gevalle gehad nie. Hierdie studie bevestig die belang van mikrobiologiese, parasitiese en residu monitering as kritieke komponente van 'n gevaar-analise en kritiese kontrolepunt gebaseerde stelsel vir die produksie en verbruik van wildsvleis. Die studie verskaf ʼn basis vir toekomstige navorsing gefokus op ʼn geïntegreerde benadering van mens- en diergesondheid, monitering en vleis veiligheid risiko-analises.
14
Robinson, Patrick 1964. "Characterization of POMC-derived peptides from guinea-pig and human pituitaries." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22795.
Full textAbstract:
The biochemical characterization of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) products, isolated and purified from a human anterior lobe pituitary adenoma associated with Cushing's Syndrome, illustrates the processing of this prohormone. In the tumor, 87% of the acidic joining peptide (AJP) is found as a dimer rather than as a monomer, the prevalent form found in normal pituitary tissue. The corticotropin (ACTH) purified and characterized from the tumor was found not to be phosphorylated. In contrast, human ACTH of normal pituitary origin is found to be 30% phosphorylated at the serine residue at position 31. No evidence of cleavage at residues 49-50 to produce $ tau sb3$-MSH and the 1-49 fragment was found.ACTH was purified from extracts of guinea-pig anterior pituitaries and characterized in terms of its amino acid composition and molecular weight using IS-MS and HPLC. Guinea-pig ACTH was found to have a similar activity to that of human ACTH with respect to the maximal steroid output of corticosterone and aldosterone. However, it proved to be slightly more potent in terms of the concentration which elicited half-maximal steroid secretion. Under the assay conditions used, guinea-pig ACTH does not seem to a superagonist as suggested by a previous study. Combining amino acid compositions, mass spectrometric data, and the recent determination of the cDNA sequence for guinea-pig ACTH, the identification of various purified biosynthetic derivatives of guinea-pig POMC was facilitated.
Joining peptide, a major product of POMC processing, was found in extracts of both anterior and neurointermediate lobes. The purified peptide corresponded exactly in amino acid composition and mass to the predicted structure established by the CDNA sequence. Also, by using ion-spray mass spectrometry, post-translational modifications of other products of intermediate lobe processing were observed. N- and O-acetylation of $ alpha$-melanotrophin, partial O-phosphorylation of corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide and carboxyl-terminal amidation of $ beta$-melanotrophin were identified. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
15
Hanell, Jenny. "Quantified Dog: Supporting Dog Health through Persuasive Technologies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209575.
Full textAbstract:
In collaboration with HappyTail, a Swedish company developing a mobile application for dog owners, this qualitative research study examines and identifies important factors, for developers or other stakeholders, to have in mind when developing mobile applications that aim to support dog health. According to behavioural scientists, there needs to be a bridge between health themed mobile applications and behavioural change theories in order to achieve desirable results. Therefore, literature on dog health as well as on behavioural and persuasive technologies were reviewed. To fully understand dog owners’ behaviours, empirical data was collected from five in-depth interviews with dog owners recruited from groups on Facebook. The data collected, in combination with the reviewed literature, results in increased understanding of dog owners’ behaviours in relation to their dogs’ health, their sources of motivation and inspiration, and how persuasive technologies can affect their behaviours towards their dogs. It turned out that psychological aspects, such as the relationship between the dog and dog owner, was crucial among the interviewees, and that they prefer to use dog themed mobile applications with features such as social support and tailored content as parts of the design. Finally, ethical aspects that need to be considered when including dogs as stakeholders in new technologies were discussed. The result is valuable for researchers investigating dog owners’ behaviour as well as for those developing new technology, especially mobile applications, with focus on dog health.I samarbete med HappyTail, ett svenskt företag som utvecklar en mobilapplikation för hundägare, syftar den här kvalitativa undersökningen till att identifiera viktiga faktorer som personer verksamma inom applikationsutveckling med fokus på hundhälsa bör ha i åtanke under utvecklingsskedet. Enligt forskare inom beteendevetenskap är det viktigt att det finns en bro mellan mobilapplikationer med hälsotema och befintliga teorier inom området beteendeförändring för att kunna uppnå önskvärda resultat. Därför har litteratur som berör hundens hälsa samt viktiga faktorer för beteendeförändring i samband med utveckling av ny teknik beaktats. För att få ökad förståelse för hundägares beteende utfördes fem djupgående intervjuer med deltagare rekryterade från hundrelaterade grupper på Facebook. Tillsammans med den granskade litteraturen resulterade den insamlade datan i en djupare inblick i hundägares liv, vilka faktorer som motiverar och inspirerar dem till att ta hand om sin egen såväl som sin hunds hälsa, och hur teknik bör vara utformad för att påverka dem till att ändra beteende gentemot sin hund. Det visade sig bland annat att relationen mellan hund och hundägare var extra viktig för deltagarnas syn på sin hunds hälsa, och att social support och personalisering är grundstenar för en intressant mobilapplikation med hundrelaterat innehåll. Avslutningsvis diskuteras även vilka etiska aspekter som är nödvändiga att beakta när hundar inkluderas i utvecklingen av ny teknik. Undersökningens resultat har ett värde för forskare som specialiserar sig på hundägares beteende samt för utvecklare av ny teknik som strävar efter att förbättra hundars hälsa.
16
Winski, Shannon Lee 1967. "Metabolism and toxicity of sodium arsenate in human erythrocytes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282320.
Full textAbstract:
Toxicity of arsenic species is dependent on chemical oxidation state. Inorganic arsenic in the trivalent state, arsenite or As(III), is more biologically active than pentavalent arsenic, arsenate or As(V), and is more toxic by most measures. As(V), however, is more stable and prevalent in the environment. One consequence of environmental exposure is peripheral vascular disease, which is primarily due to vascular changes, but toxicity to the erythrocyte has not been evaluated. To understand toxicity and the implications of arsenic oxidation state, human erythrocytes were utilized to model the uptake, biotransformation (metabolism) and toxicity of sodium arsenate, As(V). It was first established that biotransformation, both in vivo and in vitro, would not be limited by uptake of As(V) into the cell. Evidence suggested that reduction was accomplished by at least two separate pathways. All reductive metabolism was dependent on the presence of reduced thiols including both non-protein thiols (glutathione; GSH) and protein thiols (ProSH). These pathways are: (1) chemically mediated reduction by GSH and (2) protein mediated reduction. It was established that the protein-dependent pathway required a reduced protein thiol and also required the presence of GSH. This points to reduction through a redox coupling to form a protein mixed disulfide (ProSSG). Toxicity to the erythrocyte was evaluated by determining total cell death, morphologic changes and effects on the energy cofactor adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Based on these three parameters, the erythrocyte was more susceptible to As(V) and not As(III) as other tissues are. The morphologic effects on the cell were also consistent with ATP depletion. These changes were characterized by formation of morphologically altered cells that are unable to deform in circulation effectively and occlude the microcirculation. This could contribute to vascular tissue damage associated with arsenic-induced circulatory disorders. In summary, the erythrocyte is able to take in As(V) which is detrimental to the ability of the cell to perform its intended function. Biotransformation to As(III) would therefore be a detoxifying event, and understanding the factors involved in biotransformation will help to understand human susceptibility to arsenic-induced vascular disease.
17
Szabo, Elod Zala. "Molecular and cellular properties of the human brain Na+H+ exchanger isoform 5." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38420.
Full textAbstract:
Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) are transmembrane proteins that mediate the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and proton across the plasma membrane. There are seven mammalian isoforms of the gene family identified to date. The recently cloned isoform NHE5 seems to be the most highly cell type-specific being probably expressed only in neurons. The objective of my research was to describe the basic biochemical and some of the regulatory characteristics of NHE5 in an effort to understand its in vivo function. To this end, the full-length cDNA of NHE5 was reconstructed and transfected into the NHE-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell line AP1.Pharmacological analyses demonstrated that H+ i-activated 22Na+ influx mediated by NHE5 was inhibited by several classes of drugs at half-maximal concentrations that were intermediate to those determined for the high-affinity NHE1 and the low-affinity NHE3 isoforms. Kinetic analyses showed that the extracellular Na+-dependence of NHE5 activity followed a simple hyperbolic relationship and, unlike other NHE isoforms, the intracellular H+-dependence also exhibited first-order kinetics. Extracellular monovalent cations, such as H+ and Li+, but not K+, acted as effective competitive inhibitors of 22Na+ influx by NHE5.
To find novel interacting proteins that are involved in NHE5 regulation, a yeast two-hybrid screen of human brain cDNA library was conducted using NHE5 as bait. A clone encoding the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha2 subunit was further analyzed. AMPK is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by elevated ratios of [AMP]/[ATP], regulating various biological processes in response to hypoxia or exercise. AMPK alpha2 binds NHE5 in vitro and in vivo, and directly phosphorylates it in vitro. Activation of endogenous AMPK by AICAR, a membrane permeable AMP analogue, as well as heterologous expression of the full-length and constitutive active forms of alpha2 subunit increased the transporter activity measured by 22Na+ influx.
The regulatory protein arrestin3 was also found to interact with NHE5 in the yeast two-hybrid screen. Arrestins were previously shown to associate with and regulate transmembrane proteins of the G protein-coupled receptor family. We demonstrate that NHE5 binds arrestin3 both in vitro and in vivo; and the binding is phosphorylation-dependent. When co-expressed in CHO cells, arrestin3 and NHE5 co-localize, and arrestin3 expression seems to attenuate the basal activity of the transporter. The data presented in this thesis reveals new aspects of both NHE regulation, and AMPK and arrestin function.
18
Satake, Fernanda Michele [UNESP]. "Água e o manejo ambiental como fatores de risco para saúde humana e saúde animal em propriedades rurais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94634.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2008-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
satake_fm_me_jabo.pdf: 310623 bytes, checksum: f0139a7c04a600fccdd4e68ed1bbf8ed (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a qualidade da água, os tipos e as características das fontes de água de abastecimento humano e animal e o manejo ambiental em propriedades rurais situadas na Microbacia do Córrego Rico, Jaboticabal – SP. Foram analisados parâmetros microbiológicos, que incluíram o Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli (EC) e contagem de microrganismos mesófilos; parâmetros físico-químicos, como teores de nitrato, turbidez e cor; além do levantamento sócio-ambiental, realizado por meio de entrevista. As amostras foram colhidas nos dois regimes pluviométricos e nenhuma diferença foi encontrada entre os parâmetros analisados. 93,1% e 65,51% da água das fontes de abastecimento estavam fora dos padrões de potabilidade para coliformes totais e EC respectivamente. Da mesma forma, 86,20% e 51,72% das amostras de consumo humano estavam em desacordo com os mesmos padrões de potabilidade. A alta porcentagem de propriedades que não atendem a pelo menos um dos padrões de potabilidade exigidos pela legislação mostra que a água utilizada no meio rural é de extremo risco à saúde humana e animal especialmente quando se constata que a maioria dos proprietários não considera sua água como causadora de enfermidades ou de baixa qualidade. É necessária uma ação urgente no sentido de melhorar e preservar a qualidade da água dessas propriedades, e conseqüentemente da Microbacia, para que seja possível diminuir o risco de ocorrência de enfermidades de veiculação hídrica no meio rural.
The present research was carried out with the aim of screening the water quality, types and characteristics of human and animal water sources and the environmental management from rural farms located in Córrego Rico watershed, Jaboticabal – SP. Microbiological parameters were analyzed, such as Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms, Escherichia coli (EC) and mesophylic microorganism counting; physical-chemistry parameters such as nitrate, turbidity and color; besides social environment survey trough interview. The samples were collected during the two pluviometric periods and no difference was found between the parameters analyzed. 93,1% e 65,51% from water sources were beyond the potability standards for total coliforms and EC respectively. The same results were found in human consumption samples, where 86,20% e 51,72% were beyond the same potability standards. The high percentage of properties that do not attend at least one of the potability standards demanded by legislation shows that the water utilized in rural areas is extremely risk to human and animal health, especially when is verified that most of the farmers do not consider their water as cause of illness or with low quality. A urgent action is necessary in order to improve and preserve the water quality from this properties, and consequently from the watershed, then it would be possible to decrease the risk of occurrence water-carried-disease in rural areas.
19
Donis, Natalie. "Animal Cruelty: The Nexus Between Admonishable Violence and Sanctionable Criminal Acts." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/951.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, animal cruelty has stirred into the limelight as society has given the issue further consideration. State and federal laws as well as the establishment of diverse non-governmental organizations exist to abate animal cruelty, but such institutions have lagged in creating effective control mechanisms in spite of the growth of this modern day pandemic. This thesis will discuss animal cruelty, the types of cruelty, legislative developments, correlation of animal cruelty to violence among humans, and ways to strengthen control mechanisms. Credible findings have indicated a propensity for offenders of animal cruelty to escalate their acts of violence towards a human. Although animal cruelty has made a modest impression on society, a significant segment of our population nevertheless shares the belief that animals are property lacking a holistic set of basic rights, which in turn perpetuates egregious forms of abuse towards animals. Said abuses will be thoroughly reviewed in this thesis with the intent of bringing a collective consciousness to the reader of the extensive types of abuses animals are subjugated to by some of the most heinous offenders. Then, a discussion will proceed of the hoisting impact animal cruelty has in galvanizing violence towards humans. By meticulously analyzing a variety of empirical research showing the overarching effects of animal cruelty as well as by analyzing state and federal laws that have been hindered tepid enforcement control mechanisms over the years, this thesis will argue for an overhaul of enforcement mechanisms so as to cause broader circumvention of animal cruelty. While research shows that there has been a growth in awareness by another significant segment of the population as to gravity of the situation dealing with the mistreatment of animals in our society, there still remains insufficient societal awareness and governmental power to abundantly curtail this imminent problem. Only when society is enlightened with the dangers of animal cruelty and how it can have dire undulating effects within the community, will substantial advancements be made to give animals the wide spectrum of rights they deserve. After conveying the societal necessity for change in constructively protecting animals, a discussion will ensue on the inadequacy of animal laws today. Then, a discussion will proceed on ways to strengthen animal rights in a manner that is reflective of the general cultural norms and values in this modern age. It is the intent of this thesis to affect change and begin a constructive discourse in society of how to mend the preceding errors of prior generations when dealing with animal abuse. While for a significant segment of the population the merit of such argumentation may rest solely in the notion that animals deserve certain basic rights, this thesis widens the purview of consciousness with the empirically-proven affirmation that animal violence can potentially lead to attacks against humans by people who progressively engage in anti-social acts. Thus, the nexus between admonishable violent acts and sanctionable criminal acts is intrinsically intertwined in the notion that animal abuse is a potential precursor to human abuse. In this light, even that segment of the population apathetic towards the plight of animals may not refute the importance of impugning any and all admonishable violent acts against animals into the realm of punitive criminal sanctions orchestrated by a governmental body empowered with seeking the common good--for to otherwise refute animal rights through this newly-endowed lens would be to refute human rights as well.B.A. and B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
20
Gouliouris, Theodore. "The relative importance of human and animal sources of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in immunocompromised patients in hospital." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288742.
Full textAbstract:
Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infection, disproportionally affecting immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Despite infection control measures, rates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREfm) bacteraemias have failed to decline in the United Kingdom, and Cambridge University Hospitals (CUH) report the highest numbers nationally. The aims of my PhD were to use epidemiological and genomic surveillance data to establish risk factors for acquisition and infection with E. faecium in patients at CUH, and to use a One Health approach to consider possible sources for hospital patients by relating bloodstream-associated isolates with those cultured from livestock and the environment in the same geographic region. A retrospective matched nested case control study was performed to determine risk factors for VRE bacteraemia relating to antibiotic exposure. 235 cases were matched to 220 controls for length of admission, year, specialty and ward type. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that duration of exposure to parenteral vancomycin, fluoroquinolones and meropenem were independently associated with VRE bacteraemia. This provides evidence for the importance of antimicrobial stewardship targeting high-risk antibiotics in patients at risk of VRE bacteraemia. VREfm bacteraemia may be complicated by disease recurrence. Whole genome sequencing was used to distinguish between relapse and reinfection in 14 episodes of recurrent VREfm bacteraemia. This demonstrated that 10 (71%) episodes were due to reinfection with a new strain, with reinfection being more likely with increasing time between two positive cultures. This study also evaluated 9 patients with blood cultures positive for both VREfm and vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEfm), the majority (78%) of which were found to be unrelated strains. More than half of all study isolates from these two patient groups were closely related to another isolate causing bacteraemia at CUH, suggesting that hospital acquisition of VREfm is a driver for infection and recurrence. A cross-sectional study of E. faecium in raw and treated wastewater from 20 municipal water treatment plants across the East of England revealed widespread dissemination of healthcare-associated lineages of VREfm in all sampled locations including rural areas, and environmental release in treated wastewater in 17/20 locations. Wastewater isolates were genetically intermixed with isolates causing bacteraemia at CUH, including highly related isolates indicating recent transmission between the two reservoirs. These findings are consistent with widespread distribution of healthcare-associated VREfm in community populations. A One Health approach incorporating sampling from livestock (10 pork, 10 cattle, 9 poultry farms) detected no VREfm in animals whilst 2 independent meat surveys demonstrated VREfm in 1-2% of uncooked products. Genomic comparison of >1400 E. faecium isolates from livestock, meat, wastewater and almost 800 people with bloodstream infection demonstrated that livestock and human isolates were genetically distinct. Analysis of the accessory genome added further evidence for distinct gene content associated with niche adaptation. An analysis of mobile genes encoding antibiotic resistance revealed limited evidence of sharing between human and animal populations. A prospective longitudinal study in haematology patients at CUH over 6 months revealed high rates of VREfm carriage (63% of cases) and environmental contamination (49% of samples). Genomic analysis elucidated complex colonisation dynamics with frequent loss and acquisition of subtypes, including unsuspected acquisition of new VREfm subtypes in patients already colonised with VREfm, and multiple transmission chains involving patients and the environment, including some leading to bacteraemia. These findings highlight the shortcomings of infection control and environmental cleaning and provide the basis for revised interventions.
21
Dimaggio, Eveleen Irene, and Nicole Renee Hughes. "The effects of pet ownership and attachment on caregivers' mental health." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2846.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project was to examine whether or not caregivers who own pets experience less loneliness, depression, anxiety and stress as compared to caregivers who do not own pets. Quantitative data was obtained through a sample survey of 150 random caregivers served by Inland Caregiver Resource Center (ICRC). Qualitative data was obtained through five open-ended questions included in the survey. The study found a significant increase in loneliness among caregivers who own pets.
22
Stamer, William Daniel 1964. "Characterization of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors and aquaporin-1 water channels in the human eye." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282123.
Full textAbstract:
In most cells, water moves across the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. However, there are specialized epithelia, such as the kidney proximal tubules, that secrete or absorb water faster than simple diffusion predicts. While the identification of a proteinacious pore that transports water was elusive for many years, the recent discovery of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) provides a molecular mechanism for the extraordinarily high permeability to water of epithelial cells in these tissues. Like the kidney, the human eye has several epithelial-lined structures that have a high permeability to water. One of these structures, the ciliary process, secretes aqueous humor (comprised mostly of water) into the eye and is regulated therapeutically by activating α₂-adrenergic receptors (α₂-AR) on its plasma membrane. The studies presented in this dissertation are structured to address four specific aims that were designed to test the hypothesis that the AQP-1 water channels are present in the human eye and are functionally regulated by α₂-ARs. Specific aim 1 characterized the distribution of AQP-1 in the human eye by immunofluorescence microscopy using affinity purified antibodies against purified AQP-1 protein. Using standard techniques in molecular biology, specific aim 2 generated antibodies to three fusion proteins; each containing a specific region of AQP-1. After screening several cell lines from the eye and the kidney with anti-AQP-1 and anti-α₂-AR IgY, specific aim 3 identified a cell line, human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells, that contains both the AQP-1 water channels and α₂-ARs. Lastly, specific aim 4 investigated the functional relationship between the α₂-ARs and AQP-1 water channels. Using HTM cells as a model, the activation of α₂-ARs did not measurably affect AQP-1 messenger RNA or AQP-1 protein levels as compared to control. However, since the α₂-ARs primarily couple to cyclic AMP (cAMP) and several other aquaporins are regulated by cAMP, the effect of cAMP on AQP-1 was investigated. Using Xenopus oocytes expressing AQP-1 as a model, stimulation of oocytes with forskolin, a drug which increases intracellular cAMP, increased the permeability of AQP-1 to water. This observation provided evidence that is consistent with the general hypothesis that AQP-1 water channels and α₂-ARs are functionally coupled.
23
Xu, Li Jing. "Oxygen and lung development in newborn rats and chick embryos." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61955.
Full text
24
Nimmermark, Sven. "Odour impact : odour release, dispersion and influence on human well-being with specific focus on animal production /." Alnarp : Dept. of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology (JBT), Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a494.pdf.
Full text
25
Clarey, Bryan R. "Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Hazards, Environmental and Health Risks as the Latent Products of Late Modernity." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1427.
Full textAbstract:
CAFOs raise tens of thousands of animals in confined cages and feedlots, feed them high calorie diets, and ship them to slaughter in record time. These factory farms (as they are sometimes called) devastate neighboring environments with the releases of toxic methane gas and animal waste. Progress in modernized agricultural production has enabled us to feed the growing population but unintended consequences for human health and neighboring communities are happening. This study examines environmental and human health impacts of CAFOs on Central Mississippi residents. Through analyses of existing studies and data and telephone surveys, the objectives will be met. Risk society theory is used to explain the increase of diseases and environmental risks associated with CAFOs in late modernity. The results do not indicate that neighboring residents of CAFOs in Central Mississippi are more likely to have ill health, a negative quality of life, or environmental degradation, overall.
26
PALUMBO, ROBERTA. "HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF MYCOTOXIN MIXTURES IN MAIZE: FROM FUNGAL PRODUCTION AND OCCURRENCE TO HARMONISED RISK CHARACTERISATION." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/73545.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is the principal staple food/feed crop exposed to mycotoxins, and the co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins and their metabolites has been well documented. Dietary (co)-exposure to mycotoxins is associated with human and animal health concerns as well as economic losses. The present thesis aims to apply a holistic approach for the risk assessment of mycotoxin mixtures in food and feed, i.e. from fungal production and occurrence to harmonised risk characterisation. This was done in three folds. Firstly, available environmental, ecological, and agronomic factors that may affect the relative abundance of co-occurring mycotoxins in the contaminated crops were collected from peer-reviewed literature, with focus on maize (Chapter I). Secondly, (co-)occurrence data on mycotoxins in core cereals was extracted from available articles in the scientific literature and analysed to estimate potential pattern of co-exposure in humans and animals (Chapter II). Finally, Chapter III investigates the applicability of the EFSA guidance to multiple mycotoxins through a scenario of possible co-exposure in humans and animals, using maize as a case study. In particular, a human and animal risk assessment to mycotoxin mixture in maize was conducted using a modelled component-based approach for selected mixture of mycotoxins, that, according to our data, co-occur in maize based feed and food products.Maize is the principal staple food/feed crop exposed to mycotoxins, and the co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins and their metabolites has been well documented. Dietary (co)-exposure to mycotoxins is associated with human and animal health concerns as well as economic losses. The present thesis aims to apply a holistic approach for the risk assessment of mycotoxin mixtures in food and feed, i.e. from fungal production and occurrence to harmonised risk characterisation. This was done in three folds. Firstly, available environmental, ecological, and agronomic factors that may affect the relative abundance of co-occurring mycotoxins in the contaminated crops were collected from peer-reviewed literature, with focus on maize (Chapter I). Secondly, (co-)occurrence data on mycotoxins in core cereals was extracted from available articles in the scientific literature and analysed to estimate potential pattern of co-exposure in humans and animals (Chapter II). Finally, Chapter III investigates the applicability of the EFSA guidance to multiple mycotoxins through a scenario of possible co-exposure in humans and animals, using maize as a case study. In particular, a human and animal risk assessment to mycotoxin mixture in maize was conducted using a modelled component-based approach for selected mixture of mycotoxins, that, according to our data, co-occur in maize based feed and food products.
27
Carmody, Petrina Rosamund. "Investigating the views of farmers, experts and the public about issues with implications for human health and animal health / welfare : the organophosphate sheep dip case study." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402790.
Full text
28
Ranu, Hardeep Kaur. "#beta#-adrenoceptor desensitisation and resensitisation in ventricular myocytes from human and animal hearts." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287381.
Full text
29
McGinley, Susan. "Heat Shock Proteins: Developing a Tool to Fight Human and Animal Disease." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622176.
Full text
30
Middlebrook, Aaron J. "Nicotine and TNF alpha, modulators of T cell signaling-effects on T cell development in fetal thymus organ culture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280628.
Full textAbstract:
T cell development is regulated by signals generated in the interactions between developing thymocytes and the thymic stroma. Using fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) as a model of T cell development, we investigated the ability of two potent signal modulators to influence this process. These studies show that both nicotine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha have the ability to influence T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and the maturational capacity of treated cultures. FTOC treated with low concentrations of nicotine produced more immature T cells and fewer mature T cells. These expanded populations of cells also expressed CD69, CD95 (FAS) and elevated levels of recombinase activating genes (RAG). This phenotype reflects the fact that these cells have received a positive selection signal, are for apoptosis and are likely attempting secondary TCR rearrangements. Nicotine effects were partially blocked by the nicotinic antagonist, d-tubocurarine. Furthermore, d-tubocurarine alone blocked the development of T cells entirely, suggesting the presence of an endogenous ligand that may engage nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and regulate normal thymopoeisis. These observations underscore the linkage between the nervous and the immune systems, not only in terms of shared resources, but also in terms of direct interactions between these two systems. In another study we used FTOC and an associated in vitro Type 1 diabetes mellitus model to reconcile the role of TNF-alpha in thymopoiesis with its role in diabetes. Our data indicate that thymocytes from NOD FTOC express lower levels of TNF receptors and produce more TNF-alpha compared to non-diabetic C57BL/6 (B6) FTOC. Neutralization of endogenous TNF-alpha in NOD FTOC with a soluble TNF receptor (sTNF R1) rescued insulin production in our in vitro diabetes model. NOD FTOC treated with TNF-alpha produced greater numbers of mature T cells and a higher percentage of cells expressing CD95L (Fas ligand). Treatment with sTNF R1 had the opposite effect. TNF-alpha's known ability to attenuate TCR signaling coupled with these observations suggest that its overproduction in these animals may be driving T cells to maturity, altering the process of negative selection and ultimately enhancing the survival of potentially diabetogenic T cells resulting in disease susceptibility in these animals.
31
Kunicki, Suzanne. "The effect of age on the accumulation of amyloidogenic peptides in the human brain and cerebrospinal fluid." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36995.pdf.
Full text
32
Southerland, E. Marie. "A Study of the Effects of Pet Ownership on Mental Health among Community-Dwelling Senior Citizens in Northeast Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2046.
Full textAbstract:
This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between pet ownership, attachment, and psychological health among community-dwelling senior citizens and evaluated the impact of the placement of an aquarium into a regional senior center. General health, depression, social support, pet attitudes, pet attachment, pet relationships, and attitudes about the aquarium were assessed among 104 members of a senior center.
Symptoms of depression were identified in 17.3% of the participants. Pets were a significant form of social support and attachment to pet owners. No significant relationship was observed between pet ownership, pet attachment, and psychological health. Positive health effects were reported among participants who observed the fish aquarium.
While the relationship between pet ownership, human-animal interactions, and psychological well-being remains unclear, it appears that older adults can benefit from animal-assisted activities and therapy programs. Animal-assisted activities and therapy programs may be useful adjunctive therapies for depression in community-dwelling senior citizens.
33
Araghi-Niknam, Moshen 1960. "Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in aged humans and C57BL/6 mice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282417.
Full textAbstract:
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a major adrenal hormone, with known accepted function. In both animals and humans low DHEA and DHEA-sulfate levels are associated with a number of problems in the aging: immunosenescence, increased mortality, increased incidence of several cancers, loss of sleep, decreased feelings of well-being, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and premature death. DHEA hormone replacement in aged mice significantly normalized immunosenescence suggesting that this hormone plays a key role in aging and stimulating immune regulation in mice. Similarly osteoclasts and lymphoid cells, were stimulated by DHEA replacement which should delay osteoporosis. Recent studies do not support the original suggestion that low serum DHEA levels were associated with Alzheimer's and other losses of mental function in aged people. As DHEA modulates energy metabolism low levels should affect lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis, increasing the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Most of the actions of DHEA restoration are hypothesized from epidemiological or animal model studies and need to be tested in human trials. Those conducted in humans show essentially no toxicity of DHEA treatment at levels restoring serum DHEAS levels without evidence of altering some aging physiological systems. Thus DHEA is a steroid whose deficiency could facilitate development of some diseases common to the aged. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS) are steroids, synthesized from cholesterol (Fig. 1.1). While DHEA is secreted primarily by the adrenal gland in larger quantities than any other adrenal steroid including cortisol, the precise functions of DHEA and DHEAS in humans are not known (1-5). The decline of DHEAS levels during aging is parallel to development of immunosensecence, an inability to conserve protein, a physical frailty, decreased muscle mass, an increased fat mass, decreased ability to cope, disrupted sleep patterns and increased incidence of disease. Thus DHEAS serves as a marker of aging in humans. While the precise biological functions of DHEA and DHEAS are not known, both animal and human studies suggest some hypotheses while dispelling others. Therefore key physiological dysfunctions are investigated here to determine biological relationships which participate in the declining blood levels of DHEA with age.
34
Milani-Nejad, Nima. "Regulation of Cardiac Contraction in Health and Disease: Studies from Animal Models to Humans." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397225239.
Full text
35
Van, Rooyen Jacques. "Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60128.
Full textAbstract:
Development of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa depends, among other, on
the ability of stakeholders to find practical and sustainable solutions for wildlife‐livestock integration in
the conservation landscape. Due to the presence of buffalo Syncerus caffer in most of the TFCAs in
southern Africa, foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) has to be controlled in susceptible livestock species
sharing the rangelands with wildlife. Conventional FMD control measures act as an additional burden
on communal livestock producers and may hamper rural development and wildlife‐livestock integration
even further. However, commodity‐based trade in the form of an integrated approach to the control
of both food safety and disease risk along the entire beef value chain has been proposed as a more
favourable alternative for ensuring market access for beef produced at the wildlife‐livestock interface.
Such a non‐geographic based approach could allow for trade to continue despite high risk of FMD if
appropriate disease risk and food safety measures are implemented by farmers and subsequent role
players along the value chain and hence, could promote greater wildlife‐livestock compatibility.The objective of the present study was to analyse beef production, health and trade systems of farmers at the wildlife‐livestock interface within foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) protection zones in order to identify challenges, risks and limitations that may limit compliance with proposed commodity‐based trade prerequisites as well as value chain participation. Based on the findings of this study a holistic, integrated approach is proposed at the village level that could be implemented to serve as an incentive for equitable participation by farmers whilst 1) addressing the risks and limitations of a farming system, 2) ensuring greater wildlife‐livestock compatibility, and 3) promote consistent market access by fulfilling the requirements of an integrated value chain approach based on commodity‐based trade standards.
A farming systems approach was used to investigate beef production, health and trade systems in FMD protection zones mainly within the Zambezi Region (ZR) of Namibia, which is situated within the KAZA TFCA (Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area), but also the Mnisi study area (MSA) in South Africa adjacent to the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA). A combined qualitative and quantitative approach was used to assess and describe farmers’ perceptions in selected study areas about beef production, trade, and wildlife conservation. Secondary data obtained from state veterinary services, the Meatco abattoir in Katima Mulilo, as well as previous studies were analysed and modelled to describe spatial‐temporal trends in trade as well as cattle distribution in relation to resource availability.
The results indicate that beef production systems in some of the most remote areas of the ZR as well as in the MSA resemble a typical low‐input low‐output production system, mainly due to the high level of risk farmers had to cope with and the limited opportunity to offset losses. The major challenges within livestock farming in all the areas studied were animal diseases, grazing competition, predation, stock theft and contact with wildlife, although the importance of each varied between study areas. Herd size effect in the MSA significantly explained the variation in attitude towards trade, production and management of cattle between farmers with below average and farmers with above average herd sizes. In the MSA, home slaughter contributed significantly more to direct household food security in households with larger herd sizes than in households with smaller herd sizes, and in the ZR farmers with smaller herd sizes were discouraged from participation in formal trade.
The attitudes and perceptions of farmers In the ZR towards wildlife and conservation often varied between survey areas as a consequence of the variation in the geophysical properties of the landscape, proximity to conservation areas, as well as the form of the interface with conservation areas. The perceived spatial‐temporal movement of buffalo varied between survey areas in the ZR. However, the frequency and nature of buffalo‐cattle interaction was generally high and intimate. Most farmers associated buffalo with risk of disease, especially FMD, but some were more concerned about grazing competition and the negative effect on husbandry practises. Farmers readily deployed traditional risk mitigation tactics in the form of kraaling at night and herding at day to control the movement of their animals and to reduce risks. Herding was found to be a potential strategy to specifically mitigate cattlebuffalo contact despite the lack of evidence that an overall strategic approach to herding exist. Although the majority of farmers in the ZR were in favour of conservation and its benefits, the negative impact of increasing wildlife numbers on farmers’ attitudes was an indication that the generally positive sentiment was changing and may in future deter conservation efforts.
Indications are that the cattle population in the ZR at its estimated density and distribution had reached the ecological capacity of the natural resource base in the ZR and animal performance and survival was therefore subjected to increased variability in resource availability linked to climate change. The cattle population’s existence at ecological capacity and the inability of farmers to offset the loss of condition in the dry season with supplementary feed were reflected in the changes in carcass quality and grades across seasons. However, there was sufficient forage produced in the ZR to sustain animal performance to some extent throughout the year, but those areas with surplus forage existed beyond the assumed grazing range around villages and perennial rivers where most cattle and wildlife concentrate. The future ability of farmers to access such underutilised grazing resources in order to strategically counter the negative consequences of climate change and growing wildlife numbers could be an important coping and risk management mechanism linked to commodity‐based trade and sustained animal quality.
Regular FMD outbreaks had a significant impact on the consistency with which the Meatco abattoir in the ZR operated between the years 2007‐2011, with negative consequences to both farmers and the abattoir itself. It was found that the formal trade system in the ZR discriminated against farmers with below average herd sizes, and that the disposition held by farmers with smaller herd sizes are most significant in areas further than approximately 55km away from quarantine camps. Vegetation type and possible contact with buffalo or previous FMD outbreaks in the area did not significantly affect market participation nor off‐take rates at a crush‐pen level in the ZR. The negative effect that distance from a quarantine station had on formal off‐take rate and the level of sales to Meatco at crush‐pen level, was the most significant in the winter months and crush‐pens situated beyond 55km from a quarantine station. The results indicate that the trade range of the Meatco abattoir was less than its trade threshold which contributed to its struggle to sustain throughput and profitability.
Finally the loss of income farmers experienced in both the ZR and the MSA during simultaneous FMD outbreaks in the year 2012 was quantified, as well as the impact it had on livelihoods in the ZR. A commodity‐based trade approach may have reduced the impact on farmers’ income significantly. However, we farmers are unable to comply with the proposed requirements for mitigating risk and ensuring food safety and quality in such communal systems in the absence of interventions to build the necessary capacity and awareness. It is recommended that at the wildlife‐livestock interface such as those investigated in this study, an integrated value chain approach to trade could serve as a catalyst to incentivise and enable farmer participation in holistic, integrated rangeland and livestock management practises that will promote conservation and rural development.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
University of Pretoria
National Research Foundation of South Africa
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
PhD
Unrestricted
36
Byrd, Alyson. "Evidence for a receptor binding 24R, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in developing bone." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21519.
Full textAbstract:
Although 24R,25(OH)2D3 has been implicated in bone development, its biological role and mechanism of action remain controversial. In search for evidence of a receptor, nuclear and cytosol extracts were isolated from mandibles and calvaria of E17.5 mice. Competition and saturation analysis identified a saturable, specific and high affinity (Kd=1.1nM) 24R,25(OH) 2D3 binding-protein. The results of these and sucrose sedimentation studies indicate that this protein is not vitamin D receptor (VDR) or vitamin D binding protein (DBP). Tissue specificity experiments suggest that this putative receptor is also present in liver but not brain.pBDGal4-hRXRalpha bait was used to screen neonate and embryonal mandible/calvaria cDNA libraries using the yeast two-hybrid system. PCR screening was also performed using primers from the zinc-finger region of the VDR. To date no positive clones have been identified. Isolation of this putative receptor will provide valuable insight into the mechanism of this metabolite's role in bone development.
37
Lutz, Eric Anthony. "Human and Animal Exposure to Airborne Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Laboratory Evaluations and Veterinary Hospital Pilot Study." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276101615.
Full text
38
Pelland, Lucie. "Strategies for motor control analysis in children." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37808.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the research described in this thesis is to further our understanding of the motor control strategies that are available to the child when learning to produce meaningful interactions with environmental surfaces. The principal aim is to explore the analytical techniques that could be used to evaluate the range of neuromechanical responses for the lower limb that would provide stability at the limb/environment interface during growth and development. Five studies are presented that provide both experimental data and theoretical perspectives that were coalesced in the formulation of a general model for the control of stability at the limb/environment interface. The first study presents an analytical technique that was devised to classify the spatial-temporal organization of the surface myoelectric activity into one of three distinct patterns: Burst, Tonic, and Tonic Burst. This classification permits the matching between the pattern of muscle activity and the kinematic and kinetic control of the ground contact phase of landing. In the second, and companion paper, different distributions of the Burst, Tonic, and Tonic Burst patterns across the muscles of the lower limb were associated with three mechanical responses of the limb to ground contact. Mechanically, the three limb responses show a progression toward an effective control of stability at the limb/environment interface and it was therefore proposed that the distribution of activity patterns could reflect the priorities of system at different stages of growth and development. The results support our hypothesis that more complex movements can be executed when the limits of stability are maximized. Study three presents a formal model for the control of stability at the limb/environment interface. The model was further applied to propose new theoretical approaches that could be used in the clinical milieu, shifting the focus of the evaluation to the range of feasible movements that would be available
39
Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander. "Ecology and Epidemiology of Human Pathogen Clostridium difficile in Foods, Food Animals and Wildlife." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313582304.
Full text
40
Bainbridge, Melissa Lee. "Enhancing The Content Of Bioactive Fatty Acids In Bovine Milk For Human Health Promotion And Disease Prevention." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/695.
Full textAbstract:
Consumer awareness of the link between dietary fats and health outcomes has led to increased demand for food products enriched with bioactive fatty acids (FA). Ruminant-derived fats, such as dairy fats, contribute significantly to the American diet and contain many unique beneficial FA, such as short- and medium-chain FA, n-3 FA, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), vaccenic acid (VA), as well as odd-and branched-chain FA (OBCFA). Increasing these FA in dairy products by altering farm management practices, such as breed, lactation stage, and nutrition, may improve human health without a change to the diet. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to evaluate on-farm strategies to increase the content of bioactive FA in bovine milk.
The first objective was to enrich milk fat with bioactive FA via supplementation with echium oil, a terrestrial oil rich in n-3 FA. Treatments were 1.5% and 3.0% dry matter as lipid encapsulated echium oil (EEO) which were compared to a control (no EEO). Milk fat contents of n-3 FA increased with EEO supplementation but the transfer of n-3 FA from EEO into milk fat was rather low (< 5%). In a subsequent trial, ruminal protection of EEO and post-ruminal release of EEO-derived FA was examined. EEO-derived FA were preferentially incorporated into plasma lipid fractions unavailable to the mammary gland. Moreover, fecal excretion of EEO-derived FA ranged from 7-14% of intake, and VA and CLA, the biohydrogenation and metabolism products of n-3 FA, increased in milk and feces with EEO supplementation. Therefore, lipid-encapsulation provided inadequate digestibility and low transfer efficiency of n-3 FA into milk. The second objective was to compare the bacterial community structure and unique bioactive FA in bacterial membranes and milk fat between Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE), and HO x JE crossbreeds (CB) across a lactation. Lactation stage had a prominent effect on rumen bacterial taxa, with Firmicutes being most abundant during early lactation. The FA composition of bacterial cells was affected by both lactation stage and genetics, and OBCFA in bacterial cells were positively correlated with several bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum. HO and CB exhibited greater contents of various bioactive FA in milk than JE. The highest content of all bioactive FA occurred at early lactation, while OBCFA were highest at late lactation. The third objective was to determine the effects of grazing a monoculture vs. a diverse pasture on rumen bacterial and protozoal taxa, their membrane FA composition, and milk FA. Microbial communities shifted in response to grazing regime accompanied with changes in their membrane FA profiles. Rumen microbiota from cows grazing a diverse pasture had higher contents of n-3 FA and VA, but lower contents of OBCFA. Microbial membrane FA correlated with microbial taxa, the contents of ALA and n-3 FA were positively correlated with the bacterial genus Butyrivibrio and the protozoal genus Eudioplodinium. Milk contents of CLA and n-3 FA increased when cows grazed a diverse pasture, while grazing a monoculture led to greater milk contents of OBCFA.
In conclusion, grazing cows on a diverse pasture, when compared to genetic effects and lipid supplementation, was the most efficacious strategy to increase the content of bioactive FA in milk.
41
Thompson, Anne. "The Benefits of Animal-Assisted Interventions: Perceptions of Social Workers Working with Veterans." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/901.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence-based practices utilized by social workers working with veterans experiencing physical (e.g., spinal cord injuries and loss of limbs) and/or mental health (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use) issues are widely used with this vulnerable population. The number of social workers integrating animal-assisted interventions (AAI) or animal-assisted therapy (AAT) as a complementary intervention to these practices is extremely limited. A significant amount of research has been published on AAI and AAT, yet there is a gap in research regarding AAI and AAT as effective complementary approaches when working with veterans.
The qualitative method utilized in this study was interviews in which MSWs and LCSWs were asked to share personal experiences while employed at veteran-supported agencies and/or non-profit organizations. The qualitative method of interviews and content analysis were used to help identify the themes and sub-themes of this study. The themes and sub-themes supported the phrases and statements drawn from the seven interviews conducted for this study. Findings supported in this study addressed the value of the human-animal bond, how integrating AAI and AAT with evidence-based practices can assist the veteran in improving quality of life (e.g., a decrease in social isolation, increase in social activity, decrease in substance use), and how important it is to recognize the need to provide the education in this field to social workers. Findings from this study can help to provide the foundation for future research, can underscore the value of offering and integrating AAI and AAT education into more MSW programs, and can contribute to establishing policy where those who can benefit by AAI and AAT are given access to it.
42
Mueller, Ranell L. "OLDER ADULT MEN’S EMOTIONAL BONDS WITH THEIR DOGS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gerontol_etds/14.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of the deeper meanings of attachment to companion animals is limited, particularly in terms of older adults. This study employed a modified grounded theory method, a phenomenological lens and a life course perspective to gather and analyze data garnered from individual interviews and panel discussions in order to investigate the multiple dimensions of older adult men’s relationships with their companion animal dogs. Individual audio-recorded in-depth interviews and repeated panel discussions with a sub-group of the participants, convened as a panel over a three-month period, explored behavioral and emotional manifestations of attachment and the emotional bond to their companion animal dogs and the changing nature of that attachment and bond over their life span. Analysis involved open, axial and selective coding of transcripts to reveal underlying patterns within the data. Outcomes included movement toward a theory of companion animal attachment for older adult men as well as insight into the role of dogs in development of older adult men’s identities. This dissertation offers insight into the deeper understanding of the human-animal bond resulting in enhancing quality of life for both older adult male pet owners and their companion animal dogs.
43
Satake, Fernanda Michele. "Água e o manejo ambiental como fatores de risco para saúde humana e saúde animal em propriedades rurais /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94634.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luiz Augusto do AmaralBanca: Antonella Cristina Bliska Jacintho
Banca: Angela Cleusa de Fátima Banzatto de Carvalho
Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer a qualidade da água, os tipos e as características das fontes de água de abastecimento humano e animal e o manejo ambiental em propriedades rurais situadas na Microbacia do Córrego Rico, Jaboticabal - SP. Foram analisados parâmetros microbiológicos, que incluíram o Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli (EC) e contagem de microrganismos mesófilos; parâmetros físico-químicos, como teores de nitrato, turbidez e cor; além do levantamento sócio-ambiental, realizado por meio de entrevista. As amostras foram colhidas nos dois regimes pluviométricos e nenhuma diferença foi encontrada entre os parâmetros analisados. 93,1% e 65,51% da água das fontes de abastecimento estavam fora dos padrões de potabilidade para coliformes totais e EC respectivamente. Da mesma forma, 86,20% e 51,72% das amostras de consumo humano estavam em desacordo com os mesmos padrões de potabilidade. A alta porcentagem de propriedades que não atendem a pelo menos um dos padrões de potabilidade exigidos pela legislação mostra que a água utilizada no meio rural é de extremo risco à saúde humana e animal especialmente quando se constata que a maioria dos proprietários não considera sua água como causadora de enfermidades ou de baixa qualidade. É necessária uma ação urgente no sentido de melhorar e preservar a qualidade da água dessas propriedades, e conseqüentemente da Microbacia, para que seja possível diminuir o risco de ocorrência de enfermidades de veiculação hídrica no meio rural.
Abstract: The present research was carried out with the aim of screening the water quality, types and characteristics of human and animal water sources and the environmental management from rural farms located in Córrego Rico watershed, Jaboticabal - SP. Microbiological parameters were analyzed, such as Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms, Escherichia coli (EC) and mesophylic microorganism counting; physical-chemistry parameters such as nitrate, turbidity and color; besides social environment survey trough interview. The samples were collected during the two pluviometric periods and no difference was found between the parameters analyzed. 93,1% e 65,51% from water sources were beyond the potability standards for total coliforms and EC respectively. The same results were found in human consumption samples, where 86,20% e 51,72% were beyond the same potability standards. The high percentage of properties that do not attend at least one of the potability standards demanded by legislation shows that the water utilized in rural areas is extremely risk to human and animal health, especially when is verified that most of the farmers do not consider their water as cause of illness or with low quality. A urgent action is necessary in order to improve and preserve the water quality from this properties, and consequently from the watershed, then it would be possible to decrease the risk of occurrence water-carried-disease in rural areas.
Mestre
44
Milliken, Laura Ann 1970. "Bone mineral density, bone remodeling, insulin-like growth factors, hormone replacement therapy, and exercise training in postmenopausal women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282746.
Full textAbstract:
Osteoporosis is a condition of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) resulting in an increased susceptibility to bone fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 12 months of weight bearing and resistance exercise on BMD, bone formation, measured by serum osteocalcin (OC) and bone resorption, measured by urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (Dpd), in 2 groups of postmenopausal women who were either taking or not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Secondary aims were to characterize the changes in insulin-like growth factors-l and -2 (IGF-l and -2) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in response to exercise training, and to determine the contribution of these growth factors in predicting changes in bone mineral density in the 2 populations of postmenopausal women. Women who were three to ten years postmenopausal and aged 40-65 years were included in the study. Women in HRT and no HRT groups were randomized into the exercise intervention resulting in four groups: (1) women not taking HRT, not exercising; (2) women taking HRT, not exercising; (3) women exercising, not taking HRT; and (4) women exercising, taking HRT. The number of subjects per group after one year was 27, 21, 25, and 16, respectively. Exercise training and HRT increase BMD similarly at most BMD sites whereas the combination of exercise and HRT produced increases in BMD greater than either treatment alone. Bone remodeling was surpressed in the groups taking HRT regardless of exercise status. The bone remodeling response to exercise training in women not taking HRT was not significantly different from those not exercising but the direction of change suggests an elevation in bone remodeling in response to exercise training. Exercise training does not stimulate a change in IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1:IGF-2, and IGFBP3. Markers of bone remodeling and IGF-1 are significant predictors of BMD changes but the overall amount of variation in BMD changes accounted for is low. Exercise and HRT status were significant predictors of changes in BMD even after accounting for variation due to bone remodeling indicating that bone changes are regulated by factors not addressed in this study.
45
Vergne, Timothée. "Les méthodes de capture-recapture pour évaluer les systèmes de surveillance des maladies animales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764769.
Full textAbstract:
Résumé : Les méthodes de capture-recapture servent à décrire l'état d'une population et les processus qui en sous-tendent la dynamique, lorsque les méthodes d'observation et de détection de cette population sont imparfaites. En surveillance des maladies infectieuses, elles peuvent simplement être utilisées pour estimer la taille totale de la population infectée par un pathogène et estimer quantitativement la sensibilité du système de surveillance de ce pathogène. Bien qu'exploitées très largement dans le domaine de la santé publique pour répondre à cet objectif, l'utilisation des méthodes de capture-recapture (CR) en surveillance des maladies infectieuses animales peut être considérée comme récente. Parce que le contexte de surveillance des maladies animales est nettement différent de celui de la surveillance des maladies humaines, des questions demeurent quant à l'intérêt et aux limites de ces méthodes pour estimer la sensibilité des systèmes de surveillance des maladies animales. Pour tenter de répondre à ces questions, nous avons identifié quatre systèmes de surveillance différents par leur complexité, leur efficacité et leur maladie d'intérêt : nous avons retenu les systèmes de surveillance de la fièvre aphteuse au Cambodge, de l'influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (IAHP) H5N1 en Egypte, de la tremblante ovine en France et de l'IAHP H5N1 en Thaïlande. Pour chacun de ces systèmes de surveillance, nous avons déterminé le modèle de CR le plus adapté compte tenu des données générées (respectivement le modèle de CR à deux sources, le modèle log-linéaire à 4 sources, le modèle de comptage tronqué en zéro et le modèle de comptage enflé en zéro). Pour chaque application, nous avons donc estimé le nombre total d'unités épidémiologiques non détectées par les systèmes de surveillance considérés ce qui nous a permis d'apprécier la sensibilité de chaque système de surveillance considéré. Il est ressorti de ces applications que les méthodes de capture-recapture sont relativement faciles à conduire et qu'elles permettent à faible coût d'estimer l'importance réelle d'une maladie sur un territoire quand celle-ci est surveillée de manière imparfaite. Il semble cependant que les pratiques de surveillance et de contrôle des maladies animales limitent les applications à l'échelle de l'animal, et nécessitent d'élargir l'unité épidémiologique à une échelle supérieure (troupeau, commune, etc...). Cet élargissement introduit de nouvelles contraintes (notamment l'hétérogénéité d'abondance) qu'il est nécessaire de prendre en compte pour ne pas biaiser les estimations finales. Ce travail propose des perspectives d'application en épidémiologie descriptive, ainsi que des perspectives méthodologiques de recherche en statistique et en modélisation.
46
Van, Zyl Henriette Louise. "Undertaking to care and to protect : The experience of killing healthy homeless animals in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013577.
Full textAbstract:
Although animal welfare workers overwhelmingly describe themselves as animal lovers the exigencies of day to day animal welfare work often require that they perform euthanasia of healthy animals as part of welfare shelter management, and animal population control. In this research study, the particular burdens placed upon seven South Animal welfare workers who are required to rescue, care for, nurture and rehabilitate the animals in their care; while simultaneously being required to kill these same – often physically and behaviourally healthy - animals after a specific period of time, or in response to various logistical, procedural and practical intricacies, ranging from lack of space and resources to an unavailability of suitable homes; are explored from an interpretative phenomenological approach using the Interpretative Phenomenological Method (IPA), and from a South African perspective. It was found that animal-loving individuals engaged in the care and subsequent euthanasia of healthy animals report experiencing profound personal, interpersonal and professional and ideological (dis)stress related to guilt, sorrow, moral unease and horror. Four themes emerged from interview data, which are discussed in relation to relevant research and literature. Experiences in a South African context were found to be very much aligned with those reported in previous research and literature pertaining to this topic. In particular, it was found that there is a need to articulate specifically, and precisely the nature of the act. It is proposed that the term “Agapéthanasia” would be appropriate and useful in this field.
47
Harbron, Janetta. "The association between genotype and BMI, health and lifestyle indicators as well as weight loss outcomes in overweight/obese Caucasian adults." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6478.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD (Physiological Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.Includes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Genetic screening to improve obesity treatment outcomes is available despite the lack of conclusive evidence, specifically for Caucasian South Africans, in this regard. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genotype (seven polymorphisms) and body mass index (BMI), health and lifestyle indicators in a cross-sectional sample of overweight/obese Caucasian adults (n=133), as well as the association between genotype and weight loss outcomes following an intervention (n=88) using a quasi experimental study design (time-series). The intervention consisted of a 24-week conservative weight loss programme that included dietary, physical activity and behavioural components. The primary null hypothesis for the cross-sectional sample, namely that there is no association between genotype and BMI, has not been rejected. A number of the secondary/exploratory hypotheses were rejected of which the most plausible associations (based on support by the literature and a physiological basis for the findng) are: 1) the mutant TT homozygotes of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism may have a higher risk to develop the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as they had significantly higher fasting triglyceride and glucose levels, a higher number of traits that met the diagnostic cut-off criteria for MetS and higher number of these subjects was diagnosed with MetS compared to the wild-type C-allele carriers; and 2) subjects with mutant alleles of either the FTO rs1421085 or rs17817449 polymorphisms may have poorer eating behaviours (a higher rigid control, habitual and emotional disinhibition, perceived hunger and internal locus for hunger) and higher intake of high-fat foods. The primary null hypothesis for the intervention sample, namely that there is no association between genotype and weight loss outcome, was not rejected for the FABP2 Ala54Thr, INSIG2 rs7566605, FTO rs1421085, ADRB3 Trp64Arg and GNB3 C825T polymorphisms. However, it was rejected in some instances indicating the following associations: 1) The wild-type TT homozygotes of the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism lost significantly more weight during the first two months of the program compared to the mutant allele carriers (this is a novel finding); 2) The wild-type Arg16Arg homozygotes of the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism lost significantly more weight during the first month of the program compared to the mutant allele carriers (this finding is supported by one other intervention study); 3) Subjects with a mutant C-allele of the INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism and a mutant Gly16-allele of the ADRB2 Arg16Gly polymorphism lost significantly less weight over the six month intervention period (this is a novel genegene interaction finding). A number of secondary/exploratory hypotheses were rejected, of which the most plausible finding include that the improvement in emotional disinhibition in the wild-type TT subjects of the FTO rs1421085 polymorphism was associated with a more pronounced decrease in BMI over the six month weight loss period. The integration of the results from this study with the literature indicates that there is insufficient evidence at this stage for genetic screening of the polymorphisms investigated in this study and the provision of evidence-based personalized recommendations for weight loss in obese individuals. It is recommended that these associations should be viewed as priority in future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Genetiese sifting om die resultate van vetsug behandeling te verbeter is beskikbaar ten spyte van ‘n tekort aan genoegsame bewyse, spesifiek ten opsigte van Kaukasiërs van Suid-Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die assosiasie tussen genotipe (sewe polimorfismes) en liggaamsmassa indeks (LMI), gesondheid en lewenstyl indikatore in ‘n dwarssnit (cross-sectional) steekproef van oorgewig/vetsugtige Kaukasiër volwassenes (n=133) te ondersoek, asook die assosiasie tussen genotipe en gewigsverlies uitkomste na afloop van ‘n intervensie (n=88) in ‘n kwasi-eksperimentele studie ontwerp (tydreeks). Die intervensie het bestaan uit ‘n 24-week konserwatiewe gewigsverlies program met dieet, fisieke aktiwiteit en gedragskomponente. Die primêre nul hipotese vir die dwarsnit steekproef, naamlik dat daar geen assosiasie tussen genotipe en LMI is nie, is nie verwerp nie. ‘n Aantal sekondêre/spekulatiewe hipotesis is verwerp waarvan die mees geloofwaardige assosiasies (gebasseer op ondersteuning van die literatuur en ‘n fisiologiese basis vir die bevinding) die volgende insluit: 1) die mutante TT homosigote van die GNB3 C825T polimorfisme het moontlik ‘n hoër risiko vir die ontwikkeling van die metaboliese sindroom (MetS) aangesien hulle betekenisvolle hoër vastende trigliseriede en glukose vlakke gehad het, ‘n grooter aantal kenmerke gehad het wat aan die diagnostiese afsnykriteria vir MetS voldoen en ‘n grooter aantal van hierdie persone was met MetS gediagnoseer in vergelyking met die wilde-tipe C-alleel draers; en 2) persone met die mutante allele van die FTO rs1421085 of rs17817449 polimorfismes het moontlik ‘n swakker eetgedrag (‘n hoër rigiede kontrole, gewoonte en emosionele disinhibisie, waarneembare honger en interne lokus van honger) en ‘n hoër inname van hoë-vet voedsel. Die primêre nul hipotese vir die intervensie steekproef, naamlik dat daar geen assosiasie tussen genotipe en gewigsverlies uitkomste is nie, is nie vir die FABP2 Ala54Thr, INSIG2 rs7566605, FTO rs1421085, ADRB3 Trp64Arg en GNB3 C825T polimorfismes verwerp nie. Dit was egter in sommige gevalle vir die volgende assosiasies verwerp: 1) Die wilde-tipe TT homosigote van die FTO rs17817449 polimorfisme het betekenisvol meer gewig in die eerste twee maande van die program verloor in vergelyking met die mutante alleel draers (dit is ‘n nuwe bevinding); 2) Die wilde-tipe Arg16Arg homosigote van die ADRB2 Arg16Gly polimorfisme het betekenisvol meer gewig gedurende die eerste maand van die program verloor in vergelyking met die mutante alleel draers (hierdie bevinding word ondersteun deur een ander intervensie studie); 3) Persone met ‘n mutante C-alleel van die INSIG2 rs7566605 polimorfisme en ‘n mutante Gly16-allele van die ADRB2 Arg16Gly polimorfisme het minder gewig tydens die ses maande intervensie periode verloor (dit is ‘n nuwe geen-geen interaksie bevinding). ‘n Aantal sekondêre/ spekulatiewe hipoteses is verwerp, waarvan die mees geloofwaardigste bevinding insluit dat ‘n verbetering in emosionele disinhibisie van die wild-tipe TT persone van die FTO rs1421085 polimorfisme geassosieer was met ‘n meer prominente daling in LMI oor die ses maande gewigsverlies periode. Die integrasie van die resultate van hierdie navorsing met die literatuur dui aan dat daar op hierdie stadium onvoldoende bewyse vir genetiese sifting en die voorsiening van bewys-gebasseerde persoonlike aanbevelings vir gewigsverlies in vetsugtig individue bestaan vir die polimorfismes wat ondersoek is. Dit word aanbeveel dat hierdie assosiasies as prioriteit in toekomstige navorsing beskou moet word.
48
Reyskens, Kathleen Maria Simone Elise. "The maladaptive effects of HIV protease inhibitors (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) on the rat heart." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85782.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although antiretroviral treatment decreases HIV-AIDS morbidity/mortality, long-term effects include onset of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Increased oxidative stress and dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are implicated in protease-inhibitor (PI)-mediated cardio-metabolic pathophysiology. We hypothesized that PI treatment (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) elevates myocardial oxidative stress and concomitantly inhibits the UPS, thereby attenuating cardiac function. Lopinavir/Ritonavir was dissolved in 1% ethanol (vehicle) and injected into mini-osmotic pumps that were surgically implanted into Wistar rats for eight weeks vs. vehicle and sham controls. Subsequently, we evaluated metabolic parameters and heart function (ex vivo and in vivo methods) at baseline and following ischemia-reperfusion. PI-treated rats exhibited weight gain, increased serum LDL-cholesterol, higher tissue triglycerides (heart, liver), but no evidence of insulin resistance. It also upregulated hepatic gene expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase β and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase, key regulators of fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis, respectively. Further, PI-treated hearts displayed impaired UPS, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and unaltered superoxide levels, and elevated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) peptide levels. Perfusion data revealed contractile dysfunction at baseline and following ischemia-reperfusion, while post-ischemic hearts exhibited decreased ATPase specific activity vs. matched controls. Early changes initiated by PI treatment resemble the metabolic syndrome and reflect a pre-atherogenic profile. Moreover, the effects of PIs on cardiac contractile function may in part be triggered by impaired UPS activity together with strain on the mitochondrial energetic system. Our study alerts to cardio-metabolic side effects of PI treatment and raises the question of the most appropriate co-therapies for patients on chronic antiretroviral treatment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel anti-retrovirale behandeling MIV-VIGS morbiditeit/mortaliteit verlaag, bestaan daar langtermyn effekte soos die aanvang van insulienweerstandigheid en kardiovaskulêre siektes. Verhoogde oksidatiewe stres en wanregulering van die ubikwitien-proteosoomsisteem (UPS) word geïmpliseer met protease-inhibeerder (PI) gemediëerde kardio-metaboliese patofisiologie. Ons hipotetiseer dat PI behandeling (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) miokardiale oksidatiewe stres verhoog, en gevolglik die UPS inhibeer waardeur dit kardiale funksie verander. Lopinavir/Ritonavir is in 1% etanol (draer) opgelos en in ‘n mini-osmotiese pomp ingespuit wat chirurgies in Wistar rottes ingeplant is vir agt weke vs. draer en valskontroles. Gevolglik het ons die metabolise parameters en hartfunksie (ex vivo en in vivo metodes) op basislyn en na afloop van ischemie-reperfusie ondersoek. PI-behandelde rotte het ‘n toename in massa getoon asook verhoogde serum LDL-cholesterol, hoër weefseltrigliseriede (hart, lewer), maar geen bewys van insulienweerstandigheid nie. Dit het ook hepatiese asetielko-ensiem A karboksilase β en 3-hidrokise-3-metielglutariel KoA reduktase geenuidrukking opwaarts gereguleer, wat sleutel reguleerders van vetsuuroksidasie en cholesterolsintese onderskeidelik is. Verder, het PI-behandelde harte ingeperkte UPS, verhoogde SOD aktiwiteit en onveranderde superoksiedvlakke vertoon, asook verhoogde peroksisoomproliferator-geaktiveerde reseptor-γ ko-aktiveerder 1-α (PGC-1α) peptiedvlakke. Perfusie data toon kontraktiele wanfunskionering gedurende basislyn en na afloop van ischemie-reperfussie, terwyl post-ischemiese harte verlaagde ATPase spesifieke aktiwiteit vs gepaarde kontrole vertoon. Vroeë veranderinge wat deur PI behandeling veroorsaak word, kom ooreen met die metabolise sindroom en reflekteer op ‘n pre-aterogeniese profiel. Bowendien kan die effekte van PIs op kardiale kontraktiele funksie deels veroorsaak word deur die ingeperkte UPS aktiwiteit tesame met die las op die mitochondriale energie sisteem. Ons studie waarsku teen kardio-metaboliese newe effekte met PI behandeling en rig die vraag; wat die mees gepaste ko-behandeling vir pasiënte op chroniese anti-retrovirale behandeling is.
49
Lopes, Soraia Adriana Costa. "Correlação entre a saúde mental, bem-estar subjetivo, antropomorfismo do titular, quantidade e tipo de atividades partilhadas com a personalidade do cão (Canis lupus familiaris)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21240.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs canídeos (Canis lupus familiaris) têm ganho cada vez mais importância entre a população portuguesa. Por muitos, estes são considerados “os melhores amigos dos homens”, uma vez que, existe entre eles, um estreito vínculo emocional e afetivo. Isto não surpreende, uma vez que, as duas espécies coabitam e interagem fortemente desde há, pelo menos, milhares de anos atrás. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar se existe alguma correlação entre a Saúde Mental, o Bem-Estar Subjetivo (felicidade) e o Antropomorfismo do titular em relação ao respetivo animal de companhia que, neste caso, é o cão e o tipo de personalidade que este apresenta. Também pretendemos averiguar se o tipo de personalidade do animal seria afetado pela quantidade e tipo de atividades partilhadas entre o ser humano e o animal. Para isso, foi elaborado um questionário para a caracterização do titular e do seu animal, fazendo a avaliação: a) da Saúde Mental do primeiro através da PHQ-9 e da EADH; b) do Bem-Estar Subjetivo através da SWBS e da SWLS; c) do comportamento de Antropomorfismo com uma escala realizada em parte pelos autores deste estudo; d) da personalidade do animal através da Escala Dog Big Five. No total foram recolhidos 113 questionários no Hospital Escolar da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), aquando da visita dos titulares com o respetivo canídeo para consultas de rotina. Como principais resultados observou-se que, variáveis como a Saúde Mental do titular, Bem-Estar Subjetivo, Antropomorfismo, o tipo de atividade e a quantidade de tempo que o ser humano despende com o animal, influenciam significativamente a personalidade deste. Assim podemos sugerir que, o comportamento do animal, também está relacionado com a interação com o titular.
ABSTRACT - Canids (Canis lupus familiaris) have gained increasingly more importance among the Portuguese population. For many, they are considered as “men’s best friend” due to the close, emotional and affective bond between both. This is not surprising as both species have cohabited and interacted strongly for, at least, thousands of years. The present study aims to verify whether there is any correlation between Mental Health, Subjective Well-Being (happiness) and the Anthropomorphism of the owner concerning its pet, which, in this case, is the dog and the type of personality presented by the latter. We also aimed to investigate if the animal's personality type would be affected by the amount and type of activities shared between human and animal. For this, a questionnaire was drawn to characterize the owner and its animal in order to be able to assess a) Mental Health of the first through PHQ-9 and EADH; b) Subjective Well-Being through SWBS and SWLS; c) The behaviour of Anthropomorphism with a scale performed in part by the author of this study; d) The personality of the animal through the Dog Big Five Scale. In total, 113 questionnaires were assembled at the School Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Lisbon (ULisboa), during the visit of the owners with their canid for routine consultations. As main results, it was observed that variables such as the owner's Mental Health, Subjective Well-Being, Anthropomorphism, the type of activity and the amount of time that the human being spends with the animal, significantly, influence its personality. Therefore, we can suggest that the animal's behaviour is also related to the interaction with the owner.
N/A
50
Mwacalimba, Kennedy Kapala. "Pandemic preparedness and multi-sectoral zoonosis risk management : a case study of avian and human influenza prevention and control policy development across the sectors of animal health, public health and trade in Zambia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2011. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646545/.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging zoonoses have unique consequences for the animal health, public health and trade sectors. This study examined the links between policy. zoonoses, and risk in Zambia and assessed the feasibility of a World Organisation for Animal Health (OlE) risk analysis in informing risk management in this context. The research was a qualitative case study drawing on: in-depth interviews with key informants; informal interviews; documentary review and observation. Snowball sampling was used to select informants directly involved in avian (H5Nl) and human influenza policy development and/or livestock trade policy implementation at national level. A chronology of avian and human influenza policy development in Zambia over the period 2005-2009 was constructed. Policy process and interpretivist policy analysis theories guided analysis. In this resource-constrained setting, external international agendas were found to have considerable influence on policy. National stakeholders initially framed H5Nl as an imminent threat and largely animal health problem. This prioritized the involvement of health and agricultural actors in the policy process and excluded those from trade and other key sectors. H5Nl was a plausible threat to agriculture, and a potential threat to human health, but perceptions of risk presented real economic repercussions for the poultry industry. Despite challenges in coordinating the policy response, the policy process had tangible benefits for Zambia in terms of pandemic preparedness and for raising the profile of the previously underrecognised poultry industry. This study suggests the weighing of both local policy and ecological configurations in assessment of risk and the design of zoonotic disease mitigation policies. While feasible, the merits of an OlE risk analysis in informing policy development in this context would be enhanced by a careful consideration and inclusion of policy processes. An objective and discursive approach to analysis of risk, appropriately communicated to stakeholders, would improve collaboration in disease management across sectors.