Journal articles: 'Human and animal health'

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Arkow, P. "Animal and human health." Veterinary Record 157, no. 24 (December 10, 2005): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.157.24.783-b.

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Salter, A. M. "Animal fats and human health." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013727.

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In 1991 it was recommended that total fat intake in the UK should be reduced to a population average of less that 33% of total daily energy intake and that saturated fatty acids should contribute no more than 10% of total energy (Department of Health, 1991). A further recommendation was that the intake of trans fatty acids should not exceed 2% of total energy. These recommendations were made primarily on the basis of the influence of fatty acids on plasma cholesterol and thereby on the development of cardiovascular disease. While associations of fat intake with other chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity and diabetes have also been suggested, it was felt that there was insufficient evidence to make specific recommendations on the basis of such claims. A reduction in saturated fat intake has remained a central target of public health nutrition within the United Kingdom ever since. Despite concerted efforts, particularly throughout the 1990s., to achieve these targets little progress has been made. In 2000, total fat intake remained at 38% and saturated fatty acid intake at 15% (DEFRA, 2001).

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RÓŻEWICZ, Marcin, Elżbieta BOMBIK, Alina JANOCHA, Katarzyna ŁAGOWSKA, and Małgorzata BEDNARCZYK. "DIOXINS – THEIR INFLUENCE ON HUMAN HEALTH AND THE CONTAMINATION OF PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 328, no. 39 (December 5, 2016): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2016.39.3.16.

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Rabinowitz, Peter, and Lisa Conti. "Links Among Human Health, Animal Health, and Ecosystem Health." Annual Review of Public Health 34, no. 1 (March 18, 2013): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114426.

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Tagg, K. "Human health, animal health, and ecosystems are interconnected." BMJ 347, aug14 4 (August 14, 2013): f4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f4979.

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Dawe, C. J. "Implications of aquatic animal health for human health." Environmental Health Perspectives 86 (June 1990): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9086245.

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Wieler, Lothar H. "“One Health” – Linking human, animal and environmental health." International Journal of Medical Microbiology 304, no. 7 (October 2014): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.014.

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Bovenkerk, Bernice, Joost van Herten, and Marcel Verweij. "The Animal Factor in Human Health." American Journal of Bioethics 17, no. 9 (August 22, 2017): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2017.1353171.

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Abrahamson, David. "Health and the human/animal relationship." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 10 (October 1990): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.10.625.

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Hogrefe, Christine. "Immune Health: The Animal-Human Connection." Allergy & Clinical Immunology International - Journal of the World Allergy Organization 17, no. 05 (2005): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0838-1925.17.5.212.

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Schramm, Elisabeth, Karin Hediger, and Undine E. Lang. "From Animal Behavior to Human Health." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 223, no. 3 (July 2015): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000220.

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Abstract. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been shown to be effective in recent meta-analyses with an improvement of mental health, quality of life, and a decrease in the sense of isolation. Reduction of depressive symptoms in human beings is one of the most beneficial outcomes of AAT. For relapse prevention in depression, conventional mindfulness programs such as mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy(MBCT) proved to be useful, but are often difficult to learn and produce high dropout rates in high risk patients. For this patient group, the teaching of mindfulness skills was facilitated by using sheep in an open pilot study. Six partially or unstable remitted patients with early trauma participated in eight group sessions of a nature and animal-assisted mindfulness training. The approach was feasible and highly accepted by participants with no dropouts. The results show a decrease of depressive symptoms and rumination, an improvement of overall mindfulness skills, but not of acceptance skills. Further studies using randomized controlled designs are warranted.

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Goldberg, Alan M. "Farm Animal Welfare and Human Health." Current Environmental Health Reports 3, no. 3 (June 25, 2016): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40572-016-0097-9.

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Gochfeld, Michael. "Human-Animal Medicine." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, no. 11 (November 2010): 1139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181f8da91.

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Bertoni, Giuseppe. "Human, Animal and Planet Health for Complete Sustainability." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051301.

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In order to discuss the concepts of animal health and sustainability, we must remind ourselves that ASF (animal source foods) can play a large role in human health, but that animals are assumed to have a negative role in the environment. Indeed, ASF can compromise human health, both in excess and in deficiency, so a proper amount of them is important. In addition, the environmental impact of farmed animals: land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use and water utilization, acidification and eutrophication, must be minimized by reducing ASF consumption, as well as by increasing productivity. To achieve this, besides genetics, feeding and good management, the hygienic-sanitary and comfort conditions that ensure good health and welfare are essential. Impaired animal health can cause zoonosis and food-borne diseases and be responsible for economic and socio-economic losses (lower production-productivity and profitability) with consequential effects on the planet’s health too, and there are big differences between developing and developed countries. In the former, a prevalence of endemic infectious diseases and parasites is observed, and there is a lack of tools to restrain them; in the latter there is a decline of the above diseases, but an increase of stress-related diseases. Their reduction is equally important but requires a different strategy. In developing countries, the strategy should be to facilitate the availability of prevention and treatment means, while in developed countries it is necessary to use drugs correctly (to reduce residues, especially antimicrobials which are associated with important resistance risks to antibiotics) and improve the living conditions of animals (welfare).

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Hoy-Gerlach, Janet, Martha Delgado, Heather Sloane, and Phil Arkow. "Rediscovering connections between animal welfare and human welfare: Creating social work internships at a humane society." Journal of Social Work 19, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017318760775.

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Summary Within a narrative of how two distinct graduate social work internship placements at a humane society were structured and implemented, we address: (1) historic and contemporary rationales for social work roles in humane society settings, (2) development of social work field placements in a humane society, and (3) specific social work learning opportunities afforded. Findings The first petition for removal of a child due to abuse in the United States occurred in 1874 through efforts of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals director. While child protection services have evolved since then, numerous aspects of human–animal interaction are relevant to social work: social support roles of animals, connections between violence toward animals and violence toward humans, therapeutic benefits of animals, companion animal loss, and compassion fatigue among animal shelter and veterinary staff. Encompassing such HAI aspects, we describe the development of two distinct internship placements at a humane society. One placement entailed a twofold focus on: reduction of staff compassion fatigue and development of an Emotional Support Animal placement program (the Hope and Recovery Pet Program); the other placement focused on aspects of the connection between violence toward animals and violence toward people. Applications Aspects of these social work placements can be modified and replicated in humane societies and related settings. Increased awareness of the potential relevance of human–animal interaction across social work practice settings allows for explicit identification of/response to clients’ human–animal interaction-related strengths and concerns, ultimately supporting the well-being of both humans and animals.

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Overgaauw, Paul A. M., Claudia M. Vinke, Marjan A. E. van Hagen, and Len J. A. Lipman. "A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113789.

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Over time the human–animal bond has been changed. For instance, the role of pets has changed from work animals (protecting houses, catching mice) to animals with a social function, giving companionship. Pets can be important for the physical and mental health of their owners but may also transmit zoonotic infections. The One Health initiative is a worldwide strategy for expanding collaborations in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and the environment. However, in One Health communications the role of particularly dogs and cats is often underestimated. Objective: Evaluation of positive and negative One Health issues of the human–companion animal relationship with a focus on zoonotic aspects of cats and dogs in industrialized countries. Method: Literature review. Results: Pets undoubtedly have a positive effect on human health, while owners are increasing aware of pet’s health and welfare. The changing attitude of humans with regard to pets and their environment can also lead to negative effects such as changes in feeding practices, extreme breeding, and behavioral problems, and anthropozoonoses. For the human, there may be a higher risk of the transmission of zoonotic infections due to trends such as sleeping with pets, allowing pets to lick the face or wounds, bite accidents, keeping exotic animals, the importation of rescue dogs, and soil contact. Conclusions: One Health issues need frequently re-evaluated as the close human–animal relationship with pet animals can totally differ compared to decennia ago. Because of the changed human–companion animal bond, recommendations regarding responsible pet-ownership, including normal hygienic practices, responsible breeding, feeding, housing, and mental and physical challenges conforming the biology of the animal are required. Education can be performed by vets and physicians as part of the One Health concept.

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Houdebine, L.-M. "Use of Transgenic Animals to Improve Human Health and Animal Production." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 40, no. 4 (August 2005): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2005.00596.x.

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Boyce, Matthew R., Ellen P. Carlin, Jordan Schermerhorn, and Claire J. Standley. "A One Health Approach for Guinea Worm Disease Control: Scope and Opportunities." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040159.

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Guinea worm disease (GWD) is a neglected tropical disease that was targeted for eradication several decades ago because of its limited geographical distribution, predictable seasonality, straightforward diagnosis, and exclusive infection of humans. However, a growing body of evidence challenges this last attribute and suggests that GWD can affect both humans and animal populations. The One Health approach emphasizes the relatedness of human, animal, and environmental health. We reviewed epidemiological evidence that could support the utility of a One Health approach for GWD control in the six countries that have reported human GWD cases since 2015—Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan. Human GWD cases have dramatically declined, but recent years have seen a gradual increase in human case counts, cases in new geographies, and a rapidly growing number of animal infections. Taken together, these suggest a need for an adjusted approach for eradicating GWD using a framework rooted in One Health, dedicated to improving disease surveillance and in animals; pinpointing the dominant routes of infection in animals; elucidating the disease burden in animals; determining transmission risk factors among animals and from animals to humans; and identifying practical ways to foster horizontal and multidisciplinary approaches.

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Cockburn, Andrew, Gianfranco Brambilla, Maria-Luisa Fernández, Davide Arcella, Luisa R. Bordajandi, Bruce Cottrill, Carlos van Peteghem, and Jean-Lou Dorne. "Nitrite in feed: From Animal health to human health." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 270, no. 3 (August 2013): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2010.11.008.

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20

Carson, Lynn. "The Animal/Human Bond." American Journal of Health Education 37, no. 6 (November 2006): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2006.10598928.

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21

Wahdan, M. H. "Public health aspects of human and animal spongiform encephalopathies." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1996.2.1.73.

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This group of re-emerging human and animal diseases has recently attracted much attention, as well as concern, both in the scientific world and among the general public. In this paper the various public health aspects of these diseases are discussed. The epidemiology, both in human beings and animals, has been reviewed and the causative agents described. Diagnosis, pathology, prevention and control are addressed, showing how the risk to animals and human beings could be minimized

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Gautam, Aasish, Krishna Kaphle, Birendra Shrestha, and Samiksha Phuyal. "Susceptibility to SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 from animal health perspective." Open Veterinary Journal 10, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i2.6.

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Viruses are having great time as they seem to have bogged humans down. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are the three major coronaviruses of present-day global human and animal health concern. COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is identified as the newest disease, presumably of bat origin. Different theories on the evolution of viruses are in circulation, yet there is no denying the fact that the animal source is the skeleton. The whole world is witnessing the terror of the COVID-19 pandemic that is following the same path of SARS and MERS, and seems to be more severe. In addition to humans, several species of animals are reported to have been infected with these life-threatening viruses. The possible routes of transmission and their zoonotic potentialities are the subjects of intense research. This review article aims to overview the link of all these three deadly coronaviruses among animals along with their phylogenic evolution and cross-species transmission. This is essential since animals as pets or food are said to pose some risk, and their better understanding is a must in order to prepare a possible plan for future havoc in both human and animal health. Although COVID-19 is causing a human health hazard globally, its reporting in animals are limited compared to SARS and MERS. Non-human primates and carnivores are most susceptible to SARS-coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, whereas the dromedary camel is susceptible to MERS-coronavirus. Phylogenetically, the trio viruses are reported to have originated from bats and have special capacity to undergo mutation and genomic recombination in order to infect humans through its reservoir or replication host. However, it is difficult to analyze how the genomic pattern of coronaviruses occurs. Thus,increased possibility of new virus-variants infecting humans and animals in the upcoming days seems to be the biggest challenge for the future of the world. One health approach is portrayed as our best way ahead, and understanding the animal dimension will go a long way in formulating such preparedness plans. Keywords: Animal health, COVID-19, Cross-species, One health, Trio coronaviruses.

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Dorn, C. Richard, and Gay Y. Miller. "Use of Epidemiological and Toxicological Observations in Domestic and Wild Animal Populations for Evaluating Human Health Risks." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 15, no. 2 (December 1987): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298701500204.

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Domesticated and wild animal populations are important resources in evaluating human health risks. Animals not only share man's environment, but some of them are also part of the human food chain. Three examples of monitoring the health of animal populations and using these data in evaluating human health risk were reviewed. A study of horses, cattle and wildlife in a Missouri lead mining and smelting area revealed that horses were sensitive indicators of environmental lead contamination; they developed clinical signs of lead poisoning and died, while other animal species in the same area did not exhibit signs of illness. Although they did not appear ill, cattle in the same area had liver and kidney lead concentrations that were higher than tolerance levels established in England, Wales and Canada. Wildlife such as bullfrogs, muskrats, and greenbacked herons collected downstream from an old lead mining area had significantly higher lead and cadmium levels than either upstream samples or comparable downstream samples collected at a new lead mining area. Some of these data were used in a court trial which resulted in the lead company buying the farmland so that humans and domestic animals would not be exposed. Another study of municipal sludge application on Ohio farms did not reveal excess illness rates for either livestock or humans living on farms receiving the sludge, as compared with those on control farms. However, cattle were more sensitive than humans as early indicators of low level exposure to toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. Also, calves on sludge-receiving farms accumulated cadmium and lead in their kidneys. The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS), currently in a pilot stage in eight states, is another example of the use of animal populations to evaluate human health risk. Information from NAHMS about zoonotic infections, use of drugs in food producing animals and diseases common to both animals and man, provide a better understanding of human disease. Population-based animal studies are desirable adjuncts to laboratory animal studies in assessing human health risk due to environmental exposure.

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Huff, James. "Animal and Human Carcinogens." Environmental Health Perspectives 107, no. 7 (July 1999): A341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3434380.

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Rasetti-Escargueil, Christine, Emmanuel Lemichez, and Michel R. Popoff. "Public Health Risk Associated with Botulism as Foodborne Zoonoses." Toxins 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010017.

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Botulism is a rare but severe neurological disease in man and animals that is caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridium botulinum and atypical strains from other Clostridium and non-Clostridium species. BoNTs are divided into more than seven toxinotypes based on neutralization with specific corresponding antisera, and each toxinotype is subdivided into subtypes according to amino acid sequence variations. Animal species show variable sensitivity to the different BoNT toxinotypes. Thereby, naturally acquired animal botulism is mainly due to BoNT/C, D and the mosaic variants CD and DC, BoNT/CD being more prevalent in birds and BoNT/DC in cattle, whereas human botulism is more frequently in the types A, B and E, and to a lower extent, F. Botulism is not a contagious disease, since there is no direct transmission from diseased animals or man to a healthy subject. Botulism occurs via the environment, notably from food contaminated with C. botulinum spores and preserved in conditions favorable for C. botulinum growth and toxin production. The high prevalence of botulism types C, D and variants DC and CD in farmed and wild birds, and to a lower extent in cattle, raises the risk of transmission to human beings. However, human botulism is much rarer than animal botulism, and botulism types C and D are exceptional in humans. Only 15 cases or suspected cases of botulism type C and one outbreak of botulism type D have been reported in humans to date. In contrast, animal healthy carriers of C. botulinum group II, such as C. botulinum type E in fish of the northern hemisphere, and C. botulinum B4 in pigs, represent a more prevalent risk of botulism transmission to human subjects. Less common botulism types in animals but at risk of transmission to humans, can sporadically be observed, such as botulism type E in farmed chickens in France (1998–2002), botulism type B in cattle in The Netherlands (1977–1979), botulism types A and B in horses, or botulism type A in dairy cows (Egypt, 1976). In most cases, human and animal botulisms have distinct origins, and cross transmissions between animals and human beings are rather rare, accidental events. But, due to the severity of this disease, human and animal botulism requires a careful surveillance.

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SCHELLING, E., H. GRETER, H. KESSELY, M. F. ABAKAR, B. N. NGANDOLO, L. CRUMP, B. BOLD, et al. "Human and animal health surveys among pastoralists." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 35, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.35.2.2547.

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27

Rowan, Andrew N., and Alan M. Beck. "The Health Benefits of Human-Animal Interactions." Anthrozoös 7, no. 2 (June 1994): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279394787001916.

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Fink-Gremmels, J. "Animal health: Ecological and human risk assessment." Toxicology Letters 205 (August 2011): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1022.

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29

Haesen, Sophie, Esther Schelling, Solveig Danielsen, and Eric Boa. "Synergies between Human, Animal and Plant Health." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-3-30-20.

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30

Brown, Hannah, and Alex M. Nading. "Introduction: Human Animal Health in Medical Anthropology." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 33, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maq.12488.

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31

Cox, Louis Anthony (Tony), Douglas A. Popken, and Richard Carnevale. "Quantifying Human Health Risks from Animal Antimicrobials." Interfaces 37, no. 1 (February 2007): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.1060.0275.

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32

Hewson, Caroline J., and Tim Lang. "Human and animal health: strengthening the links." BMJ 331, no. 7527 (November 24, 2005): 1268.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1268.

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Salisbury, Robert. "Human and animal health: strengthening the links." BMJ 331, no. 7527 (November 24, 2005): 1268.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1268-a.

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Bagshaw, Hadley, and Roger Bagshaw. "Human and animal health: strengthening the links." BMJ 331, no. 7527 (November 24, 2005): 1269.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1269.

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De Keuster, Tiny C. B. M. "Human and animal health: strengthening the links." BMJ 331, no. 7527 (November 24, 2005): 1269.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1269-a.

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Rinaldi, Andrea. "Tackling animal diseases to protect human health." EMBO reports 14, no. 1 (December 11, 2012): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/embor.2012.201.

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Woodman, R. "Overuse of animal antibiotics threatens human health." BMJ 319, no. 7209 (August 28, 1999): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7209.536.

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Nargund, Vrinda N. "Human Health Safety of Animal Feeds Workshop." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 12 (December 2004): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.040987.

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Potter, Polyxeni. ""One Medicine" for Animal and Human Health." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 12 (December 2004): 2269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1012.ac1012.

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Woodman, Richard. "Overuse of animal antibiotics threatens human health." BMJ 319, Suppl S4 (October 1, 1999): 9910359a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.9910359a.

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Albihn, Ann. "Recycling Biowaste – Human and Animal Health Problems." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 43, Suppl 1 (2002): S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-43-s1-s69.

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Voigt, J., and L. Borysiewicz. "Uniting research into human and animal health." Veterinary Record 166, no. 13 (March 27, 2010): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.c1659.

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Betts, J. "Uniting research into human and animal health." Veterinary Record 166, no. 14 (April 3, 2010): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.c1687.

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LeBlanc, Raeann G. "THE HUMAN-ANIMAL BOND: SOCIAL NETWORK COMPOSITIONS, ANIMAL COMPANIONS, AND HEALTH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.726.

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Abstract Animal companionship has been found to be positively related to health, though less is known about the features of social networks that include animal companions and how these relate to health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social network composition including animal companionship and health. A mixed methods cross-sectional descriptive, correlation study design was used. Eighty-nine people age sixty-five and older, living in the community, managing multiple chronic conditions, participated in telephone interviews. Animal companionship was common (42.7%) among the sample (66% lived alone) with at least one animal companion (M=1.57, SD=.903) and associated with improved health function (IADL scores) (r=.234, p=.028). Animal companionship correlated positively with health (SF12 General Health Scores) (r=.210, p=.048). Animal companionship is an important feature in social networks of older people that influences health. Social supports maintain these relationships and the animal human bond.

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FRIEDMAN, E., and C. A. KRAUSE-PARELLO. "Companion animals and human health: benefits, challenges, and the road ahead for human–animal interaction." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 37, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.37.1.2741.

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Tumram, Nilesh Keshav, Vipul N. Ambade, and Pradeep G. Dixit. "Human fatalities caused by animal attacks: A six-year autopsy study." Medico-Legal Journal 85, no. 4 (April 26, 2017): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817217707166.

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Deaths caused by animal attacks in urban as well as rural areas are rising. With dwindling forest cover and with more interaction of animals with humans in day-to-day life, we need to understand the reasons, manner and causes of these fatal events. We studied 151 cases of fatal animal/human conflicts and in particular, the manner and mechanism of causation of injuries with respect to different types of animals. In this region there were more fatal snake bites followed by cattle attacks. Humans are at some risk while in the vicinity of animals whether in the wild or in human settlements. Human/animal conflicts occur due to reducing habitat for animals and the demands of humans. One must be aware of the potential dangers from animals and as a health care provider it is our duty to educate the public at large. They need to be cautious when around animals, seek medical care after an animal injury and wear protective equipment when working around or with animals.

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Rabinowitz, Peter M., Matthew L. Scotch, and Lisa A. Conti. "Animals as Sentinels: Using Comparative Medicine To Move Beyond the Laboratory." ILAR Journal 51, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.51.3.262.

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Abstract The comparative medicine approach, as applied to the study of laboratory animals for the betterment of human health, has resulted in important medical and scientific progress. Much of what is known about the human health risks of many toxic and infectious hazards present in the environment derives from experimental studies in animals and observational (epidemiological) studies of exposed human populations. Yet there is a third source of “in vivo” knowledge about host-environment interactions that may be underused and -explored: the study of diseases in naturally occurring animal populations that may signal potential human health threats. Just as canaries warned coal miners of the risk of toxic gases, other nonhuman animals, due to their greater susceptibility, environmental exposure, or shorter life span, may serve as “sentinels” for human environmental health hazards. Traditionally, communication between human and animal health professionals about cross-species sentinel events has been limited, but progress in comparative genomics, animal epidemiology, and bioinformatics can now provide an enhanced forum for such communication. The “One Health” concept involves moving toward a comparative clinical approach that considers “shared risks” between humans and animals and promotes greater cooperation and collaboration between human and animal health professionals to identify and reduce such risks. In doing so, it also creates new opportunities for the field of comparative medicine that can supplement traditional laboratory animal research.

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AKHTAR, AYSHA. "The Flaws and Human Harms of Animal Experimentation." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24, no. 4 (September 14, 2015): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180115000079.

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Abstract:Nonhuman animal (“animal”) experimentation is typically defended by arguments that it is reliable, that animals provide sufficiently good models of human biology and diseases to yield relevant information, and that, consequently, its use provides major human health benefits. I demonstrate that a growing body of scientific literature critically assessing the validity of animal experimentation generally (and animal modeling specifically) raises important concerns about its reliability and predictive value for human outcomes and for understanding human physiology. The unreliability of animal experimentation across a wide range of areas undermines scientific arguments in favor of the practice. Additionally, I show how animal experimentation often significantly harms humans through misleading safety studies, potential abandonment of effective therapeutics, and direction of resources away from more effective testing methods. The resulting evidence suggests that the collective harms and costs to humans from animal experimentation outweigh potential benefits and that resources would be better invested in developing human-based testing methods.

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Savoini, G., G. Farina, V. Dell’Orto, and D. Cattaneo. "Through ruminant nutrition to human health: role of fatty acids." Advances in Animal Biosciences 7, no. 2 (October 2016): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470016000133.

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In the last decades, a new awareness on human nutrition has increased and the concept of ‘food’ has changed from ‘source of nutrients for body’s needs’ to ‘health promoter’. Fruits and vegetables have always been considered beneficial for human health. More recent studies have demonstrated that bioactive components are also present in animal-derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. A broader concept of ‘nutritional safety’ implies the knowledge of how the nutrients contained in animal-derived foods positively affect human health, and how to increase their content. The improvement of dairy products fatty acid (FA) composition can involve strategies in animal nutrition. This review aims to discuss the role of FAs supplementation in ameliorating milk fat composition, environmental impact and animal health. In particular, we have focused on the role of n-3 and CLA FAs and how animal nutrition strategies can positively affect both human and animal health. Several studies have demonstrated that through adequate nutritional strategies is possible to manipulate and improve FA composition of milk and derived products (cheese). Moreover, feeding animals with n-3 FAs has proved to reduce emission of methane (CH4), but further nutritional strategies are needed in order to address this crucial environmental issue. In relation to animal health, n-3 FAs have been proved to modulate immune and inflammatory response in dairy ruminants. Recent studies have addressed the potential programming effects of increased maternal n-3 polyunsaturated FAs intake on offspring’s immune functions showing that feeding bioactive FAs to pregnant animals can affect progeny health status.

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Stojanovic, Lazar, Vera Katic, and Olivera Buncic. "Role of veterinarian in securing sanitary hygiene of food of animal origin." Veterinarski glasnik 59, no. 1-2 (2005): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0502005s.

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The consumer demands that to be provided with a sufficient quantity of articles of animal origin that meet the requirements of sanitary hygiene and are available at acceptable prices. Food articles of animal origin that are safe for human consumption can be obtained only from healthy animals. Veterinarians are daily concerned with the health of animals and are taking measures to prevent the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from animals to humans. The knowledge of epizootiology, microbiology, the sources and pathways of contamination of food articles of animal origin by microbiological and chemical pollutants, the procedures in the process of producing food articles in which such pollutants can be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level, and the connection between these factors and human health, give veterinarians the key position in the securing of sanitary hygiene of articles of animal origin. The safety of articles of animal origin is a specialized field in the area of veterinary medicine that links all the activities of a veterinarian. In partnership with other professions, engaged in the chain of food production, veterinarians guarantee that food articles are safe for the health of consumers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Human and animal health'

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